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Looking back at 50 years of Journal of Consumer Research methods and interviewing some of the field's most respected methodologists, this article seeks to craft a core set of best practices for scholars in consumer research. From perennial issues like conceptual validity to emerging issues like data integrity and replicability, the advice offered by our experts can help scholars improve the way they approach their research questions, provide empirical evidence that instills confidence, use new tools to make research more inclusive or descriptive of the "real world," and seek to become thought leaders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The assessment of consumer scholarship must move beyond a mere counting of the number of "A"s on a researcher's CV to include at least some measure of impact. To facilitate a broader assessment of scholarship in consumer research, we provide detailed statistics on the productivity and citation impact of the field's 340 main gatekeepers: the editors, associate editors, and editorial board members of the Journal of Consumer Research and the Journal of Consumer Psychology. In addition, we introduce a new metric, called the p -index, which can be interpreted as an indicator of a researcher's propensity for thought leadership. Using this metric, we show that productivity and thought leadership do not necessarily go hand in hand in consumer research and that a combination of the two is a good predictor of the level of esteem that consumer scholars enjoy among their peers and of the receipt of major career awards. Our analyses provide greater transparency into how productivity, citation impact, and propensity for thought leadership are currently distributed among prominent consumer scholars. Furthermore, the detailed descriptive statistics reported can serve as useful benchmarks against which other consumer researchers' records may be meaningfully compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research studies the impact of articles appearing in the top four journals for consumer research— JCR , JMR , JM , and JCP— by examining factors that influence scholarly, public, and practical impact. This conceptually distinguishes between "incongruent novelty" (novelty arising from incongruity between an article and other existing articles) and "recombinant novelty" (novelty based on drawing from more disparate references). Incongruent novelty is decomposed into two components: (1) topic incongruity—incongruity between an article's topic and other existing topics at the time and (2) article incongruity—incongruity between an article and other existing articles on the same primary topic. By integrating topic modeling and word embedding to measure these constructs, we demonstrate varying impacts of types of novelty on three types of impact. Overall, our findings illustrate that topic and article incongruity have effects above and beyond recombinant novelty. For both scholarly and public impact, our results suggest that moderately high topic incongruity has the largest influence, suggesting that researchers should address novel topics. Additionally, scholarly citations are positively affected by lower and higher (vs. moderate) levels of article incongruity, suggesting that researchers either engage in programmatic research or add a new approach to the existing research on a topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With its 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the United Nations (UN) developed 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a "blueprint for peace and prosperity for people and the planet." This initiative raises the question: how has the Journal of Consumer Research (JCR) shed light on the SDGs? This research analyzes 50 years of consumer research through the lens of the SDG and makes four contributions. First, the authors provide a content analysis of articles in JCR and how it relates to the SDGs over time; they also analyze the Journal of Consumer Psychology (JCP) and Journal of Public Policy & Marketing (JPP&M) with regard to the SDGs. Second, this research reveals where JCR has made progress and achieved impact (via Altmetric) but also identifies gaps in the literature. Thus, the analyses shed light on what research in JCR , JCP , and JPP&M understands (and does not understand) about consumer behavior and points the way to future SDG-oriented research. Finally, based on insights from interviews with thought leaders, sociology of science, UN data dashboards, and an exploratory survey in three countries (the U.S. France, and Singapore), the authors provide recommendations on how the field can (better) incorporate the SDGs in research, teaching, and service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study documented three domains of journal research quality using metrics from six major publishers and two major database services for a large sample of kinesiology-related journals: Rigor/soundness, usage, and prestige. All journal metrics were highly skewed and variable. Median acceptance rates and initial review time were consistent with rigorous peer-review. Four variables were strongly interrelated (0.849 < r < 0.963) and indicate typical usage of 1 to 3 citations for articles in these journals. The 5-year Eigenfactor Score had a relatively weaker association (0.510 < r < 0.758) with the usage metrics, supporting it as an estimate of the prestige afforded these kinesiology journals in Scopus instead of usage. Care must be taken to interpret multiple journal metrics; taking into account the skew, large variability, and confounding factors such as journal size and subject. Differences across quality domains, metrics, and bias from numerous contextual factors refute the insidious misuse of any single journal metric as quality indictor for ranking journals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonprofit organizations often position their charitable efforts as fulfilling the immediate needs of those who are disadvantaged (termed "immediate aid appeals"). This study explores an alternative positioning strategy focused on the use of autonomous aid appeals, which promote the use of donated funds to facilitate the eventual self-sufficiency of those in need. Seven studies show that people are more likely to donate to a charity that uses autonomous aid appeals than immediate aid appeals. The authors generalize this effect to various contexts and examine it with actual donation behavior. They find that managerially relevant boundary conditions support a serial mediation model first through perceptions of impact and then by feelings of hope for the recipient's future. To support the proposed framework, they conduct mediation analyses and two process-by-moderation studies. The findings have practical implications for charities and their promotional messaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personality has a long, if somewhat checkered history in the sport psychology literature, but insight into its use in contemporary applied practice is more limited. This study investigated contemporary sport psychology consultants' perceptions of using personality assessment. Ten participants (four female and six male; mean 14 years' applied experience), all Health and Care Professions Council–registered and accredited by either the British Psychological Society or British Association of Sport and Exercise Sciences, were purposefully sampled and interviewed. An inductive thematic analysis was then performed. Five themes were identified: effective practice, perceived impact, societal movements, organizational experience, and innovation. Findings deliver an original insight into the perceptions of practitioners around personality assessment in sport, illustrating a movement from prediction to development in the field and providing novel examples of bespoke, individualized tool application. Broad training and career experiences will help practitioners fully appreciate these potential opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current micro-plastic forming methods for metal foil arrays have problems such as high cost and complex processes. A highly efficient, flexible, low-cost, green, and environmentally friendly submerged cavitation water jet micro-forming processing method for metal foil arrays is proposed, which used vacuole collapse shock wave loading. The micro-hole formation of 304 stainless steel foil array with a thickness of 80 μm was used as an example to study the influence of target distance and impact time on the depth and uniformity of micro-hole formation by plastic forming of metal foil array, and the feasibility of the method was verified. The results show that the depth of the array micropores located on the radius r = 13.6 mm within the impact zone of vacuole collapse is 166.4 μm, and the maximum surface roughness is 1.54 μm. The thinning rate is between 2 and 10% under the conditions of impact action time 5 min, target distance 120 mm, and