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The periodization of history allows for a focused approach to research and education. The history of Western music is also divided into certain historical periods. In the context of Western music, the history of this discipline is also divided into specific historical periods. However, the transition between these periods can be difficult to define, as some composers lived during transitional times and it is not always clear whether their works should be considered classical or romantic, or if they contain elements of both styles. One of the first composers that come to mind in this regard is Franz Peter Schubert (1797-1828). Schubert's works contain elements of both the Classical and Romantic periods, as he incorporated many new forms and styles into his compositions. In this study, the literature on the Classical and Romantic dichotomy in Western music is consulted and Franz Schubert's Impromptus in C minor (D.899 No.1) is analyzed in terms of the Classical-Romantic dilemma. It is thought that the results will contribute to those interested in the theoretical, practical, and aesthetic aspects of music by providing a broader perspective in terms of music history and piano literature., Tarihin dönemlendirilmesi, araştırma ve eğitim açısından bazı kolaylıklar sağlamaktadır. Batı müziği tarihi de kendi içinde belirli tarihsel dönemlere ayrılır. Bazen dönemler birbirlerinin içine karışmakta ve sağlıklı bir dönemlendirme yapmak zorlaşmaktadır. Örneğin, geçiş dönemlerinde yaşamış kimi bestecilerin eserlerinin hangi döneme ait olduğunu saptamak, söz gelimi bu eserlerin klasik mi yoksa romantik mi olduğu ya da bestecinin hangi eserlerinin çağdaş ve hangisinin geleneksel üsluplara daha bağlı olduğu konusu güncelliğini korumaktadır. Bu konuya ilişkin akla gelen ilk bestecilerden biri Franz Peter Schubert (1797-1828)’tir. Schubert, eserlerinde pek çok yeni form ve stile yer vererek, Klasik ve Romantik dönemler arasında özel bir konuma sahip olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, Batı müziğinde Klasik ve Romantik ikilemini ele alan literatüre başvurulmuş ve örnek olarak Franz Schubert’in Do-minör Impromptu’su (D.899 No.1), Klasik-Romantik ikilemi açısından incelenmiştir. Ulaşılan sonuçların, müzik tarihi ve piyano literatürü bakımından daha geniş bir bakış açısı sunarak müziğin teorik, pratik ve estetik yönleriyle ilgilenenlere katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

In political communication, “blusukan” (impromptu visit) is called door to door campaign, in which candidates conduct face-to-face communication by visiting the people directly. This situation creates personal intimacy in the sense of there is no physical distance and formal protocolary distance. People can see the personality of their candidate leaders closely. This face-to-face communication meeting can be interpreted that the candidates "nguwongke" (humanizing), putting the people not onto the context of profit-loss-based rational relation (between the electorate and the elected), but putting them as partners inseparable from the successful candidate leader. This study is based on fieldwork in Surakarta during the mayor election, applied in-depth interviews with politicians. While in ancient times the leader conducted "blusukan" to know his people’s condition, “blusukan” during the campaign for Mayor Election is conducted to socialize or to introduce the couples to the people. Having known the candidates, people are expected to think of whether or not they will elect them.

This study investigated whether positive feedback from same-age peers can modify self-relevant cognitive processes of high socially anxious youth in a positive direction. Thirty-three high socially anxious and 32 non-socially anxious undergraduate students (17–22 years) gave an impromptu speech and received either positive or neutral feedback post-speech. Anticipatory processing (AP) was rated prior to the speech via self-report. One week later participants returned to the laboratory and completed questionnaires assessing post-event processing (PEP) thoughts related to the impromptu speech and AP about a future speech. For high socially anxious youth receiving positive feedback, AP about their speech performance significantly improved over time. In addition, high socially anxious participants who received positive feedback reported a higher frequency of positive PEP thoughts about their speech in the intervening week. These improvements did not occur in the neutral peer feedback condition. Non-socially anxious participants’ AP improved in both feedback conditions, whereas their frequency of PEP was unaffected by feedback. These findings suggest that, in high socially anxious youth, positive feedback from same-age peers can modify self-relevant cognitive processes in a positive direction. We discuss how methodological improvements could more thoroughly investigate the potential of positive peer feedback for changing cognitions.

Regardless of the profession, everyone should possess good communication skills in different contexts. Although scholars have contributed studies showing the communication anxieties and proficiencies of speakers to different languages, there are limited studies that deal with the educators’ context. To add contribution to this field, the researcher utilized a correlational research design to determine the relationship between the educators' oral communication skills and speaking anxiety. The study used the frameworks of Pontillas (2020) and McCroskey (1977). The researcher chose Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges as the locale of the study and utilized 25 teacher-participants from the different departments of the College. The participants underwent an impromptu speaking activity to determine their oral communication skills’ level. They filled out the Personal Report of Public Speaking Anxiety (PRPSA) test developed by McCroskey (1970) to assess their perceived speaking anxiety. The two variables' results were correlated using Pearson’s Moment of Correlation and found a significant correlation between the two variables. Environmental factors, personal experiences, and exposure were factors determined by the researcher affecting their speaking skills and anxiety. The researchers recommend that the institution should implement intervention programs for educators to improve their oral communication skills. Furthermore, Higher Education Institutions offering Education undergraduate programs should add additional communication courses to the curriculum.

