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Summary Atypical polypoid adenomyoma (APA) is a rare uterine lesion that commonly recurs after local excision and is occasionally associated with or anticipates the development of atypical hyperplasia or endometrioid adenocarcinoma. We report a case of a 45-year-old woman affected by APA treated with local resection.

Orientadores: Sophie Françoise Mauricette Derchain, Liliana Aparecida Lucci de Ângelo Andrade Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Resumo: Introdução: Evidências recentes sugerem que a estimulação hormonal dos esteróides pode estar envolvida no desenvolvimento e prognóstico das neoplasias de ovário. O estrogênio é um importante regulador do crescimento e diferenciação das células ovarianas, enquanto a progesterona pode oferecer proteção contra os efeitos mutagênicos do estrógeno, bloqueando o crescimento e induzindo a diferenciação e apoptose. No entanto, os dados atuais são limitados e os resultados conflitantes. Objetivo: Avaliar os padrões da expressão dos receptores de estrógeno (RE) e de progesterona (RP) em tumores borderline (TBO) e carcinomas de ovário. Foram avaliadas o tempo livre de doença (TLD) e a sobrevida total (ST) das mulheres com carcinoma em relação às expressões destes receptores esteróides. Métodos: Foi avaliada a expressão dos RE/RP em 172 carcinomas de ovário e 38 TBOs, em mulheres operadas de 1993 a 2008 na Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Brasil, e acompanhadas por até 60 meses. A expressão dos RE/RP foi avaliada por imunoistoquímica (IHQ) em microarranjo de tecidos (TMA). Para as análises estatísticas utilizamos os testes: Qui-quadrados (e exato de Fisher), modelo múltiplo linear generalizado (regressão logística), Cox de risco proporcional, representação de Kaplan Meyer e Mantel-Cox. Não foi possível calcular TLD e ST para os TBOs, pois não ocorreram mortes neste grupo. Resultados: Foram incluídos 28(73.7%) TOBs mucinosos e 10(26.3%) serosos. Os carcinomas de ovário foram compostos por 79(46%) serosos, 44(25.5%) mucinosos, 17(9.8%) endometrióides, 16(9.3%) mistos, 10(5.8%) de células claras, 4(2.4%) adenocarcinoma-SOE e 2(1.2%) de células transicionais. Entre os TBOs, 11(28.9%) foram positivos para a expressão do RE, em comparação com 61(35.5%) carcinomas (p=0.55). Dez (26.3%) dos TBOs e 47(27%) dos carcinomas foram positivos para RP (p=0.90). Nos TBOs, a expressão dos RE e RP foi maior nos serosos ao comparar com a dos mucinosos (p

Growing evidence suggests the involvement of TLR4, a receptor in the innate immune system, in muscle loss in uremia. Recently, we have evaluated TLR4 in human skeletal muscle from chronic kidney disease patients, by immunohistochemistry and image analysis. Unlike the commonly-used Western blot method, immunohistochemistry allows for the observation of protein distribution in the intact tissue while, image analysis, its quantification. In fact, our data highlighted our hypothesis that an enhanced TLR4 skeletal muscle cell expression contributes to the activation of the downward inflammatory pathway in uremic sarcopenia. In this protocol, we describe the procedure for immunostaining TLR4 in human skeletal muscle and for quantifying it by image analysis.

HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor-2) assessment in histological samples of gastric cancer is essential to determine which patients might benefit from trastuzumab therapy. HER2 is often evaluated in primary tumor even if trastuzumab therapy is used to treat metastatic disease. However, the exact relationship in terms of HER2 status between primary and metastatic tumors has not been fully clarified. We aimed to evaluate the HER2 status concordance between primary gastric cancer and corresponding distant metastasis. HER2 status was evaluated by IHC (immunohistochemistry) and/or FISH ( fluorescence in situ hybridization) in 41 patients in primary gastric cancer and in paired metastasis. HER2 was assessed according scoring criteria applied in clinical approach. HER2 positivity was found in 14,6 % primary tumors and in 24,4%corresponding metastasis. HER2 concordance rate between primary and metastasis was 80,5 % (K-value = 0,388). Eight/41 (19,5 %)cases resulted discordant: 6 patients with metastatic HER2 positive lesions were found HER2 negative in primary cancers while 2 patient HER2 positive in primary lesion showed a negative conversion in metastasis. Our results showed a good concordance in terms of HER2 status between primary and metastatic lesions, as well as in biopsy and surgical removed specimens. However, the higher rate of HER2 positive status found in metastatic lesions underlined the importance of HER2 assessment in all samples obtained from different sites of gastric cancer disease.

Introduction: In human breast cancer, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) mutation is involved in tumour growth and resistance to hormone therapy. The aim of the present study was to standardize immunohistochemistry (IHC) by anti-PI3K antibody in canine mammary samples, and to evaluate the different immunohistochemical expression in tumour progression. Materials and Methods: To assess the anti-PI3K antibody (clone D-9) specificity a western blot (WB) analysis was performed in the salivary gland and in normal canine mammary tissue. Samples from three normal mammary glands (NMGs), five benign (B) and 13 malignant (M) tumours were available for IHC. Immunohistochemical labelling was interpreted independently by two authors and the expression was evaluated by a semiquantitative method (50%) and according to a labelling intensity scale from 0 to 3. Results: WB analysis revealed two major bands of expected molecular weight (83 and 50 kDa) of PI3K isoforms. PI3K expression was >50% in all samples. Low (0 and 1) and high (2 and 3) labelling intensity was present respectively in 1 and 2 NMGs, 1 and 4 B and 2 and 11 M tumours. Conclusions: In this investigation, the anti-PI3K antibody (clone D-9) results were specific for canine mammary tissue. However, since immunohistochemical assessment of PI3K expression showed low variation in both extension and intensity from NMG to M tumours, IHC may not be the best technique to investigate the role of PI3K in tumour progression.

