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Copyright of Polimery w Medycynie is the property of Wroclaw Medical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the last years, bioactive and biostatic activities of fibrin and the ability to entrapping and binding growth factors play a significant role in tissue engineering. Fibrin is most commonly applied in forms of gels and discs. Finally, every form of fibrin becomes gel as a result of water uptake. In vivo fibrin acts as a cell scaffold and can be applied as the gel in hardly accessible areas, filling damaged tissues and supporting surrounding tissues. Moreover, fibrin stops bleeding, initiates tissue repair processes, and plays the role of a cell stimulator agent. The modification of fibrin structure with adhesive molecules accelerates the reconstruction of the normal tissue. Structural properties of fibrin also make it possible to use it as a reservoir of growth factors and a controlled growth factor release system. The biodegradability of fibrin also allows for correlation of the matrices degradation with tissue reconstruction. Fibrin processing by 3D printing and electrospinning methods makes it possible to produce tailored to the injury pieces and nonwovens without losing fibrin bioactive properties. These methods could be used for the improvement of the mechanical properties of fibrin by the formulation of nonwovens with other polymers. These durable materials are especially important for the proper healing of such structures as bone and tendons. In the future, the biotechnological methods of fibrinogen synthesis may make it independent from blood source and increase the popularity of fibrin-based medical devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inżynieria tkankowa to interdyscyplinarna dziedzina badań, która stosuje zasady inżynierii i nauk przyrodniczych do opracowywania substytutów biologicznych, przywracania, utrzymywania lub poprawy funkcji tkanek. Łączy medycy-nę kliniczną, inżynierię mechaniczną, materiałoznawstwo i biologię molekularną. Chitozan jest związkiem, który może być stosowany na szeroką skalę w biomedycynie, m.in. jako nośnik leków, nici chirurgiczne, materiały opatrunkowe przeznaczone do przyspieszonego gojenia ran oraz rusztowania komórkowe w inżynierii tkankowej. Chitozon spełnia najważniejsze kryteria dla biomateriałów, m.in. kompatybilność, odpowiednie właściwości mechaniczne, morfologia i porowatość, nietoksyczność i biodegradowalność. Rusztowania chitozanowe mogą sprzyjać adhezji, różnicowaniu i proliferacji na powierzchni komórek. Z chitozanu można tworzyć różne formy funkcjonalne w zależności od potrzeb i wymagań, w tym: hydrożele 3D, gąbki 3D, folie i membrany oraz nanowłókna. Ze względu na unikalne właściwości fizykochemiczne biopolimer ten może być również wykorzystany do oczyszczania białek terapeutycznych z endotoksyn bakteryjnych, co jest dziś istotnym problemem w oczyszczaniu produktu końcowego w zastosowaniach medycznych. Obecnie terapie oparte na białkach rekombinowanych znajdują szerokie zastosowanie w terapiach celowanych, inżynierii tkankowej oraz szeroko pojętej medycynie regeneracyjnej. Dlatego tak ważny jest współistniejący, dobrze zapro-jektowany system oczyszczania produktu białkowego, który nie zmieni swoich zasadniczych właściwości. Artykuł jest przeglądem aktualnych badań nad zastosowaniem materiałów bioaktywnych na bazie chitozanu w medycynie regene-racyjnej różnych tkanek i narządów (m.in. tkanki chrzęstnej i kostnej, tkanki skórnej czy tkanki nerwowej). Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field of research that applies the principles of engineering and the natural sciences to the development of biological substitutes, restoring, maintaining, or improving tissue functions. It combines clinical medicine, mechanical engineering, materials science and molecular biology. Chitosan is a very promising compound that can be used on a large scale in biomedicine as a carrier of drugs, surgical threads, dressing materials dedicated to accelerating wound healing and cell scaffolding in tissue engineering. It meets the most important criteria for biomaterials, such as compatibility, adequate mechanical properties, morphology and porosity, non-toxicity and biodegradability. Chitosan scaffolds can promote cell surface adhesion, differentiation and proliferation. It can be used to create various functional forms depending on the needs and requirements, including 3D hydrogels, 3D sponges, films and membranes and nanofibers. Due to its unique physicochemical properties, this biopolymer also has the potential to purify therapeutic proteins from bacterial endotoxins, which is currently an important problem in the purification of the end product in the context of medical applications. Currently, recombinant protein therapeutics are widely used in targeted therapies, tissue engineering and broadly understood regenerative medicine. That is why the coexisting, well-designed purification system of a protein product, which will not change its essential properties, is so important. This article is a review of current research on the use of bioactive materials based on chitosan in regenerative medicine of various tissues and organs (including cartilage and bone tissues, skin tissues or nervous tissue). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polimery w Medycynie is the property of Wroclaw Medical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Advances in Biochemistry / Postepy Biochemii is the property of Polish Biochemical Society / Acta Biochimica Polonica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Treatment of burn and chronic wounds, during which e.g. skin and cell transplants or particular products of tissue engineering are used, obligates medicine doctors to be familiar with the applicable national and European provisions concerning this subject matter. These provisions apply both to the matter of safety and transparency of procedures and to delineation of responsibilities of medicine doctors. This paper described the legal aspects of tissue engineering applicable in Poland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are recently widely used in regenerative medicine. Human adipose tissue is a rich and easily available source of mesenchymal stem cells. Based on the current state of knowledge, this article presents the broad applications of stem cells in medicine, especially their use in plastic, reconstructive and aesthetic surgery. The use of stem cell therapy is becoming more and more common, and the therapy itself seems to have an enormous clinical potential. Currently, although the results are very promising, biological interventions are experimental and a short observation time in most studies questions the long-term effectiveness of the treatments. Evidence is not strong enough and requires further rigorous, randomized, controlled clinical trials to enable subsequent meta-analyzes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polimery is the property of Industrial Chemistry Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Chronic wounds seem to be a big problem for the medicinal, social and commercial area, especially for elder patients or people with cancer, metabolic or autoimmune diseases. In this respect, in the modern regenerative medicine there are intensive studies on methodologies that stimulate healing of chronic wounds (diabetic foots, ulcers, burns).///In tissue engineering new solutions in wound healing are based on cellular therapies which consisting of growth factors and various types of scaffolds. In this way, there are created skin substitutes which are composed of cellular auto/allografts (stem cells and differentiated cells) and most commonly biodegradable scaffolds; they aim is not only to fill the tissue but also to stimulate wound healing.///In this article we demonstrate the current knowledge about biological properties of Adipose- -derived Stem Cells (ASCs), methods of their isolation and potential for use in therapies for non-healing wounds. Adipose tissue seems to be an attractive and abundant stem cells source with therapeutic applicability in diverse phase of the repair and regeneration of the chronically damaged tissues. Additionally, it is believed that secreted by ASCs growth factors, cytokines and exosomes are decisive in the clinical effects. In this review, we also present the current clinical trials using stem cells derived from adipose tissue.///Increasingly, the use of cell therapy in wound healing treatment draws attention to the safety, reproducibility and quality of stem cells. Researches go on and therapy approaches are possible but the detailed knowledge of the ASCs biology must be thoroughly investigated before these cells would be widely used in the clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polimery is the property of Industrial Chemistry Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this review is to present the current knowledge regarding the hierarchy of stem cells originating from the oral cavity, which could have a potential value when applied to regenerative stomatology. It must be particularly emphasized that the heterogenous nature of its biology and function within oral compartment may predispose them to different types of applications. Stem cells can be perceived as immature, primitive and unspecialized types of cells with the ability to proliferate, self-renew and differentiate into specialized progeny according to the compartmental signaling. Their presence in tissue reservoirs was already discovered in many organs and tissues as well as in the stomatognathic system. The oral cavity appears to be an exceptionally attractive site to acquire stem cells. The common presence and easy access to these cells in dental and peridental tissues provides a real chance to apply them for therapeutic purposes. Such an opportunity would also be neutral to bioethical and moral issues, assuming autologous stem cells employment. Many authors suspect that stem cells have epigenetic memory, so some of their features can be inherited through generations. They are not connected, however, with DNA sequence modifications. It is, therefore, justified to apply the cells, which have the oral cavity as their natural reservoir, in interventions associated with tissue engineering within the stomatognathic system. An increasing number of clinical trials, among which the number of randomized studies with large group of patients is progressively carried out, allows for a prediction that shortly therapeutic methods based on stem cells of dental origin may be implemented to the routine repertoire of clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dental Forum is the property of Dental Forum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Tissue engineering is a branch of science connecting the base of engineering and biological sciences in order to obtain biological substitutes which restore and improve the functioning of organisms. The dynamic development of this science demonstrates the innovative perspective of recovery and reconstruction of damaged tissues. Tissue engineering products are becoming an alternative for current reconstruction methods, i.e. autologous/allogenic transplants or synthetic implants. Common biological materials used in tissue engineering are cells which are specifically manipulated, in order to create an appropriate material for transplantation. Besides stem cells, scaffolds play an important role, that allow three-dimensional cell growth