pressure 20 MPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, we look at the impact of the scientific production of Brazilian research institutions. Data were collected from SciVal and InCites for governmental research institutions (state and federal), and then we focussed on the two largest: Embrapa (Agriculture) and Fiocruz (Health). Institutions in the area of health, environment and physics tended to show higher impact than other areas, those in physics showed low first, last and corresponding authorships (<20%). Health institutions had a high profile in Policy and Patents, especially abroad, while agriculture had a more local impact. Citations in policy documents increased impact by 220%. Brazilian institutions in Defence, Agriculture, Energy & Nuclear, and Economic areas generally perform below world means. While some institutions may show a higher impact on specific indicators, the present study raises the need for an in-depth analysis of these institutions and their return on investments. Information contained here can help these institutions in strategic planning to improve impact results, including the uptake of science by the Brazilian government. While Fiocruz seems to meet this demand, Embrapa still needs to reaffirm its space within the system. Discussion on the return on investment (monetary and other resources) made in institutions these institutions require future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights Fiber‐metal laminates (FMLs) are generally regarded as excellent lightweight materials for advanced structure design. To enhance the mechanical properties, the common FMLs can be optimized using carbon fibers. However, the combination of carbon fibers with aluminum induces interfacial challenges. Preventing galvanic corrosion with elastomeric interlayers is an effective solution. The lay‐up configuration greatly effects the impact damage resistance of hybrid CFRP‐elastomer‐metal laminates (HyCEMLs). In this work, micro‐CT scans and optical micrographic inspections on HyCEMLs are conducted after impact tests to ascertain the microstructural origins behind the mechanical performance changes. In addition, finite element models of different HyCEML configurations are built to complement the limited experimental data. The damage mechanisms of HyCEML with different configurations under various impact conditions are further compared. The numerical results suggest that impact energy is a more informative measure in terms of damage mode and size than impact velocity and momentum. Results also indicate that when the thickness for each sub‐laminate of HyCEML is maintained the same, hybrid laminates with aluminum stacked outside is beneficial for delaying the occurrence of matrix cracking and delaminations, and enhances HyCEML's resistance to global deformation. These findings will contribute to engineering hybrid laminates with desired impact performance for lightweight load‐bearing structures. The hybrid laminate with elastomeric interlayers is a forward‐looking solution in impact applications. Impact energy is a more informative measure in terms of assessing the damage mode and extent in HyCEMLs. The influence of stacking sequence on damage mechanisms of HyCEMLs is evaluated. Microstructural origins behind variations of hybrid laminates in the impact resistance are revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To increase the energy-absorbing capability of frontal collision management systems and improve vehicle crash safety, foam-filled crash boxes should be optimized. On the basis of a double tubular construction, a novel foam-filled crash box with a different design is developed. The energy absorption capacity, initial peak force, and deformation modes of the original and improved crash boxes were examined using impact models. As opposed to the full-filling design, it is demonstrated that the filling design may utilize less foam while increasing specific energy absorption. The stability of continuing deformation after the first buckling is determined by the foam-filled crash box. For the foam-filled crash box, a better-optimized design technique is suggested using the Taguchi method and principal component analysis (PCA). Compression tests are used to validate the design concept. Therefore, the optimal design technique of the crash box is suitable and practical for the crashworthiness design of crash boxes, considering the combined effect of significant indicators for electric vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spreading of liquid drops on cold solid substrates is a complicated problem that involves heat transfer, fluid dynamics, and phase change physics combined with complex wetting behaviors at the contact line. Understanding the physics behind the non-isothermal spreading of droplet is of utmost importance due to its broad applications in diverse areas of industry such as in additive manufacturing processes. This work mainly focuses on determining the important physical parameters involved in the non-isothermal spreading of droplets with low contact angle ( θ < π / 2 ) as well as controlling the post-solidification geometry of impinging droplets with moderate impact velocity where spreading is driven by impact velocities, but fingerings or instabilities do not occur at the contact line. Using analytical modeling, a possible explanation for contact-line arrest is produced that demonstrates that the final radius of droplets of moderate impacting velocity is independent of the initial conditions including the impact dynamics and temperature gradients. The predictive capacity of this model is confirmed with experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ghana was the first sub-Saharan country to implement a National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS). In furtherance of the nation's Universal Health Coverage (UHC) goals, in 2008, Ghana actualized plans for a Free Maternal Healthcare Policy (FMHCP) under the NHIS. The FMHCP was aimed at removing financial barriers to accessing maternal and neonatal health services. This scoping review was conducted to map out the literature on the effects of the FMHCP under the NHIS on the utilization of maternal and infant health care in Ghana. Six databases including CINAHL, PubMed, Sage Journals, Academic Search Premier, Science Direct, and Medline were searched in conducting this review with key terms. A total of 175 studies were retrieved after the search and finally, 23 articles were included in the study after various stages of elimination. The review followed the reporting guidelines stated in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic and Meta-analyses Extensions for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The results showed an overall increase in the utilization of antenatal care, facility-based delivery, and postnatal care services. However, certain systemic issues persist regarding access to maternal and infant healthcare. Socio-demographic inequalities such as maternal level of education, place of residence, and economic status likewise barriers such as the existence of out-of-pocket payments, long distance to health facilities, and poor distribution of resources in rural areas hindered the utilization of maternal and infant healthcare. The country faces significant work to eliminate existing barriers and inequalities to ensure that it achieves its UHC goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This article builds on the Practice Research Collaboratives (PRCs) as an initiative that developed from the Fifth Conference on Practice Research to provide a platform for practice researchers to engage actively around impact and influence. Research question: The unique features of research activities that enable transformational impact in three cases in social work practice research involving long-term community and university research partnerships. Methodology: Literature review and comparison of case studies. Results: The cases show how the processes of implementation are not only seen as linear, but constantly evolving at the same time as intervention fidelity in social work is crucial to improving outcomes for people, which can have transformative impacts for individuals and systems alike. Conclusion: We conclude by describing the importance of understanding the feasibility of complex problems and complex social situation which requires meaningful communication between partners, transparency and involvement of all players throughout the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Usually, detailed impact simulation models within flexible multibody systems have to be set up manually rather than being generated automatically. This is because the process requires prior knowledge of the time and location of the impact, as well as the element resolution within the contact area. If the penalty method is used to determine the occurring contact forces, the corresponding penalty factor also needs to be determined manually. This work, however, presents an