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In a partition-graph restricted cooperative game with incomplete information, it is assumed that a prior coalition takes part in the grand coalition N in form of communication structure. Before the grand coalition is formed, all the players participate in the cooperation just by communication structure. Hence, a new cooperative game with communication structure (a restricted game for short) is formed. In this study, a new value of a restricted game is proposed, which is defined by the Myserson value and the Shapley value. It is proved that the added value of grand coalition is distributed by a certain ratio (i.e., the Shapley value). By generalized the distribution ratio, a further extension of the proposed value is gotten, i.e., the weight extended value. This weight extended value is unique based on restricted component efficiency, weight fairness, weight symmetric across coalitions, null coalition property and restricted linearity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aim: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by repeated relapse and remission. Because no fundamental therapeutic strategy has been established, the treatment goal is generally to maintain the remission phase for a long period after rapid remission induction. Granulocyte and monocyte adsorption (GMA) for UC is reportedly quite safe because it does not affect immunosuppression. Moreover, it is useful in combination with other remission induction therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the difference in efficacy by the timing of the addition of GMA with corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, and anti‐cytokine therapy for active UC. Methods: The study included 59 patients. Patients who started GMA of 5–11 days were in the early GMA combination group. Patients who started GMA 12 days or more were in the late GMA combination group. The primary endpoint was difference in the effect of additional GMA according to the timing of the intervention. The secondary endpoint was difference in the time to remission induction between the two groups. Results: Of the 32 early GMA group patients, 24 achieved remission induction. Of the 27 late group patients, 18 achieved remission induction. No significant difference in induction rates was found (P = 0.481). The early group had shorter mean time to remission induction (P < 0.001). Conclusions: In conclusion, results suggest that early addition of GMA might lead to earlier remission in patients who have had an inadequate response to remission induction therapy with corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, and anti‐cytokine therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Arthroscopic treatment is indicated for external snapping hip (ESH) syndrome in patients refractory to conservative treatment, but snapping does not disappear completely in some case. No previous studies have described the clinical course of ESH syndrome in patients who presented with persistent snapping after an arthroscopic procedure. We demonstrated the clinical outcomes following an incomplete arthroscopic iliotibial band (ITB) release for ESH syndrome. Methods This retrospective observational study was performed at two teaching hospitals between October 2015 and December 2021. We reviewed the data of 33 patients (34 hips) aged ≥18 years, diagnosed with ESH syndrome, who were treated with arthroscopic ITB release. Patients who presented with persistent snapping despite sufficient arthroscopic ITB release following systematic order were defined as having an incomplete release. We collected the data for recurrent symptomatic snapping hip as the primary outcome after a minimum 2‐year follow‐up. The visual analogue scale (VAS) and modified Harris hip (mHHS) scores were measured as secondary outcome. Results “Incomplete release” was identified in three of the 34 hips (8.9%). Cases of recurrent symptomatic snapping or conversion to open surgery were not observed. The symptoms of residual snapping spontaneously disappeared in all cases following routine postoperative rehabilitation within a 3‐month follow‐up period. The VAS (4 ± 1) and mHHS (17 ± 6) scores of all the patients improved. Conclusion When refractory ESH syndrome is identified during arthroscopic surgery, appropriate ITB release and removal of the major lesion causing snapping are expected to lead to resolution of residual symptoms without conversion to open surgery.

The endpoint of speciation has been viewed as complete isolation and the absence of gene flow between species. If the influx of genes from another species is maladaptive because species have different adaptations and genetic backgrounds, selection should favour the closing of species boundaries and zero gene flow, a process known as reinforcement. Recently, numerous cases of gene flow between species have been identified, many of which involved adaptive introgression of beneficial alleles. These cases could reflect transient states on the way to closed species boundaries or the result of declining strength or efficacy of selection for reinforcement as the level of gene flow approaches zero. An alternative hypothesis, however, is that selection favours porous species boundaries that allow beneficial alleles to cross, especially in changing environments. This perspective evaluates the conditions that would be needed for selection to favour porous species boundaries and the evidence for them. A contrast is made between hybridization in sexual eukaryotes and gene transfer via homologous recombination in bacteria. Current evidence is inconclusive on whether non-zero gene flow is favoured by selection. Studies are needed that quantify selection gradients on rates of gene flow and test for evolution towards intermediate values, especially experiments that manipulate conditions and track evolution for multiple generations. Estimation of gene flow networks for more clades and regional assemblages using emerging genome data will also allow the evolutionary determinants of interspecific gene flow to be better understood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Arthroscopic treatment is indicated for external snapping hip (ESH) syndrome in patients refractory to conservative treatment, but snapping does not disappear completely in some case. No previous studies have described the clinical course of ESH syndrome in patients who presented with persistent snapping after an arthroscopic procedure. We demonstrated the clinical outcomes following an incomplete arthroscopic iliotibial band (ITB) release for ESH syndrome. Methods: This retrospective observational study was performed at two teaching hospitals between October 2015 and December 2021. We reviewed the data of 33 patients (34 hips) aged ≥18 years, diagnosed with ESH syndrome, who were treated with arthroscopic ITB release. Patients who presented with persistent snapping despite sufficient arthroscopic ITB release following systematic order were defined as having an incomplete release. We collected the data for recurrent symptomatic snapping hip as the primary outcome after a minimum 2‐year follow‐up. The visual analogue scale (VAS) and modified Harris hip (mHHS) scores were measured as secondary outcome. Results: "Incomplete release" was identified