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Many modern digital products use Machine Learning (ML) to emulate human abilities, knowledge, and intellect. In order to achieve this goal, ML systems need the greatest possible quantity of training data to allow the Artificial Intelligence (AI) model to develop an understanding of "what it means to be human". We propose that the processes by which companies collect this data are problematic, because they entail extractive practices that resemble labour exploitation. The article presents four case studies in which unwitting individuals contribute their humanness to develop AI training sets. By employing a post-Marxian framework, we then analyse the characteristic of these individuals and describe the elements of the capture-machine. Then, by describing and characterising the types of applications that are problematic, we set a foundation for defining and justifying interventions to address this form of labour exploitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sociological deployments of Radical Italian theory have offered insight into the changing role of art in light of the generalised valorisation of creativity in post-Fordist societies. Less has been said about the increasingly useful character of art, as exemplified by artistic engagement with interdisciplinary forms of problem solving. This article focuses on the field of practice commonly known as ArtScience. I argue that Lazzarato's theory gains new relevance in this novel field of cultural practice, where material production is an increasingly minor element of artistic labour. I draw on two case studies from artists practising ArtScience in Berlin as speculative provocations for thinking about the ways in which social life today becomes implicated in the production of value, via processes of subjectivation, collaboration and communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On November 27 and 29, 2014, Prof. WANG Hui, the Director of Tsinghua Institute for Advanced Study in Humanities and Social Sciences in Beijing, invited Prof. Antonio Negri, one of Italy's most leading Marxist philosophers and activists, to give a series of lectures. I was invited by Prof. WANG Hui to offer comments and reflections on one of Prof. Antonio Negri’s lectures, titled “The Metropolis as Post-Industrial Factory”. New Bloom published this article in Chinese based on the transcripts of the above lecture. It was translated into English by Ngai Pun. Acknowledgement: I was invited by Christian Fuchs, the editor of tripleC, to publish this Dialogue as a memorial to Prof. Antonio Negri, who passed away on 16 December 2023 at the age of 90.

The dwelling always held work activities. However, with the emergence of capital, work spread more and more in the city, abandoning the dwelling due to new dynamics of mass production and accumulation that were no longer suited to the small scale of the house. It resulted in a gradual rethinking of domestic spaces, leading to the definition of the established duality of home/work. Instead, the digital revolution and the advent of capital's 'immaterial work' in western countries placed the domestic space as the potential epicentre of capitalist production. Immaterial work is not bound by spatial constraints and can therefore be carried out anywhere, even and especially at home. The insertion of production dynamics within the domestic sphere is generating numerous spatial-temporal conflicts of traditional places and functions, leading to new everyday life and new spatial needs. The paper therefore analyses the changing dynamics of the home and its spatial possibilities emerging from the potential merge of immaterial productivity with domesticity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines crowdsourced translation on TED.com – an initiative to disseminate general knowledge by producing TED Talks. Drawing on the Autonomist concept of immaterial labour and the theoretical model of Communities of Practice, it presents a critical analysis of participatory translation practices in the digital age, focusing on the relations between corporate actors and individual translation agents. By examining dynamics within communities of practice composed of translators on the TED platform, this study found that TED Translators provide immaterial labour as they help push forward both their individual goals and TED's overall agenda, and both the practice of translation and communication processes among translators become sources of meaning making for translators to negotiate their identities. More importantly, this study identifies tensions caused by the top-down approach taken by TED to manage the self-organised translator communities. While the translators provide immaterial labour for intellectual enrichment, pleasure and meaning making instead of monetary rewards, the corporate approach taken by TED treats translation as a source of add-on value and undermines group dynamics in translator collectivities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this article is to analyse women’s writing as immaterial labour, focusing on the case of contemporary Belarusian literature as the contribution to the de-Westernizing of creative labour studies. First, the paper focuses on language choice specific for contemporary Belarusian literature and educational