Search

Abstract Background Kienböck’s disease is idiopathic lunate avascular necrosis, which may lead to lunate collapse, abnormal carpal motion and wrist arthritis. The current study aimed to assess the outcomes of treating stage IIIA Kienböck’s disease by a novel technique of limited carpal fusion via partial lunate excision with preservation of the proximal lunate surface and scapho-luno-capitate (SLC) fusion. Materials and methods We conducted a prospective study of patients with grade IIIA Kienböck’s disease managed with a novel technique of limited carpal fusion comprising SLC fusion with preservation of the proximal lunate articular cartilage. Autologous iliac crest bone grafting and K-wires fixation were used to enhance the osteosynthesis of the SLC fusion. The minimum follow-up period was 1 year. A visual analog scale (VAS) and the Mayo Wrist Score were utilized for the evaluation of patient residual pain and functional assessment, respectively. A digital Smedley dynamometer was used to measure the grip strength. The modified carpal height ratio (MCHR) was used for monitoring carpal collapse. The radioscaphoid angle, scapholunate angle, and the modified carpal-ulnar distance ratio were used for the assessment of carpal bones alignment and ulnar translocation of carpal bones. Results This study included 20 patients with a mean age of 27.9 ± 5.5 years. At the last follow-up, the mean range of flexion/extension range of motion (% of normal side) improved from 52.8 ± 5.4% to 65.7 ± 11.1%, P = 0.002, the mean grip strength (% of normal side) improved from 54.6 ± 11.8% to 88.3 ± 12.4%, P = 0.001, the mean Mayo Wrist Score improved from 41.5 ± 8.2 to 81 ± 9.2, P = 0.002, and the mean VAS score reduced from 6.1 ± 1.6 to 0.6 ± 0.4, P = 0.004. The mean follow-up MCHR improved from 1.46 ± 0.11 to 1.59 ± 0.34, P = 0.112. The mean radioscaphoid angle improved from 63 ± 10º to 49 ± 6º, P = 0.011. The mean scapholunate angle increased from 32 ± 6º to 47 ± 8º, P = 0.004. The mean modified carpal-ulnar distance ratio was preserved and none of the patients developed ulnar translocation of the carpal bones. Radiological union was achieved in all patients. Conclusions Scapho-luno-capitate fusion with partial lunate excision and preservation of the proximal lunate surface is a valuable option for treating stage IIIA Kienböck’s disease, with satisfactory outcomes. Level of evidence Level IV. Trial registration Not applicable.

Copyright of Revista Española de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Cirugia Oral y Maxilofacial (SECOM) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Kienböck's disease is idiopathic lunate avascular necrosis, which may lead to lunate collapse, abnormal carpal motion and wrist arthritis. The current study aimed to assess the outcomes of treating stage IIIA Kienböck's disease by a novel technique of limited carpal fusion via partial lunate excision with preservation of the proximal lunate surface and scapho-luno-capitate (SLC) fusion. Materials and methods: We conducted a prospective study of patients with grade IIIA Kienböck's disease managed with a novel technique of limited carpal fusion comprising SLC fusion with preservation of the proximal lunate articular cartilage. Autologous iliac crest bone grafting and K-wires fixation were used to enhance the osteosynthesis of the SLC fusion. The minimum follow-up period was 1 year. A visual analog scale (VAS) and the Mayo Wrist Score were utilized for the evaluation of patient residual pain and functional assessment, respectively. A digital Smedley dynamometer was used to measure the grip strength. The modified carpal height ratio (MCHR) was used for monitoring carpal collapse. The radioscaphoid angle, scapholunate angle, and the modified carpal-ulnar distance ratio were used for the assessment of carpal bones alignment and ulnar translocation of carpal bones. Results: This study included 20 patients with a mean age of 27.9 ± 5.5 years. At the last follow-up, the mean range of flexion/extension range of motion (% of normal side) improved from 52.8 ± 5.4% to 65.7 ± 11.1%, P = 0.002, the mean grip strength (% of normal side) improved from 54.6 ± 11.8% to 88.3 ± 12.4%, P = 0.001, the mean Mayo Wrist Score improved from 41.5 ± 8.2 to 81 ± 9.2, P = 0.002, and the mean VAS score reduced from 6.1 ± 1.6 to 0.6 ± 0.4, P = 0.004. The mean follow-up MCHR improved from 1.46 ± 0.11 to 1.59 ± 0.34, P = 0.112. The mean radioscaphoid angle improved from 63 ± 10º to 49 ± 6º, P = 0.011. The mean scapholunate angle increased from 32 ± 6º to 47 ± 8º, P = 0.004. The mean modified carpal-ulnar distance ratio was preserved and none of the patients developed ulnar translocation of the carpal bones. Radiological union was achieved in all patients. Conclusions: Scapho-luno-capitate fusion with partial lunate excision and preservation of the proximal lunate surface is a valuable option for treating stage IIIA Kienböck's disease, with satisfactory outcomes. Level of evidence Level IV. Trial registration Not applicable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Comminuted fractures of the posterior acetabular wall, pose a significant challenge in the reduction and fixation of the fracture fragments and usually result in dubious functional outcomes. Primary reconstruction of the severely comminuted posterior wall using the autologous tricortical iliac crest graft has shown promising results, especially in fractures not amenable for anatomical reduction and fixation. Thus, the present study analyses the functional and radiological outcomes of severely comminuted posterior wall acetabular fractures, primarily reconstructed with an autologous tricortical iliac crest graft. Methodology: This is a retrospective study, where all cases of comminuted posterior wall acetabulum fractures treated primarily with reconstruction using ipsilateral autologous tricortical iliac crest graft between January 2011 and November 2018 were included. The data of patients were retrieved from the hospital records and all the patients were assessed clinically and radiologically at the final follow-up. Results: Fourteen patients (ten males and four females) were operated on with a mean operative time of 160 min (range 125 to 190 min) and a mean blood loss of 410 ml (range 320 ml to 830 ml). At 2 years of follow-up, 11 patients (78.57%) had good to excellent functional outcomes based on the modified Merle d'Aubigne and Postel scoring system. The radiological assessment using Matta's criteria indicated excellent outcomes in two patients (14.48%), good in six patients (42.85%), fair in six patients (42.85%). Conclusion: Primary reconstruction of the comminuted posterior wall acetabulum fractures is a potential alternative and salvageable option with favourable outcomes. However, it ought to be considered in severely comminuted fractures where anatomical reduction and internal fixation is not feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prevalence of fracture nonunion surgery is increasing in the general population with greater advancement in trauma surgery. Increasingly complex injuries involving the limbs are now amenable for limb preservation surgery, where in the past amputations would have been common place. Aims and Objectives: We carried out a literature review on the evidence available on the use of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (BMP-2) for long bone nonunion surgery. Methods: This literature review was initially undertaken for a systematic review using PRISMA guidelines, however due to lack of high-quality published literature, we present a narrative review instead. The abstracts of the articles obtained on Medline and Embase database were scrutinised according to the inclusion and exclusion criterions. The primary endpoint was union rates, and secondary end points were time to union, re-operation and post op infection rates. Results: A total of 240 titles were obtained, and after review, 3 articles were selected for final analysis. There were no statistically significant differences noted between the primary and secondary endpoints in the autologous bone graft (ABG) group when compared against the BMP-2 with allograft group. An additional review of the literature suggests that BMP-2 is cost neutral to the healthcare system. Conclusion: Although no firm conclusions can be drawn due to lack of power, the trend suggests no significant difference in union rates between autograft or BMP-2 with allograft, with comparable results to each other in all measurable end-points.