The purpose of the study is to examine pre-service teachers' impromptu speaking skills on the basis of the evaluations of the instructor, peers and their own. The study employed a descriptive case study design, one of the qualitative research methods. A total of 23 pre-service math teachers taking the course of Art of Effective Speech in a state university in Turkey in the 2016-2017 academic year participated in the study. The data of the study were collected through the observations of the researcher and pre-service teachers. Descriptive analysis was used in the analysis of the data. As a result of the study, it was found that in most of the observation items, the pre-service teachers found themselves inadequate in terms of impromptu speaking skills while they were found to be adequate by their peers and instructor. In addition, it was revealed that the pre-service teachers found themselves inadequate in some items related to the use of voice while they found themselves adequate in most of the items related to articulation/diction and body language and in all of the items related to communication. However, while the instructor observed that the pre-service teachers were generally competent in all the sub-dimensions, she determined that they needed improvement in the sub-dimensions of eye contact, pausing at the appropriate place and speaking without repeating words.

This article investigates cohesion in the spoken and written registers of constrained language varieties to highlight the similarities and differences in the cohesion patterns of mediated (i.e., interpreted and translated) and non-native texts with respect to original texts produced by native speakers. In particular, it examines how different types of cohesive devices are distributed across spoken and written native, non-native, and mediated speeches originally delivered impromptu and read out at the plenary sessions of the European Parliament. The dataset comes from the European Translation and Interpreting Corpus (EPTIC) (Ferraresi and Bernardini 2019). The context provides a rare opportunity to examine the spoken and written registers of professional communication, both mono- and multilingual, in a relatively homogenous setting. First, in the exploratory analysis, I investigate the distribution of different types of cohesive devices across the investigated varieties drawing on mosaic plots and correspondence analysis. Thereafter, I make use of regression modelling of the overall frequency of cohesive devices across the examined varieties to evaluate the effect of constrainedness, mode of delivery, and individual variation. The results indicate that non-native and mediated texts do diverge from native production in the use of cohesive devices, but in different ways.

According to cognitive theories of social anxiety, fear of negative evaluation (FNE) may be the mechanism whereby social anxiety induces distress. However, studying this can be challenging, as individuals with social anxiety may be reluctant to enter anxiety-provoking social situations, such as speaking in front of others. The present study used virtual reality (VR) to examine if giving a presentation in front of a virtual audience induced distress among undergraduate students and to test the hypothesis that FNE would mediate the relationship between social anxiety and distress. University students (N = 58, 70% female) entered a VR environment where they stood in front of a virtual audience and gave a short, impromptu presentation about their university. Participants also completed self-report measures of social anxiety, FNE, and distress (estimated before, during, and after VR). Distress and FNE had positive relationships with social anxiety and FNE fully mediated the relationship between social anxiety and distress. As far as we are aware, this is the first VR study to show this effect. The findings indicate that FNE could be a useful treatment target to reduce distress when presenting in front of an audience, either in VR or in person.

Adequate management of intellectual property (IP) is critical to sustaining competitive advantage and managing outbound open innovation (OI), which describes the inside-out flows of knowledge and technology. This article presents an IP strategic framework comprising the following strategies: a ‘defensive’ strategy, aimed at avoiding knowledge spillovers and building barriers to competition; a ‘collaborative’ strategy, aimed at collaborating with other organizations and entering new markets; and an ‘impromptu’ strategy, which describes firms protecting their IP without a clear purpose. We investigate the relationships of such IP strategies with outbound OI and innovation performance in 158 Italian firms. Most of them declared an impromptu IP strategy. We found that not having any IP protection strategy can be a barrier to outbound OI and that firms with a defensive IP strategy embraced outbound OI more than those declaring a collaborative IP strategy. Finally, firms with collaborative IP strategies outperformed those with defensive strategies.

The issue on language and communication disorder of individuals with Down Syndrome becomes the focus of this study. It explores the disorder as a language phenomenon represented in movie. Where Hope Grows movie describes the character with Down Syndrome struggling in communicating with people in his workspace and independent livelihood. The result of this study shows that the utterances have dissimilarities with common people particularly in phonological terms such consonant clusters produced as a singleton, omitted word final consonant, target fricatives and affricates are produced as stops, and aspirated voiceless stops in initial position are de-aspirated. Moreover, there are also issues within the syntactical terms such simple infinitive clauses with equivalent subjects, infinitive clauses with different subjects, and quotes as full clauses. Further studies should cover more elaborative communication strategies of speakers with Down Syndrome in more impromptu and spontaneous speech contexts.

