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What are the historical conditions under which a sociologically informed understanding of health inequality can emerge in the public sphere? We seek to address this question through the lens of a strategically chosen historical puzzle—the stubborn persistence of and salient variation in high infant mortality rates across British industrial towns at the dawn of the previous century—as analysed by Arthur Newsholme, the Medical Officer of the Local Government Board. In doing so, we retrace the historical processes through which the evolving public health movement gradually helped crystallise a scientific understanding of the social causes of excess mortality. We map the dominant ideology of the public sphere at the time, chart the shifting roles of the state, and retrace the historical origins and emergence of 'public health' as a distinctive category of state policy and public discourse. We situate the public health movement in this historical configuration and identify the cracks in the existing ideological and administrative edifice through which this movement was able to articulate a novel approach to population health—one that spotlights the political economy of social inequality. We relate this historical sequence to the rise of industrial capitalism, the social fractures that it spawned, and the organised counter‐movements that it necessitated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Alexander II's reforms of the 1860s and 1870s changed the socio-economic situation in Russia. While maintaining the inviolability of the monarchy with the help of reforms carried out "from above", market relations fit into this paradigm. The state controlled all upcoming transformations in the economic segment. The Russian economic system still preserved multi-economic structure, which combined patriarchal, petty-commodity, private-capitalist and state-capitalist foundations.Materials and Methods. The study was written using archival materials from the Russian State Historical Archive (RGIA). The main research principle was historicism, which made it possible to place the economic development of Russia in the context of the post-reform era. Traditional methods of historical research were used, such as historical-systemic and historical-genetic.Analysis. The industrial capitalism was formed in Russia under the conditions of monarchic rule. Armenian-Russian cooperation has a centuries-old history. Since the second half of the 17th century cooperation was developing intensively and had its logical continuation at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries. Armenian industrialists and financiers by virtue of the established tradition were successfully included in the "new" economic paradigm.Results. According to the results of the study, it can be concluded that Armenians contributed significantly to the economic development of the Russian Empire. Especially worth mentioning is the role of the Banking House "Br. Dzhamgarovs". Dzhamgarovs directly participated in the modernization of capitalism and the formation of the financial system of the Russian Empire at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries.

Copyright of Pedagogia Più Didattica is the property of Edizioni Centro Studi Erickson SpA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

During the past decades, industrial capitalism has been transformed into something which has been dubbed 'Casino Capitalism', 'Turbo Capitalism' or 'Money Manager Capitalism' by different authors: financial accumulation has outpaced real accumulation. This process of 'financialisation' has been discussed quite intensively in the literature with respect to its historical determinants and its macroeconomic effects, yet it has not been studied thoroughly whether the shift from the production and allocation of commodities and services towards the origination and distribution of loans and assets as the main activity of non-financial companies challenges our theoretical principles and, therefore, demands a new macroeconomic approach. The objective of this paper is to argue in a preliminary way that financialisation is not merely to be understood as the relative growth of the financial sector based on a deepening of financial intermediation but as a structural transformation of the core business of non-financial firms. This is based on an extended post-Keynesian theory of monetary production and an application of Minskian short- and long-term instability cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