Introduction: Vertical discrepancy between the fibula flap and the native mandible results in difficult prosthetic rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of 3D reconstruction of the mandible in oncologic patients using three different techniques through virtual surgical planning (VSP), cutting guides, customized titanium mesh and plates with CAD/CAM technology, STL models and intraoperative dynamic navigation for implant placement. Material and methods Material and Methods: Three different techniques for mandibular reconstruction and implant rehabilitation were performed in 14 oncologic patients. Five patients (36%) underwent VSP, cutting guides, STL models and a customized double-barrel titanium plate with a double-barrel flap and immediate implants. In six patients (43%), VSP, STL models and a custom-made titanium mesh (CAD/CAM) for 3D reconstruction with iliac crest graft over a fibula flap with deferred dental implants were performed. Three patients (21%) underwent VSP with cutting guides and customized titanium plates for mandibular reconstruction and implant rehabilitation using intraoperative dynamic navigation was accomplished. Vertical bone reconstruction, peri-implant bone resorption, implant success rate, effects of radiotherapy in vertical reconstruction, bone resorption and implant failure, mastication, aesthetic result and dysphagia were evaluated. Results: Significant differences in bone growth between the double-barrel technique and iliac crest graft with titanium mesh technique were found (p<0.002). Regarding bone resorption, there were no significant differences between the techniques (p=0.11). 60 implants were placed with an osseointegration rate of 91.49%. Five implants were lost during the osseointegration period (8%). Peri-implant bone resorption was measured with a mean of 1.27 mm. There was no significant difference between the vertical gain technique used and implant survival (p>0.385). Implant survival rates were higher in non-irradiated patients (p<0.017). All patients were rehabilitated with a fixed implant-supported prosthesis reporting a regular diet (80%), normal swallowing (85.7%) and excellent aesthetic results. Conclusions: Multi-stage implementation of VSP, STL models and cutting guides, CAD/CAM technology, customized plates and in-house dynamic implant navigation for mandibular defects increases bone-to-bone contact, resolves vertical discrepancy and improves operative efficiency with reduced complication rates and minimal bone resorption. It provides accurate reconstruction that optimizes implant placement, thereby improving facial symmetry, aesthetics and function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale: Achieving predictable aesthetic results of large craniofacial defects has always been difficult, and it requires a multidisciplinary approach. Patient Concern: The chief concern of the patient was poor aesthetics due to a congenital craniofacial defect. Diagnosis: The patient was a known case of plexiform neurofibromatosis and had a congenital temporo-orbital bone defect of unknown origin. Treatment: The reconstruction of the defect was done using rapid prototyping (RPT) and iliac crest graft. Three-dimensional computed tomography imaging and RPT were used to obtain a customized titanium prosthesis to rehabilitate the temporal defect and the defect lateral to the orbit was reconstructed using an iliac crest graft. Outcome: Postoperative results were satisfactory and predictable. The positive change in appearance has improved the psychological well-being of the patient. Take-away Lessons: A multidisciplinary approach, use of advanced and improved technology helps in better treatment planning and achieving desired aesthetic results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Reconstruction of mandibular defects caused by combat injuries is challenging for clinicians due to soft tissue defects and high complication risk. This study evaluated the outcomes of mandibular continuous defects reconstruction with non-vascularized iliac crest graft (NVICG) in patients with combat injuries., Material and Methods: Patients with continuous mandibular defects acquired by high-velocity agents, who received NVICG reconstruction with or without microvascular-free soft tissue or regional flaps, were included in the study. The outcome variable was graft loss due to postoperative complications or full (more than 90 %) resorption. The primary predictor variable was soft tissue defect in the recipient area. The secondary predictor variable was the length of the defect. Variables related to patients, defect site, surgery, and other complications were also evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed with the usage of independent sample t-test, Pearson's chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests with a significance level of P < 0.05 RESULTS: The study included 24 patients with 27 mandibular defects. Overall, the general success rate of reconstructions was 59.3 %. Soft tissue defects were significantly associated with graft failure and other complications (p < 0.05), which were mostly related to soft tissue defects. The graft success rate was only 14.3 % even in minor soft tissue defects. In turn, in reconstructions with sufficient soft tissue coverage, the graft survived in 75.0 % of the cases. In addition, patients with more delayed reconstruction had significantly fewer graft failures than those with earlier surgery (p < 0.05). No