International audience; The impromptu closure of schools and universities and the strict lockdown decided by the French State in March 2020 forced us to find -urgently and without preparation- alternative solutions to conventional face-to-face teaching. Due to their experimental nature, the transposition of labs on pilot plants was particularly challenging. Despite this inherent difficulty, we succeeded in implementing a remote educational device within a few weeks, designed as a viable alternative to conventional food engineering labs for Master level students. Four engineering labs (corresponding to four unit operations widely found in the food industry) were transposed: appertization of cans; concentration in a falling film evaporator; frontal filtration in a plate filter; and spray drying. In the remote labs, hands-on experiments were replaced with various types of virtual tours of the equipment, a detailed description and illustration of its operation, and analysis of real data (previously collected). Evaluation was done via individual quizzes (counting for a small part of the mark, because their aim was above all formative), individual and collective written reports and an individual online oral exam. The teaching team comprised six lecturers, one pedagogical engineer and the person in charge of the technology platform, who also had long experience in distance learning. This experiment took place in the second half of May 2020, with approximately thirty first-year Master students. The effectiveness of the implemented system was evaluated through direct observation and discussions, marks obtained by the students and an anonymous survey. This teaching experiment presents certain flaws induced by the very peculiar conditions of its conception (short time frame, no direct access to the pilot plants). While an “all-digital” approach is not our ultimate aim for these lab sessions, where handling and testing are inherent to the learning process of the student, the educational resources deployed here can be seen as a great incentive to further develop hybrid teaching approaches in food engineering. Moreover, the educational resources and practices implemented in these exceptional circumstances are an opportunity to develop new teaching methods in the future. The present paper reports on this teaching experiment during lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic and tries to draw exciting lessons for the future and pitfalls to avoid.

This paper presents a new strategy for choosing an ideal way between the hubs for information transmission in portable impromptu organization for industrial automation on improving communication between sensors for defining materials. Portable impromptu organization is a brief, framework less organization that conveys in multi-jump way. Directing is a significant issue in versatile impromptu organizations. Regularly, directing convention may chooses the way between two hubs dependent on numerous measurements like separation between the hubs, bounces check, delay, trust esteems, leftover vitality, gotten signal quality and so forth. In this proposed strategy, two courses are found between the source and objective and afterward by considering the separation metric ideal course is chosen for information transmission between the hubs. Reenactment results show that the proposed Multiple Metric based Twofold Route Selection AODV Routing protocol (MMBTRS_AODV) beats the ordinary AODV directing convention. The proposed steering convention brings about high bundle conveyance proportion with less normal start to finish deferral and low directing overhead.

Most educational research treats teachers' deviations from prescribed or scripted programs as a nuisance for efficacy studies. This study reframes this approach to explore how kindergarten teachers' use of critical vocabulary program ingredients as well as improvised interactions contribute to instructional effectiveness. Data from 181 kindergarten teachers and their approximately 1,404 kindergarten students were analyzed using multilevel modeling. Findings demonstrate that teachers with students with large vocabulary gains had higher levels of adherence to the more structured program components and engaged in more adaptive impromptu teacher-student interactions than their less successful teacher peers. This study provides a more flexible and dynamic understanding of implementation fidelity.

A qualitative research aimed to synthesize and brainstorm global moral standards from the Thai professional viewpoints. Global moral standards as viewed by the Thai professionals have been developed based on the ideas across North America, Europe, Asia and Australia. The methods involve roundtable discussions gathered from 100 professional participants working in a government sector, a private sector, and a non-profit sector to resolve moral problems in a practical sense and to plan for moral standard policy. The results show that 1) Respect for the rights of people, others and organizations goes along with national constitutions; 2) Justice to everyone in organizations communicates with the public; 3) Responsibility for regular duties and impromptu situations establishes the mutuality of colleagues, organizations and the public; 4) Leadership shows high-patience, generosity, and bravery to the public; 5) Adaptability responds to possible changes, allowing human resources at all professions survive in society; 6) Dedication to quality serves nonstop service improvement; 7) Professionalism has equipped personnel resources with skills, knowhow, and speed to serve their public interests; and 8) Honesty with oneself, others, and organizations holds on the righteousness. To authorize universal moral standards in society, human and mind values projects are initiated.

The article experimentally justifies the effectiveness of the biological feedback simulator «Blazepod» to improve the speed of disjunctive and differentiated responses, which condition the effectiveness of unannounced and deliberately impromptu combat in sporting fights. It shows the desirability of preferentially using special exercises, simulating combat situations with selection and switching reactions.

In this modern era, sustainable development has become more important as the world resources are diminishing. The emergence of issues such as insufficient landfills, diminishing usable clean water, pollutions, and greenhouse effect has made the development of sustainable elements more vital. A rest and service area (RSA) particularly can be upgraded to a sustainable area by installing sustainable technologies. Therefore, the current study aims to apply sustainable technology facilities in RSAs. This paper used a holistic sustainable facilities approach on six main components: waste management, compost, biogas, rainwater harvesting systems, green roofs, and green materials. A survey was conducted using impromptu random sampling to obtain public perception on sustainable technologies to be implemented in RSAs via Google Form. This research measured public preference for each technology and the effect of the implementation of these sustainable elements towards economic, social, and environmental factors. From the six elements, 81.52% of the respondents choose recycle or waste management as the most suitable sustainable element to be implemented in RSAs. Furthermore, 90.89% of the respondents admitted that the most affected factor among sustainable elements if sustainable facilities are implemented in RSAs is the environment factor. This shows that most of respondents aware that the sustainable facilities implemented to prevent the environmental issues. The collected results in this paper can serve as a preliminary result for further research and can be used as a recommendation for developers.