adaptive algorithm to simulate impacts within flexible multibody systems fully automatically using reduced isogeometric analysis models, the floating frame of reference formulation, and quasistatic contact models for an efficient but still accurate simulation. The adaptive algorithm detects impacts in the system, determines the contact locations on the bodies, refines the contact area, and determines the penalty factor, and therefore automatically simulates impacts. The work shows how to automatically simulate impacts in flexible multibody systems without user action or prior knowledge of impact location and size. The first application example simulates significant elastodynamic effects within a long flexible rod. The goal is to validate the algorithm by preserving the wave propagation and energy of the system. The second application example simulates the impacts of two flexible double pendulums. This setup is a suitable benchmark for the complete adaptive impact analysis procedure as the flexible double pendulums undergo large rigid body motions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disaster is often seen as a "leveller" that affects everyone equally but the impact of disasters varies due to structural inequalities, access to resources, gender roles, and power relations, leading to a disproportionate effect on certain populations. This paper is based on a case study of three flood-affected districts of Assam and explores how gender is often used in a restrictive manner, confining it to a binary and neglecting non-binary gender identities, their vulnerabilities, and capacities in disaster risk reduction. These case studies illustrate that communities are vulnerable not only because of their physical nature but also due to their social positioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a simulation and test-based procedure is created and applied to develop mechanical pyroshock test setup. In order to build an effective design, preliminary input parameters are defined with finite element simulations. The agreement between impact simulations and experimental data was achieved for resonant plate, metallic anvil plate and gun system. The obtained Shock Response Spectrum (SRS) curves are not well fitted to explicit finite element simulations for nonmetallic anvil plate materials, such as felt, which also have significant contribution to results. Therefore, further improvement is established by using test-based Response Surface Method (RSM). After validating the relationship statistically, response optimizer was used to find the best combination of design parameters to achieve target SRS curve. Finally, the prediction was checked experimentally to show the effectiveness of the developed methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The list of standard abbreviations for JDS is available at adsa.org/jds-abbreviations-24. Nonstandard abbreviations are available in the Notes. An economic simulation was carried out over 183 milk-producing countries to estimate the global economic impacts of 12 dairy cattle diseases and health conditions: mastitis (subclinical and clinical), lameness, paratuberculosis (Johne's disease), displaced abomasum, dystocia, metritis, milk fever, ovarian cysts, retained placenta, and ketosis (subclinical and clinical). Estimates of disease impacts on milk yield, fertility, and culling were collected from the literature, standardized, meta-analyzed using a variety of methods ranging from simple averaging to random-effects models, and adjusted for comorbidities to prevent overestimation. These comorbidity-adjusted disease impacts were then combined with a set of country-level estimates for lactational incidence or prevalence or both, herd characteristics, and price estimates within a series of Monte Carlo simulations that estimated and valued the economic losses due to these diseases. It was estimated that total annual global losses are US$65 billion (B). Subclinical ketosis, clinical mastitis, and subclinical mastitis were the costliest diseases modeled, resulting in mean annual global losses of approximately US$18B, US$13B, and US$9B, respectively. Estimated global annual losses due to clinical ketosis, displaced abomasum, dystocia, lameness, metritis, milk fever, ovarian cysts, paratuberculosis, and retained placenta were estimated to be US$0.2B, US$0.6B, US$0.6B, US$6B, US$5B, US$0.6B, US$4B, US$4B, and US$3B, respectively. Without adjustment for comorbidities, when statistical associations between diseases were disregarded, mean aggregate global losses would have been overestimated by 45%. Although annual losses were greatest in India (US$12B), the United States (US$8B), and China (US$5B), depending on the measure of losses used (losses as a percentage of gross domestic product, losses per capita, losses as a percentage of gross milk revenue), the relative economic burden of these dairy cattle diseases across countries varied markedly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: There is considerable variation in the types of symptoms experienced by people living with endometriosis, and it is unclear which symptoms impact people the most. This study aimed to identify the specific symptoms that are "most impactful" to people living with the condition. Material and Methods: Two sequential online surveys were conducted. Women aged over 18 years with a diagnosis of endometriosis were eligible to participate. Participants first provided a free‐text list of all the endometriosis symptoms they experienced (Survey 1, Australian only). Responses were condensed into a shorter list by grouping symptom types and selecting the top 20 most common and most impactful. Survey 2 (international) participants reviewed the list and selected all that they had experienced in the last 3 months, nominated one as their single "most impactful symptom", and rated its impact on one of five randomized scale types. Results: Survey 1 and Survey 2 had 195 and 983 responses, respectively. The mean age of respondents was 30.8 ± 7.9 years. There were 275 separate symptom descriptions from Survey 1, which were condensed into 104 groups, of which 25 met criteria for inclusion in Survey 2. The most commonly experienced symptoms were abdominal pain (93% of respondents), bloating (92%), and fatigue (90%), and the symptoms nominated as causing the most impact were pelvic pain (20%), abdominal pain (15%), and cramps (7%). Nearly everyone (99.7%) in Survey 2 reported experiencing at least one pain symptom. The symptoms that generated the highest impact scores were infertility (99.8/100), irregular menstrual cycles (95.3/100), and constipation (92/100). The average impact score was 87.5/100. Conclusions: There was substantial variation in the symptom selected as causing the most impact, and the level of impact was high. A focus on measuring the "most impactful symptom" in future research may enable us to better capture and measure the true symptom experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we sketch a vision that might guide academic and third sector collaboration. We do so by drawing on a project that involved collaboration with a range of stakeholders, in order to stimulate ongoing discussion about how academics and the third sector might work together to seek positive change. Our findings show that there are keenly felt challenges, but also a sense of resilient optimism. A key finding among our stakeholders was a sense that there is an absence of an overarching shared vision, which was experienced by many of our respondents as consequential. Therefore, in the spirit of constructive provocation we set out such a vision, which was collaboratively developed with our respondents: opening a dialogue, rather than providing a conclusive position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Neurodevelopmental conditions frequently co‐occur. The aim of this paper was to determine whether there is a cumulative association between (1) the number of neurodevelopmental conditions, specifically hyperkinetic disorder (hereafter referred to as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder), autism spectrum disorder (hereafter referred to as autism) and intellectual disability, and (2) behavioural and socio‐emotional problems and the level of clinician‐rated functioning for young males and females. Methods: In this cross‐sectional study, diagnostic information, caregiver‐rated behavioural and socio‐emotional data (as conceptualised by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) and clinician‐rated functioning scores (as conceptualised by the Children's Global Assessment Scale) were extracted from electronic patient records for 2768 young people aged 3–17 years (mean = 11.55, SD = 3.46). All data were extracted at baseline, that is, at the time the young person was diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism and/or an intellectual disability. Ordinal regression analyses tested associations between the number of neurodevelopmental conditions met (i.e. 1, 2 or 3) and