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Background: Stressful life events (SLEs), impulsivity, aggression, and hostility are known risk factors for suicide. The existence of an "I-A-H Triad" (composed of impulsiveness, aggressiveness and hostility) is proposed as a mediating factor between SLEs and suicide. Method: Data on 399 deceased people (274 from suicide, 125 from other causes) were collected through psychological autopsy. The Paul Ramsey Life Experience Scale (to collect SLE history), the Barrat Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11) and the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory (BDHI) were applied, using versions adapted for psychological autopsy. Results: Comparative analysis of the two groups showed significant differences in the variables of interest (SLE: t = 7.280; BDHI: t = 4.201; BIS-11: t = 3.812; I-A-H Triad: t = 4.84). Mediation analysis confirmed the role of the I-A-H Triad in mediation of the presence of SLEs and the type of death. Conclusions: High levels of impulsivity, aggression, and hostility increase the risk of suicide when a person is faced with SLEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aim: obesity is a very important problem in individuals with bipolar disorder. The study was aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity in individuals with bipolar disorder and to evaluate the effects of factors affecting eating behavior such as mindful eating, impulsivity and eating disorders on the development of obesity in these individuals. Methods: this study is a cross-sectional study. A total of 109 individuals (52 female; 57 male) with bipolar disorder who were in a euthymic state at the time of the interview and underwent outpatient follow-up, treatment and monitorization, and 109 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals as the control group were included in the study. The Mindful Eating Questionnaire-30 (MEQ-30), Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-21), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale 11-Short Form (BIS-11-SF), and Eating Attitude Test-26 (EAT-26) were used, and anthropometric measurements (height, bodyweight, etc.) were taken. Results: the obesity rate was 50.4 % among the cases and 24.8 % in the control group. Moreover, disinhibition (3.4 ± 0.93), emotional eating (3.5 ± 1.13), and mindfulness (2.6 ± 0.54) scores of individuals with BD were significantly lower than for healthy individuals (3.7 ± 0.82, 4.0 ± 0.93, 2.8 ± 0.55, respectively). The risk of obesity was 5.19 times higher in cases compared to the age- and gender-matched controls (OR = 5.19, 95 % CI (2.01-13.37), p = 0.001). The risk of obesity was 2.76 times higher in those with low mindful eating level (OR = 2.76, 95 % CI (1.07-5.47), p = 0.014) and 4.29 times higher in those using antipsyhotics/mood stabilizers (OR = 4.29, 95 % CI (1.12-12.24), p < 0.001). Conclusion: a comprehensive education program on mindful eating and healthy eating would be helpful in elucidating the mechanisms of the possible relationships between bipolar disorder-specific risk factors and mindful eating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The theory of moral disengagement has been useful in explaining disruptive social behavior in young people, showing differences between men and women. However, there are no studies regarding the association of psychological factors, as impulsivity, self-esteem, anxiety, and moral disengagement. Therefore, we analyzed gender differences and psychological predictors of moral disengagement mechanisms in young people. This was a quantitative, cross-sectional, comparative, and correlational study. Participants were 1,419 young people aged 16 to 30 years (M = 20.6, SD = 3.32) who answered the Mechanisms of Moral Disengagement Scale (mmds), the Barratt Impulsivity scale (bis-11), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (rses) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (bai). A Student's t-test showed that men had higher scores on moral disengagement mechanisms and self-esteem, and women had higher scores on anxiety. Moral disengagement mechanisms were found to be inversely correlated with self-esteem, but directly correlated with impulsivity and anxiety. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that self-contempt, impulsivity, anxiety, and gender had the strongest effects on predicting moral disengagement and mechanisms. These effects were similar for men and women. This study provides important information about the influence of psychological factors not explored in previous studies on the understanding of moral agency in young people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Adicciones is the property of Sociedad Cientifica Espanola de Estudios sobre el Alcohol and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study examined impulsivity in antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) in the context of criminal offending. Participants completed the Demographic, Criminal, and Institutional Behavior Interview, the International Personality Disorder Examination, the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised, and the Impulsive Behavior Scale, that the APD and OCPD groups can commit the same crimes (against people and against objects). The results revealed that ASPD and OCPD groups can commit the same crimes (against human and against objects), although they differ in terms of impulsivity [Negative Urgency (UN), Sensation Seeking (BS) and Positive Urgency (UP)], with the OCPD group scoring lower on these dimensions. In the ASPD group, those who had committed crimes against human scored higher in UN, BS and UP than those who had committed crimes against objects. In the OCPD group, those who had committed crimes against human scored higher on UN and lower on BS and UP than those who had committed crimes against objects. The importance of analyzing personality disorder profiles for a better understanding of criminal behavior is emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compulsive buying is a phenomenon that involves dysfunctional shopping behaviors together with a continuous concern about buying and problems derived from said behaviour that impact different aspects of daily life. This study aims to analyse some of the psychological factors related to compulsive buying both online and offline, such as anxiety and impulsivity. 