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Copyright of Configurações is the property of Centro de Investigacao em Ciencias Sociais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Fraser Health Authority (FHA) has established a framework of commitments to guide a range of issues from incorporating diversity, equity, and inclusion in clinical and policy decisions and responding to the historical and continuing discrimination against First Nations, Métis, and Inuit peoples, to creating psychologically safe environments, and dealing with harassment, bullying and other disrespectful behaviours. FHA Ethics Services hosted a workshop as part of the 2023 Canadian Bioethics Society-Société canadienne de bioéthique (CBSSCB) Workshop and Community Forum to create an opportunity for critical reflection and discuss strategic responses for the organization to live up to these commitments. This paper summarizes the workshop and identifies key insights and issues that emerged as areas that should be addressed in responding to diversity and inequality in the health system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RÉSUMÉ Au Mali, l'accès à la santé est une préoccupation majeure. Il est devenu une priorité nationale depuis la déclaration d'Alma-Ata en 1978. Dès lors, des efforts importants ont été consentis par l'État et ses partenaires pour atteindre cet objectif. Ces efforts semblent insuffisants dans le district sanitaire de Bougouni, car, plus de la moitié de la population reste très loin des services de santé de base. Face à ce constat, évaluer l'accessibilité géographique aux soins de santé est essentiel pour identifier les localités qui ont été laissées pour compte, d"où l'objet de cette recherche dans le district de Bougouni. Trois types de données sont mobilisées : l'effectif de la population, la localisation des centres de santé communautaires et le réseau routier. Deux étapes consécutives résument la démarche utilisée : la méthode des aires d'attraction flottantes à deux étapes améliorées (E2SFCA) a été utilisée pour mesurer la dimension spatiale de l'accessibilité aux services de santé. Elle est complétée par les analyses d'autocorrélation spatiale notamment l'indice local Moran pour détecter les regroupements des localités à faible ou à forte valeur d'accessibilité spatiale. Les résultats révèlent de fortes disparités spatiales intra et infra communale d'accès aux soins primaires de santé et questionnent parallèlement l'efficacité de la politique de couverture géographique des populations aux soins de base. Ils mettent également en évidence la pression démographique sur les services de santé existants et proposent des pistes pour améliorer significativement l'accès géographique aux services de santé. In Mali, access to healthcare is a major concern. It has been a national priority since the Alma-Ata Declaration in 1978. Since then, major efforts have been made by the State and its partners to achieve this objective. These efforts appear insufficient in the Bougouni health district, where more than half the population is still far from basic health services. Given this situation, it is essential to assess geographical accessibility to healthcare to identify the localities that have been left behind, hence the purpose of this research in the Bougouni District. Three types of data were used: the size of the population, the location of community health centers and the road network. Two consecutive stages summarize the approach used, the improved two-stage floating attraction area method (E2SFCA) was used to measure the spatial dimension of accessibility to health services. It was supplemented by spatial autocorrelation analyses, particularly the local Moran index, to detect clusters of localities with low or high spatial accessibility values. The results reveal strong spatial disparities in access to primary healthcare within and between communes and at the same time call into question the effectiveness of the policy of geographical coverage of the population in terms of basic healthcare. They also highlight the demographic pressure on existing health services and suggest ways of significantly improving geographical access to health services. MOTS CLÉS [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Issues in Ethnology Anthropology is the property of Issues in Ethnology Anthropology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé: S'il est de plus en plus établi que les études supérieures améliorent les perspectives professionnelles, l'inégalité de leur rendement suscite des inquiétudes croissantes. Les auteurs utilisent un nouveau jeu de données administratives couplées couvrant l'ensemble des étudiants diplômés d'une université australienne entre 2005 et 2011 pour comparer, sur dix ans, la trajectoire professionnelle de publics défavorisés à l'aune de différents critères (position socio‐économique, origine ethnique, lieu de résidence, migration, incapacité) à celle de leurs homologues favorisés. Ils constatent une grande hétérogénéité des trajectoires en termes de revenu et de perception de prestations sociales. Ces résultats ont d'importantes implications pour les politiques visant à améliorer l'équité sociale sur le marché du travail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the global trend towards both middle- and working-class families