in three of the 34 hips (8.9%). Cases of recurrent symptomatic snapping or conversion to open surgery were not observed. The symptoms of residual snapping spontaneously disappeared in all cases following routine postoperative rehabilitation within a 3‐month follow‐up period. The VAS (4 ± 1) and mHHS (17 ± 6) scores of all the patients improved. Conclusion: When refractory ESH syndrome is identified during arthroscopic surgery, appropriate ITB release and removal of the major lesion causing snapping are expected to lead to resolution of residual symptoms without conversion to open surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Instability is considered a leading cause of early revision in total hip arthroplasty. Dual mobility cup (DMC) has shown to be a good solution for this problem. However, using DMC there is the potential complication of malseating of the liner. The study aims to determine the incidence of DMC malseating in a large volume hospital where different modular constructs are used, and if there is a significant difference in the incidence between the different constructs used. Methods. In this retrospective study, we included patients admitted at single institution from January 2016 to March 2020. One-hundred-and-one patients were enrolled. Fifty-seven patients were male, the mean age was 61 years, and the mean body mass index was 25.9 kg/m2. Results. Three patients had radiographic evidence of liner malseating. In one patient, the radiological divergence disappeared at one-year follow-up. One patient showed an unfavorable evolution with a progressive increase of the divergence of the shell line associated with a painful noise. He eventually underwent revision surgery. Conclusions. In high-risk patients, DMC component provided a low risk of dislocation and good overall survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background and aim Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by repeated relapse and remission. Because no fundamental therapeutic strategy has been established, the treatment goal is generally to maintain the remission phase for a long period after rapid remission induction. Granulocyte and monocyte adsorption (GMA) for UC is reportedly quite safe because it does not affect immunosuppression. Moreover, it is useful in combination with other remission induction therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the difference in efficacy by the timing of the addition of GMA with corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, and anti‐cytokine therapy for active UC. Methods The study included 59 patients. Patients who started GMA of 5–11 days were in the early GMA combination group. Patients who started GMA 12 days or more were in the late GMA combination group. The primary endpoint was difference in the effect of additional GMA according to the timing of the intervention. The secondary endpoint was difference in the time to remission induction between the two groups. Results Of the 32 early GMA group patients, 24 achieved remission induction. Of the 27 late group patients, 18 achieved remission induction. No significant difference in induction rates was found (P = 0.481). The early group had shorter mean time to remission induction (P

The evolution of gene families is complex, involving gene-level evolutionary events such as gene duplication, horizontal gene transfer, and gene loss, and other processes such as incomplete lineage sorting (ILS). Because of this, topological differences often exist between gene trees and species trees. A number of models have been recently developed to explain these discrepancies, the most realistic of which attempts to consider both gene-level events and ILS. When unified in a single model, the interaction between ILS and gene-level events can cause polymorphism in gene copy number, which we refer to as copy number hemiplasy (CNH). In this paper, we extend the Wright–Fisher process to include duplications and losses over several species, and show that the probability of CNH for this process can be significant. We study how well two unified models—multilocus multispecies coalescent (MLMSC), which models CNH, and duplication, loss, and coalescence (DLCoal), which does not—approximate the Wright–Fisher process with duplication and loss. We then study the effect of CNH on gene family evolution by comparing MLMSC and DLCoal. We generate comparable gene trees under both models, showing significant differences in various summary statistics; most importantly, CNH reduces the number of gene copies greatly. If this is not taken into account, the traditional method of estimating duplication rates (by counting the number of gene copies) becomes inaccurate. The simulated gene trees are also used for species tree inference with the summary methods ASTRAL and ASTRAL-Pro, demonstrating that their accuracy, based on CNH-unaware simulations calibrated on real data, may have been overestimated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Characterising changes in functional diversity at large spatial scales provides insight into the impact of human activity on ecosystem structure and function. However, the approach is often based on trait data sets that are incomplete and unrepresentative, with uncertain impacts on functional diversity estimates. To address this knowledge gap, we simulated random and biased removal of data from three empirical trait data sets: an avian data set (9579 species), a plant data set (2185 species) and a crocodilian data set (25 species). For these data sets, we assessed whether functional diversity metrics were robust to data incompleteness with and without using imputation to fill data gaps. We compared two metrics each calculated with two methods: functional richness (calculated with convex hulls and trait probabilities densities) and functional divergence (calculated with distance‐based Rao and trait probability densities). Without imputation, estimates of functional diversity (richness and divergence) for birds and plants were robust when 20%–70% of species had missing data for four out of 11 and two out of six continuous traits, respectively, depending on the severity of bias and method used. However, when missing traits were imputed, functional diversity metrics consistently remained representative of the true value when 70% of bird species were missing data for four out of 11 traits and when 50% of plant species were missing data for two out of six traits. Trait probability densities and distance‐based Rao were particularly robust to missingness and bias when combined with imputation. Convex hull‐based estimations of functional richness were less reliable. When applied to a smaller data set (crocodilians, 25 species), all functional diversity metrics were much more sensitive to missing data. Expanding global morphometric data sets to represent more taxa and traits, and to quantify intraspecific variation, remains a priority. In the meantime, our results show that widely used methods can successfully quantify large‐scale functional diversity even when data are missing for half of species, provided that missing traits are estimated using imputation. We recommend the use of trait probability densities or distance‐based Rao when working with large incomplete data sets and filling data gaps with imputation.