202 Volunteers from both sexes between the ages 18 and 69 participated in the study. A questionnaire was designed based on the Barrat Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11, 1995), the Bergen Shopping Adicction Scale (BSAS, 2015) and the State-Trait Anxiety Questionnaire (STAI, 1983). It was verified that the most impulsive and anxious individuals tend to perform more behaviors related to compulsive buying. No differences in compulsive buying based on age were found. It is interesting to delve into the implications derived from dysfunctional purchasing behaviors and the psychosocial implications of such practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research was to describe the effect of depression, hopelessness, and impulsivity on orientation to suicide and the role of impulsivity as a mediator of suicidal orientation in university students with a history of selfinjury behaviors. 1645 young people between 18 and 29 years old participated, from two Colombian cities. 218 young people were selected (M= 21.00; SD= 2.99) who reported at least one suicide attempt in the last year, who answered the "Suicidal Orientation Inventory", the "Beck Hopelessness Scale", the "Beck Depression Inventory" and the "Barratt Impulsivity Scale". Depression, hopelessness, and impulsivity explained 63% of the variation in suicidal orientation (R2= .635, IC 95% [.555, .713], p=.001). Impulsivity mediated with depression in those cases in which suicidal orientation was high, whose total, direct and indirect effects were statistically significant (p< .001). Impulsivity plays a mediating role between depression and hopelessness in predicting suicidal orientation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cognitive disinhibition underpins alcohol and drug use problems. Although higher-risk substance use is consistently associated with poorer disinhibition, current findings may be limited by narrow recruitment methods, which over-represent individuals engaged in traditional treatment services with more severe presentations. We embedded a novel gamified disinhibition task (the Cognitive Impulsivity Suite; CIS) in a national online addiction support service (https://www.counsellingonline.org.au/). Method: Participants aged 18 to 64 (N = 137; 109 women) completed the Alcohol-Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT) along with the CIS, which measures three aspects of disinhibition (Attentional Control, Information-Sampling, and Feedback Monitoring/Shifting). The majority of the sample comprised people with alcohol use, and AUDIT scores were differentiated into 'higher-risk' or 'lower-risk' groups using latent-class analysis. These classes were then regressed against CIS performance measures. Results: Compared to lower-risk, higher-risk alcohol use was associated with poorer attentional control and feedback monitoring/shifting. While higher-risk alcohol use was associated with slower information accumulation, this was only observed for older adults, who appeared to compensate with a more conservative response criterion. Conclusions: Our results reveal novel relationships between higher-risk alcohol use and specific aspects of disinhibition in participants who sought online addiction help services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tesla Revista Científica is the property of Puerto Madero Editorial Academica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Loot boxes (LBs) are virtual objects that players open without knowing the value of the item they will obtain. Because of their features, studies have explored their association with gambling, finding commonalities. However, risk factors have been overlooked. This study examined risk factors associated with gambling as applied to LBs (gambling in the past year, having family/friends who use LBs/gamble, trait impulsivity, and sensation-seeking). Method: 253 participants (82.2% men) with a mean age of 28 years (SD = 12.11)--in three groups: gamblers (n = 89), LB purchasers (n = 63), and free-LB openers (n = 101)--completed a self-report. Results: Having family/friends who used LBs was related to increased engagement in opening LBs at no cost. However, having gambled in the past year or having family/friends who used LBs or who gambled was not associated with increased purchasing. Gamblers, LB purchasers, and LB openers scored equally highly on impulsivity and sensation-seeking. Because some gamblers used LBs, and LB purchasers also opened free-LBs, further analyses were performed to control for the effects of overlapping groups. Loot boxers had higher scores in sensation-seeking than gamblers. Conclusions: The results can contribute to the development of prevention and intervention strategies for LB users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Specifically to the military fields, the differences in the performance achieved during the combat in troops are due to psychological factors. Nowadays it is undeniable that psychological variables can make a major difference in military performance and influence the results of a war. Decision-making is very important in this area, since it is necessary in extreme stress situations. In critical situations, wrong military decisions can seriously affect the civilian population. The control of emotions in situations that generate high levels of stress and the presence of neuropsychological deficits (which would seriously impede the training of cadets) give rise to great limitations in their performance and in their performance in the field and in the classroom. This would generate high impact professional errors for decisions in a war. In this work, we carried out an evaluation of 80 participants (60 % women), of which 40 were students of the military career and 40 students from the general population of the Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. The groups were homogenized by age, sex and studies level. Both groups of participants were evaluated to find out their levels of compulsive urgency, sensation seeking and impulsivity. They are then asked to perform neuropsychological tests