behavioural and socio‐emotional outcomes and functioning. Results: After controlling for age and biological sex, the number of neurodevelopmental conditions was associated with higher levels of inattention/hyperactivity and peer problems, lower levels of prosocial behaviour and poorer clinician‐rated functioning. Although these findings were consistent for males, a cumulative association was not identified for females, except for clinician‐rated functioning. Conclusions: For young people, the presence of multiple neurodevelopmental conditions may have a cumulative impact across domains, but this may differ between males and females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Utilize machine learning models to identify factors associated with seeking medical care for migraine. Background: Migraine is a leading cause of disability worldwide, yet many people with migraine do not seek medical care. Methods: The web‐based survey, ObserVational survey of the Epidemiology, tReatment and Care Of MigrainE (US), annually recruited demographically representative samples of the US adult population (2018–2020). Respondents with active migraine were identified via a validated diagnostic questionnaire and/or a self‐reported medical diagnosis of migraine, and were then asked if they had consulted a healthcare professional for their headaches in the previous 12 months (i.e., "seeking care"). This included in‐person/telephone/or e‐visit at Primary Care, Specialty Care, or Emergency/Urgent Care locations. Supervised machine learning (Random Forest) and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) algorithms identified 13/54 sociodemographic and clinical factors most associated with seeking medical care for migraine. Random Forest models complex relationships (including interactions) between predictor variables and a response. LASSO is also an efficient feature selection algorithm. Linear models were used to determine the multivariable association of those factors with seeking care. Results: Among 61,826 persons with migraine, the mean age was 41.7 years (±14.8) and 31,529/61,826 (51.0%) sought medical care for migraine in the previous 12 months. Of those seeking care for migraine, 23,106/31,529 (73.3%) were female, 21,320/31,529 (67.6%) were White, and 28,030/31,529 (88.9%) had health insurance. Severe interictal burden (assessed via the Migraine Interictal Burden Scale‐4, MIBS‐4) occurred in 52.8% (16,657/31,529) of those seeking care and in 23.1% (6991/30,297) of those not seeking care; similar patterns were observed for severe migraine‐related disability (assessed via the Migraine Disability Assessment Scale, MIDAS) (36.7% [11,561/31,529] vs. 14.6% [4434/30,297]) and severe ictal cutaneous allodynia (assessed via the Allodynia Symptom Checklist, ASC‐12) (21.0% [6614/31,529] vs. 7.4% [2230/30,297]). Severe interictal burden (vs. none, OR 2.64, 95% CI [2.5, 2.8]); severe migraine‐related disability (vs. little/none, OR 2.2, 95% CI [2.0, 2.3]); and severe ictal allodynia (vs. none, OR 1.7, 95% CI [1.6, 1.8]) were strongly associated with seeking care for migraine. Conclusions: Seeking medical care for migraine is associated with higher interictal burden, disability, and allodynia. These findings could support interventions to promote care‐seeking among people with migraine, encourage assessment of these factors during consultation, and prioritize these domains in selecting treatments and measuring their benefits. Plain Language Summary: In this study, we looked at factors that related to a person's decision to seek medical care for migraine in a representative sample of over 60,000 adults with migraine in the United States. We found that only about half (51.0%) of the participants reported seeking care for migraine. We also found that people were more likely to seek medical care when migraine got in the way of their lives during and between migraine attacks, and when they had allodynia (pain from stimuli that do not normally cause pain). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The experiences of living with Parkinson's disease (PD) from the perspective of newly diagnosed persons with PD (PwPD) have not been previously described. Aim: This study aimed to gain a better understanding of the impact of living with the early stages of PD. Methods: A qualitative interview study was conducted among nine persons, seven men and two women, from southern Sweden. Participants had a median age of 71 (min–max, 64–77) years and had been diagnosed with PD for a median of 5 (min–max, 2–12) months. Interviews were recorded and analysed using systematic text condensation. Results: The analysis resulted in one core category, Facing and dealing with emotional turbulence, and four categories with 2–3 subcategories each: Something is wrong (Vague signs of change; Losing control); The going gets tough (Recalling; Lack of motivation); Losing direction (Uncertainties; Frightened of disease progression) and Dealing with life (Avoiding social situations; Hope and despair; Ease worries). Conclusion: Newly diagnosed PwPD face emotional turbulence with increasing challenges in managing everyday basic needs. Impaired functioning affects self‐esteem and identity, which calls for strategies to overcome emotional reactions of embarrassment, frustration and worry. A sense of lost control and direction increased as the future became more uncertain. The participants' emotional burden and struggle to find a reason to go on or some solution to their new situation left them with both hope and despair. Our results suggest that a person‐centred needs‐based approach may help newly diagnosed PwPD deal with their new life situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To characterize the extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on aspects of the anesthesia residency experience from the perspective of American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia (ACVAA) mentors and trainees. This includes the residency interview process, didactic training and availability and variety of clinical cases for resident learning. Cross-sectional, online, anonymous voluntary survey. A total of 58 respondents, representing 30 residency program mentors and 28 residents. Surveys were distributed by email to 94 residency program mentors and 70 residents, representing programs and residents registered with the ACVAA during the years of 2019–2021. Anonymous links to an online survey were provided via a link embedded in the email. Questions included perceived impacts (–5 to +5 scale) on didactic and clinical training, case distribution, workload, residency application and selection process, and mental health. Responses were summarized with descriptive statistics [median (IQR) or mean ± SD]. The overall survey response rate was 31.9% (30/94) and 40.0% (28/70) for resident program mentors and residents, respectively. There was a negative perceived impact on overall residency training reported: –1.0 (IQR –2.0 to 0) for program mentors and –1.5 ± 1.5 for residents. The reported perceived impact of travel limitations on case log completion was –2.0 (IQR –4.0 to –1.0) for program mentors and –2.4 ± 2.0 for residents. Program mentors and residents had incongruent feelings on the impact of the pandemic on work hours, with residents reporting a perceived increase in work hours [+2.1 ± 2.1 versus 0 (IQR –1.0 to 0)]. Residency program mentors and residents generally agreed that the COVID-19 pandemic had negatively impacted multiple aspects of residency interview and training process. A broader, objective analysis of veterinary anesthesia training programs is required to fully elucidate the scale of the impact on veterinary anesthesia training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Development Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The crisis directly related to the COVID-19 pandemic has put many states of the European Communities into recession. The measures that were introduced, on the one hand, were factors affecting labor markets, on the other hand, they had a fundamental impact on the quality of life of low-income groups. We found that the corona crisis and the subsequent economic collapse due to anti-pandemic measures led to a reduction in jobs and salaries, which caused an increase in the low-income population in individual EU countries. It analyzes the development of individual macroeconomic indicators: GDP (in 2020, GDP in the EU fell by 5.9% and in the eurozone by 6.4%), unemployment (disproportionate impact of the pandemic on the unemployment of the younger generation), inflation and their impact on low-income groups. The article examines the processes of public administration at home and abroad during the implementation of interventions in the time of COVID-19 and analyzes the process of changes in society. We identify the relationship between public administration interventions in the pandemic period and the quality of life of low-income citizens. This article is a partial output of the project VEGA 1/0595/21 – Public