raising their children intensively increases, social class differences in parenting beliefs and choices for their children have become more subtle. In light of the proliferation of intensive parenting norms, however, few studies have explored particular mechanisms underlying the subtle class differences linked to parental values. Drawing on in-depth interviews of 51 Hong Kong Chinese parents, this study investigated how parents contended with competing values in socialization, which in turn shaped their parenting choices. Three common values emerged from the interviews – academic excellence, hard work and happiness – showing that the middle and working classes managed their values for children in two different ways, termed here as 'values coupling' and 'values juggling', respectively. Middle-class parents were able to make their value choices cohesive through a 'twist' to reconcile between competing values. However, working-class parents were inclined to 'drift' their value choices in the face of unreconciled value tensions as well as structural constraints. Subtle differences in parental values were found to be tied to class position, and contributed to maintaining class inequality and social reproduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

African and African diaspora scholars have made key contributions to contemporary understandings of inequality, intersectionality, institutions and 'development'. A recent major contribution to this debate is offered by Franklin Obeng-Odoom's Property, Institutions and Social Stratification in Africa (Cambridge University Press, 2020). Drawing on a wide range of literatures, but especially from traditions of Black radical economic thought that span the United States, the Caribbean and Africa, the book calls for intersectional perspectives to be brought to bear on classical institutionalist and stratification economics traditions, in order to rethink 'development economics' as we know it. Obeng-Odoom utilises these traditions to make sense of persistent and increasing intra- and inter-group inequalities in Africa and between Africa and the world, showing how classed, raced and gendered identities shape diverse political and economic experiences, including the access to property or employment opportunities. At the same time, Black wo*men economists and wo*men economists of Colour have made notable contributions to the themes addressed by Obeng-Odoom's book – an archive that deserves deep attention. Gathering a collective of feminist economists from and beyond Africa (Abena D. Oduro, Tanita J. Lewis, Lebohang Liepollo Pheko, Sara Stevano, Ingrid Kvangraven), this symposium paper develops a conversation around the themes of intersectionality and social stratification in Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Cette contribution est une revue narrative de littérature issue d’une synthèse de médiation scientifique sur les inégalités numériques en éducation, dont l’objectif est de (1) prolonger notre synthèse par les questions suivantes : quels chantiers pour la recherche ? Quels concepts heuristiques ? Quelles pistes pour la pratique ? (2) réfléchir aux liens entre la recherche et la médiation scientifiques. Notre ancrage théorique est à la croisée de l’approche sociocritique des usages numériques éducatifs, de la didactique et de la médiation scientifique. Notre corpus, dont les critères d’inclusion sont explicités, est constitué de 80 études issues de travaux européens et nord-américains publiés entre 2002 et 2022. Cette étude permet de mettre au jour, en réponse à nos questions : des problématiques en chantier – une cartographie des inégalités d’usage chez les personnes enseignantes à compléter, des liens avec les parcours scolaires à préciser, des biais de conception à examiner, des notions désignant la participation (ou l’exclusion) aux environnements numériques à creuser –, ainsi que des concepts féconds d’un point de vue heuristique et, possiblement, pour la pratique, tels que le capital numérique et la littéracie.

Grâce aux données longitudinales sur la consommation des ménages collectées par l’INS de la RDC entre [2004/5 et 2012/13], et corrigées par Marivoet W De Herdt T et Ulimwengu J. (en avril 2018), la présente étude se propose de présenter une proposition d’analyse intégrée des changements les plus actuels en termes de bien-être et de pauvreté pour la RDC entre 2018 et 2022. Il s’agit plus précisément d’établir un profil dynamique de pauvreté pour la ville de Kinshasa en utilisant davantage les données primaires d’une enquête par questionnaire que nous avons réalisée pendant une période de 42 mois, soit 13 mois avant et 29 mois après le confinement de Kinshasa et le desserrement des restrictions sanitaires de Covid-19, auprès de 258 ménages urbains dans des quartiers pauvres de la ville de Kinshasa. L’analyse univariée a abouti à plusieurs constatations significatives que les estimations multivariées en ont confirmées une forte incidence spatiale sur la consommation des ménages et révélées que la localisation influe sur le bien-être des ménages urbains. L’ensemble des résultats de cette étude suggère que c’est davantage sur des facteurs directement associés aux dépenses ou au revenu des ménages et à ceux relatifs au niveau d’instruction (soit du chef, soit du ménage dans sa globalité) que l’on devait souligner.