to estimate their attentional abilities, executive control, verbal and non-verbal fluency, and risky versus safe decision-making style. The presence of symptoms associated with Post-traumatic Stress Disorder has also been evaluated, especially in the population of war veterans. The inclusion criteria for the sample implied that the participants were not: psychologists or psychology students; patients taking psychiatric medication or had a psychopathological disorder; subjects who have experienced repeated seizures or absences or have been diagnosed with epilepsy; people who have suffered a coma, stroke, or head injury with loss of consciousness or confusion for more than 30 minutes; subjects with uncompensated hearing or visual deficit, or diagnosed with a neurological disease, uncontrolled hypo or hyperthyroidism or chronic drug use. The criteria also required that the individuals be in good condition to perform the task at the time of the encounters, excluding subjects with clear signs of fever, pain, depression, or anxiety. Two studies were carried out with the two groups of participants: on the one hand, the influence of three subtypes of impulsivity on performance in the neuropsychological assessment and the decision-making process was analyzed; secondly, the profiles of cadets and civilians were compared. Military students were noted for speed of processing on repetitive tasks as well as lower risk-taking. On the other hand, they made more mistakes and had less flow for novel responses. In conclusion, Cadetes were better in two areas than civilians their age. Firstly, in the speed of information processing and secondly, due to greater caution when taking risks. However, it is noteworthy that, although the former emitted quicker responses, it was attentively more difficult for them to inhibit distracting stimuli compared to civilians. This point could indicate that staff training places a lot of emphasis on response speed without training response accuracy. It is concluded that military training favored certain valuable aspects for military practice but that areas related to flexibility and reflection in ambiguous situations still need to be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The objective of this work is the creation of specific indices of the different executive functions (EF), which allow a more complete understanding of the executive performance associated with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and not through isolated tests. Methodology: 118 patients with BPD and 81 controls were evaluated with a neuropsychological battery. Three indices of attention, memory and FE were created. The tests that make up the executive domain were grouped into four different executive indices: cognitive flexibility, planning, working memory, and response inhibition. The batteries for each domain were compared through the standardized batteries of the tests that comprised them. Results: The results showed differences in the memory, attention, and EF indices, as well as in the different executive indices of cognitive flexibility, planning, working memory, and response inhibition, between BPD patients and controls. Conclusions: This study has allowed the creation of four executive indexes, being the first to do so. These results established a neurocognitive profile of BPD characterized by executive-specific impairment of cognitive flexibility, planning, working memory, and response inhibition. These findings support that patients with BPD will benefit from the application of neuropsychological programs, especially focused on improving a certain EF, and lay the foundations for the investigation of the relationship between these specific executive deficits and certain clinical characteristics of BPD, such as different types of Impulsive behavior and different mentalization errors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to categorize perpetrator's aggression as reactive or proactive regarding intimate partner violence and explore the relationship with relevant variables. Victim statements in police reports of 60 predominantly Hispanic male adult perpetrators on probation in South Texas were rated, categorizing statements as reactive or proactive. It was hypothesized that more men would display reactive aggression and it would be associated with severe violence, emotion regulation difficulties, state anger, and impulsivity. The study further suggested that emotion regulation, state anger, and impulsivity would moderate the relationship between severity of violence and reactive/proactive classification, and impulsivity would mediate the relationship between state anger and reactive/proactive classification. Results showed 79% of perpetrators using reactive aggression and 21% using proactive aggression. Men with reactive aggression exhibited more severe violence, emotion regulation difficulties, impulsivity, and state anger. There were no moderation effects of study variables on severity of violence and reactive/proactive classification. Impulsivity fully mediated the relationship between state anger and reactive/proactive classification. Our results support approaches that emphasize reactive aggression in intimate partner violence perpetration due to its frequency and potential recidivism effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue describir la tasa de descuento sexual y evaluar la relación entre el autorreporte de Conductas Sexuales Arriesgadas (CSA) y el descuento sexual en una muestra de adultos jóvenes en Colombia. Para esto, se realizó una investigación no experimental de corte transversal y correlacional. 139 participantes fueron sometidos a un cuestionario de Autorreporte de Conductas de Riesgo Sexual, la Tarea de Descuento Sexual (SDDT) y el Cuestionario de Elección Monetaria (MCQ). Los análisis de la curva de descuento sexual demuestran que el valor de la opción de tener sexo seguro disminuye con el incremento en la demora en la obtención de un condón (i.e. descuento sexual). Adicionalmente, se observa que el grado de descuento sexual está asociado con CSA, como el número de parejas sexuales y el número de relaciones sexuales en los últimos 3 meses y que hay una diferencia en el patrón de descuento sexual entre hombres y mujeres.