István Gorove (1818-1881) was a well-known and respected Hungarian politician, writer and political thinker of the 19th century. As a representative of the classical liberal paradigm, he believed in the idea of inevitable progress, but he was also aware of the danger of uncritical imitation of economic, social and political phenomena. In his book Nyugot. Utazás külföldön (West. A Journey Abroad, 1844) he recollected the experiences of his journey to Western Europe in 1842-43. In my study, I examine his reflections on some of his politically relevant experiences he presented in his book, and underline their influence on key features of his political thought. The key reference point of his diagnostic analysis of British and French society and political culture is the concept of the common good with a special focus on their implications for the common good of the Hungarian political community. According to him, technological innovation and economic growth do not necessarily lead to a more just distribution of goods, and so he warned the political elites of the Habsburg Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary to learn from the situation in England, as from the perspective of the common good he found it necessary to do everything possible to prevent mass poverty when industrial capitalism would inevitably reach this region in the upcoming decades. In his communitarian political thought the central value of classical liberalism, i.e. individual freedom, is closely intertwined with the freedom of a national community, based on mutual rights and obligations. In his view, individual freedom cannot be realized without the freedom of the community, the nation. The individual good of the citizens can only be developed on the ground of the common good of the national community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the structured space of the boat as a place of work and life, maritime labour regimes can be shaped by individual workers as well as the personalities and practices of captains; the technical specifications of the workspace such as a ship's design; and the broader institutions that simultaneously connect multiple places of work such as (non-)regulation by flag states. An ocean-going ship is not simply a vessel of exchange; it is also a site of work and production. Workers shape labour regimes through past class antagonisms and their compromises which may become codified in national and international law and forms of private ordering; in local historical cultures of labour organizing of greater or weaker militancy; and in contemporaneous struggles, whether in the form of direct resistance, indirect resilience or reworking. This article examines maritime labour regimes in the neoliberal era and seeks to explore a number of questions, including what is specific to the calculus of exploitation, risk and labour-time at sea? How do the geophysical characteristics of the sea shape labour regimes on ocean-going vessels? Have the working lives of those toiling at sea changed since the inception of mercantile capitalism? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How do we theorize and analyze the structural power of finance when global capitalism itself undergoes constant and profound structural transformation? The literature continues to assume that the source of financial structural power is its unique ability to provide credit to the real economy, playing a crucial role in meeting the investment imperative. But recent research documents that most financial market activities no longer facilitate productive investment and can even be a drag on economic development. If the financial sector's primary role is not to support productive investments, then on what basis does it continue to hold structural power? The contributions to this special issue engage with how decades of financialization have transformed the basis of structural power toward alternative functions that have gone unnoticed in the existing literature. These include household and real estate lending that fuels consumption-led growth, concentration and expansion of financial institutions as tools of geo-economic strategy, financing current account deficits that facilitate global imbalances, and wealth preservation that bolsters inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the 1980s, Indonesia has experienced rapid urbanization, and it has become one of the countries with the exponential growth of urban population. Densified urban population is worsening environmental issues such as particulate air pollution, water pollution, and waste disposal. Environmental injustice of poverty and the extreme polarization of rich and poor are increasing in Indonesia's urban societies. Ecological crisis due to climate change in the Anthropocene is closely associated with the nature and culture binary that disconnects human-world relationships. As Indonesia had been colonized by the Dutch for 350 years and occupied by Imperial Japan during World War II, the built environment has become the embodiment of colonial legacies that bequeaths the dichotomy of nature and culture through urban spaces and housings. By engaging with my lived experiences in Jakarta - the capital of Indonesia - and the historical references of Indonesia's development of the built environment and urban housing, I will discuss the nature and culture binary as the colonial legacies in Indonesia's built environment. I argue that the formation of colonial whiteness grounded on the nature and culture binary has evolved to transmit and preserve colonial legacies by a new medium of industrial capitalism. The emergence of gate communities, luxury housings and skyscrapers, and the maintenance of room layouts from the colonial period are the specific features of the corporeal manifestations of everlasting colonialism in Indonesia's built environment. In response to Indonesia's urbanization in the Anthropocene, I suggest Timothy J. Gorringe's theology of grace to call for the need for a contextualized theology of grace for Indonesia that could transform and reimagine the built environment in light of the immanence and transcendence of God. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the beginning of the paper, a structuralist theoretical-methodological model of “conjuncture” and “long-term structure” is used to clarify the changes introduced by Calvin’s teaching to the mentality of the Christian West, contextualizing them in the general sense through relevant foreign historiographic studies of various authors (Pierre Chaunu, Jean Delumeau, Steven Ozment, etc.). The central part of the article depicts Calvinism as a possible starting point i.e., the crucial cause of the later emergence of the socio-economic system of industrial capitalism, primarily by relying on authors such as Hilaire Belloc and Gilbert Keith Chesterton, and other bearers of related views, such as Jacques Maritain, Clive Staples Lewis, Thomas Stearns Eliot, Viktor Emil Frankl and Ernst Friedrich Schumacher. Furthermore, the paper also considers the possibility of pre-reformation in the attitude of the Christian West towards capital, trade, banking, and the individual acquisition of property, as mentioned in the works of Jacques Le Goff. Finally, based on the used literature, the paper discusses the important changes and consequences on the social and cultural agenda, which were brought into the framework of Western civilization by Jean Calvin’s teaching.

Any examination of the relationship between contemporary capitalism and authenticity must take into account the matter of the subject and the way in which the modern self is formed. To do this, we must admit that capitalism is a biopolitical mode of production. This approach takes the conceptual framework presented by Foucault more seriously and relates it to the economic processes of capitalism. This article provides a comprehensive interpretation of the complex relationship between capitalism and biopower to examine the role of industrial capitalism. For this, Foucault's discipline and biopower categories and the liberal governmentality debate that prevailed in the early stages of capitalism were used. It is argued in the article that the early stages of capitalism, dominated by industrial production and liberal administration, were characterized by the panoptic surveillance of individuals and the emergence of "social" as a sphere of government. Capitalism is essentially biopolitical. Because capitalism is based on the discipline and appropriate regulations that ensure the conformity of individuals and the population, increase the quality and quantity of the existing workforce and adjust them according to economic processes. Disciplinary mechanisms and social management function as homogenization technologies that define each other together. Disciplinary mechanisms personalize and normalize the subject according to certain bodily and moral norms. In the study, it was concluded that industrial capitalism caused the homogenization of the whole social body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to make a preliminary theoretical contribution regarding disability through pursuing two objectives. On the one hand, it intends to offer an approach that integrates, in a systemic way and avoiding reductionisms, the biological, subjective, intersubjective and objective levels that configure disability, relying on the theoretical framework of cognitive materialism. On the other, we aim to introduce the historicity of such configuration, investigating the differences and similarities that disability presents between the industrial and informational stages of capitalism. In methodological terms, along with theoretical insight and previous literature, qualitative and quantitative secondary sources are used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Church in the World / Crkva u Svijetu is the property of University of Split, Catholic Faculty of Theology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Historians studying the utopian Oneida Community have often located its demise in rising internal dissent and failing consensus among its members, with special emphasis on the personal jealousies and generational tensions that its practice of group marriage may have produced. Those studies step past the essential place of work and industry in communal life and especially the community’s theology, which equated economic prosperity with Christian virtue. This essay reframes our understanding of the political economy of the Oneida Community, with specific attention to their last decade, and the social tensions stoked by their reliance upon market capitalism and waged labour. While acknowledging the internal dissent that accompanied the structural demise of the commune, the present study asks how such discord arose from business-centred theology within the social environment of competition and a prolonged economic depression. The Community’s dependence upon the surrounding capitalist economy challenged their self-described ‘Bible communism’ and precipitated its demise.

Copyright of Miscelanea Comillas is the property of Universidad Pontificia Comillas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)