A Madana (Tchad), la pesanteur sociale condamne et place la femme dans une position de faiblesse à cause de sa féminité. Dans cette zone, la perception différenciée des rôles masculins et féminins est à la base de la répartition des tâches et de l’exercice du pouvoir. Ces rôles sociaux sont traduits à travers des stéréotypes qui en font les portraits imagés. En effet, les femmes de cette localité sous l’effet de la tradition et du système patrilinéaire subissent de violence à différents niveaux. Cette étude est fonction des outils méthodologiques articulant l’observation directe et les entretiens semi-directifs ayant été déterminants dans la collecte des données discursives. Relevant de la méthode qualitative, l’analyse des données a consisté à considérer l’analyse de contenu. Le structuro-fonctionnaliste de Parsons T. et Bales R. F. (1955) a permis d’appréhender la question genre dans la société de Madana. L’objectif de l’étude est d’analyser la marginalisation, la discrimination dont est victime la femme à Madana.

Copyright of Social Science Information is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Public policies regarding copyright and related rights affect a varied range of stakeholders with different views about intellectual property. The research literature mentions frequently two coalitions: one defending broader access to works and another focusing on the enforcement of intellectual property. Nonetheless, the reality is more complex than this division as both coalitions are heterogeneous. Users, authors, record labels, and digital services have often dissonant views and different opportunities in influencing government decision-making. This paper aims at bringing reflections upon the political mobilization of members from creative industries, as well as the power they hold in the debates about copyright law in Brazil. The goal is to identify the coalitions in this field, their political stances, and their opportunities to influence public decisions. Besides discussing the philosophy of intellectual property, I approach political theories related to lobbying and interest groups, with a focus on its impacts on democracy. The methodology refers to a case study in which I employed research techniques such as document research and discourse analysis. Through an analysis of speeches at the chamber of deputies, I identified the main groups and coalitions and the stances they defended. Then, I compared the claims they presented during public hearings to political outcomes. The goal is to analyze the stances or perspectives adopted by the members of parliament. Interviews with key stakeholders complemented this analysis. I discuss the relations between these agents and the State to evaluate which groups had more success in persuading government decisions. I argue that copyright and related rights are part of a field in which there are several political disputes, although some lawyers may insist that intellectual property is a "technical subject". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Collectivus. Revista de Ciencias Sociales is the property of Universidad del Atlantico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Management international / International Management / Gestiòn Internacional is the property of Management International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper explores inequities in the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRCC) grant amounts awarded to successful applicants in Canada’s universities. Specifically, the study seeks to discern whether ethnicity and gender matter for amounts of SSHRCC’s award decisions using compiled SSHRCC data and names of successful grant applicants to generate a large sample from 1998 to 2018. Although the importance of ethnicity along with gender and region, as well as institutional factors such as discipline and status of an applicant’s university are explored in relation to higher education institutions’ applicants, our focus is on effects of racialization on SSHRCC’s decisions. We find that several factors affect the amount of grants awarded and that racialized applicants, especially men, have tended to receive less funding than non-racialized applicants over this period. In addition, on the one hand, the grant amount for racialized minorities has decreased in recent years. On the other hand, racialized women applicants received higher grant amounts than their counterparts, and particularly in recent years. Conceptual, empirical, methodological, and policy implications of these findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Au Burkina, l’accès au préscolaire progresse et suscite des interrogations sur sa capacité à fournir une éducation de qualité pour tous. Notre étude de cas vise à décrire les sources des rapports sociaux inégalitaires de genre au préscolaire. Elle a permis grâce à une méthode qualitative, d’identifier les limites liées aux profils des monitrices, aux contenus des manuels, aux activités périscolaires et à l’environnement familial, et leur contribution à la construction des rapports sociaux inégalitaires entre filles et garçons au préscolaire. Des pistes d’actions sont suggérées pour donner plus de chance à une perspective d’égalité de droits avec la jeune génération.