and tissue formation. In the scaffold production three basic groups of materials are used: ceramics, synthetic and natural polymers. The use of any of the materials has many advantages and disadvantages. However, the most intense tissue regeneration was observed on scaffolding constructed through a combination of synthetic polymers with natural substances. One of the most important scaffolding disadvantages is its susceptibility to endogenous or exogenous microflora colonization, which can lead to early or late infection. Therefore, study on modification of scaffolding structure/surface features are carried on, in order to create materials with high tissue biocompatibility and the ability to inhibit microbial adhesion. so far, the stem cells on scaffolding are used only as experimental solutions in the therapy of selected pathological lesions. However, recently described achievements in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, e.g. in the field of a broken spinal reconstruction, show their great therapeutic potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polimery is the property of Industrial Chemistry Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Technical Transactions / Czasopismo Techniczne is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Polimery is the property of Industrial Chemistry Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Natural microflora of the skin has numerous functions, including the very important protective and immunomodulatory role. Accidental skin break and/or the use of invasive medical procedures can, however, lead to the development of infections caused by skin microbiome members. As we know, these are mostly connected with biofilm formation. Proper care of wounds at risk of infection with the use of modern dressings, antiseptic and antibiotic, can greatly reduce this risk. Standard treatment includes control of the intensity of skin injuries/chronic wounds (including those infected) colonization, and if required, debridement with a regular change of dressing appropriate to the nature of the wound. Sometimes, however, it require serious surgical intervention, with uses a more advanced active dressings. These can be acellular skin substitutes or classified as cell therapy, those that mimic the skin epidermis, and even the full thickness dermis. Nevertheless, the problem of effective treatment of chronically infected wound is still not completely resolved. Therefore, it is reasonable to ongoing research into the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of these infections, and involving a the selection of the best research models. Both the first and the second type of product, mentioned above, is suitable for basic in vitro research in the field of the pathophysiology of the underlying processes of wound infections i.e. biofilm formation and its eradication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polimery is the property of Industrial Chemistry Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The most common cause of bladder reconstruction is radical cystectomy for invasive bladder cancer. Currently, bowel segments remains, the most widely used in reconstruction of urinary tract. Using of bowel as a "material" for bladder reconstruction is associated with numerous complications. Tissue engineering methods provide opportunities to construct bladder tissue in vitro from autologous cells obtained from non urinary tract system. So far, the most useful cell and matrix type for bladder reconstruction have not been defined. In this work actual knowledge about tissue engineering in bladder regeneration was presented [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tissue engineering as a rapidly developing branch of science offers hope for the use of its products in medical practice. Among the components of tissue substitutes are different types of cells, especially stem cells. A promising source of adult stem cells is hair follicles. Development of follicles in the skin takes place even during fetal life. They arise due to the impact of epidermal and mesenchymal cells. The next steps in the formation of hair follicles are under the control of many factors. Hair follicles are the niche of various stem cell populations and are a major source of cells responsible for regeneration of the hair, sebaceous glands and epidermis. The term "hair follicle stem cells" is most often used in relation to the epithelial cell population. Hair follicle stem cell studies are complicated by the fact that these stem cells divide relatively rarely. The aim of this study is to present the characteristics of cells isolated from the hair follicle in the light of recent research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field that offers new opportunities for regeneration of diseased and damaged tissue with the use of many different cell types,including adult stem cells. In tissue engineering and regenerative medicine the most popular are mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from bone marrow. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are a potential source of progenitor cells for osteoblasts, chondroblasts, adipocytes, skeletal muscles and cardiomyocytes. It has also been shown that these cells can differentiate into ecto- and endodermal cells, e.g. neuronal cells, glial cells, keratinocytes and hepatocytes. The availability of autologous MSCs, their proliferative potential and multilineage differentiation capacity make them an excellent tool for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The aim of this publication is to present characteristic and biological properties of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from bone marrow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]