The UPPS-P scale is widely used to assess impulsivity. For this reason, the psychometric properties of the extensive version of UPPS-P were analyzed from the Rasch polytomous model. Eight hundred Argentine adolescents aged 12 to 18 years participated in the study. As a result, it was found that the dimensions of the UPPS-P presented an adequate fit to the Rasch model, adequate levels in the Person Separation Index (PSI), some items with local dependence and an adequate level of unidimensionality. It is concluded that the scale is a valid instrument to assess impulsivity in adolescents; therefore, a conversion table with interval scores is presented to increase the measurement precision of the instrument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes and compares the levels of self-control and impulsivity, key aspects of self-regulation, in three age groups to evaluate possible differences due to age; and at two times: September 2019 (n=190), a normal period, and September 2020 (n=199), a period with lockdown during the pandemic. It was found that self-control increases, and impulsivity decreases with increasing age. Also, improvidence impulsivity was higher during the pandemic, while compulsive urgency and self-control were lower than in 2019. In short, age is a relevant factor in explaining differences in self-regulation, and the COVID-19 restrictions led to a depletion of self-control and greater impulsivity in times of stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista de Psicología (Santiago) is the property of Universidad de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Avances en Psicología is the property of Universidad Femenina del Sagrado Corazon and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Psychological time is an essential aspect of humans. Two of the most important notions of subjective temporality are time perspective and temporal focus. Time perspective is a process by which the flow of personal and social experiences are framed in five different temporal categories: past negative, past positive, present hedonistic, present fatalistic and future. Temporal focus refers to the attention people devote to thinking about the past, present, and future. Previous research shows there is a strong relation between psychological time and self-regulatory processes, specifically self-control and impulsivity. Self-control is the ability to inhibit impulsive behaviors or reactions that can keep the person from pursuing the proposed goals. On the other hand, impulsivity refers to a short attention span and a tendency to engage in risky behaviors, and to prefer immediate rewards. Both subjective temporality and self-regulatory processes influence behaviors and psychological states such as psychological distress. In particular, the objective of this study was to find out if subjective temporality --time perspective and temporal focus-- and self-control and impulsivity have repercussions on psychological distress, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, in an Argentinian sample. The theoretical conjecture is that subjective temporality is closely linked to self-regulation, which influences the development of impulsivity and self-control, and impacts psychological distress. A quantitative, non-experimental, and cross-sectional empirical study was carried out (N = 279; 78 % women; ME = 30.14 years old; SD = 11.21). Firstly, the results of the correlational analysis showed significant relations between the variables. Then, to facilitate further analyses, an index variable of self-control was created, which included the scores of self-control and three dimensions of impulsivity. An optimal parallel analysis was performed. It indicated the existence of a single dimension. Then a semi-confirmatory factor analysis was ran, which showed acceptable results (KMO = .68; X² (6) = 198.8, p < .001; GFI = .99; RMSR = 0.03). Thirdly, to determine the predictive variables of psychological distress, a multiple linear regression analysis was performed. It was found that 48 % of the variance of psychological distress was explained by negative past, self-control index, and future and present temporal focuses (F (4, 266) = 64.66, p < .001, R² = .49, R² adjusted = .48). The best predictor variable was past negative. Afterwards, a theoretical model was tested to explain the direct and indirect causes of psychological distress. It presented a good fit (X² /gl = 1.63; GFI = .99; RMSEA = .04). Time perspective and temporal focus explained 53 % of the variability of self-control and presented indirect effects on psychological distress through self-control. Self-control inversely influenced psychological distress; more self-control generates less psychological distress. The model explained half of the variance of psychological distress (R² = .50). The findings indicate that subjective temporality and self-control explain psychological states, even during a pandemic, which confirms previous studies that show the importance of personality variables --in addition to biological and contextual variables-- in the manifestation of psychological distress. The results support the theory that psychological time can be considered as a personality trait underlying self-control and psychological distress. A theoretical and practical discussion of the results is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. High comorbidity between borderline personality disorder (BPD) and eating disorders (ED) shows the necessity of developing transdiagnostic models, where impulsivity could play a relevant role in the manifestations of self-injurious behaviour. Objectives: 1) To compare the levels of impulsivity and self-injurious behaviour among people with BPD, people with ED and controls. 2) To predict the presence of self-injurious behaviour based on impulsivity and other relevant clinical variables, such as the experience of traumatic events and sensitivity to rejection. Methods. 108 women (23 controls; 29 with a diagnosis of restrictive ACT (rED); 21 with a diagnosis of purgative ACT (pED); and 35 with a diagnosis of BPD) were assessed using the Barratt Impulsivity Scale, the Traumatic Experiences Questionnaire and the Sensitivity to Rejection Questionnaire. Information about self-injurious behaviour was collected through interview and clinical history. Results. Differences in impulsivity and self-injurious behaviour scores were found between the groups, with higher impulsivity in the BPD and pED groups, and higher rates of self-injurious behaviour in the BPD group followed by both ED groups. On the other hand, impulsivity predicted suicide attempts, and together with sensitivity to interpersonal rejection predicted nonsuicidal self-harm (NSSH). Conclusion. Impulsivity is a dimensional variable in BPD and ED, which in turn plays a relevant role in the prediction of self-injurious behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista CES Psicologia is the property of Universidad CES and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La escala UPPS-P se utiliza ampliamente para valorar la impulsividad. Por este motivo, se analizaron las propiedades psicométricas de la versión extensa de la UPPS-P desde el modelo politómico de Rasch. Participaron del estudio 800 adolescentes argentinos con edades entre los 12 y los 18 años. Como resultado se encontró que las dimensiones de la UPPS-P presentaron un adecuado ajuste al modelo de Rasch, adecuados niveles en el índice de separación de las personas (PSI), algunos ítems con dependencia local y un adecuado nivel de unidimensionalidad. Se concluye que la escala es un instrumento válido para evaluar impulsividad en adolescentes por lo que se presenta una tabla de conversión con puntuaciones intervalares para aumentar la precisión de medida del instrumento.