administration interventions at the time of COVID-19 and their impact on the quality of life of citizens of selected communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background Urban farms are spaces designated for the cultivation of plants for food security, medicinal and curative purposes. Since the turn of the century, they have become more widespread and health benefits have been claimed; however, no consensus exists regarding this information. Hence, this study aims to provide information about the health effects of urban farming. Methods Protocol register number CRD42023448001. We followed the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Studies addressing urban farming interventions in any population group were included without age limitation of publication from PubMed, DOAJ, CAB Abstracts and NIH. Risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias In Non-randomized Studies - of Interventions tool, and data were narratively synthesized. Results The search retrieved 2578 manuscripts, reduced to seven after screening. Urban farming's impact on health has been reflected in the physical domain by increasing self-reported health levels, physical activity, perceived general health, healthy eating and decreasing drug use. Parasites' presence has also been reported. In the mental aspect, urban farming is associated with relaxation and stress reduction. From a social perspective, urban farms provide a sense of belonging, personal growth and happiness. Conclusions The benefits of urban farming outweigh the disadvantages. Further research should be conducted to clarify the potential benefits of this practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides an epistemological assessment of climate analogue methods, with specific reference to the use of spatial analogues in the study of the future climate of target locations. Our contention is that, due to formal and conceptual inadequacies of geometrical dissimilarity metrics and the loss of relevant information, especially when reasoning from the physical to the socio-economical level, purported inferences from climate analogues of the spatial kind we consider here prove limited in a number of ways. Indeed, we formulate five outstanding problems concerning the search for best analogues, which we call the problem of non-uniqueness of the source, problem of non-uniqueness of the target, problem of average, problem of non-causal correlations and problem of inferred properties, respectively. In the face of such problems, we then offer two positive recommendations for a fruitful application of this methodology to the assessment of impact, adaptation and vulnerability studies of climate change, especially in the context of what we may prosaically dub “twin cities”. Arguably, such recommendations help decision-makers constrain the set of plausible climate analogues by integrating local knowledge relevant to the locations of interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the requirements of high stiffness and impact strength of HDPE pipes, in this article, long fiber reinforced HDPE were developed and the effects of fiber length, volume fraction, types, and matrix/fiber interface on the mechanical properties were investigated. Tensile properties, notched impact strength, as well as microstructures were tested. The results showed that fibers increased the tensile strength, modulus, and impact strength, but decreased their plastic deformation. Larger fiber fraction indicates more fibers are involved in load bearing, but easy agglomeration. With ascending fiber length, tensile, and impact strength first increased and then decreased, whereas tensile modulus first increased and then maintained an almost constant value. Carbon fibers showed no advantages over glass fibers and basalt fibers in reinforcing HDPE due to the relatively poor interface bonding strength. Interface modification with KH550 improved the mechanical performance of composites, but the enhancement was limited. More effective methods should be developed for better performance. Highlights: Fiber increases strength and modulus, but decreases plastic deformation.Critical fiber length for basalt LFT is 2.6 mm obtained from SEM.Larger fiber volume and length lead to agglomerations.Difference in BF, CF, and GF reinforced HDPE is determined by interface.Interface modification enhances mechanical properties of LFT but limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Elastic cushioning materials protect human tissue from injury by absorbing impact energy and delaying its transfer. However, the potential compromise in force delivery to the hitting target remains unknown. Methods: To examine if silicone cushioning compromises punch force delivery to a hitting target, a double-blind crossover trial with 12 elite boxers was conducted following material tests. Each boxer delivered five maximal punches under two conditions: silicone-hand wrapping and gauze-hand wrapping, in counterbalanced order, with a 3-day interval between sessions. Force distribution along the Z-axis indicated the punch's intended direction, while forces along the X and Y axes represented force dissipation toward unwanted direction. Results: The material tests (based on ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA) demonstrated substantially higher compression to disruption for silicone than gauze of similar thickness. During the punching trials, the silicon-based hand wrapping exhibited slightly higher total force production (436 ± 33 N vs. 372 ± 12 N, p < 0.001) than the gauze-based hand wrapping. Moreover, force wastage, calculated as the sum of forces along the X and Y axes vs. the total force produced in percentage, was notably lower for silicone material (2.0% wastage) compared to gauze (3.8% wastage) (p < 0.001). The use of silicone materials lengthened the contact time between the punching fist and the hitting target from 35 ms to 50 ms (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The elastic cushion does not compromise the force delivery of the boxing glove to the hitting target. Instead, it appears to allow for additional maneuvering time for alignment during the fist-target contact with higher impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hearing and vestibular research in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) spans basic sciences, clinical research, and public health. Equitable health care and sustainable research models are threatened by several factors including the increasing prevalence of hearing impairment and vestibular disorders, reforms to the NZ public health system, and funding challenges within the research environment. Our perspectives as early career researchers can shape the future of hearing and vestibular research, healthcare, and clinical practice in NZ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large‐scale topographies affect global extreme weather and climate though dynamic and thermal forcing. However, the impacts of typical topographies on heat waves in different drylands globally remain unclear. In this study, we find that heat waves are mainly occurred in global drylands during 1940–2022. The frequencies and intensities of heat waves in global drylands have significantly increased after 1980s. Multiple numerical model simulations reveal that the impact range of Asian topography on heat waves in global drylands is widest, not only in East Asia, Central, and west Asia locally, but also can reach as far as North Africa and North America. While the impact ranges of topographies in Africa, Arabian Peninsula, North America, and South America on heat waves in drylands are relatively narrow, which are concentrated in localized and their surroundings. These conclusions could provide clues to understand the influence of topography on global weather and climate extremes. Plain Language Summary: Topographies have important impacts on heat waves in global drylands. Through numerical model simulations, this study reveals that Asian topography contributes significantly to heat waves in global drylands, with the widest impact ranges which can cover drylands of East Asia, Central and west Asia, North Africa, even North America. The impacts of the East African Plateau, the Arabian Plateau, the Sierra Madre in North America and the Andes in South America on heat waves are mainly in the local and surrounding regions. Key Points: Heat waves are mainly occurred in global drylands and experience significant increases after 1980sThe impact range of Asian topography on heat waves in global drylands is widest, which can reach as far as North Africa and North AmericaThe topographies in Africa, Arabian Peninsula, North America, and South America can only affect heat waves in localized and surroundings [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The detection of impact and depth defects in Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) composites has been extensively studied to develop effective, reliable, and cost-efficient assessment methods