The original K -nearest neighbour (K NN) algorithm was meant to classify homogeneous complete data, that is, data with only numerical features whose values exist completely. Thus, it faces problems when used with heterogeneous incomplete (HI) data, which has also categorical features and is plagued with missing values. Many solutions have been proposed over the years but most have pitfalls. For example, some solve heterogeneity by converting categorical features into numerical ones, inflicting structural damage. Others solve incompleteness by imputation or elimination, causing semantic disturbance. Almost all use the same K for all query objects, leading to misclassification. In the present work, we introduce K NNHI, a K NN-based algorithm for HI data classification that avoids all these pitfalls. Leveraging rough set theory, K NNHI preserves both categorical and numerical features, leaves missing values untouched and uses a different K for each query. The end result is an accurate classifier, as demonstrated by extensive experimentation on nine datasets mostly from the University of California Irvine repository, using a 10-fold cross-validation technique. We show that K NNHI outperforms six recently published K NN-based algorithms, in terms of precision, recall, accuracy and F-Score. In addition to its function as a mighty classifier, K NNHI can also serve as a K calculator, helping K NN-based algorithms that use a single K value for all queries that find the best such value. Sure enough, we show how four such algorithms improve their performance using the K obtained by K NNHI. Finally, K NNHI exhibits impressive resilience to the degree of incompleteness, degree of heterogeneity and the metric used to measure distance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Characterising changes in functional diversity at large spatial scales provides insight into the impact of human activity on ecosystem structure and function. However, the approach is often based on trait data sets that are incomplete and unrepresentative, with uncertain impacts on functional diversity estimates.To address this knowledge gap, we simulated random and biased removal of data from three empirical trait data sets: an avian data set (9579 species), a plant data set (2185 species) and a crocodilian data set (25 species). For these data sets, we assessed whether functional diversity metrics were robust to data incompleteness with and without using imputation to fill data gaps. We compared two metrics each calculated with two methods: functional richness (calculated with convex hulls and trait probabilities densities) and functional divergence (calculated with distance‐based Rao and trait probability densities).Without imputation, estimates of functional diversity (richness and divergence) for birds and plants were robust when 20%–70% of species had missing data for four out of 11 and two out of six continuous traits, respectively, depending on the severity of bias and method used. However, when missing traits were imputed, functional diversity metrics consistently remained representative of the true value when 70% of bird species were missing data for four out of 11 traits and when 50% of plant species were missing data for two out of six traits. Trait probability densities and distance‐based Rao were particularly robust to missingness and bias when combined with imputation. Convex hull‐based estimations of functional richness were less reliable. When applied to a smaller data set (crocodilians, 25 species), all functional diversity metrics were much more sensitive to missing data.Expanding global morphometric data sets to represent more taxa and traits, and to quantify intraspecific variation, remains a priority. In the meantime, our results show that widely used methods can successfully quantify large‐scale functional diversity even when data are missing for half of species, provided that missing traits are estimated using imputation. We recommend the use of trait probability densities or distance‐based Rao when working with large incomplete data sets and filling data gaps with imputation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The prolactin receptor gene (PRLR) may contribute to polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) since it plays important roles in physiological ovarian functions. PRLR-knockout mice have irregular cycles and subfertility and variants in or around the PRLR gene were associated in humans with female testosterone levels and recurrent miscarriage. We tested 40 variants in the PRLR gene in 212 Italian families phenotyped by type 2 diabetes (T2D) and PCOS and found two intronic PRLR-variants (rs13436213 and rs1604428) significantly linked to and/or associated with the risk of PCOS. This is the first study to report PRLR as a novel risk gene in PCOS. Functional studies are needed to confirm these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveTo evaluate outcomes with mifepristone 200 mg orally followed 24-48 h later by misoprostol 800 mcg vaginally for medical abortion at 64-70 days of gestation.Study designWe reviewed electronic databases and medical records for medical abortion cases at 64-70 days' gestation at British Pregnancy Advisory Service clinics in England and Wales from May 2015 through October 2016. Women selected in-office follow-up or self-evaluation of abortion outcome using a checklist along with low-sensitivity urine pregnancy testing. We excluded cases in which we could not locate records and when women did not proceed with medical abortion, did not use misoprostol following mifepristone if abortion had not occurred and did not attend a scheduled follow-up assessment. We analyzed demographic characteristics, treatment outcomes and significant adverse events. We defined treatment success as complete abortion without surgical evacuation and without continuing pregnancy.ResultsOf 2743 cases identified, we could not locate 40 charts and excluded 30 cases, leaving a final sample of 2673. Overall, 2538 (94.9%, 95% CI 94.1-95.8) women had a successful medical abortion. Reasons for failure included continuing pregnancy (n=90, 3.4%, 95% CI 2.7-4.1), retained nonviable pregnancy (n=2, 0.1%, 95% CI 0-0.2) and incomplete abortion (n=43, 1.6%, 95% CI 1.1-2.1). Of those with continuing pregnancies, 81 underwent a uterine aspiration and 9 opted to continue the pregnancy. Thirty-five (1.3%, 95% CI 0.9-1.7) women had significant adverse events; 16 (0.6%, 95% CI 0.3-0.9) underwent an in-hospital aspiration. Pelvic infection (n=4, 0.2%) and transfusion (n=1, 0.03%) occurred rarely.ConclusionMedical abortion from 64 to 70 days with mifepristone and vaginal misoprostol is effective with a low rate of serious adverse events.ImplicationsMedical abortion between 64 and 70 days of gestation may be offered on an outpatient basis using mifepristone and vaginal misoprostol. Service provision without an in-person follow-up is feasible. Not all women with a continuing pregnancy after medical abortion treatment opt to have an aspiration procedure.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the differences in the clinical characteristics of Kawasaki disease between older and younger children.Study Design: This retrospective study examined 405 children with Kawasaki disease admitted to Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital between 2015 and 2019.Results: Eligible patients were classified into the older (≥3.0 years of age, n = 169) and younger (<3.0 years of age, n = 236) groups. Skin rash was found in significantly fewer cases (112 [66.3%] vs 229 [97.0%], P < .001 in the younger group). Cervical lymphadenopathy was more common in older children (153 [90.5%] vs 165 [69.9%], P < .001) and in incomplete Kawasaki disease (3 or 4 findings) (34 [20.1%] vs 25 [10.6%], P = .0078). The diagnosis was more delayed in older children (median: 5.0 days vs 4.0 days, P = .003) than the younger group. Additionally, fever nonresponsive to a single intravenous immunoglobulin was more common, and the duration of fever was significantly longer in the older group (48 [28.4%] vs 47 [19.9%], P = .0479).Conclusions: Kawasaki disease should be suspected in children aged >3.0 years with cervical lymphadenopathy and fever, despite the absence of skin rash. Additionally, incomplete Kawasaki disease, fever unresolved by a single intravenous immunoglobulin infusion, and the tendency to delay treatment initiation are more common in children aged >3.0 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• There are a range of paediatric distal forearm fractures that could potentially be managed with minimal interventions, including either a removable splint or bandage. • There is high-quality evidence to support minimal interventions for children or adolescents with buckle (torus) fractures of the distal forearm. • Although there is growing evidence to support minimal interventions for incomplete, complete, and physeal fractures, well-designed, large, multicentre trials are lacking. • This scoping review highlights the need for further research to delineate exactly which paediatric distal forearm fractures can be managed with minimal interventions, which could benefit the patient and health care system. Distal forearm fractures are common in children and adolescents with a spectrum of severity. There are fracture patterns that are suitable for minimal interventions, such as a splint