associations were found between defect size and complications., Conclusion: The sufficient soft tissue coverage is essential in the reconstruction of mandibular defects caused by combat injuries. Also, minor soft tissue defects should be covered with soft tissue flaps to avoid complications and graft loss in these specific injuries. Even large defects can be reconstructed with NIVICG if the soft tissue coverage is sufficient., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Aim: The subscapularis muscle is an important active stabilizer of the glenohumeral joint. For this radiological study, we investigated if its radiological integrity is affected after arthroscopic glenoid reconstruction. In the technique used, an autologous iliac crest graft is transported through the rotator interval, and the graft is fixed via an antero-inferior portal with compression screws.Methods: 3 women and 6 men (mean age 31 ± 9 years, min 21, max 46 years) who had a preoperative glenoid deficit of 23% ± 6% (min 13%, max 29%) were included. In a follow-up after an interval of 34 months (min 19, max 50), MRI scans were performed on both shoulders. With ITK-SNAP, a 3D reconstruction software, the volume of the subscapularis muscle in the injured and contralateral shoulder was measured. In addition, signal intensity ratios (PSI) (infraspinatus muscle / cranial subscapularis muscle and infraspinatus muscle / caudal subscapularis muscle) were analyzed and the width of the cranial and caudal portions as well as the length of the subscapularis muscle in the parasagittal plane were determined.Results: The 3D volume showed no difference between operated and healthy shoulders (p = 0.07), neither did PSI ratios (infraspinatus muscle / cranial subscapularis muscle: p = 1.00, infraspinatus muscle / caudal subscapularis muscle: p = 1.00). In the parasagittal plane, length (p = 0.09) and cranial width (p = 0.23) did not differ. However, the width of the lower muscle was increased in injured shoulders (p = 0.02).Conclusion: In this cohort, no relevant volume loss could be found after arthroscopic glenoid reconstruction. However, a greater width of the lower muscle portion could be identified in the parasagittal plane as a possible indication of scarring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To determine if there is a difference in reoperation rates for symptomatic nonunions in atlantoaxial (C1-C2) fusions with or without bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) using data from a national spine registry and to analyze the different types of bone grafts used in the non-BMP group. Methods Data from the Kaiser Permanente spine registry were used to identify patients with C1-C2 fusions with >2 years follow-up. Patient characteristics, diagnosis, operative times, length of stay, and reoperations were extracted from the registry. The data set was divided into patients with and without BMP. Further analysis was made of the different types of non-BMP grafts as well as the instrumentation used. Results In our cohort, we found 58 patients (53.7%) with BMP and 50 patients (46.3%) without with an average follow-up time of 5 years (interquartile range, 2.04–8.49). The BMP versus non-BMP groups differed in admitting diagnosis, operative times, length of stay, and follow-up times. There were no reoperations for symptomatic nonunions in both groups. The non-BMP group included iliac crest graft (with or without allograft [+/−] allograft); lamina (+/− allograft); and allograft alone. Conclusions Using one of the largest retrospective studies on C1-C2 fusions with and without BMP, we found no difference in reoperation rates for symptomatic nonunions. For the non-BMP group, we found that lamina (+/− allograft) or allograft alone may also be just as effective as iliac crest graft (+/− allograft) in having no reoperations for symptomatic nonunions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Recurrent anterior instability of the glenohumeral joint is a demanding condition, especially in cases of glenoid bone loss. Various treatment options have been described, such as arthroscopic grafting techniques and the Latarjet procedure. In this study, the degree to which an arthroscopically applied iliac crest graft restores the glenoid anatomy was evalutated.Methods: Nine patients (three women and six men) with an average age of 31 ± 9 years (21-46 years) who were treated with an arthroscopic iliac crest graft technique were included in this study. After a mean follow up of 34 ± 10 months (19-50 months) after the procedure, MRI scans of both shoulders were performed and the glenoid width, Glenoid Index (GI), Pixel Signal intensity (PSI), thickness of the tissue covering the articular aspect of the graft, inclination, version, concavity and balance stability angle were measured.Results: All scans showed the cultivation of tissue on the graft, which visually resembled the cartilage of the native ipsilateral glenoid. Additionally, reshaping of the graft to repair the glenoid configuration could be observed. Glenoid width (p = 0.022) and GI (p < 0.001) increased significantly through surgery. The tissue examined on the graft showed a significant pixel intensity gap (p = 0.017) but comparable thickness (n.s.) in relation to native cartilage. The remaining parameters did not differ significantly between both shoulders.Conclusion: In the cohort presented, iliac crest grafts were able to restore the glenoid configuration, and the glenoid was re-shaped to its