through various Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) techniques. Challenges in detecting these defects arise from varying responses based on the geometrical shape, thickness, and defect types. Long Pulse Thermography (LPT), utilizing an uncooled microbolometer and a low-resolution infrared (IR) camera, presents a promising solution for detecting both depth and impact defects in GFRP materials with a single setup and minimal tools at an economical cost. Despite its potential, the application of LPT has been limited due to susceptibility to noise from environmental radiation and reflections, leading to blurry images. This study focuses on optimizing LPT parameters to achieve accurate defect detection. Specifically, we investigated 11 flat-bottom hole (FBH) depth defects and impact defects ranging from 8 J to 15 J in GFRP materials. The key parameters examined include the environmental temperature, background reflection, background color reflection, and surface emissivity. Additionally, we employed image processing techniques to classify composite defects and automatically highlight defective areas. The Tanimoto Criterion (TC) was used to evaluate the accuracy of LPT both for raw images and post-processed images. The results demonstrate that through parameter optimization, the depth defects in GFRP materials were successfully detected. The TC success rate reached 0.91 for detecting FBH depth defects in raw images, which improved significantly after post-processing using Canny edge detection and Hough circle detection algorithms. This study underscores the potential of optimized LPT as a cost-effective and reliable method for detecting defects in GFRP composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The large-scale use of composite materials reinforced with carbon–aramid hybrid fabric in various outdoor applications, which ensures increased mechanical resistance including in impact loadings, led to the need to investigate the effects of aggressive environmental factors (moisture absorption, temperature, thermal cycles, ultra-violet rays) on the variation of their mechanical properties. Since the literature is still lacking in research on this topic, this article aims to compare the low-velocity impact behaviour of two carbon–aramid hybrid composite materials (with and without rubber core) and to investigate the effects of water absorption on impact properties. The main objectives of this research were as follows: (i) the investigation of the mechanical behavior in tests for two impact energies of 25 J and 50 J; (ii) comparison of the results obtained in terms of the force, displacement, velocity, and energy related to the time; (iii) analysis of the water absorption data; (iii) low-velocity impact testing of wet specimens after saturation; (iv) comparison between the impact behaviour of the wet specimens with that of the dried ones. One of the main findings was that for the wet specimens without rubber core, absorbed impact energy was 16% less than the one recorded for dried specimens at an impact energy of 50 J. The failure modes of the dried specimens without rubber core are breakage for both carbon and aramid fibres, matrix cracks, and delamination at matrix–fibre interfaces. The degradation for the wet specimens with rubber core is much more pronounced because the decrease in the absorbed impact energy was 53.26% after 10,513 h of immersion in water and all the layers were broken. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The material properties of sapwood and heartwood vary within various wood species and even they can show significant differences within a single tree. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), a species that plays a crucial role in timber production for joinery and building construction applications, is among those that show a notable distinction between its heartwood and sapwood. To examine the influence of moisture content (MC) on the impact behaviour of the sapwood and heartwood of pine, we tested specimens with two distinct moisture levels: a low moisture content (LMC) group with 12% MC and a high moisture content (HMC) group with 45% MC. In our study, we investigated deflection, normal strain and force development of the specimens during the short period of an impact, and also calculated the impact bending strength (IBS) of samples, using an impact testing machine equipped with a high-speed camera and digital image correlation method. Our results indicate that the differences between sapwood and heartwood at LMC were insignificant in the case of maximum deflection and normal strain, thus there is no need for differentiation; however, these differences became more pronounced, and non-negligible, with an increase in MC. We also evaluated the IBS of both heartwood and sapwood and found that, at LMC, heartwood had greater impact bending strength than sapwood, making it a preferable choice as a material subjected to impact loadings. Conversely, at HMC, both heartwood and sapwood would be equally strong against impacts, indicating that pine green wood shows no sensitivity to the ratio of sapwood to heartwood in the tree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Hessian fly (HF, Mayetiola destructor) is one of the most destructive pests of wheat and wheat-related cereals. Wheat resistance and/or susceptibility to HF are often affected by the levels of phytohormones in plants. In this study, we tested the impact of phytohormones on Molly wheat resistance to HF biotype GP by externally applying phytohormones, including salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), 12-oxophytodienoic acid (OPDA), and auxin (indole acetic acid, IAA) to wheat seedlings under heat conditions. Our results indicated that the impact of externally applied phytohormones on wheat resistance to HF depends on the timing of phytohormone application and/or HF larval density at HF feeding sites in the plants. The early application of SA, OPDA, and IAA enhanced wheat resistance to HF under heat stress at low larval density, while the delayed application of SA, OPDA, and IAA did not affect wheat resistance to HF at high larval density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bread wheat germplasm is accessed from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) and the International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) by Australian wheat breeders and researchers through the CIMMYT Australia ICARDA Germplasm Evaluation (CAIGE) program. The CAIGE program coordinates the selection, importation, quarantine, dissemination, and evaluation of the imported bread wheat germplasm and the management of associated data and information. This paper describes the CAIGE model and assesses both the genetic and economic impacts of these materials on the Australian wheat industry after commercialisation of wheat breeding in the early 21st century and the establishment of CAIGE. The CAIGE concept was validated using data collected and analysed from multi-environment trials between 2017 and 2020. The impact of cultivars with and without CAIGE contribution to pedigree on yield was estimated using production-by-variety statistics. Net gain in yield, estimated as the yield difference between CAIGE and Non-CAIGE varieties, was multiplied by the percentage contribution to pedigree to estimate the additional yield. The CAIGE bread wheat program identified diverse, high-yielding, and disease-resistant germplasm and significantly improved the capture and dissemination of information. The benefit-cost ratio, calculated as the sum of benefits divided by investments, indicated that, for every dollar invested in CAIGE, a further $20 was generated in benefits. The internal rate of return was estimated at 163% and the modified rate at 18%. The benefits of these international materials to Australian wheat breeding remained significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Proficiency in medical writing and publishing is essential for medical researchers. Workshops can play a valuable role in addressing these issues. However, there is a lack of systematic summaries of evidence on the evaluation of their impacts. So, in this systematic review, we aimed to evaluate all articles published on the impact of such workshops worldwide. Methods: We searched Ovid EMBASE, Ovid Medline, ISI Web of Science, ERIC database, and grey literature with no language, time period, or geographical location limitations. Randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, before-after studies, surveys, and program evaluation and development studies were included. We performed a meta-analysis on data related to knowledge increase after the workshops and descriptively reported the evaluation of other articles that did not have sufficient data for a meta-analysis. All analyses were performed using Stata software, version 15.0. Results: Of 23 040 reports, 222 articles underwent full-text review, leading to 45 articles reporting the impacts of workshops. Overall, the reports on the impact