En este artículo se describen y comparan los niveles del autocontrol y la impulsividad, aspectos clave de la autorregulación, en tres grupos de edad para evaluar las diferencias por edad; y en dos momentos: septiembre de 2019 (n=190), período normal, y en septiembre de 2020 (n=199), período con aislamiento durante la pandemia. Se encontró que el auto-control aumenta y la impulsividad disminuye conforme aumenta la edad. Además, que la impulsividad por imprevisión fue mayor durante la pandemia, mientras que la urgencia compulsiva y el autocontrol fueron menores que en 2019. En síntesis, la edad es un factor relevante para explicar las diferencias en autorregulación, y las restricciones por COVID-19 dieron lugar a un agotamiento del autocontrol y a mayor impulsividad en momentos de tensión.

Tanto en los trastornos de dependencia a sustancias (TDS), como en la migraña y cefalea por uso excesivo de medicaciones (CUEM), se implican mecanismos dopaminérgicos y opioides, así como alteraciones en el metabolismo de la corteza orbitofrontal. Si la CUEM y los TDS comparten una fisiopatología común, es de esperar que exista una asociación clínica entre estas entidades nosológicas. OBJETIVO. Determinar la asociación entre la CUEM y los TDS en una muestra de pacientes que consultaron a neurología general por cefalea diaria crónica. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS. Se realizó un estudio de corte observacional analítico transversal. Se tomó una muestra no probabilística, por conveniencia, que incluyó a todos los pacientes mayores de 18 años consecutivos que consultaron por cefalea diaria crónica (CDC) a un consultorio de neurología general entre octubre de 2007 y enero de 2009, a quienes luego de haber dado respuesta a un cuestionario se les hizo una entrevista clínica que indagó datos demográficos, consumo de analgésicos en los últimos tres meses, consumo de cafeína en forma de bebida caliente, dependencia a la nicotina y al alcohol, y antecedente familiar de consumo de alcohol. Los diagnósticos de CUEM y CDC se efectuaron atendiendo criterios de la IHS, y el de TDS según el DSM-IV. RESULTADOS. Un total de 129 pacientes presentaron CUEM y a otros 103 se les diagnosticó cefalea diaria crónica sin uso excesivo de medicaciones. Los grupos eran similares en relación con la edad, el género, el nivel de educación, el estrato socioeconómico y el índice de masa corporal. No hubo diferencias en las prevalencia de consumo de cafeína (49,6% vs. 47,5%; OR = 1,1; IC 95% 0,67-1,9); dependencia a la nicotina (3,1% vs. 1,0%; OR = 3,3 IC 95% 0,36-29,4); dependencia al alcohol (0% vs. 1,9%; OR = 0,98; IC 95% 0,95-1,0); y antecedente familiar de consumo de alcohol (45,7% vs. 43,7%; OR = 1,1; IC 95% 0,65-1,8) entre pacientes con CUEM y CDC sin uso excesivo de medicaciones. CONCLUSIONES. No hay asociación entre consumo de cafeína, dependencia a la nicotina, dependencia al alcohol e historia familiar de éste y la CUEM.