native contour. Additionally, cartilage-like scar tissue with similar thickness as healthy cartilage was formed on the articular side of the graft. These results suggest that glenoid reconstruction is not only important for prevention of recurrence, but also for restoration of the native glenoid anatomy.Level Of Evidence: Level III-retrospective cohort study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to determine postoperative donor site complications after bone harvesting from iliac crest for maxillofacial reconstruction in patients presented at Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS Hospital Islamabad). One hundred and ten patients having bony defects in maxillofacial region had undergone iliac crest grafting over a period of one year. The data were recorded on a strurctured proformas and were entered in SPSS version 17.0 (SPSS,Inc, Chicago, IL,USA). Analysis was done to determine the frequency and percentages for all variables. Morbidity to donar site (Illiac crest ) was evaluated postoperatively at 3rd month.. Among 110 patients, male to female ratio was 1:1.2. Out of total 16.4% had mild pain , 0.9% had gait disturbances with walking aid needed. It was concluded that complications after iliac crest harvesting was found to be moderate to low, but the procedure was still necessary and frequently used with predictable results in terms of pain and gait disturbance at donor site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction The role of the volume of radicular and dentigerous cysts on clinical symptoms is unclear and potentially may predict development of pre- and postoperative complications, especially after cystectomies with large bony defects. Therefore the aim of this study was to assess pre- and postoperative symptoms associated to the volume of jaw cysts. Material and methods Retrospective chart review of 111 patients with follicular or dentigerous cysts from 2008–2012. Anterior iliac crest grafts were used to fill defects after cystectomy. χ 2 -test was performed to analyze associations between two qualitative variables. Binary logistic regression analysis was used as multivariate analysis. P-values p < 0.05 were considered as significant. Volume measurement was performed in a semiautomatic segmentation method with the software “ITK-Snap”. Results Postoperative hypaesthesia correlated significantly with histology (p = 0.025) and localization (p = 0.006). Volume was associated significantly with preoperative hypaesthesia (p = 0.052), postoperative hypaesthesia (p < 0.001), wound healing complications (p < 0.001) and length of wound healing complications (p = 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified volume as independent risk factor for postoperative hypaesthesia (p = 0.015). Conclusions Volume analysis appears to be a method that allows risk stratification after surgery of jaw cysts. Therefore we recommend a precise treatment planning with the means of volume analysis to improve therapy outcome of patients with jaw cysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ameloblastoma is a true benign neoplasm with its origin from remnants of odontogenic epithelium. Unicystic ameloblastoma presents as a cystic lesion which clinically, radiographically, and macroscopically mimics a mandibular cyst, but microscopically exhibits ameloblastic epithelium lining part of the cyst cavity, with or without intraluminal growth and tumour infiltration into the fibrous connective tissue wall. An important and perplexing aspect associated with ameloblastoma is its management. We hereby present a case of unicystic ameloblastoma in a 63-year-old female and report an innovative technique of treating the case with split iliac crest graft.

Copyright of Arthroskopie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Iliac crest is still regarded as one of the most viable source of autogenous graft materials for extensive sinus floor elevation. Three-dimensional resorption behavior has to be taken into account in anticipation of the subsequent insertion of dental implants. We performed 3-dimensional volume measurements of the inserted bone transplants in 11 patients (6 women and 5 men; mean age = 2.3 years) who underwent bilateral sinus floor elevation with autogenous iliac crest grafts. In order to determine the respective bone graft volumes, cone-beam computerized tomography studies of the maxillary sinuses were carried out directly after the operation (TO), as well as 3 months (T1) and 6 months (T2) postoperatively. The acquired DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) data sets were evaluated using suitable analysis software. We evaluated statistical significance of graft volumes changes using a linear mixed model with the grouping factors for time, age, side, and sex with a significance level of P = .05. 