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The current stage of development of international trade relations is followed by a growing protectionism. At the same time, the ideas of free trade and fair competition are still declared as key principles for the development of the world economy. One of the authors of these principles, as well as the entire modern system of international trade relations, is the USA. In this context, the possible refusal of the USA to comply with these principles is a serious challenge for the existing system of international trade. The author tries to answer the question if some measures of the US trade and industrial policy correspond to the basic principles of the international trade system. As an empirical basis there were used the works of Russian and foreign economists specializing in trade policy, international economic relations and the US economy. To answer the stated question about the compliance of the US trade and industrial policy with the principles of free trade and fair competition, the author uses methods of analysis and generalization to assess the nature of certain measures and mechanisms implemented in the US trade and industry. The author comes to conclusion about the protectionist nature of several legal acts and mechanisms of the US trade and industrial policy. Considering that not only certain legal acts, but also industrial programs are protectionist in nature, it should be assumed that retreat from the principles of free trade and fair competition is an element of the US position on the development of the national economy as well as international trade. The USA takes advantage of the imperfections of the existing system of international economic relations, demonstrating the use of protectionist measures contrary to the principles of free trade and fair competition.

In the article, based on the analysis of world theoretical and practical ideas, a methodological approach has been developed to assess the level of state support for industry based on the use of a set of indicators: the amount of state support in GDP, industrial production, and industries. Separately, an approach is proposed to assess the level of state support for exports, taking into account the possibility of determining the volume of industrial subsidies in order to facilitate the promotion of goods to foreign markets. In addition, the article proposes a methodological approach to facilitate the impact of the volume of industrial subsidies on certain economic indicators related to the goals of implementing state support measures based on an analysis of the industrial support policy in regional integration associations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This aims of the research to examine the effect of industry support to the success of students performing in teaching factory. Teaching factory is a production-based on learning that brings the industry atmosphere into learning. This learning is expected to make students ready to work, so that unemployment SMK graduates can be reduced. Data analysis in this research use descriptive and regression analysis. The results showed that industry support influenced to the successful implementation of teaching factory with 39.2% of effective contribution. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh dukungan industri terhadap keberhasilan siswa melaksanakan teaching factory. Teaching factory merupakan pembelajaran berbasis produksi yang membawa suasana industri ke dalam pembelajaran. Pembelajaran ini diharapkan akan dapat membuat siswa siap bekerja dan memiliki jiwa enterpreneurship, sehingga pengangguran lulusan SMK dapat berkurang. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan regresi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dukungan industri berpengaruh terhadap keberhasilan pelaksanaan teaching factory dengan sumbangan efektif sebesar 39,2%.

Transition studies’ understanding of differences in public policy is limited due to its tendency to focus on single-country cases. This paper assesses differences in plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) policies, comprising RD&D subsidies, infrastructure investments and sales incentives, across 13 countries over the period 2008–2014. I explore three conditions that may influence these policy expenditures. Content and statistical analyses show that national PEV policies differed drastically across countries in intensity and orientation, ranging from a focus on supply-side innovation policy to a focus on demand-side environmental policy. The government's role across national political economies only explain differences in PEV infrastructure investments, while the government's PEV diffusion targets for 2020 surprisingly do not correlate with any PEV policy. Economic interest in the car industry shows and explains why car countries focus their policy on technology development, and non-car countries on technology diffusion. These findings enhance the understanding of national policies in transitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Commercial support of continuing medical education/continuing professional development (CME/CPD) is a fact of life currently, though under attack from several sources. Does it have a positive or negative value to industry, to physicians, to society, and to CME professionals? There is sufficient evidence to support positive value to industry. There is insufficient evidence to support positive or negative value to physicians or society. There is reason to continue commercial support while broadening the base of support beyond the pharmaceutical industry, not only to avoid perception of bias but also to address CME/CPD needs that do not fit in therapeutic categories. CME professionalism does not depend on commercial support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]