or bandage. The objective of this review was to identify which types of paediatric distal forearm fractures can be safely and effectively managed with a removable splint or bandage. A scoping review was performed. Databases searched were PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library and CINAHL; two trial registries were also searched. All primary study designs with children <18 years of age with a distal forearm fracture that was managed in either a splint or bandage were included. Quality of evidence was determined using the GRADE tool. Twenty-two eligible articles were included from 20 unique studies: 12 randomised controlled trials, seven cohort studies and a case report. Twelve studies focused solely on buckle/torus fractures, with remaining studies including other fracture types, such as incomplete ('greenstick'), complete ('transverse'), or physeal (Salter-Harris). Twelve studies reported that participants with either bandage or splint had appropriate reduction in pain and recovery of function at completion of follow-up for all fracture types. All 20 studies reported minimal adverse events related to fracture management. One study reported worsening angulation with bandage immobilisation for complete fractures in two participants, which required manipulation under anaesthesia. There is high quality evidence to support the safety and effectiveness of a splint or bandage for treatment of distal radius buckle and non-displaced incomplete fractures. Several studies supported the use of minimal interventions for various distal radius cortical breach fracture types, with good outcomes, but were limited by heterogeneity (methodology, interventions, outcome measures, reference standard) and potential bias. Included studies confirmed the inherent stability of buckle fractures. The current literature gap to support minimal interventions for a range of other paediatric distal forearm fracture types was highlighted. High-quality evidence with well-designed, large, multicentre randomised control trials in defined age groups is required to identify which paediatric distal forearm fractures can be safely and effectively managed with either a removable splint or bandage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background To evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients who received stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for single viable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at the site of incomplete transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Methods Patients treated with SBRT for single viable HCC after incomplete TACE between 2012 and 2017 at Asan Medical Center (Seoul, South Korea) were included. Incomplete TACE was defined as (1) evidence of viable HCC at the site of TACE on follow-up dynamic computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging following one or more consecutive TACEs, (2) no definite tumor staining on superselective hepatic angiogram, or (3) no definite iodized oil uptake on post-embolization angiogram or CT. Doses of 10–15 Gy per fraction were given over 3–4 consecutive days. The primary outcome was local control rate at 3 years and secondary outcome included tumor response, overall survival rate, out-of-field intrahepatic recurrence-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival and treatment-related toxicities. Treatment-related adverse events were evaluated according to the common terminology criteria for adverse events, version 4.03. Results A total of 302 patients were analyzed. The median follow-up duration was 32.9 months (interquartile range [IQR], 23.6–41.7) and the median tumor size was 2.0 cm (range, 0.7–6.9). The local control (LC) and overall survival rates at 3 years were 91.2 and 72.7%, respectively. 95.4% of the tumors reached complete response (CR) during the entire follow-up period (anyCR). The median interval from SBRT to anyCR was 3.4 months (IQR, 1.9–4.7), and 39.9 and 83.3% of the lesions reached CR at 3- and 6-months after SBRT, respectively. Radiation-induced liver disease was observed in 8 (2.6%) patients. No patients experienced gastroduodenal bleeding within the radiation field. Conclusion SBRT could be considered a feasible salvage treatment option for HCC after incomplete TACE.

Model a network as an edge-weighted graph, where the (unknown) weight we of edge e indicates the frequency of observed interactions, and over time t we observe a Poisson (twe) number of interactions across edges e. How should we estimate some given statistic of the underlying network? This leads to wide-ranging and challenging problems, on which this article makes only partial progress.

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis and is the most frequent pediatric acquired heart disease in developed countries. The diagnosis of KD is typically made by the ≧ 5 of 6 principal signs. However, approximately 20% of KD patients present with less than 5 of these diagnostic signs but may be suffering from coronary artery aneurysms and have been diagnosed with incomplete KD. In this case report, we describe a 2-month-old infant who showed just fever without any other signs of KD but was suffered from multiple arterial aneurysms, including coronary, pulmonary, and carotid arteries. Because she did not respond to intravenous immunoglobulin infusion, we placed her on plasma exchange that has successfully brought defervescence without any significant complications. This case may represent the end spectrum of incomplete KD in very young infants.

Background: We found some important early findings in simple radiographs under the bisphosphonate (BP) treatment through a retrospective study. Here, we report the degree of reversibility of the early findings before overt fracture and analyze the factors affecting the differences through a retrospective case–control study. Methods: We retrospectively inspected the clinical charts of patients diagnosed with atypical femoral fracture (AFF) at our institute between March 2006 and September 2018. Among the 209 screened patients, 102 patients were ultimately divided into 3 categories: Category 1 was described as endosteal diffuse flaring (EDF, early IAFF); category 2 was typical IAFF, with a tiny/partial crack that was limited to less than half of the thickness of the cortex; and category 3 was IAFF with a crack through the entire cortex. Demographics, clinical factors, and three categories of incomplete atypical femoral fracture (IAFF) were analyzed to determine whether their radiological condition "improved" or "progressed" after cessation of BP via univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: Thirty-three, 53, and 16 were classified as categories 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Groups 1 and 2 consisted of 79 patients whose IAFF on the side of interest improved and 23 patients whose IAFF progressed, respectively. The uni/multivariate analyses of the groups demonstrated that the total period of BP (odds ratio [OR] = 1.49) and period of cessation of BP (OR = 0.24) were significant variables. In addition, prophylactic treatment for a contralateral IAFF was a strong factor for progression of the incomplete lesion on the side of interest (OR = 25.99). The rate of progression was significantly higher in patients with a mean treatment period of 43 months or longer, and in those with a mean cessation period shorter than 1.2 months. Conclusion: Early-stage IAFF was found to be a unique finding in simple radiographs before the typical features of AFF. This EDF (category 1) was definitively reversible to normal bone when administration of BP was stopped. In addition, a long period of BP treatment and recent cessation of BP adversely affected IAFF with respect to spontaneous healing. Level of Evidence: Level III, a retrospective case–control study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The aim of this study is to retrospectively analyze the surgical outcomes of 200 patients who were treated for unilateral cleft lip (UCL) over a period of 4 months in our cleft care center. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective audit of all the patients who had undergone UCL repair from January to April 2019. The patients were stratified based on the cleft severity. Fisher technique was employed for the correction of incomplete cleft lip while modified Mohler technique was the choice of repair for complete cleft lip. Clinical records including each patient's preoperative and postoperative photographs were taken into consideration. Results: Of the 200 patients who had undergone lip repair, 56% were male and 44% were female. The average age of the patients treated was 10.5 months. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Scar Assessment Scale were used to evaluate the scar, taking into account pigmentation, vascularity, acceptability, parent comfort, and contour. The results ranged from “excellent” and “good” in the case of incomplete cleft lip repair to “good” and “acceptable” in the case of complete cleft lip repair. Postoperative follow-up revealed that 5 of them had complications related to dehiscence and bleeding. Conclusion: Fisher's method in patients with unilateral incomplete cleft lip proved the effectiveness in improving the esthetic results with good symmetry while the Mohler modification of Millard technique helped achieve optimal lip length with acceptable esthetics.