of such workshops were incomplete or lacked the necessary precision to draw acceptable conclusions. The workshops were sporadic, and researchers used their own method of assessment. Meta-analyses of the impact on the knowledge showed that workshops could nonsignificantly increase the mean or percentage of participants' knowledge. Conclusion: In the absence of systematic academic courses on medical writing/publishing, workshops are conducted worldwide; however, reports on educational activities during such workshops, the methods of presentations, and their curricula are incomplete and vary. Their impact is not evaluated using standardized methods, and no valid and reliable measurement tools have been employed for these assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The layered configuration of different material plates is one of the ways of achieving protection against different kinds of kinetic energy ammunitions. The thickness of each plate is one of the most important influencing parameters to prevent the penetration of the projectile. In the present study, a layered configuration of the Al2O3 and Al 7075-T651 is analysed, to prevent the perforation of 7.62 mm Lead core projectile, under normal impact conditions, by using LS-DYNA numerical simulations. Experiments were conducted on Al 7075-T651 plate and Numerical model was validated with experiment results. To achieve the objective, the validated numerical model was used to investigate influence on various Al2O3 and Al 7075-T651 combinations. Three factors led to the selection of Al 7075-T561 and Al2O3 as the target materials. First, the literature review revealed that these materials have already been employed in the construction of armour. Second, Al2O3 is a brittle material whereas Al 7075-T651 is ductile. Consequently, when combined in a layered arrangement, these materials offer the ideal destroyer-absorber arrangement. Thirdly, these materials have lower densities than steel. As a result, these materials offer a lightweight alternative for lead core 7.62 mm bullet defense. From the analysis, it is observed that two layered configurations were found to be effective in the prevention of bullet perforation: a front plate of Al2O3 that was 10mmthick and had a rear plate of Al 7075-T651 that was 06mmthick, and a front plate of Al2O3 that was 04mm thick and had a 12 mm thick layer of Al 7075-T651. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In line with the sustainable development goal to end poverty in all forms, the Nigerian Government launched Government Enterprise and Empowerment Programme (GEEP) - as a social investment programme to alleviate poverty by providing credit to petty traders to support entrepreneurship. This study assesses the impact of Government Enterprise and Empowerment Programme (GEEP) on the poverty status of beneficiaries in Cross River State, Nigeria. Specifically, it compared the mean income before, and after accessing the loan, analysed the determinants of poverty status of the respondents in the study area, enumerated the benefits of GEEP to the respondents, and identified the challenges faced by the beneficiaries in accessing the loan. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select 394 respondents who had benefitted from the programme across the eleven Local Government Areas (LGAs) that the programme covered. Data were obtained from primary source with the aid of a well-structured questionnaire, and analyzed using; frequency count, mean, Foster Greer and Thorbecke (FGT) model, paired T- test (Z), and logistic regression analysis. The results showed that, majority of the respondents were male (55.6%) with a mean age of 35 years, and had an average household size of 5 persons. The study also showed that 98.9% of the respondents were educated. The mean monthly income before GEEP support was N 44,535.53, while after GEEP it was N54180.20. Thirty-six percent of the total respondents were poor (36%). The comparative analysis of the mean income before and after accessing the loan showed that, there was a significant difference between their mean incomes at 5% level of significance. Key variables that determined poverty status were; household size and loan amount. The main benefits of GEEP to the respondents were; increase in beneficiaries’ income, and improvement in their standard of living. The major challenges faced by the respondents were; lack of appropriate means to repay loan, stressful loan procedure, and difficulty in transferring money from mobile wallet to bank. The study recommended that the loan application process should be less complex to enable quick loan application. The GEEP programme should be sustained, and allowed to have wider coverage in both rural and urban areas of the country as it has assisted a lot of small business owners’ access to cheap credit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mangrove forest management is important in striving for environmental conservation in coastal areas. This study aims to 1) know the condition of mangrove forests after rehabilitation, 2) know the impact of mangrove forest rehabilitation activities on the community, 3) know the form of community participation in mangrove forests, 4) know alternative mangrove forest management strategies ideally. This study used a survey approach with interviews and field observations. The population is the entire coastal population in the study area, a sampling technique using "cluster random sampling". The data collection method uses interviews and field observations while data analysis of coastal resource management strategies is carried out with a SWOT Analysis approach. The results showed that 1) mangrove vegetation found included 4species from 3 families, namely the family Avicenniaceae (Avicennia marina), family Euphorbiaceae (Excoecariaagallocha), and family Rhizophoraceae (Rhizophoramucronata, Rhizophoraapiculata, and Bruguieragymnorizum) 2) The impact of mangrove forest rehabilitation in the study area is increasing fish catches, reducing coastal abrasion, resisting sea breezes, increasing biota catches (shrimp, crabs, shellfish) in coastal, and make the area a tourist attraction. 3) the form of participation in the form of thoughts (39.45%), energy (52.94%), expertise (65.91%), and goods/money (50.88%), 4) mangrove management strategies in Tanggul Tlare Village, Jepara Regency consist of 4 main priorities, namely community development in planting based on existing potential, increasing socialization to the community about the dangers of indiscriminate mangrove logging, providing counseling and socialization about the environment and mangrove ecosystem, Provide socialization about the application of government regulations on the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Freshwater ecosystems can serve as model systems that reveal insights into biological invasions. In this article, we summarize nine lessons about aquatic invasive species from the North Temperate Lakes Long-Term Ecological Research program and affiliated projects. The lessons about aquatic invasive species are as follows: Invasive species are more widespread than has been documented; they are usually at low abundance; they can irrupt from low-density populations in response to environmental triggers; they can occasionally have enormous and far-reaching impacts; they can affect microbial communities; reservoirs act as invasive species hotspots; ecosystem vulnerability to invasion can be estimated; invasive species removal can produce long-term benefits; and the impacts of invasive species control may be greater than the impacts of the invasive species. This synthesis highlights how long-term research on a freshwater landscape can advance our understanding of invasions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the potential ecological and economic impacts of invasive species, there is a dearth of data on the presence, impacts, and management implications of potentially invasive Orthoptera species. This lack of research and inconsistent data, including risk screenings and impact assessments, is especially evident in Europe. Consequently, assessing the status, distribution, and potential threats of nonnative Orthoptera in Europe remains challenging, impeding the development of effective management strategies. To address this gap, we call for increased efforts to collect and curate data on non‐native and possibly invasive Orthoptera in Europe. Such efforts will improve our understanding of this order's invasion dynamics, facilitate the identification of priority areas for conservation, and support the development of effective management policies and preventive measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sonder's In-Home Withdrawal Service (IHWS) has been providing a unique home-based, multidisciplinary, wraparound withdrawal option for people with low-to-moderate levels of substance dependence since September 2019. This paper provides an evaluation of the service's overall impact on reducing substance use among