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria is the property of Asociacion Colombiana de Psiquiatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Científica de Ciencias de la Salud is the property of Revista Cientifica de Ciencias de la Salud and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Adicciones is the property of Sociedad Cientifica Espanola de Estudios sobre el Alcohol and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Psychology & Education / Revista de Psicología y Educación is the property of Revista de Psicologia de Educacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

En este estudio cuasi-experimental se ha puesto a prueba la efectividad de la terapia cognitivo-conductual apoyada en Realidad Virtual, con menores y jóvenes sujetos/as a una medida judicial de internamiento terapéutico que presentan problemas en el control de impulsos. La muestra constó de 93 menores que cumplían su medida judicial en 4 centros de ejecución de medidas judiciales españoles. De ellos/as, 45 recibieron terapia cognitivo-conductual apoyada en Realidad Virtual (Grupo Realidad Virtual), y los/as otros/as 48 recibieron terapia cognitivo-conductual tradicional (Grupo Control). El tratamiento constó de 10 sesiones individuales, de 90 minutos de duración cada una de ellas, con una periodicidad semanal. Según los resultados obtenidos, hubo una disminución significativa de la impulsividad tras la aplicación de la terapia con Realidad Virtual. Además, tras esta terapia las personas participantes también incrementaron su capacidad de concentración para la resolución de problemas, fueron capaces de expresar y comunicar mejor sus sentimientos y necesidades y disminuyeron de manera estadísticamente significativa el nivel de riesgo global de reincidencia. Por otra parte, no se observó una reducción estadísticamente significativa en la variable impulsividad, entre el pre-test y post-test del Grupo Control.

Este estudio examinó relaciones entre la autoeficacia, impulsividad, neuroticismo, extraversión, apertura e identidad institucional con el rendimiento académico en una muestra de 725 estudiantes de bachillerato del Instituto Politécnico Nacional en la Ciudad de México. Se especificó un análisis de senderos utilizando el neuroticismo, la extraversión, la apertura, la impulsividad y la autoeficacia como variables exógenas que presentan efectos directos sobre la identidad institucional y el promedio académico. También se probó el efecto mediador de la identidad institucional sobre el promedio académico para cada una de las variables exógenas. Nuestros resultados indicaron que los comportamientos de los participantes no pueden ser completamente explicados sin analizar los aspectos sociales en una institución. La identidad institucional provee un efecto aditivo sobre el promedio académico cuando media la autoeficacia y el neuroticismo, mientras que logra rectificar el efecto directo y detrimental de la extraversión sobre el promedio académico. Esta investigación expuso que la identidad institucional es un mediador a través del sentido de pertenencia, orgullo y prestigio experimentados por los estudiantes que ofrece un soporte para orientar, reflexionar, resolver problemas, alcanzar sus metas y ayuda a la predicción del rendimiento académico.

Copyright of Adicciones is the property of Sociedad Cientifica Espanola de Estudios sobre el Alcohol and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Impulsive behavior problems are powerful predictors of addiction treatment outcomes. However, a comprehensive assessment of these features has not been examined in relation to smoking cessation outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the capacity of impulsive behavior to predict the risk of relapse and the number of relapses for smokers. The sample comprised 141 participants (Mage= 47.3, SD= 8.31; 59% females) in psychopharmacology treatment for dependence to nicotine. Participants provided breath carbon monoxide samples for determining smoking throughout the study. The different impulsiveness dimensions were evaluated with a Go/NoGo task, the visual search and attention test and a delayed discount task, while self-informed impulsivity was assessed with Barratt’s Impulsiveness Scale. Unplanned impulsivity, attention failures and performance in the Go/NoGo task are postulated among the individual factors related to the number of relapses. Our results contribute to the understanding of relapse components and enable the inference of assiduity by quantifying relapse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Fides et Ratio is the property of Universidad La Salle de Bolivia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder of childhood, characterized by distractibility, disinhibition, impulsivity and hyperactivity, which if not detected in the child's age, it can prevail adolescence and adulthood, where clinical characteristics of impulsivity and inattention are more frequent, since hyperactivity decreases with age. This disorder presents multiple comorbidities, among the most important is the use of substance, starting at an early age and that is perpetuated throughout the life of the individual, reaching a significant impact causing dysfunction in multiple areas where the individual develops. Once it detected this common dual pathology is necessary to initiate a multidisciplinary treatment where there should be a pharmacological treatment that associated with cognitive behavioral therapy reinsert the patient into adequate global functionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar los efectos de factores psicológicos (ansiedad, regulación emocional deficiente, impulsividad y perfeccionismo desadaptativo) sobre la alimentación emocional y la composición corporal de estudiantes universitarios a través de un modelo empírico. Participaron 584 jóvenes (X̅ = 19.92, DE = 3.93), quienes completaron una encuesta sociodemográfica, una batería de pruebas psicológicas para medir la alimentación emocional y el resto de variables mencionadas; además, se obtuvo el índice de masa corporal y el porcentaje de grasa con un estadímetro y analizador por bioimpedancia. De acuerdo con los hallazgos, se comprobó el rol mediador de la alimentación emocional entre los factores psicológicos y la composición corporal (χ2 = 37.38, g.l = 26 [p > .05], NFI, TLI, CFI y GFI ≥ 0.95, SRMR = .03 y RMSEA < .06; β = .23, p < .05). Específicamente, la impulsividad (β = .56, p < .05) mostró un efecto destacado sobre una mayor alimentación emocional. Se evidencia la pertinencia de entrenar a los jóvenes en habilidades de gestión de impulsos y regulación emocional, con la finalidad de reducir el uso de la alimentación como estrategia de afrontamiento.