Background: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients who received stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for single viable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at the site of incomplete transarterial chemoembolization (TACE).Methods: Patients treated with SBRT for single viable HCC after incomplete TACE between 2012 and 2017 at Asan Medical Center (Seoul, South Korea) were included. Incomplete TACE was defined as (1) evidence of viable HCC at the site of TACE on follow-up dynamic computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging following one or more consecutive TACEs, (2) no definite tumor staining on superselective hepatic angiogram, or (3) no definite iodized oil uptake on post-embolization angiogram or CT. Doses of 10-15 Gy per fraction were given over 3-4 consecutive days. The primary outcome was local control rate at 3 years and secondary outcome included tumor response, overall survival rate, out-of-field intrahepatic recurrence-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival and treatment-related toxicities. Treatment-related adverse events were evaluated according to the common terminology criteria for adverse events, version 4.03.Results: A total of 302 patients were analyzed. The median follow-up duration was 32.9 months (interquartile range [IQR], 23.6-41.7) and the median tumor size was 2.0 cm (range, 0.7-6.9). The local control (LC) and overall survival rates at 3 years were 91.2 and 72.7%, respectively. 95.4% of the tumors reached complete response (CR) during the entire follow-up period (anyCR). The median interval from SBRT to anyCR was 3.4 months (IQR, 1.9-4.7), and 39.9 and 83.3% of the lesions reached CR at 3- and 6-months after SBRT, respectively. Radiation-induced liver disease was observed in 8 (2.6%) patients. No patients experienced gastroduodenal bleeding within the radiation field.Conclusion: SBRT could be considered a feasible salvage treatment option for HCC after incomplete TACE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Landscapes as dynamic relations between people and worlds are always incomplete. They are partial understandings, evolving knowledges, edited images and unfinished stories of our designed and undesigned environments. Gaps within and between landscapes can reveal histories omitted and individuals silenced, but this open-endedness of landscapes can also provide opportunities to contribute and participate. In this paper I explore how landscapes are always under construction and I argue that their incompleteness offers potential for new practices. I question, how traditions of mapping can reflect dynamic realities of landscapes; how design and representational practices that attempt to fix time and complete space can work with incompleteness; and how designers and researchers can embrace such landscapes as open-ended, collective endeavours. In this paper, I discuss a mapping project called 'Incomplete Cartographies'—an experiment with in-progress cartographies, incrementally informed by situated narratives, and producing new forms of belonging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complete vaccination, meaning the administration of all doses in a vaccination regimen, is one of the most cost-effective interventions to reduce under-age-five-years mortality and morbidity. However, only a few studies have investigated the magnitude and predictors of incomplete vaccination. This study aimed to identify those factors associated with incomplete vaccination among children aged 12–23 months in Kutaber District, south Wollo zone, Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Kutaber District from August to September 2017. A total of 480 participants were selected using the stratified multi-stage sampling technique. A structured, pre-tested and interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. A logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with incomplete vaccination. The prevalence of incomplete vaccination in this population was found to be 7.7%. The factors home delivery (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 3.21), children from mothers with no history of Tetanus Toxoid (TT) vaccination (AOR = 5.26), living near the health post (AOR = 5.65), caregivers aged 19–26 years (AOR = 9.59), mothers/caregivers with no education (AOR = 3.71), and children from mothers with no Antenatal Care (ANC) follow-ups (AOR = 9.41) were found to be significantly associated with incomplete vaccination. The rate of incomplete vaccination was low as compared to the Ethiopian national report. Educational status of mother/caregiver, TT vaccination of mother, ANC follow-ups, place of delivery, and living near health facilities were significantly associated with incomplete vaccination. In light of these findings, the Ethiopian zonal health office and health care professionals should strengthen maternal health services to decrease the rate of defaulters from complete vaccination.

The optimal extent of revascularization in patients with chronic total occlusion (CTO) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains debated. This meta-analysis aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of complete versus incomplete revascularization in CTO patients. A systematic search of EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science was conducted up to July 6, 2024. Studies reporting outcomes in CTO patients undergoing PCI with complete or incomplete revascularization were included. The primary outcomes were major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), all-cause mortality, and cardiovascular mortality. Eight studies with a total of 7,067 patients (4,854 complete and 2,213 incomplete revascularization) were included. Complete revascularization was associated with a significantly lower risk of MACE (RR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.43-0.77), all-cause mortality (RR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.37-0.78), and cardiovascular mortality (RR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.29-0.75) compared to incomplete revascularization. There was no significant difference in the risk of recurrent myocardial infarction between the two groups (RR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.20-1.80). In patients with CTO undergoing PCI, complete revascularization is associated with significantly better clinical outcomes, including lower risks of MACE, all-cause mortality, and cardiovascular mortality, compared to incomplete revascularization. These findings suggest that achieving complete revascularization should be prioritized when feasible in CTO patients., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Sinha et al.)