Background With the global surge in COVID-19 pandemic, it has become inevitable for everyone, inclusive of nuclear medicine personnel, to play their role in combating and containing its transmission. During fall 2019, China encountered a novel coronavirus in Wuhan city which was later on termed as COVID-19. The pneumonia caused by COVID-19 is characterized by dry cough, fever, fatigue, and shortness of breathing (dyspnea). Until now, this virus has spread worldwide and continues to cause exponential causalities. Main body This global catastrophic scenario calls for stringent measures to control COVID-19 infection. Thus herein, the respective authors have endeavored to review precautionary measures for nuclear medicine department, encompassing its personnel as well as the patients so that intradepartmental transmission can be prevented. This requires development and execution of a robust and dynamic plan elaborating the healthcare guidelines. Hence, our review paper covers the arena of nuclear medicine services in particular. Conclusion Nuclear medicine can play its role in mitigating COVID-19 transmission to personnel and patients if provided with ample PPEs and guidelines are strictly followed. With implementing SOPs (standard operating procedures) based on these guidelines, nuclear medicine facilities will be better prepared for impromptu actions in case of any future outbreak while retaining the smooth flow of obligatory healthcare services.

High-accuracy trajectory tracking is critical to many robotic applications, including search and rescue, advanced manufacturing, and industrial inspection, to name a few. Yet the unmodeled dynamics and parametric uncertainties of operating in such complex environments make it difficult to design controllers that are capable of accurately tracking arbitrary, feasible trajectories from the first attempt (i.e., impromptu trajectory tracking). This article proposes a platform-independent, learning-based “add-on” module to enhance the tracking performance of black-box control systems in impromptu tracking tasks. Our approach is to pre-cascade a deep neural network (DNN) to a stabilized baseline control system, in order to establish an identity mapping from the desired output to the actual output. Previous research involving quadrotors showed that, for 30 arbitrary hand-drawn trajectories, the DNN-enhancement control architecture reduces tracking errors by 43% on average, as compared with the baseline controller. In this article, we provide a platform-independent formulation and practical design guidelines for the DNN-enhancement approach. In particular, we: (1) characterize the underlying function of the DNN module; (2) identify necessary conditions for the approach to be effective; (3) provide theoretical insights into the stability of the overall DNN-enhancement control architecture; (4) derive a condition that supports data-efficient training of the DNN module; and (5) compare the novel theory-driven DNN design with the prior trial-and-error design using detailed quadrotor experiments. We show that, as compared with the prior trial-and-error design, the novel theory-driven design allows us to reduce the input dimension of the DNN by two thirds while achieving similar tracking performance.

Social distancing and other protocols required during the COVID-19 pandemic have been particularly difficult for students who are disabled, especially hearing impairments students. During the Covid-19, many disabled students were impacted physically, mentally and their interactions may have been hindered. That could be one of the barriers for full and active participation in society during the Covid- 19. Therefore, this study aims to discover the challenges faced by hearing impairment students how it affects the communication and mainstreaming process. The data was collected from ten hearing impairments students and analysed qualitatively. The participants were aged between 19-22 and currently studying foundation programme in culinary arts in a skill transformation center. The participants were interviewed using impromptu interview questions via WhatsApp, which lasted about ten minutes for each participant. The findings show that there were four challenges faced by the hearing impairment students; hearing devices, disruption to comprehend the lesson, not familiar with the online devices and emotionally affected during online classes. The findings further reveal that the hearing impairment students hampered their social interactions skills towards others during the pandemic. It is hoped the findings would be useful for academicians, counsellors, doctors and other job professions to explore further research on hearing impairments and the framing of methodology to assist the hearing impairments in engaging with the society during the pandemic.

This interview took place during the Edinburgh Fringe Festival (August 2017), where Impromptu Shakespeare has been performing since 2013. An improvised theatre group, Impromptu Shakespeare weaves in one new ‘Shakespeare’ play at every show. The conversation was led by Marina Cano, as part of her research on improvised Shakespeare and improvised Jane Austen. It involved Impromptu actors Ailis Duff and Rebecca MacMillan, and touched upon matters of improvisation, methodology, adaptation, Shakespeare on stage, and gender-blind performance. Marina Cano is a Research Associate at the University of Limerick, Ireland. She is the author of Jane Austen and Performance (Palgrave 2017) and the co-editor of Jane Austen and William Shakespeare: A Love Affair in Literature, Film, and Performance (Palgrave 2019).

A white refrigerated trailer truck parked outside of New York City’s Elmhurst Hospital in late March 2020. The impromptu, mobile morgue held the fast-multiplying bodies of those dying of Covid-19 i...