The present study analyzed, in a sample of Argentinian college students, the mediational role of marijuana expectancies in the relationship between impulsivity, frequency of marijuana use and related negative consequences. A sample of 353 college students (M age= 22.32; SD = 2.81) who had been using marijuana during the last year participated in the study. We assessed trait-like impulsivity (UPPS-P scale), marijuana expectancies (positive and negative), frequency of marijuana use during the last year and experienced negative consequences. Results support the acquired preparedness model. Positive marijuana expectancies mediated the effect of sensation seeking on frequency of marijuana use and negative consequences. Additionally, a higher level of positive urgency was associated with a higher number of negative marijuana expectancies that in turn was associated with a lower frequency of use and, like that, a lower number of negative consequences. The results may be useful for the development of preventive strategies targeting college students with increased levels of impulsivity and marijuana expectancies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RESUMEN Introducción: Los comportamientos sexuales compulsivos (CSC) son definidos como las dificultades para controlar impulsos o conductas sexuales inapropiadas o excesivas. Estos generan malestar subjetivo o deterioro en el funcionamiento diario de la persona en forma de fantasías, excitación recurrente, impulsos o actividad no parafílica (Kraus el al., 2016). Pueden ejercer como mecanismo de regulación, tanto de emociones como de impulsos. El presente estudio analiza la relación entre estos factores de riesgo, el consumo de sustancias y los CSC en población joven-adulta (18 a 30 años). Método: La muestra recogida fue de 351 personas (66,1% mujeres, 33, 9% hombres). Para el análisis de los datos se utilizaron estadísticos descriptivos de comparación de medias (t de Student) y de correlación de variables (correlación de Pearson). Resultados: El grupo de hombres y personas homosexuales/bisexuales presentaron un mayor nivel de CSC. Además, se encontraron correlaciones significativas entre lo CSC, la falta de regulación emocional y la impulsividad y el consumo de alcohol/cannabis. Conclusiones: Este estudio sugiere la necesidad de seguir investigando acerca de los CSC y su etiología.

Decision making in extreme situations is a superior executive process involving many factors, impulse control, risk assessment and cognitive flexibility to shift attention to different aspects of a stimulus. Most studies of decision making in extreme situations are based on observing how experts perform various tasks in a natural environment in real time. In combat situations, crews from armored units carry out decision-making under complex conditions and high levels of stress. The objective of this work is to evaluate the variables that make up these superior executive processes to obtain a clear description of the expert profile required for combat tank crew positions and thus, to design training programs that improve these capabilities. Method: a study was carried out with a group of crews (n=23) and a control group (n=26). Each of them performed three neurocognitive computer tasks that assessed impulsivity, flexibility and risk assessment (Go/noGo, Iowa test and Switch task). Results: significant differences are shown in the measurement of omission errors in these trials (t=5.795; p<0.020). In the rest of measures, no differences were found between the two groups. Conclusions: according to these results, the Leopard 2E crew show more errors of omission, which seems to be related to a greater inhibitory control of their attack responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to explore the psychometric properties of the Impulsive Behavior Scale (UPPS-P) in its short version in a sample of Argentinean adults. Its factor structure and internal consistency were explored, as well as its convergent validity with experiential and rational thinking styles, along with psychopathy. At the same time, the relationship of impulsivity with narcissism and Machiavellianism was explored, controlling the scores in psychopathy. An intentional sample of Argentinean adults (N = 517) between 18 and 60 years old (54 % female, mean age 27) was selected. Participants responded on-line to this scale, a sociodemographic inventory, as well as to the Rational Experiential Inventory and the Dark Personality Scale. The results obtained were processed with the programs SPSS 23, Factor 8.10, and AMOS 16.0. The sample was randomly divided into two groups of n = 217 and n = 300. An exploratory factorial analysis was first performed on the first group, as a calibration study. After that, a confirmatory analysis was performed on the second group, as a replication study, since there are no previous studies on this subject in Argentina. A parallel analysis was first carried out with the Factor 8.10 program. A number of replications = 100 and percentile representation of simulations = .95 were used. Regarding the exploratory factor analysis, The Unweighted Least Squares method was used along with a Promin rotation. The final solution showed a structure of four factors: urgency, sensation seeking, lack of premeditation, and lack of perseverance, explaining 56 % of the variance. Each of these factors explained 16 %, 24 %, 10 %, and 6 % of the variance, respectively. The urgency factor included both the positive and negative urgency of the UPPS-P scale. The factor structure revealed is similar to the UPPS, a scale of impulsivity