Background: Time of day for surgical procedures has been a topic of considerable controversy, with some suggesting that later operating times are associated with worse outcomes. Methods: All patients who underwent open cardiac surgery from 2011 to 2018 were included. Patients that had ventricular assist devices, heart transplant, transcatheter aortic valves, aortic dissections, and emergent operations were excluded. Primary outcomes included postoperative mortality and survival; secondary outcomes included postoperative complications and readmission. Results: The initial patient population consisted of 7883 patients who underwent index cardiac surgery. Following propensity matching (3:1), there were 2569 patients in the a.m. cohort (7–11 a.m.) and 860 patients in the p.m. cohort (3–11 p.m.). All baseline characteristics were matched to equivalent proportions. Total intensive care unit time following surgery was longer for the a.m. cohort (46.5 vs. 40.0 h; p<.001). Otherwise, there was no significant difference between cohorts including operative mortality (1.83% vs 2.21%; p=.48). On multivariable analysis, p.m. surgery was not significantly associated with 30 days mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.96 [0.60, 1.53]; p=.86] or mortality over the study follow‐up (HR: 0.87 [0.73, 1.03]; p=.10]. For propensity‐matched cohorts, Kaplan–Meier survival at 30 days (97.9% vs. 97.4%; p=.44), 1 (93.4% vs 93.9%; p=.51), and 5 years (80.9% vs. 80.2%; p=.84) was not significantly different between cohorts. Conclusion: Short‐ and long‐term mortality, hospital readmission, and postoperative complications were not significantly different between patients that underwent cardiac surgery starting in the a.m. versus patients who had cases that started in the afternoon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cecilia Lazea,1,* Oana Man,2,* Lucia Maria Sur,1 Radu Serban,1 Calin Lazar1 1University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Emergency Clinic Hospital for Children, Department Pediatrics I, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; 2Emergency Clinic Hospital for Children, Department Pediatrics I, Cluj-Napoca, Romania*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Cecilia LazeaUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu Cluj-Napoca, Department Pediatrics I, 68, Motilor Street, Cluj-Napoca 400370, RomaniaTel +40744353764Fax +40264402539Email cicilazearo@yahoo.comAbstract: Diagnosis of Kawasaki disease (KD) is based on well-established clinical criteria. In incomplete or atypical KD, the diagnosis is challenging, because of the paucity of clinical signs or because of the presence of clinical manifestations that generally are not seen in KD. We describe the case of a 3-year-old female patient with persistent high fever, vomiting, watery diarrhea, metabolic acidosis and severe hypopotassemia. On the fourth day of fever, bilateral conjunctivitis, mucous and extremity changes were registered. Urine changes as glycosuria and proteinuria were also noticed. Echocardiography revealed ectasia of the left anterior descending coronary artery, and diagnosis of KD was established. The treatment consisted of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and oral aspirin. Recurrence of disease was recorded on the 23rd day of the disease, with favorable evolution after the second dose of IVIG was infused.Keywords: atypical, incomplete, Kawasaki disease, gastrointestinal, renal

Introduction: Early pregnancy failure is a major health problem throughout the world. Expulsion of some but not all products of conception before 20 weeks of pregnancy abortion is incomplete abortion. This study was to find about the safety, efficacy, and acceptability of misoprostol in comparison to manual vacuum aspiration for the treatment of incomplete abortion so the safe and convenient method can be used in diverse settings in different parts of our country. Materials and Methods: A prospective comparative interventional study carried out between October 2011 to March 2012 AD (Kartik 2068 to Chaitra 2068 BS) in Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital, Thapathali. All eligible women with a diagnosis of incomplete abortion of < 13 weeks of gestation either from LMP or Ultrasound were divided into two groups. Group 1 includes all odd numbers of cases under study group to whom 600 mcg Misoprostol was given orally. Group 2 includes all even the number of cases under study group to whom manual vacuum aspiration was done. Results: Out of 60 women enrolled in the study, 30 were enrolled in Group 1(Misoprostol P.O.) and 30 in Group 2 (manual vacuum aspiration). The study showed no significant difference in the efficacy of the Misoprostol as compared to manual vacuum aspiration (93.33% vs. 100%). Conclusions: The efficacy of oral Misoprostol is as effective as manual vacuum aspiration in the treatment of first trimester incomplete abortion with comparable success rate.