Submitted by STÊPHANE CÁSSIA OLIVEIRA ROSA VEXENAT null (stephanevexenat@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-02-07T21:05:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DEFESA DOUTORADO final.pdf: 967266 bytes, checksum: a5903200eeb05e1ccdd773bc57e41a08 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-02-13T16:47:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 vexenat_scor_dr_bot_int.pdf: 967266 bytes, checksum: a5903200eeb05e1ccdd773bc57e41a08 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-13T16:47:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 vexenat_scor_dr_bot_int.pdf: 967266 bytes, checksum: a5903200eeb05e1ccdd773bc57e41a08 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-12 O Osteossarcoma (OSA) refere-se ao tumor ósseo mais comum em cães. A citoinclusão compreende o ato de inserir amostras citológicas em blocos de parafina, auxiliando na qualidade do diagnóstico citológico e obtendo espécimes de reserva para serem utilizadas em outras técnicas, incluindo imunoistoquímica. Com o intuito de avaliar a sensibilidade, especificidade e descrição da técnica de citoinclusão no diagnóstico de OSA de ossos longos de cães, 11 cães de oito a 13 anos com diagnóstico de OSA foram submetidos a exames citológicos, histopatológicos e, técnica da citoinclusão. Para a citoinclusão, foi feita a punção do tumor, fixação com 1mL de álcool a 95%, deixado em repouso por cinco minutos na própria seringa e, aspirou-se aproximadamente 9 mL de formol a 10% e manteve-se fixado por mais 24 horas, mantendo a seringa posicionada para cima para decantação das células. Como imunomarcador, utilizou-se a osteopontina. Em razão da maior preservação arquitetural, a avaliação a partir das amostras de citoinclusão, verificou-se parte de relações arquiteturais mais bem estabelecidas do que em amostras de esfregaços, auxiliando na caracterização do processo. Houve concordância da citoinclusão com a histopatologia e marcação imunoistoquímica de osteopontina positiva com alta sensibilidade e especificidade. É possível afirmar, que a técnica de citoinclusão é eficaz, segura para pesquisa de marcadores prognósticos de tumores ósseos em menor espaço de tempo e baixo custo podendo ser utilizada em clínicas e hospitais veterinários, em rotina, obtendo um material possível de ser arquivado, permitindo o uso de outras técnicas como a imunoistoquímica. Osteosarcoma (OSA) refers to the most common bone tumor in dogs. Cell Block involves the insertion of cytological specimens into paraffin blocks, aiding in the quality of the cytologic diagnosis and obtaining reserve specimens for use in other techniques, including immunohistochemistry. In order to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and description of the Cell Block technique in the diagnosis of OSA of long dog bones, 11 dogs from 8 to 13 years old with OSA diagnosis were submitted to cytological, histopathological and Cell Block tests. For Cell Block, the tumor was punctured, fixated with 1mL of alcohol at 95%, allowed to stand for five minutes in the syringe itself, and approximately 9 mL of 10% formalin was aspirated and held for a further 24 Hours, keeping the syringe positioned upward for decantation of the cells. As an immunodiner, osteopontin was used. Due to the greater architectural preservation, the evaluation from the Cell Block samples, was verified part of architectural relations more well established than in swab samples, helping in the characterization of the process. There was concordance of the Cell Block with the histopathology and immunohistochemical labeling of positive osteopontin with high sensitivity and specificity. It is possible to affirm that the technique of Cell Block is effective, safe for research of prognostic markers of bone tumors in less time and at low cost, being able to be used in routine veterinary clinics and hospitals, obtaining a possible material to be archived, allowing The use of other techniques such as immunohistochemistry.

We have analyzed the distribution of aldolase A and C mRNAs and proteins in various areas of the human brain using Northern blot analyses and immunohistochemistry. Aldolase A mRNA expression was higher than aldolase C mRNA expression in all areas of the brain examined. Aldolase C mRNA expression was highest in the cerebellum. Aldolase C protein was present in well-delimited regions of the CNS, and was distributed in stripes in the Purkinje cell layer of the cerebellum, in the inferior olives and in the sensory neurons of the posterior horn of the spinal cord. The novel finding of aldolase C in well-delimited cell compartments of the human cerebellum and in several other areas of the CNS lends weight to the hypothesis that this protein exerts other functions (e.g. sensory transmission) besides those characteristic of a glycolytic enzyme.

A genetic background has been implicated in the development of prostate cancer. Protein microarrays have enabled the identification of proteins, some of which associated with apoptosis, that may play a role in the development of such a tumor. Inhibition of apoptosis is a co-factor that contributes to the onset and progression of prostate cancer, though the molecular mechanisms are not entirely understood. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) gene is required for translocation of the apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) from the mitochondria to the nucleus. Hence, it is involved in programmed cell death. Different PARP-1 gene expression has been observed in various tumors such as glioblastoma, lung, ovarian, endometrial, and skin cancers. We evaluated the expression of PARP-1 protein in prostatic cancer and normal prostate tissues by immunohistochemistry in 40 men with prostate cancer and in 37 normal men. Positive nuclear PARP-1 staining was found in all samples (normal prostate and prostate cancer tissues). No cytoplasmic staining was observed in any sample. PARP-1-positive cells resulted significantly higher in patients with prostate carcinoma compared with controls (P PARP-1 over-expression in prostate cancer tissue compared with normal prostate suggests a greater activity of PARP-1 in these tumors. These findings suggest that PARP-1 expression in prostate cancer is an attempt to trigger apoptosis in this type of tumor similarly to what reported in other cancers.