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Women empowerment (WE) in food security is one of the global issues faced by women in all the countries of the world. Achievement of zero-hunger goal of Sustainable Development Goals in 2030 (SDG) still seems to be unachievable because of this food insecurity. This research aims to study the achievement of food security by enhancing WE in the informal sector in Lahore, Pakistan. Moreover, the analysis goals are to determine the contribution of microcredit facilities and management skills in the enhancement of WE which improves food security. Method: This study was quantitative and descriptive. Using a primary survey questionnaire on cross-sectional data source by simple random sampling, 495 women borrowers in the informal sector of Lahore, Pakistan were investigated. Data analysis was done using SMART PLS3. Results: The results of the study revealed a positive relationship between WE and food security through the active participation of women in production decisions. The utilization of resources within the households is strengthened by familial rights, social support, and the removal of gender disparity. Conclusion: Women's capacity to contribute more to the daily household expenditure is increased by the higher income, and eventually, it increases their empowerment and food security.

Industrial activity is a prime determinant in shaping city size and growth opportunities especially in developing country, like India. Since industrialization started in Ahmedabad in 1950s, the city becomes larger and larger in terms of population and size. The growth of Ahmedabad city is highly affected by three urban generators on eastern part of the city. The research’ aim is to identify and analyze the urban shape caused by the industrial activities and business activity that occupy public areas and streets. Since industrial activities became urban generators to change the use of land, from agriculture into developed land, it has affected the physical morphology of the urban areas. The research found that the existence of informal sector on these areas give an idea that industrial activity not only causes the change of land occupation, but also encourages the growth of informal commercial activity.

Urban planning approach in developed countries is adopted by many less developed countries, including Indonesia and Surabaya as the case study. Political situation, economic condition and strategic planning in Surabaya are very different to those in developed one. Issue of local government decentralization and regularization of urban land disregard the existence of informal sector. Surabaya' city view the growth of informal sector only as part of the systematic urban transition of industrialization process.