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Youths in gangs on the Cape Flats have been reported to be a major and ongoing concern. It is therefore necessary to explore what prompts youths not to join gangs, or to exit gangs. This article is based on a secondary analysis of data that focused on the perceptions of youths in the Cape Flats of the reasons for youths joining gangs. The findings point to individual, family and environmental contributing influences. The discussion is concluded with some recommendations for interventions aimed at providing youths with alternatives to prevent them from joining gangs, or to assist them to exit gangs.

Although in recent years there has been an increasing interest in studies of academic entrepreneurship, only a few studies investigating the start-up inclination of women working in academia have been reported. This paper investigates intention formation, person input, and contextual factors as predictors for the start-up inclination of academic women at German universities based on the Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT). We employ multinomial logistic regression in a sequential analysis. Our data refers to the sample from the “Institut für Mittelstandsforschung” “IfM” Bonn, Germany. Thus, we conduct a secondary analysis. The sample size considered for academic women is 2,340. Person input shows mixed effects on the start-up inclination. Contextual factors; however, exert a positive impact on having a start-up idea among academic females in Germany. Intention formation has a positive influence on having a concrete and non-concrete start-up idea. Our paper intends to fill the research gap by adding to the available models explaining individual and contextual factors that influence having a start-up idea a SCCT-based model that explains the start-up inclination of women working in academia.

Youths in gangs on the Cape Flats have been reported to be a major and ongoing concern. It is therefore necessary to explore what prompts youths not to join gangs, or to exit gangs. This article is based on a secondary analysis of data that focused on the perceptions of youths in the Cape Flats of the reasons for youths joining gangs. The findings point to individual, family and environmental contributing influences. The discussion is concluded with some recommendations for interventions aimed at providing youths with alternatives to prevent them from joining gangs, or to assist them to exit gangs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I created a framework for prioritizing the factors that influence women's cognitive bias toward slimness (WCBS), using multiple processes (modified Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process method) to overcome the limitation of using a single approach, and providing a visualization model to understand the problem and identify factors that influence WCBS. After 2 rounds of modified Delphi surveys and an analytic hierarchy process survey were completed by a panel of 16 experts, I constructed a model in which it was revealed that the priority (strength of influence) of the 4 identified WCBS dimensions was as follows: (1) mass media, (2) important others, (3) social factors, and (4) individual factors. My findings may help the mass media and educational institutions achieve social benefits by making accurate assessments and recommendations regarding WCBS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study sought to determine factors that influence an undergraduate athletic training student's (ATS) level of cultural competence (CC). Utilizing a CC score derived from a student survey, one-way ANOVAs to identify differences in CC scores by gender, race, and year in school and three separate correlation analyses (all students, Caucasian Students, Students of Color) to identify the relationship between CC and variables were performed. Only eight variables in the Students of Color model were significant. This suggests that race may impact factors that influence an ATS CC and could assist educa tors to recognize uncontrollable factors may influence students' CC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although coaching is widely being used as a means for leadership development, very little is known regarding CEOs' perceived value of coaching and those factors that influence these perceptions. Using 583 complete surveys from a national US survey of hospitals, this article examines the relationship of organisational and individual characteristics to the value CEOs have of coaching. National survey data of hospital CEOs in the USA were used in this research. Analyses included means, correlations, a Duncan–Waller test comparing multiple means and regression analyses. Overall, this research shows that CEOs value coaching more for staff improvement than for succession planning. Organisational factors that appear to increase the value of coaching include size of hospital and system affiliation. CEOs working for for-profit companies perceive less value in coaching. Males and CEOs with more direct reports have significantly lower values for coaching. Leaders should be more aware of the value of coaching and look for means to increase the use of this valuable tool to improve leadership skills. This research adds to the growing literature on how to understand and encourage more effective coaching in organisations. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Few studies on the correlates of school violence include school and neighborhood influences. We use ecological systems theory and social disorganization theory to simultaneously incorporate neighborhood (e.g., concentrated poverty, residential instability, and immigrant concentration), school, family, and individual predictors of physical school victimization longitudinally among a large socio-economically and ethnically diverse (49 % Hispanic; 34 % African American) sample of 6 and 9 year olds (49 % female) from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods. These children were followed up at Wave II at ages 8 and 11 (n = 1,425). Results of Hierarchical Generalized Linear Models reveal neighborhood residential instability increases school victimization net of family and individual correlates. Furthermore, cross-level interactions were also supported where residential family mobility has a stronger risk influence in areas of high residential instability. Also, the influence of residential family mobility is decreased in areas with higher levels of immigrant concentration. We also found cross-context connections where parent-to-child aggression in the home is connected to a higher risk of victimization at school. The role of neighborhood and family residential instability on victimization warrants further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]