Although farmer organizations are acknowledged to link their members to markets, enhance their business skills and enable access to services, there is need for evidence that ascertains if all members benefit equitably. This paper examines benefit distribution and sources of gender differences in mixed-sex collective marketing farmer organizations in Uganda and Malawi. Through a cross-sectional survey, key informant interviews and gender segregated focus group discussions, data were pooled from 10 farmer organizations and 492 individual members. An independent samples t-test revealed that in both countries, men benefited more than women. In Uganda, significant differences existed in skills training, planning meetings, business networks, and impromptu general meetings. In Malawi, significant differences manifested in extension training and decisions regarding investment and marketing. In both countries, men were significantly more dissatisfied with the collective marketing initiatives than women, which resulted in side selling in Malawi. On the other hand, women were significantly more satisfied than men with the collective marketing and, in Malawi, they sold significantly higher quantities through their organizations than men. We conclude that collective marketing farmer organizations connect women members to markets but neither address gender inequalities nor stimulate women empowerment. We propose strategies that can improve gender responsiveness in mixed farmer organizations. Key words: Farmer organizations, gender differences, benefit distribution, smallholders, Uganda, Malawi.

The need to improvise and take action as a practitioner draws on Schwab’s notion of deliberation and the Greek concept of poiesis. Inspired by an impromptu discussion with students at a computer summer camp, the author uses the worksof Sarason, Eisner, and Stenhouseto show how practitioner performance, student audience, educational inquiry, teacher as researcher, and curricular change are interrelated.

Purpose This study aims to unpack the notion of travelling mobilities from the perspectives of an Asian solo traveller using the context of the 2019 Rugby World Cup in Japan. Design/methodology/approach An autoethnography was used for this research, analysing reflective notes drafted on hand-written journals over the duration of six days over three host cities of the sporting event. Findings Asian solo men appear to be treated very differently from their Western counterparts and solo female tourists. In addition, engaging with a sport that is highly Western-centric exposes the liminal spaces of in-between. Being of Asian appearance and conversant in Japanese further blurred the travelling mobilities of being an unlikely sports fan, an impromptu translator, a presumed local resident and an unconventional wanderer. Originality/value These limitations notwithstanding, the research has contributed to the paucity of knowledge surrounding Asian solo male tourists and some aspects of their corresponding travelling mobilities. Such nuanced understanding then inform tourism and hospitality knowledge and practice of offering relevant experiences to such a market.

On the morning of Thursday, 12 March, the director and president of The Metropolitan Museum called an impromptu meeting with the heads of the various departments. This was followed up by an all-sta...

It is often unclear how to apportion praise after a group's success and blame after a group's failure. Should all members share responsibility or only a select few? In this article, we examine how people do solve this apportionment problem and how they should solve this problem. Seven empirical studies (N = 1,052) reveal that people frequently rely on a strategy of praise-many, blame-fewer, a tendency found across several different domains: high-profile sports championships, hierarchical business decisions, and first- and third-person judgments of impromptu work teams. Agent-based models test the success of different apportionment strategies under different conditions. These models suggest that in many circumstances it is adaptive to praise broadly after success and to blame more narrowly after failure-even with only minimal insight into individual skill-although effects vary depending on the motivation of group members to improve after being blamed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Teaching and learning of English as a spoken language in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) still remains a major concern in Asian context as evident from recent studies. The situation is similar in Central Asian classrooms where it received little attention. Specifically, this study investigates a classroom in a local public school in Kazakhstan through the lens of a teacher and the students during speaking activities. A case study qualitative approach was employed using interviews, classroom observations, and document analysis as data collection methods. In total, 21 individual interviews and 30 hours of classroom observations were conducted and recorded. Analyses and interpretations of data show that firstly the speaking activities lack in negotiation of meaning as they are predominantly aimed at predetermined monological performance-based speech. Secondly, out-of-school learning was prevalent among the majority of students at private learning centres. Also, self-learning at home was practiced by male students via interacting with foreign players in online video games and by female students via watching English movies. Thirdly, classroom interactions were accountable in facilitating and inhibiting the practice of speaking. Finally, there was a mismatch between the perceptions of the teacher and the students on the challenges of the speaking practice. The teacher indicated insufficient teaching hours and students’ limited background knowledge, while the students emphasised the teacher’s unwillingness to use English as a language of instruction and to practice impromptu speech in class. In summary, the findings highlight some of the apprehensions faced by the teacher and the students which reveals the current English speaking practice in Kazakhstani classroom. Keywords: Speaking; spoken language; speaking activities; speaking practice; classroom learning

This article explores the divisive nature of social media public culture in which impromptu communities of strangers affirm or antagonize one another in non-face-to-face interactions through memes, hashtags, and other posts. Drawing upon the work of Michael Herzfeld, specifically his notion of cultural intimacy and social poetics, this article analyzes contemporary politicized social media to demonstrate what I call social media poetics, briefly, public online shaming through which antagonists criticize one another and, in so doing, create their own identities; this process relies upon essentializing communities of posters that quickly become polarized. During social media acts of “creative shame,” people “become” their posts, making social media a vehicle for perpetuating both community and disunity based on social identities affirmed or antagonized when somehow “embodied” in the posts.