Background: ‘Skin Shop’ is a model of care at a high-volume tertiary centre that describes a registrar-lead skin cancer service under consultant supervision. Ninety-two percent of lesions are completely excised, 4.2% are narrowly excised and 3.2% are incompletely excised. Current international guidelines suggest re-excision of incompletely excised nonmelanomatous skin cancer (NMSC); however, there is a lack of robust evidence to suggest how these lesions should be optimally managed. We describe how narrow and incompletely excised NMSC are managed in the ‘Skin Shop’ and present rates of recurrence. Methods: Retrospective analysis of all lesions excised between December 2014 and June 2019. Lesion type, histological margin, presence of high-risk features, management, presence of residual tumour in re-excision and follow-up duration were recorded. Rates of clinical recurrence were documented. Results: From 5821 lesions excised, a total of 394 NMSC (245 basal cell carcinoma (BCC), 128 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and 21 Basosquamous cell carcinoma) were narrowly or incompletely excised. A total of 135 (34.3%) lesions were observed in clinic for recurrence, 133 (33.8%) lesions underwent re-excision, 81 (20.6%) lesions underwent GP surveillance and 14 (3.6%) lesions received radiotherapy.Mean specialist clinic follow-up was 12.4 months. Fourteen lesions recurred (3.5%, 10 BCC, 3 SCC, 1 basosquamous) of which 12 underwent re-excision. The risk of recurrence for narrow and incompletely excised BCC was 2.9% and 10%, respectively. The corresponding rates for SCC were 2.2% and 3.3%, respectively. Conclusion: Skin Shop is an effective model with low rates of narrow and incompletely excised NMSC. Risk of recurrence of these lesions is low with our current practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Islamic Research / İslâmi Araştırmalar Dergisi is the property of Turkey Economical & Cultural Solidarity (TEK-DAV) Foundation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Unsafe abortion is the cause of a substantial number of maternal mortalities and morbidities globally, but specifically in low- and middle-income countries. Medical abortion methods provided by non-physicians may be a way to reduce the burden of unsafe abortions. Currently, only one systematic review comparing non-physicians with physicians for medical abortion exists. However, the review does not have any setting restrictions and newer evidence has since been published. Therefore, this review aims to evaluate the effectiveness, acceptability, and safety of first-trimester abortion managed by non-physicians compared with physicians in low- and middle-income countries.Material and Methods: The databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, Global Health Library, and EMBASE were searched using a structured search strategy. Further, the trial registries clinicaltrials.gov and The International Clinical Trial Registry Platform were searched for published and unpublished trials. Randomized controlled trials comparing provision of medical abortion by non-physicians with that by physicians in low- or middle-income countries were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Trials that reported effect estimates on the effectiveness of medical methods on complete abortion were included in the meta-analysis. The protocol was prospectively registered in the PROSPERO database, ID: CRD42020176811.Results: Six papers from four different randomized controlled trials with a total of 4021 participants were included. Two of the four included trials were assessed to have overall low risk of bias. Four papers had outcome data on complete abortion and were included in the meta-analyses. Medical management of first-trimester abortion and medical treatment of incomplete abortion were found to be equally effective when provided by a non-physician as when provided by a physician (risk ratio 1.00; 95% CI 0.99-1.01). Further, the treatment was equally safe, and women were equally satisfied when a non-physician provided the treatment compared with a physician.Conclusions: Provision of medical abortion or medical treatment for incomplete abortion in the first trimester is equally effective, safe, and acceptable when provided by non-physicians compared with physicians in low- and middle-income countries. We recommend that the task of providing medical abortion and medical treatment for incomplete abortion in low- and middle-income countries should be shared with non-physicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When the History of Tafsir (exegesis) is analyzed, incomplete exegeses are observed. The writing of these exegeses is incomplete because of the death of their authors. Notably, there may be other reasons why exegeses are incomplete. In the subsequent periods, some of these exegeses were completed. This study provides information on these incomplete exegeses and their authors. If the exegeses were completed in some manner later, the individuals who have partaken in this work and why and how they performed it are also emphasized. Many exegeses in the History of Tafsir were completed by their authors, namely, those in every geography. Incomplete exegeses written in languages other than Arabic have also been observed. In addition to the incomplete exegeses written based on Sunni and Shiite understandings, there are incomplete exegeses written based on understanding of the sects that are influential in a smaller, narrower area. The first examples of incomplete exegeses are from the third Hijri century. There are also exegeses that have been written but could not have been completed recently. In this study, determinations are made according to all these qualifications. Once again, the exegeses mentioned in the study are presented chronologically according to the death dates of their authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: Cavernous sinus; incomplete; isolated; meningioma; third cranial nerve palsy EN Cavernous sinus incomplete isolated meningioma third cranial nerve palsy 104 106 3 03/29/22 20220101 NES 220101 Introduction Meningiomas are slow-growing, benign tumours that arise from the meninges anywhere in the central nervous system.[[1]] They are also one of the most common tumours affecting the cavernous sinus.[[1]] The presenting symptoms depend on the compression of the nearby neurovascular structures. Cavernous sinus, incomplete, isolated, meningioma, third cranial nerve palsy. [Extracted from the article]

Introduction: Dabigatran, a direct thrombin inhibitor, is 80% renally eliminated and demonstrates multi-compartmental pharmacokinetics. Idarucizumab is a monoclonal antibody that reverses dabigatran-induced anticoagulation and displays single compartment pharmacokinetics, with a smaller volume of distribution and shorter elimination half-life than dabigatran. These differences in pharmacokinetics mean that redistribution of dabigatran from peripheral compartments can occur after idarucizumab has been eliminated, resulting in rebound in the dabigatran plasma concentration and treatment failure. Clinical experience notes failure of a single idarucizumab 5 g dose to fully reverse coagulopathy in certain patients. Aims: To identify factors predisposing to an incomplete response to the standard idarucizumab 5 g dose. Methods: A systematic literature search in PubMed using terms "dabigatran" and "idarucizumab" covering 2015 to October 2019 identified 387 entries. Titles and abstracts were screened initially, followed by full text review and data extraction from 97 eligible articles. Data extracted included clinical information, dabigatran concentrations, coagulation results, idarucizumab dosage and patient outcomes. Pharmacokinetic simulations were conducted using a two-compartment model to predict the likelihood that acute or chronic kidney disease will contribute to an incomplete reversal of dabigatran-induced anticoagulation. Results: Of 240 published cases receiving idarucizumab, 33 reported dabigatran concentration rebound, within a median time of 22 h. From 231 cases reporting idarucizumab dose, 10 received repeated administration due to a rebound in dabigatran concentrations. Baseline dabigatran concentrations >228 ng/mL were more likely to experience a rebound post-idarucizumab to >30 ng/mL (detectable). For baseline dabigatran >488 ng/mL, the concentration rebounded to >75 ng/mL (therapeutic). The impact of kidney dysfunction on the effect of the recommended dose of idarucizumab: Idarucizumab is expected to neutralise a maximum plasma dabigatran concentration of 980 ng/mL, but most likely a