opportunities as the prerequisites to begin a writing career set in the 1990–2000s. Second, the paper outlines the environment providing publishing and showcase opportunities, emphasising the mid-2010s as the period of increased diversity. And third, the paper assesses the conditions that influence creative expression sustaining the labour of creating writing in 2020–2023. Within this argumentation, the paper investigates the state of specifically women’s writing in Belarus, considering the problematics of equal opportunities. Thus, in the 1990– 2000s women’s writing wasn’t on the agenda aimed at the preservation of the field and relating it to the Belarusian language. In the 2010s educative and showcase opportunities supporting the efforts of young writers provided an equally beneficial environment for men and women writing in Belarusian or Russian. The representation of women writers increased, including more women writers awarded with book prizes by both state and independent organizations although still not equal with men writers. During 2020–2023 it is mostly recognized women writers over 40 years old, especially currently in emigration, who produce literary works that are successfully published in Belarusian or Russian. Younger women writers have less opportunities for publication and showcase, switching to autofiction of shorter formats barely sustaining their efforts as labour. Interestingly, in both cases the most common themes are ancestry and corporality, making women representation in contemporary Belarusian literature less diverse. This affects the demand in literary works by women writers among diverse groups of women as the reading audience, making the labour of women writers in Belarus more precarious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rise of post-industrial society, an ever bigger share of work takes the form of immaterial labour. While organizations of post-industrial economy continue to be gendered, the mechanisms for reproducing gender disparities are different than those in the traditional career path of the industrial era. Gender, which is the anchoring of a certain group of individuals in a specific sphere of social activities, gets re-produced as the segregation into ‘more’ and ‘less’ efficient workers takes place: quite often this is segregation into women and men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Socioloski Pregled is the property of Srpsko Sociolosko Drustvo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The contexts in which young people participate in sport are diverse. In Scandinavia, as in many other countries, child and youth sport is mainly organised in non-profit, membership-based and voluntary driven sports clubs. In Sweden, this model is now challenged by commercial businesses providing child and youth sport services. The overall aim of this article is to provide empirically based knowledge about these ongoing and largely unexplored commercialisation processes. The focus of the article is to illuminate how commercial businesses produce immaterial values through the promotion of sport services. In this article, we have explored the cultural and social values produced and promoted by commercial businesses in youth sport. Drawing on the website communications of eight commercial businesses from four different commercial strands, we use the concept of immaterial labour to consider the values produced when child and youth sport is turned into a desirable product on the market. The values generated from the texts on the selected websites are the immaterial values of (i) competence, (ii) individually adjusted training and, (iii) happiness. These values are enunciated differently by the businesses in the different strands. We situate the findings in relation to western social and cultural values and discuss the potential consequences of these value productions for contemporary ideas about youth sport and the way it should be organised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper addresses the current issue of crunch, which is one of the most common reasons for high employee turnover in the video game industry. This paper aims to identify the ideological assumptions that underlie this industry, their manifestation in work practices, the consequences, and possibilities for resistance. The ideologization of labour implies the process of creating implicit knowledge, values, beliefs, and hegemonic discourses of neoliberalism that normalise and enable the policy of management. In this, the shaping of emotions of passion and love for work plays an important role, which functions through the hybridisation of working hours and leisure, work and home space, company, and family. To form a union awareness in the video game industry, it is necessary to first understand this ideological structure.