Interpretation biases are a core feature of social anxiety. Used to automatically train positive interpretation biases, the existing versions of Cognitive Bias Modification for Interpretation (CBM-I) render mixed results. The current study presents the development and testing of a one-session novel adaptation of CBM-I for social anxiety that provides an adaptive instead of a positive meaning to socially loaded situations. Informed by Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy and latest theoretical upgrades, we argue that biases exist on a continuum from adaptive to maladaptive and defining them by valence may fuel unrealistic positive illusions. A hundred forty volunteers with high social anxiety were randomized to the CBM-I or to the sham-training condition. Baseline, post-training, and during impromptu speech assessments of self-reported anxiety were made, while adaptive interpretation bias was measured at baseline and post-training. First, near-transfer effects in favor of the CBM-I group were found. Second, no far-transfer effects were found regarding the anxiety experienced during the speech. Third, a main finding was that changes in interpretation bias fully mediated training effects on anxiety. To our knowledge, this is the first CBM-I study to evidence that experimentally induced changes in interpretation mediate changes in anxiety. The therapeutic potential of this new adaptation of CBM-I requires testing in clinical samples.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the impact of the application of the concept of nomadic tourism to travel patterns and use descriptive methods with quantitative and qualitative approaches through social media-based surveys on tourist attractions in the Orchid Forest Cikole, Bandung. The pattern of traveling in this 4.0 era, for the most respondents mixed of generations Y and Z, are able to travel twice a year and prefer to travel in low sessions (71.3%). In financial planning, they do not need to save money, because with minimal funds they can take a vacation on an impromptu basis, seeing the review as their main consideration for a vacation. However, the presence of virtual reality or augmental reality facilities will have a negative impact on income for nomadic destinations / attractions. The concept of nomadic tourism, applied in the Orchid Forest Cikole attraction, Bandung has not been very effective, because most tourists who come feel more secure and comfortable using the concept of non-nomadic tourism. And in terms of digital tourism, these attractions can already be accessed through google maps and have been instagramable, as well as reviews of these attractions can already be accessed via Social Media or YouTube. Keywords: Nomadic Tourism, Industrial Revolution 4.0, Impact and Transformation

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the cognitive abilities of listening and reading comprehension and morphological awareness affect children’s writing to dictation. Data were collected from 194 first-grade elementary schoolchildren in South Korea on the effects of repetitive practice and memorization by comparing impromptu and one semester’s regular dictation tests. The results first revealed that spelling, spacing, and punctuation were highly correlated with the three cognitive abilities in the impromptu writing to dictation, but far less in the regular dictation test. Second, it was found that children’s listening and reading comprehension and morphological awareness influenced their spelling, while reading comprehension and morphological awareness affected spacing and punctuation significantly in the impromptu dictation test. However, in the case of the regular dictation test, which involved memorization, the number of significant factors was small, and final explanatory power of those cognitive abilities was much smaller.

Recent years have witnessed a surge of professional user-generated content (PUGC) based video services, coinciding with the accelerated proliferation of video acquisition devices such as mobile phones, wearable cameras, and unmanned aerial vehicles. Different from traditional UGC videos by impromptu shooting, PUGC videos produced by professional users tend to be carefully designed and edited, receiving high popularity with a relatively satisfactory playing count. In this paper, we systematically conduct the comprehensive study on the perceptual quality of PUGC videos and introduce a database consisting of 10,000 PUGC videos with subjective ratings. In particular, during the subjective testing, we collect the human opinions based upon not only the MOS, but also the attributes that could potentially influence the visual quality including face, noise, blur, brightness, and color. We make the attempt to analyze the large-scale PUGC database with a series of video quality assessment (VQA) algorithms and a dedicated baseline model based on pretrained deep neural network is further presented. The cross-dataset experiments reveal a large domain gap between the PUGC and the traditional user-generated videos, which are critical in learning based VQA. These results shed light on developing next-generation PUGC quality assessment algorithms with desired properties including promising generalization capability, high accuracy, and effectiveness in perceptual optimization. The dataset and the codes are released at https://github.com/wlkdb/pugcq_create.

A ubiquitous problem faced by students and teachers of an educational institute is to arrange for meetings in an effortless manner and at a time which suits both. Teachers usually have a fixed time table for their regular classes, but they often get busy with impromptu meetings, extra classes, official work, etc. Since these situations are frequent and unpredictable, students willing to meet the teachers outside the regular class time often find it difficult to do so. To reduce the hassle of waiting for teachers and searching for them around the campus, this paper proposes a teacher-student appointment system named ‘MeetUp’. This application allows a teacher member to upload their timetable from which free slots of the teacher will be extracted and shown against the respective teacher on the student portal, which will help students request for an appointment time that is viable for both the members. This system not only benefits the students but also helps the teachers manage their time as students would only show up with prior appointments and the teachers have the authority to accept an appointment request at their convenience. Meetup is built for native android users using Dart language based Flutter framework and python based Django Framework.