clients through the delivery of this innovative service model. The evaluation explores the acceptability and feasibility of the service via client, stakeholder, and staff perspectives. Methods: A mixed-method design was used to evaluate the IHWS. Descriptive analysis of quantitative data was conducted using clinical assessments from client records and online feedback surveys. Qualitative data from client, staff, and stakeholder feedback surveys were analysed thematically. Results: Overall, 1166 referrals were received over the lifespan of the service, and a data set of 96 clients was included in the analysis. Self-reported measures showed that most clients decreased their substance use (89%), improved their psychological health status (75%), improved their physical health (65%), improved their quality of life (69%), and improved their understanding and ability to manage their alcohol and other drugs (AOD) use (84%). Client feedback suggests the service is providing a unique option for AOD withdrawal. Stakeholders commend the service's home-based setting, multidisciplinary and person-centred approach to care, and recommended expansion of the service to increase access for clients and reduce demand on inpatient settings. Conclusions: The IHWS is having a significant impact in reducing substance use and highlights the need for increased access to holistic approaches to withdrawal. This includes pre- and post-withdrawal support and the inclusion of multidisciplinary teams, and engaging lived experience practitioners. A focus on funding primary-based services is required to meet the rising costs of tertiary-based care and to better meet the needs of consumers. Individuals with low-to-moderate levels of substance dependence require targeted services to safely manage their withdrawal. This paper evaluates a holistic approach to withdrawal that broadens the common medicalised approach through pre- and post-withdrawal stages of care and support from a multidisciplinary team including lived experience practitioners. The service reduces levels of substance use while also improving overall quality of life, demonstrating the need for more withdrawal services to consider the inclusion of holistic approaches to substance dependence support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Seasonal malaria chemoprevention using sulfadoxine‐pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine (sulfadoxine‐pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine on Day 1 and amodiaquine on both Day 2 and Day 3) is delivered to children aged 3–59 months in areas of highly season malaria transmission. While the overall population‐level impact of seasonal malaria chemoprevention on malaria control has been documented in various countries and time periods, there is no clear evidence regarding seasonal malaria chemoprevention impact based on the number of medicine doses children receive in one cycle in routine programmatic conditions. Methods: Data were extracted from Nigeria's routinely collected seasonal malaria chemoprevention end‐of‐round coverage surveys (2021, 2022). We matched seasonal malaria chemoprevention‐targeted children who received specific numbers of seasonal malaria chemoprevention medicines with those who did not receive any doses of seasonal malaria chemoprevention medicines (non‐sulfadoxine‐pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine) using multiple sets of propensity score matches. We performed multilevel logistic regression for each matched group to evaluate the association between the number of doses of seasonal malaria chemoprevention medicines and monthly confirmed malaria cases (caregiver‐reported malaria infection diagnosed by rapid diagnostic test at a health facility following the penultimate cycle of seasonal malaria chemoprevention). Results: Among 21,621 SMC‐targeted children, 9.7% received non‐sulfadoxine‐pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine, 0.5% received only Day 1 sulfadoxine‐pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine, 1.0% received Day 1 sulfadoxine‐pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine and either Day 2 amodiaquine or Day 3 amodiaquine (sulfadoxine‐pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine + amodiaquine), and 88.8% received Day 1 sulfadoxine‐pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine and both Day 2 and Day 3 amodiaquine (sulfadoxine‐pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine + amodiaquine + amodiaquine). Children receiving only Day 1 sulfadoxine‐pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine did not have significant lower odds of rapid diagnostic tests‐confirmed malaria than those receiving non‐sulfadoxine‐pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine (OR 0.77, 0.42–1.42). However, children receiving sulfadoxine‐pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine + amodiaquine had significantly lower odds of rapid diagnostic tests‐confirmed malaria than those receiving non‐sulfadoxine‐pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.28–0.63). Similarly, children receiving sulfadoxine‐pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine + amodiaquine + amodiaquine also had significantly lower odds of rapid diagnostic test‐confirmed malaria than those receiving non‐sulfadoxine‐pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.47–0.62). Conclusion: Adherence to at least one daily dose of amodiaquine administration following receipt of Day 1 sulfadoxine‐pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine by eligible children is crucial to ensure the effectiveness of seasonal malaria chemoprevention. This demonstrates the importance of enhancing caregiver awareness regarding the importance of amodiaquine and identifying barriers toward amodiaquine administration at the community level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper outlines the journey of one Scottish primary school in taking nurturing approaches forward over a 5‐year period, with the aims of improving staff understanding of their role and feeling skilled in using nurturing approaches and improving pupil's health and well‐being and confidence. Using an action research methodology and the local authority How Nurturing is our school framework (Fife Council Educational Psychology Service, 2022), an audit of current practice was undertaken, and priorities identified at universal, additional and intensive levels were put in place. Evaluation data were gathered in a variety of formats from pupils, staff, and parents. Analysis of the evaluation data indicates that pupils had improved understanding of their emotions and how to manage these, staff were experiencing improved relationships and ethos across the school and parents were happy with the support their children were being offered via the nurturing approaches. There was visible improvement in the physical environments, staff thrived on the personal coaching offered and more nurturing practice could be seen and heard throughout the school. It is concluded that the project has made a sustained impact on the health and well‐being of pupils and is now embedded in the school culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: "Improvement in the most bothersome symptom" was recently selected as a core outcome for endometriosis intervention trials. This study aimed to explore the applicability of the construct of "symptom bother" in representing the lived experiences of people with endometriosis. Material and Methods: Semi‐structured interviews were conducted to understand the meaning of "symptom bother" and related constructs. Eighteen interviews were conducted: 14 among people with a surgical diagnosis of endometriosis who were recruited from the community, and four with people who were recruited from a private gynecology clinic who had either a confirmed diagnosis or a high suspicion of the disease. All interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically. Results: Three primary themes were identified: (1) endometriosis symptoms and priorities vary with time and context, (2) endometriosis symptoms impair normal daily functioning, (3) endometriosis symptoms are more than just a "bother." The concept of "bother" to describe endometriosis symptoms did not resonate with most participants. Whilst "bother" was familiar language, it did not encompass the broader implications of living with endometriosis. Participants felt "bother" implied emotional distress, lacking a full understanding of the consequences of the disease. Instead, "symptom impact" was endorsed, allowing participants to quantify and objectively assess their symptoms, free from negative connotations. Conclusions: This was the first qualitative study to explore "symptom bother" among people living with endometriosis. Instead of "bother," "impact" was widely endorsed as a suitable construct. This term more appropriately captured the broad ways in which endometriosis symptoms impair daily functioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]