The article explores the relationship between André Gorz's account of the possibility of a deproletarianised regime of labour and Bernard Stiegler's theory of the Neganthropocene. Gorz's formulation of the impact of computer and robotic systems on the turnover of capital was, I will argue, a turning point in the way critical theory conceived the social implications of technology. His account of the supervenience of work and culture over the sphere of production forms the basis of the fundamental questions about life, creativity, and freedom that have emerged in the digital age. The paper will show that it is this notion of a fragile and disputed supervenience that is re-formulated and extended in Stiegler's account of the Neganthropocene, particularly in his account of the fate of reflexive culture under the regime of global-digital capitalisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores how the social relationships of precarious workers contribute to employment and labour practices in the hospitality industry. In so doing, it contributes to theoretical discussions about the nature of post-Fordist labour, and to studies of the social relations of precarity as they are enacted in workers' intimate lives. Empirically, the article describes a distinctive mode of interpersonal negotiation and sociality practised by workers that is connected to the requirement that workers be 'fun' at work to facilitate consumption and to support the labour of co-workers. This sociality also shapes access to employment. However, the way that this takes place sheds light on divisions within the service labour force, in which employment opportunities are distributed through a social 'scene' that excludes migrant and ethnic minority workers. Involvement in this scene places the relationship between the public and the private in workers' social lives into a constant tension, but exclusion increases vulnerability to poor working conditions and exploitation. The article concludes by arguing that the relationship between the public and the private in the practice of affective labour is not dissolved so much as posed as a problem that workers must negotiate within the disciplinary requirements of labour in specific industries and the modes of embodied inequality shaping the service labour force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In her article, the author proposes to address the psychic 'work' of the moving image by aligning it with aspects of post-Bionian psychoanalytic theories that allude to virtual spaces as sites of reverie that, in enabling pre-linguistic 'feelings' to find expression, might produce shifts in thinking about disturbing or traumatic conditions and experiences. Her approach to psychoanalytic theory and the moving image is tested out in relation to one case study: Jeamin Cha's artists' film Sound Garden (2019), a film that refers to practices of counselling engaged in by four female protagonists who, on the soundtrack, reflect on their work and well-being in the context of neoliberalism in South Korean institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Television news corporations changed their work roles from a tradition of team production to a 'one-man-band' method of production. Many veteran reporters are hesitant to accept the new methodology. This study intended to examine how television news reporters adjusted to more work demands and new technologies. A questionnaire was combined with participant observation for analysis. The participants included 289 television journalists, selected from local affiliates throughout the United States. The results indicate that there is preference for younger workers and burnout occurring to all age groups. This study explores the commodification of the profession in terms of labour value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay aims to continue to develop the thesis that the welter of political-economic, social, technological, and subjective transformations that characterized the final decades of the 20th century and the first decades of the 21st necessitate a re-thinking of the relationship between social criticism and the critique of political economy. Herein the focus is directed towards the critique of reification and industrial rationalization as developed in the works of Georg Lukács and Cornelius Castoriadis. Drawing on recent phenomenological and psychological analyses of work within contemporary capitalism, I argue for both the historical obsolescence of the critique of reification as it has been traditionally understood and, consequently, the need for novel conceptual responses to the pressing needs of our time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Denne artikkelen er en teoretisk diskusjon av bruken av såkalte «sosiale» medier-plattformer. Ofte fremstilles internett som en nøytral arena for sosial kontakt og nærhet. Denne forståelsen tilslører internetts økonomiske sider, og især hvordan nettbrukerne utbyttes som gratisarbeidere. Tekstens formål er derfor å utfordre den «sosiale» forståelsen av internett. Jeg anvender i denne anledning marxistisk teori for å analysere nettbruken som arbeid. «Sosiale» medier analyseres som en digital fabrikk hvor gratisarbeidet konstitueres som sosiale aktiviteter adskilt fra kapitalens instrumentelle mål. Jeg kontekstualiserer slik etableringen av «sosiale» medier som et ledd i en større økonomisk prosess hvor skillet mellom fritid/arbeid viskes ut mens våre liv koloniseres av kapitalen på grunn av den sosiale fabrikkens fremvekst. Denne koloniseringen fører dessuten til varegjøring av nettbrukerne. Jeg konkluderer med at vi trenger nytekning rundt arbeid som fenomen for å begrense kapitalens evne til utbytting, så vel som rundt det såkalte «sosiale» internett for å begrense kapitalens evne til å generalisere produksjonsmodellen som kjennetegner internett, til samfunnet i sin helhet.