Throughout the 2010s, a major focus of public policy and public policy debates was about understanding the sources of inequality and understanding the role of government in addressing income inequality. While progress has been made, significant gaps in inequality remain—gaps that go well beyond income inequality and that were emphasized throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. The experiences of the pandemic have served as a reminder that individuals in society have distinct experiences, and that attention to inequality and diversity needs to be seriously incorporated into modernized policy frameworks. As governments commit to a fair recovery from COVID-19 amid a broad desire for a more just society, a more inclusive approach to policy analysis is required to address longstanding failures in the economy and society. Modernized policy frameworks need to be more representative of and attentive to the experiences and struggles of marginalized and underrepresented populations. Intersectionality is an analytical tool rooted in the social justice paradigm that makes clear the links between notions of identity and the systems of power through which they play out. Intersectionality considers the ways in which our identities are formed at the intersections of various social constructs, such as race, ability, class, and gender, and within broader contexts and structures of power, such as the labour market and government institutions. Fully integrating intersectionality into policy analysis could create a policy analysis structure that would advance policy agendas of diversity, inclusion, and equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using almost three decades of administrative matched employer-employee data from Statistics Canada's Longitudinal Worker File from 1991 to 2019, we analyze the evolution of earnings inequality between and within firms in Canada's commercial sector. An econometric model controlling for worker and firm fixed effects suggests increasing inequality which has been predominantly driven by average earnings disparities between firms and changing composition of workers between firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Issues in Ethnology Anthropology is the property of Issues in Ethnology Anthropology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Cuadernos de Historia del Derecho is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The first Moroccan woman to win the prestigious Prix Goncourt (in 2016, for Chanson douce), Leïla Slimani is the darling of the French literary world, a poster-girl of Macron's France. But she is also accused of being a collabeurette, of pandering to white audiences and sensibilities. Chanson douce reveals the true cost of bobo (bourgeois-bohemian) life amongst the metropolitan elite. Exploring the pressures of gendered labour, compounded by economic and social stratification, Slimani holds up a mirror to French society, directly challenging any postfeminist claim that gender equality has been achieved. However, whilst racial – or at least linguistic, national and religious – difference is visible in the text, its presentation is dubious. In this article, I argue that postfeminist logic converges with the colour-blind universalism of France. I suggest that Slimani subsumes discussions of racial difference into a polemic which privileges gender and class inequalities, ultimately seeing her capitulate to French Republican values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Working therapeutically in the United Kingdom, means working with individuals made homeless by a housing crisis created by economics and policy decisions. Negative effects are often experienced by the most vulnerable with subsequent injustices concealed by those at the top; this has been conceptualised as a structural violence. Whilst the mental health of homeless single mothers and their children is disproportionately affected, research on structural inequality is minimal and neglects lived experience. Semi-structured interviews with 12 single mothers living in temporary accommodation in London were analysed using Thematic Analysis. Four main themes emerged: 'Neglect and abuse within a powerful, unjust system', 'Futility, entrapment and cycles of suffering', 'Mothering against the odds', and 'Surviving and resisting in the face of adversity'. Results highlighted the distress temporary accommodation created for mothers and children. Despite this, love and care were evident within mother-child relationships. Through individual and collective action, mothers strove to resist the sources of their distress, even whilst facing adversity and stigma, providing insight for therapists on the operation of structural violence. Social action psychotherapy provides a collective approach addressing experiences of stigma and material inequalities where professionals can acknowledge the reality of oppression and stand in solidarity to resist it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of European Journal of Sociology is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

L’enseignement primaire au Maroc se caractérise par une stratification de leurs élèves : d’abord, en fonction des caractéristiques sociaux économiques et culturelles, notamment, l’emploi et l’éducation des parents, ensuite, en fonction de l’offre scolaire diversifiée. En effet, les élèves issus des couches sociales modestes ou démunies n’ont pas objectivement les mêmes chances d’accès à des établissements offrant des conditions d’enseignement favorables. Ils sont, condamnés non seulement par leur origine sociale mais aussi et surtout par un système éducatif vacillant qui facilite le traitement inégalitaire et le développement d’une école marginalisée pour les enfants issus des familles démunies. Les disparités socioéconomiques des familles d’élèves et la dualité du secteur d’enseignement se combinent très probablement pour expliquer la stratification scolaire des élèves au Maroc. Ce texte analyse la manifestation de cette double dualité dans le cycle de l’enseignement primaire à travers l’analyse de la répartition des élèves en fonction des types d’écoles et de leur localité en montrant à quel point, la ségrégation des élèves est très marquée, que ce soit à cause du lieu de résidence, de facteurs économiques ou de la sélection dans le système scolaire.

