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This paper is an empirical examination of the structuralist theory of inflation. We extend the previous literature by assembling a dataset of 21 OECD countries over the past four decades and thoroughly testing the robustness of our results with a variety of control variables and econometrics techniques including panel ARDL. We find a noteworthy connection between inflation and the structuralist variables, especially the labour share, suggesting that the disinflation seen over the past four decades is primarily the result of less pronounced social conflict acting as price-propagating mechanisms, reflected in a decreasing labour share. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] Explore the logical relationship between the diversification of import sources and soybean import prices is crucial for scientifically implementing soybean import diversification strategies and ensuring the stable domestic soybean supply in China. [Methods] Based on the monthly soybean import data of China from 2007 to 2021, this study adopted the individual-time fixed effects model to examine the impact of import source diversification on China’s soybean import prices and its heterogeneity. [Results] (1) The diversification of import sources contributed to reducing soybean import prices. The findings were validated through tests for endogeneity and robustness. (2) The impact of import source diversification on soybean import prices varied significantly among countries with different import shares. Import source diversification significantly lowered the prices of soybeans imported from countries with a high share of imports, but had a negligible effect on soybean import prices from countries with a low share of imports. (3) The impact of import source diversification on China’s soybean import prices varies depending on the period of global food price volatility. In the period characterized by high global food price volatility from 2007 to 2013, the effect of import source diversification on China’s soybean import prices was less pronounced. Conversely, during the relatively stable period of global food prices from 2014 to 2021, diversification of import sources significantly reduced China’s soybean import prices. [Conclusion] Therefore, it is imperative to further refine the strategy of import diversification to ensure China’s food security, while also considering the differentiated effects of import diversification across different countries and time periods.

Globalization has differential impacts on trade patterns and welfare gains across regions within a country. Using panel data on 16 South Korean regions over the period 2000–2015, this study shows that new import varieties led to lower regional import prices, which in turn yielded positive welfare gains. However, both the uneven growth of import varieties and different degrees of product differentiation led to heterogeneous effects on import prices and welfare gains across regions. Regional differences in import prices and welfare gains are impacted more by variety growth than by product differentiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Russia is China's main log supplier and has implemented a series of log export control policies. The implementation of Russia's export control policy has inevitably had an impact on China's timber processing industry. This paper uses breakpoint regression to analyse the impact of the increase in the import price of logs under the Russian log export control policy on the market price of timber products in China. The results show that under the control policy, the increase in log import prices had a significant positive impact on the timber product market when April 2008, January 2010 and January 2019 were the breakpoints. Due to the lag effects in price transmission, the impact on China's timber product market was not reflected when July 2007 and January 2018 were the breakpoints. Based on the research conclusions, this paper puts forward some suggestions from the perspective of China's log supply security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research is to reexamine the passthrough of the exchange rate on import prices after the spread of the Coronavirus which becomes an economic crisis from 2020. The objective of this study is to answer some questions that arise posed in the lead, have the infected countries reduced their economic activities? Has this reduction affected domestic production and reduced the availability of goods to meet the needs of the inhabitants? Has this context increased the need for imports? How is this import affected by the exchange rate following this pandemic? Is inflation sensitive to this coronavirus phenomenon? Will the outbreak of coronavirus cause the Tunisian economy to enter a successive crisis? It's a hot topic these days as the world is dealing with this covid-19. Finally concluded that the Tunisian economy is struggling with a double crisis: health crisis and economic crisis. On the one hand, coronavirus causes a major risk on the life of the population and on the other hand coronavirus negatively affects the economy with the phenomenon of confinement or closing of barriers. Tunisia, like the whole world, faces two demands, the first is to save the population from death, and the second is to save the country from the economic crisis. In summary, the coronavirus weighed on economic activity, which caused large losses in all sectors. With information from different websites, the National Institute of Statistics (INS), the Central Bank of Tunisia (BCT), the World Bank and some previous articles we will graphically expose the impact of this pandemic on economic growth as well that we will present the potential impacts of the coronavirus on the Tunisian economy through the flow of import prices. We will check whether the direct impact of the exchange rate on import prices and indirect on inflation still persists or not under the Passthrough theme with the coronavirus outbreak? While using monthly data we will study the interaction between the exchange rate, the degree of passthrough and the production changes and their impact on the growth of the Tunisian economy following the suspension of certain productions due to coronavirus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper re-examines the exchange rate pass-through into trade prices in Turkey to observe possible asymmetries. This exercise is done using a Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) model. We provide empirical evidence that the impact of exchange rate into import and export prices are asymmetric, meaning that the export and import prices respond differently to a change in exchange rate depending on the direction. Moreover, we observe that the pass-through coefficients decline after Turkey adopts floating exchange rate regime. This result has important implications in terms of monetary policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research was to examine the interdependence between import price, exchange rate, national income and inflation. The data analysis method used was structural vector autoregresive (SVAR). The analysis was conducted on the impulse response function (IFRS) and forecast error variance decompositions (FEDVs) to determine the effect of exchange rate to import price and national income. The results show that the degree of exchange rate pass through was incomplete. The exchange rate shock had positive effect on import price and had negative effect on national income. Meanwhile, the effect of inflation on import price was negative. Furthermore, FEDVs analysis show that the variations of import price were largely determined by the import price, and the exchange rate variations were largely determined by the exchange rate itself. The research results show that exchange rate, national income and inflation were gradually getting stronger and gave permanent effects.

This paper examines the importance of nominal rigidity for nonlinearity and asymmetry of exchange rate pass-through. For this purpose, we rely on company-level data of French importing firms. We find that the well established fact that 'prices rise faster than they fall,' which is characterized by the convex import price reaction function, lies primarily with the presence of nominal rigidity. Once price stickiness is controlled for, there is empirical evidence that the import price reaction function is rather concave if the linearity assumption can be rejected, indicating that firms aim primarily to protect their market share. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies determinants of inflation in Iran. The buildup of international reserves has accelerated during the episode of higher oil price. The associated increase in government spending has limited contribution to capacity building and pronounced inflationary pressures, which accelerated at the beginning of the Iran-Iraq war in 1980, and eased at the end of the war in 1988. Accommodating monetary stance has proven to be an important determinant of inflation, both in the long and in the short-runs. In the long-run, depreciation of the rial increases the cost of intermediate goods, increasing inflationary pressures with limited significant effect on output. In contrast, depreciation could boost competitiveness of non-energy exports, in support of higher demand and output growth in the short-run. For policy implications, priorities going forward should be in place to direct both public and private resources toward relaxing binding capacity constraints, capitalizing on oil resources in Iran and the prospects of the positive implications of lifting sanctions in the context of the recent nuclear agreement between Iran and the G5+1 countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]