Marx developed a sophisticated theory of labour under capitalism's expanding reproduction but wrote little specifically on immaterial labour. This paper reflects on how to build from Marx's writings a more comprehensive theory of immaterial labour. Integral to this theorisation is bringing in young Marx's writings on alienation and human nature, and praxis read as the 'point of knowledge is to change the world'. Integrating the young and mature work into a single perspective that highlights the actively causal dimension of human creativity and knowledge for the making of history critically adds to and thereby transforms the naturalism and structural determinism of orthodox readings of Marx's Marxism. We relate this theorisation specifically to the project of liberating academic labour from the shackles of its neoliberal containment by making 'knowledge socialism'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article contributes to recent debates about the relationship between affective labour and class by exploring the classed distinctions enacted through affective labour in the urban night-time economy. Bringing theories of affective labour into a dialogue with Bourdieusian feminist analysis, the article explores the affective and symbolic dynamics of hospitality labour in a gentrified inner-urban neighbourhood of Melbourne, Australia. It shows how the practice of hospitality labour enacts classed distinctions and tensions emerging from the gentrification of inner-urban areas, and how the aesthetic and symbolic dimensions of class contribute to the valorisation of affect in hospitality venues. The valorisation of affect are processes in which the value attributed to an atmosphere or consumption experience is based on the forms of distinction practised within the venue, enacted in aesthetics, tastes and modes of embodiment. The article also shows how practices of class distinction – both 'punching up' and 'managing down' – are connected to the gendered politics of service work in the way that workers manage the threat of violence or sexual harassment in venues. In general, the article shows how the classed dynamics of gentrification are enacted in affective economies, and therefore how Bourdieusian analysis of class can be usefully deployed in theoretical debates about affective labour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2017 and 2019 general elections showed a strong bedrock of Labour support among the working age population and particularly the under thirties. This is a consequence both of long‐term changes to the composition of class cohorts, political events, and the experience of a decade of Conservative governments, whose policies have shielded the retired and the elderly. These conditions have not changed and, under the impact of Covid‐19 are, if anything, sharpening. The challenge of the Labour Party's new leadership under Keir Starmer is keeping hold of this crucial component of the party's electoral coalition while making inroads into Tory support. Initial movement in the polls suggests he is on course for achieving the latter, but positions taken on Black Lives Matter, the government's coronavirus strategy, and a managerialist oppositional style recalls the triangulation strategy associated with the Blair years. This article considers the possibilities and dangers of adopting this approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Video games developers engage with their creations, and games in general, in profoundly emotional ways. Since the industry became a mass-market phenomenon, a growing body of research has emerged interrogating the connections between developers and the games they produce and how these connections relate to broader affective issues seen in the cultural and creative industries. Most of the research in this field focuses on core markets such as the United States (US), Europe and Japan, leaving a significant gap of empirical research in peripheral locations. While emotional and affective issues are also present in peripheral games development, games production in these locations is often influenced by core-like global cultural tropes. Drawing on ideas and concepts about immaterial labour and based on semi-structured interviews, the analysis shows that many Chilean developers often see Japanese and North American games as the primary source of inspiration. As a result, the periphery's games are essentially locked into the tropes, themes, and core markets' characters. While this might be viewed as disadvantageous, Chilean developers have identified this trait as a major strength when competing in the global game market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the cultural and economic logics of social media celebrity constitution under the contemporary conditions of advanced capitalism. Although the past two decades have witnessed a great deal of interest in the constitution of social media celebrities in the new media ecosystem, little research directly deals with the constitution of this kind of 'statue' and contemporary capitalism nexus. In this sense, the present article, through the lens of immaterial labour theory, will focus on the following research question: how are Turkey's economic and political transitions reflected in the new media ecosystem, especially within the rising concept of neoliberal individualism? By taking up this question, this article will regard the cultural and economic logics of social media celebrities as immaterial labour and evaluate their role in the new media ecosystem by regarding Turkish YouTubers as its case study. This study argues that the constitution of social media celebrity and contemporary capitalism's commodification logic are strongly tied to each other. The present study has found that the constitution of social media celebrity under the contemporary conditions of capitalism is reproduced by the macro transformation process into a new media ecosystem, especially in the case of Turkish YouTubers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Creativity is at the heart of the video game industry. Industry professionals, especially those producing blockbuster games for the triple-A market, speak fondly of their creative labour practices, flexible work schedules, and playful workplaces. However, a cursory glance at major triple-A franchises reveals the persistence of sequel game production and a homogeneity in genres and narratives. Herbert Marcuse’s critique of one-dimensionality may help to account for this discrepancy between the workers’ creative aspirations and the dominant homogeneity in game aesthetics. What I call ‘one-dimensional creativity’ defines the essence of triple-A game production. In the name of extolling the pleasure principle at work, one-dimensional creativity eliminates the reality principle, but only superficially. One-dimensional creativity gives game developers the opportunity to express themselves, but it is still framed by a particular technological rationality that prioritises profits over experimental art. One-dimensional creativity negates potential forms of creativity that might emerge outside the industry’s hit-driven logics. Conceptually, ‘one-dimensional creativity’ renders visible the instrumentalisation of play and the conservative design principles of triple-A game production – a production that is heavily structured with technological performance, better graphics, interactivity, and speed. Multi-dimensional video game production and aesthetics, the opposite of one-dimensional creativity, is emerging from the DIY game production scene, which is more invested in game narratives and aesthetics outside the dominant logics of one-dimensionality in triple-A game production.