The COVID-19 pandemic has upended how we live and work. In Canada, the gender gap in employment among parents with young children widened substantially during the pandemic. Previous studies, however, examine parents in Canada without distinguishing them by immigrant status, although immigrant versus Canadian-born parents may have distinct work-family experiences. In this study, we investigate how the intersection of parental and immigrant statuses influenced change in gender employment gaps during the pandemic. Drawing on Labor Force Survey (LFS) microdata from March 2019 to February 2021, we examine the probability of employment by gender, parental status, and immigrant status. When comparing the school closure period (March to August 2020) relative to the same months in 2019 (pre-pandemic), immigrant women, irrespective of parental status, witnessed larger declines in employment than their male counterparts and non-immigrants, and the gender gap widened the most among recent immigrants with school-aged children. When schools gradually reopened (September 2020 to February 2021), employment recovered faster for recent than established immigrant mothers. Overall, our findings show that among parents of young children, the growing gender gap in employment during the pandemic was concentrated among immigrants, with immigrant mothers disproportionately disadvantaged. This study illuminates how the pandemic exacerbated intersectional inequalities based on gender, parenthood, and immigrant status. La pandémie de COVID-19 a bouleversé notre façon de vivre et de travailler. Au Canada, le fossé entre les sexes en matière d'emploi chez les parents de jeunes enfants s'est considérablement enforcé pendant la pandémie. Les études antérieures, cependant, examinent les parents au Canada sans distinction de leur statut d'immigrant, bien que les parents immigrants et les parents nés au Canada puissent avoir des expériences travail-famille différentes. Dans cette étude, nous examinons comment le croisement des statuts de parent et d'immigrant a influencé l'évolution des écarts d'emploi entre les sexes pendant la pandémie. En nous servant des micro-données de l'enquête sur la main-d'œuvre (EMŒ) de mars 2019 à février 2021, nous examinons la probabilité d'emploi selon le sexe, le statut parental et le statut d'immigrant. Si l'on compare la période de fermeture des écoles (mars à août 2020) aux mêmes mois de 2019 (avant la pandémie), les femmes immigrées, quel que soit leur statut parental, ont connu des baisses d'emploi plus importantes que leurs homologues masculins et que les non-immigrants, et le fossé entre les sexes s'est le plus creusé chez les immigrants récents ayant des enfants d'âge scolaire. Lorsque les écoles ont progressivement rouvert (de septembre 2020 à février 2021), l'emploi s'est rétabli plus rapidement pour les mères récemment immigrées que pour celles établies. Dans l'ensemble, nos résultats montrent que, parmi les parents de jeunes enfants, l'écart croissant entre les sexes en matière d'emploi pendant la pandémie était concentré parmi les immigrants, les mères immigrantes étant désavantagées de manière disproportionnée. Cette étude met en lumière la façon dont la pandémie a exacerbé les inégalités intersectionnelles fondées sur le sexe, la parentalité et le statut d'immigrant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic increased uncertainty, leading to questions about how it spread, how long it would last, and its long-term effects. In academia, many scholars worried about their positions and career advancement. Our research focuses on how different groups within academia coped during the initial period of the pandemic, with particular attention paid to the role of anxiety. We argue that vulnerable groups, such as historically excluded individuals, graduate students, and women, felt even higher levels of anxiety. We use original survey data collected from international relations and political science scholars during May 2020. We content analyze open-ended responses to illustrate the impacts of the pandemic on our participants' work life, including research productivity, the job market, promotion, and tenure. These analyses reveal not only what different groups of scholars are concerned about, but also the different ways in which they discuss the pandemic. Our research aims to highlight the social and mental health effects of the pandemic, with an eye toward addressing inequalities in academia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The cross-country relationship of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case and death rates with previously measured income inequality and poverty in the pandemic's first wave is studied, controlling for other underlying factors, in a worldwide sample of countries. If the estimated associations are interpreted as causal, the Gini coefficient for income has a significant positive effect on both cases and deaths per capita in regressions using the full sample and for cases but not for deaths when Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and non-OECD sub-samples are treated separately. The Gini coefficient for wealth has a significant positive