prior to the UPPS-P, made up of four factors. All items on the short scale were retained. Two items loaded better on a different factor. Cronbach's Alphas were adequate, ensuring internal consistency. Cronbach's a of the full scale was .79. Internal consistency was analyzed, resulting in Cronbach's a values of .76 for Emergency; .75 for Sensation Search; .69 for Lack of Premeditation, and .74 for Lack of Perseverance. The resulting Cronbach a values are similar to those of the Spanish version, which presented internal consistencies between .61 and .79. Subsequently, based on the factor structure found, confirmatory factor analysis was carried out on the second group sample. A relatively good fit was found for the model, with CFI and TLI values above .90 and the SRMR and RMSEA below .05. The authors' original model, which includes five factors, was also tested. The fit was less satisfactory compared to the previous model, because of the CFI, TLI, SRMR, and RMSEA indicators, and the difference in? from the models, which was statistically significant at the p < .001 level. Finally, a second-order model was tested with all four dimensions as first-order latent variables and impulsivity as second-order latent variables. The fit was relatively satisfactory, with CFI and TLI above .90 and SRMR and RMSEA below .05. Thus, the present adjustment revealed a secondorder factor, as did the English short version of the UPPS-P (Cyders et al., 2014). The scale revealed convergent validity with the scores of psychopathy and the Rational Experiential Inventory. Psychopathy resulted positively related to impulsivity. In turn, the correlations between the dimensions of impulsivity and those of the Rational Experiential Inventory were negative with the rational thinking style -excluding sensation seeking- and positive with the significant ones of the experiential style. Significant partial correlations were observed between machiavellianism and narcissism and different dimensions of impulsivity, controlling psychopathy scores. It is demonstrated that the impulsivity scale in its short version maintains adequate psychometric properties in a sample of Argentinean adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the high rate of young adults involved in traffic accidents, the aim of this study was to evaluate the relations among parenting styles, impulsiveness and driving behaviour in a sample of 292 young adults. Data was collected using the Parenting Style Inventory, the Driver Behaviour Questionnaire and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. The results showed a negative correlation (p <0.01) between positive maternal styles with traffic risk behaviour and a positive correlation (p <0.01) between impulsiveness and risk behaviour, with low inhibitory control showing interaction with negative parenting practices and statistically significant association (p = 0.04) with errors, lapses and traffic violations. Multiple linear regression models indicate that parenting styles and impulsivity are predictors of risk behaviour in drivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psocial is the property of Revista de Investigacion en Psicologia Social and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene por objeto evaluar la autoeficacia en la conducción, la impulsividad, y la relación entre ambas variables en conductores de automóviles de Buenos Aires. Adicionalmente se indagaron diferencias en los constructos según variables sociodemográficas –sexo, edad, nivel educativo- y viales –cantidad de siniestros e infracciones- en la muestra evaluada. El tipo de estudio realizado fue no experimental, descriptivo-correlacional, de diferencias entre grupos, y de corte transversal. Los datos fueron recogidos mediante un muestreo no probabilístico simple. Participaron 119 conductores (64.7% mujeres y 35.3% hombres), residentes de Buenos Aires, de entre 19 a 76 años de edad (M= 43.18; DE= 14.21). Se administraron las versiones localmente adaptadas de la Escala Autoeficacia para la Conducción y el Cuestionario de Urgencia, Búsqueda de Sensaciones e Impulsividad, así como también una encuesta sociodemográfica y de datos viales. Los resultados indican una asociación directa y significativa entre autoeficacia para la conducción y búsqueda de sensaciones, así como la existencia de diferencias significativas según sexo, edad, y nivel educativo en los niveles de autoeficacia e impulsividad.

Inhibitory control, the opposite of impulsivity, is the ability to control preponderant but counterproductive behaviors. Dogs are a suitable model to investigate it specifically regarding the behavioral aspects. There are two positions in the literature: one states that this capacity is a multidimensional construct and the other perspective considers it as a unitary concept. A large number of works indicating the absence of associations between various measures of inhibitory control provide evidence for the first perspective. Some studies that find correlations between different tests support the second. The objective was to review studies on inhibitory control in dogs that administer two or more measures of this capacity to the same subjects. It was carried out an Electronic Search and was applied the Snowball method. The results yielded 15 articles. Similar to that discovered in humans, the majority of correlations were no significant (83%, 44 of 53). Therefore, considering these data from the multi-dimensional standpoint, inhibitory control in dogs could be multi-factorial. Evidence is scarce and it is not yet possible to arrive at definitive conclusions.