Using the LeBron James brand as a case study, this article adds insight into the phenomenon of self-branding by demonstrating that sports fans play an essential role in building the value of athletes' personal brands. Drawing on Hearn's theory of self-branding and Arvidsson's concept of 'ethical surplus', it argues that audience members participated in the immaterial labour required to build (and re-build) the value of the LeBron James and Nike brands. By considering this immaterial labour within the neo-liberal context in which it occurs, this article highlights a central tension between the individual and the group that lies at the heart of athletes' self-branding practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I discuss the connection between discursive and social practice on the so-called 'social' internet. While the economic significance of platform capitalism grows, the discourse which constitutes these platforms as the substrate of the 'social' internet remains largely unquestioned. I will argue that economic realities are obscured by the social frames of interpretation which dominate our understanding of the internet. I will show how the internet is dominated by this naturalized discourse which I name 'sociodigital'. Whether the internet may best be described in social terms or not is a question outside of the scope of this text. Rather, I will analyse how exploitation is veiled by this myth of the 'social' internet. The importance of this lies in unveiling hidden exploitation in an era where economic inequalities are increasing both rapidly and globally while simultaneously, the importance of 'softer' linguistic power increases. This makes discourse analysis important to reveal hidden power relations. I will argue that the users of 'social' media are exploited through their production of content, as this generates profits for the capitalist. This exploitation is however both veiled and increased by the discourse, which thus functions ideologically. Therefore, I will wield critical discourse analysis to unravel how the myth of the 'social' internet suppresses the economic consequences of exploitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reification, a central theme in radical social/political theory from the 1920s onward, has started falling out of fashion since the 1970s, a period when a number of crucial alterations in the composition of capital and labour start taking place, for example, the tendential hegemony of immaterial/biopolitical labour. The main goal of this article is to discuss reification in light of contemporary changes in the shape of capitalism such as the above. After discussing the relation between reification, alienation and commodity fetishism, I highlight, largely following Hardt and Negri, how reification under the hegemony of immaterial/biopolitical production is, on the one hand, intensified and, on the other hand, (potentially) easier to diagnose, diminish or overcome, due to the increasing emergence of the common as a social relation antagonistic to capital. The article concludes with a note on Wittgenstein and the critique of reification of the symbolic (language) and the 'inner' (affects) as the new extended terrain of struggle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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On the precipice of space exploration, smart fabrics, biochips and exoskeletons, the materiality of our wearable and body-centric future is a critical and political issue. If we are to develop technologies to take us to new places, we should be able to imagine radically different futures. The materials, tools and supply chains available to us seed the future we can build and are fuel for the possibilities we can imagine. Textile-based Do It Yourself (DIY) electronics have been suggested in Maker technology circles as an alternative path to electronics to broaden the diversity of those imagining our future, but they are still heavily divided by lines of gender, and hindered by supply chain availability. There are many textile-based technologies that have unique technical qualities to offer, but their development is stifled by systemic issues. This article suggests that e-textile technologies are a result of an entrenched system of power and act as a control method over the vision of the future rather than the suggested notion that they are an avenue of exploration. Using Erbu Kurbak's concept of Lost Futures, and Elizabeth Ryan's interoperation of wearable technology as immaterial labour, I make the case for e-textile practice being a trap and never equal contributor to the technological discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This paper offers a discussion of the role played by the philosophy of language in the post-Operaist critique of contemporary capitalism, focussing specifically on the relation between language and questions of labour and value. It argues that the post-Operaist philosophy of language is a philosophy of immaterial labour which enables us to make new diagnoses concerning the contradictions and antagonisms of late, cognitive, financialized capitalism. The first part of the article broadly outlines post-Operaist thinking about language in the context of contemporary Italian philosophy of language. In this part, the argument is made for a shift from using the term 'philosophy of language' to the notion of a 'philosophy of the linguistic faculty'. Part two is devoted to the main aspects of the post-Operaist critique of contemporary capitalism. The third presents an analysis of this post-Operaist philosophy of the linguistic faculty as a philosophy of living, immaterial labour, by examining the post-Operaist view of language within the wider context of Marxist theory, stressing the political character of the post-Operaist approach. Highlights • The post-Operaist philosophy of language is a philosophy of linguistic faculty. • In contemporary capitalism language is a means of production of value. • The post-Operaist philosophy of linguistic faculty is a philosophy of immaterial