effect on cases, but not on deaths, in both sub-samples and in the full sample. Poverty generally has weak positive effects in the full and non-OECD samples, but a relative poverty measure has a strong positive effect on cases in the OECD sample. Analysis of the gap between COVID-19 first-wave cases and deaths per capita in Canada and the higher rates in the United States indicates that 37 percent of the cases gap and 28 percent of the deaths gap could be attributed to the higher-income Gini in the United States according to the full-sample regressions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L'objectif de cette étude est d'explorer les perspectives judiciaires sur la condamnation des mineurs délinquants toxicomanes. Afin de comprendre les perspectives du système judiciaire, il est important, puisque l'objet de cette étude est l'Indonésie, d'explorer ces perspectives en fonction des conditions sociales dans lesquelles elles se trouvent. La conception méthodologique s'appuie sur des méthodes qualitatives afin d'entreprendre des analyses aux niveaux micro et méso. Les juges perçoivent les infractions liées à la drogue comme une préoccupation mondiale et comme étant graves. Les juges se sentent contraints dans leurs condamnations par les mises en accusation des procureurs, la procédure d'appel, les évaluations médicales et la disponibilité des installations de traitement. La réhabilitation des mineurs délinquants toxicomanes est considérée comme étant dans l'intérêt des juges et de la société.

La succession des inégalités dans le Monde, depuis le XIXème jusqu’à nos jours, ainsi que l’incapacité des théories conventionnelles à proposer des instruments pour y remédier nous ont poussé, à travers cet article, à aller vers l’étude d’un instrument qui a pour finalité l’atteinte de la justice et l’équilibre socioéconomique. Cet article a pour but, d’une part, d’analyser l’évolution mondiale des inégalités et, d’une autre part, de proposer l’institutionnalisation de la Zakat comme moyen de réduction des inégalités socioéconomiques et de lutte contre la pauvreté. Le cadre théorique de cette recherche s’articule autour de l’étude des fondements et impacts socioéconomiques de la Zakat, qui représente l’un des principaux instruments de répartition des richesses en économie islamique. L’élaboration de cette recherche nous a permis de déduire que la bonne gouvernance de la Zakat, à travers son institutionnalisation, contribuera fortement à la réduction de la pauvreté et des inégalités socioéconomiques des pays en voie de développement.

This article responds to the call to alter current economic and social systems in light of COVID-19 by documenting initial efforts by a community-university partnership to build an inclusive economy. First, the effects of neoliberalism and oil extraction are examined to highlight the inequality that existed in Alberta long before the pandemic began. The paper then outlines four key areas of change: employment and training; social procurement and community benefits agreements; living wages; and basic income. It concludes with some initial learnings that may have resonance for others attempting to stimulate economic practices that distribute wealth more equitably. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Résumé: L'auteur utilise des méthodes de décomposition pour estimer le poids respectif d'une série de facteurs dans les disparités salariales au sein du groupe des salariés réguliers en Inde sur la période 1993‐2012. Il distingue aussi le rôle des caractéristiques elles‐měmes de celui de leur rendement dans l'écart et son évolution. Si la détention d'un diplôme du supérieur joue un rôle prépondérant, certains facteurs institutionnels (affiliation syndicale, emploi dans le secteur public) sont également déterminants. Pour expliquer les inégalités, on ne peut donc pas se contenter d'analyser les facteurs démographiques et techniques. Il faut aussi considérer les caractéristiques institutionnelles de l'économie. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy poverty is widely recognized as a problem that affects millions of households globally. Particularly in the 'Global North' context, research into this phenomenon has tended to treat households as monolithic units, with little investigation into whether and how energy poverty is differentially experienced within homes. We address this research lacuna by scrutinizing the gender dimensions of domestic energy use and deprivation. Drawing on extensive qualitative research in Poland, Greece and Czechia, we identify two ways in which energy poverty is differentially experienced along gender lines: household practices of responding to and resisting energy poverty, and the emotional labour of living with energy poverty. We also demonstrate how the negotiation of domestic energy deprivation can unveil not only gendered vulnerabilities, but also agency and emancipatory mechanisms. The paper thus provides insights that set an agenda for further research on gendered energy injustices beyond a simplistic, dichotomized victimization discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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