lesser amount. Pharmacokinetic modelling suggests, for patients taking dabigatran 150 mg twice daily, an incomplete response to 5 g idarucizumab is predicted after approximately 72 h dosing when GFR less than 30 mL/min (25% of normal), and after 36 h with severely impaired renal function (GFR 6 mL/min; GFR 5% of normal). Acute dabigatran self-poisoning: Idarucizumab has neutralised dabigatran following deliberate self-poisoning with dabigatran in a limited number of cases, even in the absence of bleeding. There are insufficient data regarding the use of idarucizumab as part of standard supportive care in this context. Clinical use of idarucizumab in complex circumstances: The dilute thrombin time can be used to determine the dabigatran concentration, but other more standard coagulation assays are less precise. A normal aPTT largely excludes dabigatran. We suggest performing coagulation assays and dabigatran concentrations every 6 h for a minimum of 36 h after idarucizumab administration to detect a rebound in dabigatran. This is particularly necessary in patients with glomerular filtration rate <30 mL/min or those with a plasma dabigatran concentration exceeding approximately 500 ng/mL. If a rebound in dabigatran is noted, then repeat administration of idarucizumab 5 g can be considered for reversal of recurrent coagulopathy if clinically indicated. Conclusion: The use of idarucizumab for reversal of dabigatran is complex and requires consideration of clinical circumstances and laboratory investigations. Monitoring post-idarucizumab may be required in acute or chronic kidney disease to detect a rebound in dabigatran concentration and the need for additional doses of idarucizumab. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a Wilson interval for binomial proportions for use with multiple imputation for missing data. Using simulation studies, we show that it can have better repeated sampling properties than the usual confidence interval for binomial proportions based on Rubin's combining rules. Further, in contrast to the usual multiple imputation confidence interval for proportions, the multiple imputation Wilson interval is always bounded by zero and one. Supplementary material is available online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute, self-limited vasculitis of unknown etiology that occurs predominantly in infants and young children. Encephalitis/encephalopathy is an extremely rare complication of KD. Case. A previously healthy 8-month-old Japanese boy had a prolonged seizure after febrile illness for one day. On the fourth day, he had bilateral nonexudative conjunctivitis, changes in the extremities, rash and induration at the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin inoculation site. He was diagnosed with incomplete KD and treated with immunoglobulin. On the fifth day, he had cluster seizures. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed restricted diffusion in the left subcortical white matter, which was consistent with acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion (AESD). He was treated with controlled normothermia, pulseddose methylprednisolone, continuous infusion of midazolam, and edaravone. On the tenth day, he had a recurrent fever and was treated with a second course of immunoglobulin. Subsequently, he had defervescence, and the abnormal signal detected in the MRI disappeared. At the age of 11 months, he had normal growth and development for his age by the Denver Developmental Screening Test. Conclusion. It is necessary to consider AESD as the differential diagnosis of prolonged seizure in infants with KD. Brain MRI led to early diagnosis and intervention in our patient. The neurological prognosis of our patient was relatively good, but the prognosis of KD with AESD is unknown. To clarify this, further case accumulation is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We determine a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of semicyclic holey group divisible designs with block size three and group type (n,mt). New recursive constructions on semicyclic incomplete holey group divisible designs are introduced to settle this problem completely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Annual report and financial statement forms from 2012-2015 for The Committee on Publications Ethics (COPE) are publicly available on the COPE website. On those forms, COPE’s physical address is listed as 22 Nelson Close, Harleston, Norfolk, in the United Kingdom (UK). In fact, COPE is registered both as a charity and as a charitable company. However, only one physical address is registered in the UK. Other than these documents, COPE website pages that should list the physical address, contact people, phone numbers and emails, as any transparent and socially responsible organization would do, in fact did not list such information, at all, or in full, even on the “contact us” page until about June, 2017, when the website was updated, possibly following my concerns. This registered physical address is simply a mail-drop address, but it is unclear if COPE is sharing that address with other registered UK companies and charities. Several of these aspects related to COPE’s stated physical registered address correspond to some of the predatory characteristics that the now-defunct Jeffrey Beall blog used to list, and which WAME, the World Association of Medical Editors, a close COPE ally, still espouses as predatory, albeit related to publishing. In addition, documents tend to be undated and membership has been changing numbers even though the application for COPE membership was suspended in March, 2017. This paper argues that, based on an adaptation of these criteria alone, COPE displays some predatory, dishonest or misleading characteristics. These issues would not only undermine trust in COPE, but could in fact may constitute a serious breach of basic ethical principles that its global membership would expect from an ethics organization that claims to be transparent about its operations, and that cares about the fine-scale nature of this critique.

Abstract Background Under-five mortality remains high in sub-Saharan Africa despite global decline. One quarter of these deaths are preventable through interventions such as immunization. The aim of this study was to examine the independent effects of individual-, community- and state-level factors on incomplete childhood immunization in Nigeria, which is one of the 10 countries where most of the incompletely immunised children in the world live. Methods The study was based on secondary analyses of cross-sectional data from the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). Multilevel multivariable logistic regression models were applied to the data on 5,754 children aged 12–23 months who were fully immunized or not (level 1), nested within 896 communities (level 2) from 37 states (level 3). Results More than three-quarter of the children (76.3%) were not completely immunized. About 83% of children of young mothers (15–24 years) and 94% of those whose mothers are illiterate did not receive full immunization. In the fully adjusted model, the chances of not being fully immunized reduced for children whose mothers attended antenatal clinic (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.49; 95% credible interval [CrI] = 0.39–0.60), delivered in health facility (aOR = 0.62; 95% CrI = 0.51–0.74) and lived in urban area (aOR = 0.66; 95% CrI = 0.50–0.82). Children whose mothers had difficulty getting to health facility (aOR = 1.28; 95% CrI = 1.02–1.57) and lived in socioeconomically disadvantaged communities (aOR = 2.93; 95% CrI = 1.60–4.71) and states (aOR = 2.69; 955 CrI =1.37–4.73) were more likely to be incompletely immunized. Conclusions This study has revealed that the risk of children being incompletely immunized in Nigeria was influenced by not only individual factors but also community- and state-level factors. Interventions to improve child immunization uptake should take into consideration these contextual characteristics.

This case report highlights the management of a case of bilateral complete and incomplete fusion of maxillary incisors in a 10-year-old child. A mock-up was done on the diagnostic cast. Pretreatment esthetic evaluation was done using bis-acryl composite temporaries which were transferred intraorally from the diagnostic cast using a putty index. An incisal overlap veneer preparation was done, following which, an IPS e-max veneer was cemented. A digital mock-up was carried out using the Adobe Photoshop and Corel Draw softwares to aid in laboratorial fabrication of the veneer.