Skyline processing, an established preference evaluation technique, aims at discovering the best, most preferred objects, i.e. those that are not dominated by other objects, in satisfying the user’s preferences. In today’s society, due to the advancement of technology, ad-hoc meetings or impromptu gathering are becoming more and more common. Deciding on a suitable meeting point (object)for a group of people (users) to meet is not a straightforward task especially when these users are located at different places with distinct preferences. A place which is close by to the users might not provide the facilities/services that meet all the users’ preferences; while a place having the facilities/services that meet most of the users’ preferences might be too distant from these users. Although the skyline operator can be utilised to filter the dominated objects among the objects that fall in the region of interest of these users, computing the skylines for various groups of users in similar region would mean rescanning the objects of the region and repeating the process of pair wise comparisons among the objects which are undoubtedly unwise. On this account, this study presents a region-based skyline computation framework which attempts to resolve the above issues by fragmenting the search region of a group of users and utilising the past computed skyline results of the fragments. The skylines, which are the objects recommended to be visited by a group of users, are derived by analysing both the locations of the users, i.e. spatial attributes, as well as the spatial and non-spatial attributes of the objects. Several experiments have been conducted and the results show that our proposed framework outperforms the previous works with respect to CPU time.

In recent years, scholars have increasingly engaged with the use of sports settings to advance management theory. This stream of literature departs from the ‘Sport Management’ conversation, as it aims to move beyond the appreciation of the mere empirical sport phenomenon to advance a theoretical contribution with broader generalizability to other settings. The purpose of this bibliography is to present an organized overview of some of the relevant empirical works which can act as guides to scholars interested in conducting management research using sports data. Sports settings are becoming increasingly popular among management scholars due to the large availability of fine-grained data, well-defined performance metrics, and transparency of changes in strategies and processes. Also, sports settings are considered to be relatively controlled environments, which resemble laboratory conditions. These factors make sports data particularly suitable for quantitative studies, which have been so far more common than qualitative ones. Yet sports data can also ideally suit qualitative research. For example, sporting events are incredibly well documented and often collect multiple informants’ interviews impromptu, thus making them excellent settings for archival, historical, and in-depth case studies. This bibliography aims to provide readers with selected examples of both excellent quantitative and qualitative studies in different sports settings. The first section of the bibliography presents some past literature reviews on how sports data has been used in management research and some suggestions on future research topics in sports settings. Following this, the bibliography summarizes the sports settings which are most popular in management research. We show that especially the various US major league sports (baseball, basketball, football, ice hockey) have been prominent settings for management research. In addition to US major sports, other popular sports settings included in this bibliography are soccer, motorsports, national sports organizations (NSOs) and the Olympics. The bibliography also includes a section on the less common sports that have been used in previous research and a section on studies examining other actors in sports than players and managers.

The purpose of this research was to find out the types of grammatical errors frequently made by students in delivering the impromptu speech. The aim of learning a language is to be able to communicate in a right way. There is no a silent language knowledge, a language must be produced in words to achieve its goals in learning second or foreign language comprehending. Trough speaking, we can see how is a speaker skill in mastering a lang uage. A good speaker is who able to produce language which arranged as its rule. In speaking, appropriate sentence structure and context are very helping in order to gain listener‟s comprehending. In collecting the data, the researcher used documentation of video of impromptu speech. A method to analyze the error is called error analysis. The indicators are: (a) Morphology error (b) Syntax error. From these indicators, the researcher find out students‟ grammatical error in delivering the impromptu speech. In this research, the researcher found 127 errors in morphology. Those were 34 (14,5%) errors in noun, 77 (33%) errors in verb, 4 (2%) errors in adjective, 2 (1%) errors in adverb, 10 (4%) errors in preposition. In syntax was found 107 errors. Those were 26 (11%) errors in phrase, 33 (14%) errors in clause, 21 (9%) errors in sentence, and 27(11,5%) errors in intersentence. From the result, the researcher concluded that the most frequent grammatical error found in verb.

In modern theatrical pedagogy, art education in general, methodical and practical ways to cultivate the ability of organic speech expression in the performance of the action on the site need analysis, improvement, refinement.In the preparation of future actors of drama and cinema at the time of introduction of new techniques / methods of working on / with the word. In particular, in language and voice training.A The search for a form, of course, should not nullify the content. The expediency of the found or offered variants is determined in accordance with the tasks of the profile course "Fundamentals of the skill of the actor of theater and cinema" and in accordance with the needs of theatrical art. After all, language in the theater is only one of the means of expression. This is, first of all, a verbal way of volitional influence on a partner, an important factor of stage action.In modern tendencies of training work the creative approach, etude becomes more and more popular. Of course, this involves impromptu while performing tasks, requires individual processing of the material. Therefore, in the educational process it is appropriate and useful to use much more widely such methods as improvisation in speech training and demonstrations of independent works (both on speech technique and excerpts from the author’s literary works). This significantly helps students to acquire the skills in practice. That is, the one who is taught learns to use what he/she is taught. And this is one of the most important tasks of professional training. We are talking about both the technique of speech and the elements of mastery of artistic texts.It is also important that improvisation in training does not involve unconscious, machine, mechanical, involuntary performance. Moreover, it denies these qualities. And it’s about invented, found "here and now". Impromptu makes it impossible to "chant", show "honestly rehearsed" intonations or assessments. It will improve the "moment of fixation" of the studied, develop the imagination and fantasy of students, help in the sincerity of the "truth of feeling" and faith in it.Independent elaboration and preparation of material (exercises, sketches, excerpts) is one of the auxiliary methods of work that will allow you to check how much you have learned this or that. It also helps the students to open up, to show their creative "I", encourages self-improvement. At the same time, those moments that are incorrectly mastered and need to be refined as a matter of priority may become more noticeable.Both proposed variants of work are essential for the constructive training of future theater artists and the improvement of their professional skills.