labour. • The immaterial aspect of labour refers to the application of rules. • Contemporary capitalism is characterized by the contradiction between immaterial labour as praxis and as a source of value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Moulier Boutang's book Cognitive Capitalism introduces a radically different conception of the key resources - 'immaterial labour' and 'capture of externalities' - for economic activity, compared with the argument in the knowledge economy discourse that professionals manipulate 'symbols'. The paper explores this claim by firstly, outlining the tenets of Moulier Boutang's argument and explaining why it introduces a new conception of value compared with how that concept is normally defined in neo-classic and Marxist economics. Secondly, explaining why client-facing project teams constitute a paradigmatic example of immaterial activity. Thirdly, makes visible the modes of activity which facilitate the capture of externalities by supplementing Moulier Boutang's concept with Boltanski and Thevénot's ideas about different economies or conceptions of worth. Case study evidence of a global engineering consulting company is then used to identify three expressions of immaterial activity - educative', 'experimental' and 'entrepreneurial' - that assist engineers to articulate their value to clients. The paper concludes by arguing immaterial activity: (i) constitutes a form of expertise that is very different from the prevailing knowledge economy wisdom that knowledge workers manipulate symbols explicitly or tacitly; and, (ii) problematises the sui generis nature of the global 'employability' skills discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The focus of this article is youth and youthfulness in the contemporary economy. Drawing on theories of immaterial labour, the article moves beyond an existing focus on ‘young people’ as capital accumulating subjects to theorize the production of youthfulness as a quality that circulates through immaterial economies and that is mobilized to confer a particular form of value on consumer goods, service interactions and labouring subjectivities. The production of youthfulness is made possible through relations between the micro-level production and consumption that take place within youth cultures and modes of sociality, the production practices and marketing activities of firms, and young people whose capacities for embodiment, sociability and youthful consumption cultivated both within and outside of paid employment contribute to their constitution as labouring subjects. Within this network of relations, youthfulness is mobilized to distribute playful affects, offer the possibility of hedonistic leisure/pleasure and confer symbolic distinctions of cutting edge style. These economies of youthfulness constitute a specific means by which production, consumption, labour and leisure intersect in the labouring subjectivities and immaterial products of the contemporary service economy, and contribute to the formation of valorized and devalorized youth subjectivities in relation to the new economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article critiques post-operaist conceptualisations of immaterial labour from the perspective of Marxian value-form theory. Critiquing the idea of the ‘crisis of measurability’ created by immaterial labour and the contention that this makes redundant the law of value, it contests the novelty, immediate abstractness and immeasurable productivity post-operaists attribute to contemporary labour using the New Reading of Marx. The first part explores this theoretical conflict, asserting that post-operaismo refutes Marx’s value theory only insofar as it holds a productivist understanding of value to begin with. The second reflects upon the political implications through a consideration of the post-operaist advocacy of a universal basic income. Appeals to reward, recompense and redistribution rest upon the veracity of the claims made in the post-operaist treatment of labour, value and their immateriality and immeasurability. A value-form analysis exposes flaws in the assumptions about value and labour that support their case for a universal basic income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista FAMECOS - Mídia, Cultura e Tecnologia is the property of EDIPUCRS - Editora Universitaria da PUCRS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Arianna Bove reviews Enda Brophy’s Language Put to Work: The Making of the Global Call Centre Workforce (2018). Palgrave Macmillan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this interview, Antonio Negri first focuses on the possibility of defining the concept of ‘social movement’. By mobilizing a spectrum of references that goes from Carl Schmitt to the Weberian sociology of religion, he insists on the necessity, not to sociologically crystallize the concept, but, instead, to think about it in a historical manner. Social movements would then be attempts at activating ‘liberation processes’, which nowadays can only be thought of within the conditions of financial capitalism. Negri then proceeds to examine the relation between the concept of social movement and those of class and class struggle: he suggests a dynamic and relational interpretation of the Marxian concept of ‘living labour’ as a bridge between a class analysis of society and the study of social movements, movements which in the contemporary landscape are ready to take an ‘entrepreneurial’ connotation. The political and intellectual experience of Italian Workerism in the 1960s is then recalled as a fertile example of the application of this method of social analysis, but also as an exemplification of the principle of ‘unrepeatability’ of social movements. The author finally claims to be a ‘theorist of immaterial labour’ in order to then develop a radical critique of the idea of so-called ‘post-materialist’ movements and of the effects that such a notion has had on the sociology of social movements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]