Background:There is evidence that individuals with high levels of social anxiety utilize more safety behaviours and experience more post-event processing than those with lower levels of social anxiety. There are also data to suggest that the relationship between safety behaviour use and social anxiety symptoms is mediated by perceived control of one’s anxiety. Furthermore, it has been suggested that post-event processing influences anticipatory anxiety for a future social situation.Aim:A direct link between the perpetuating factors of social anxiety described above has not been established in the literature. The aim of the current study was to test a model examining the relationship between these constructs.Method:Participants first completed a battery of questionnaires. They then participated in an impromptu, 3-minute speech and were informed they would be videotaped. Following the speech, participants completed measures of anxiety and were instructed to return the following week. During the second session, they were informed they would deliver an additional speech and provided ratings of their anxiety in anticipation of delivering the second speech.Results:The results of a serial mediation support that greater levels of social anxiety lead to less perceived control over one’s anxiety, leading to increased safety behaviour use. The increase in safety behaviours led to an increase of post-event processing which resulted in greater anticipatory anxiety for a future speech task.Conclusions:This study provides novel evidence for the importance of perceived control in the genesis of social anxiety, which has implications for treatment.

As the range of handheld, mobile and desktop devices expands and worldwide demand for collaborative application tools increases, there is a growing need for higher speed impromptu cross-device application sharing to keep up with workplace requirements for on-site or remote collaborations. To address this, we have developed CamCutter, a cross-device interaction technique enabling a user to quickly select and share an application running on another screen using the camera of a handheld device. This technique can accurately identify the targeted application on a display using our adapted computer vision algorithm, system architecture and software implementation, allowing impromptu real-time and synchronized application sharing between devices. For desktop and meeting room set-ups, we performed a technical evaluation, measuring accuracy and speed of migration. For a single-user reading task and a collaborative composition task, we carried out a user study comparing our technique with commercial screen sharing applications. The results of this study showed both higher performance and preference for our system. Finally, we discuss CamCutter’s limitations and present insights for future vision-based cross-device application sharing.

Some languages have more forms of conventional spoken iconicity than others. Japanese, for example, has more ideophones than English. So how do speakers of a language with limited semantic categories of ideophones depict percepts? One possibility is demonstrations: unconventional, yet depictive, discourse. Demonstrations follow quotatives (e.g., I was like ___) and perform referents as opposed to describing them. In English, a language with arguably restricted sets of ideophones, speakers may enact/create demonstrations using their hands, voice, and body. This paper examines which visual and spoken components are vital to comprehending demonstrations in English with features from Guldemann's (2008) observations: enacted verbal behaviour, non-linguistic vocal imitation, ideophones, and representational gesture. 28 videos containing demonstrations of 11 celebrities engaging in impromptu storytelling on USA talk shows were our critical stimuli. 145 native speakers completed forced multiple-choice judgement tasks to qualify each demonstration. To see which forms of visual and spoken communication contributed to comprehension, videos were presented in visual (muted), audio (pixelated and darkened), and audio–visual (left as is) conditions. Our results show that if arbitrary speech (e.g., I was like I can't go over the ocean!) is in a demonstration, then it is vital to comprehension. The visual condition rendered these demonstrations uninterpretable. If sound imitations (e.g., I was like prfff!) or ideophones coupled with hand gesture (e.g., I was like yay! + hands opening and closing in unison) are in a demonstration, then the interpretability of that demonstration across our experimental conditions depends on whether its components (gesture, sound imitation) can unambiguously express meaning in isolation. These findings allow us to make several conjectures about the wellformedness of demonstrations. Our findings are in line with studies on enactments in deaf signed languages whereby the more unconventional a form of iconic depiction is, the more it requires conventional framing to be interpretable.

Social work students shadowing more experienced practitioners is usually regarded as self-evidently a positive learning experience by practice educators, on-site supervisors; university tutors, and not least by the students themselves. Whilst it can form part of a formal practice learning agreement, much shadowing is also undertaken informally often on an ad hoc and impromptu basis. Given the extent to which shadowing takes place, it is a basic assumption of this paper that it must have a significant impact of what students learn about practice both in their specific placement but also more generally about social work. For this reason the primary aim of this paper is to bring more of a critical gaze onto shadowing as a learning activity in social work practice placements. The paper begins by examining the different purposes of shadowing and putting them into context. It explains how shadowing can be seen as both part of the process of socialisation into professional social work but also into a specific workplace culture. As such shadowing experiences need to be understood as part of the implicit (hidden) curriculum of social work. The second part of the paper considers some ways in which examining shadowing experiences more critically can improve certain aspects of practice. This includes understanding power relationships but also how shadowing can provide important opportunities for professional leadership. It is proposed that, often taken as a background or taken for granted activity, shadowing needs to be given a higher profile and therefore better preparation in social work practice placements.