38.9% of the initial bone graft volume, which amounted to 4.2 cm³, was resorbed until T1. At T2, the average volume again decreased significantly by 18.9 % to finally reach 1.8 cm³. The results show neither age nor side dependency and apply equally to both sexes. Without functional load, iliac bone grafts feature low-volume stability in sinus-augmentation surgery. Further clinical and animal studies should be done to detect the optimal timing for implant placement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a 10-year retrospective study of patients with an isolated unilateral orbital floor fracture reconstructed with an autogenous iliac crest bone graft. The following inclusion criteria applied: isolated orbital floor fracture without involvement of the orbital rim or other craniofacial injuries, pre-/post-operative ophthalmological/orthoptic follow-up, pre-operative CT. Variables recorded were patient age and gender, aetiology of injury, time to surgery, follow-up period, surgical morbidity, diplopia pre- and post-operatively (Hess test), eyelid position, visual acuity, and the presence of en-/or exophthalmos (Hertel exophthalmometer). Twenty patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 29 years. The mean follow up period was 26 months. No patient experienced significant donor site morbidity. There were no episodes of post-operative infection or graft extrusion. Three patients had diplopia in extremes of vision post-operatively, but no interference with activities of daily living. One patient had post-operative enophthalmos. Isolated orbital blow-out fractures may be safely and predictably reconstructed using autogenous iliac crest bone. The rate of complications in the group of patients studied was low. The value of pre- and post-operative ophthalmology consultation cannot be underestimated, and should be considered the standard of care in all patients with orbitozygomatic fractures, in particular those with blow-out fractures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background : Limited outcome data suggested a minimal evidence for better clinical and radiographic outcome of polyetheretherketone cages compared with bone grafts in the anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. We proposed a “mini-invasive” surgical technique for harvesting iliac crest grafts that provides bicortical autografts of sufficient size to be used in multilevel cervical procedures and is not associated with long-term significant donor site pain. Methods : All patients undergoing discectomy and fusion during a three years period were consecutively extracted from computer database and retrospectively evaluated by means of telephonic interview, independently from surgical procedure (iliac crest autograph or prosthesis). Two procedure-blinded neurologists retrieved baseline clinical-demographic data and pre-surgical scores of routinely performed scales for pain and functional abilities. Afterwards, a third blinded neurologist performed clinical follow up by a semi-structured interview including Verbal Analog Scale for pain and Neck Disability Scale for discomfort. Results : 80 patients out of 115 selected cases completed the follow up. 40 patients had been treated by mini-invasive bone graft harvesting and 40 with PEEK cages for cervical fusion. VAS for both neck and arm pain were significantly reduced within groups. Patients did not complaint any significant pain and/or paraesthesias at donor site from the first week after intervention. Neck Disability Scale was significantly lower at the end of follow up in both groups. Conclusions : “Miniinvasive” bicortical autografts is a less invasive, inexpensive technique to harvest iliac graft that may produce a reduced amount of general and local donor-site complications without outcome differences with prosthetic cages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose To evaluate the results of secondary osteoplasty in cleft patients, over a 12 years period, and to propose certain modifications and improvements of the cleft repair technique. Materials and methods Data were retrieved for all young patients treated from 2000 to 2011. Patients were divided in 3 groups, of 4 years duration each; parameters registered among others included peri-operative orthodontics, type of graft used, techniques applied and revisions required until final repair. Results 65 patients (mean age 11.6 years) were included in the study. 80 cleft sites were treated. All clefts were finally repaired and bone continuity was achieved. Peri-operative orthodontics was applied in 84.6% of the cases. Bone grafts were harvested 60 times (84.5%) from the left anterior iliac crest and 11 times (15.5%) from the genial region of the mandible. During the 12 years period ameliorations and changes were made at the recipient site, regarding the technique applied and the type of the graft. Revision operations for additional bone grafting were required in 6 cases in all (6/80 or 7.5% of the cleft sites). A gradual reduction of the number of revision osteoplasties was recorded in the 3 time periods, attributed to the improvements afore mentioned. Conclusions Cleft bone repair, even in difficult bilateral cases, may be achieved with standardised preparation of the recipient site, adequate graft from the iliac crest, used in the form of both particulate bone and cortical plate on top, as well as full coverage of the graft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To describe 2 different treatment approaches for a 20-yearold Caucasian man and his 22-year-old sister who were affected by ectodermal dysplasia (ED) and compromised maxillary bone. Materials and Methods: The sister had a history of an iliac crest transplant with 6 implants placed in the maxillary and mandibular arches, 6 years before complications. It was necessary to debride the right sinus, remove the failing infected bone graft and 2 implants. Her brother presented with missing teeth, few remaining deciduous teeth, and wearing all-acrylic resin temporary partials in both the maxillary and mandibular arches. Results: Zygomatic and pterygomaxillary implants were used to rehabilitate the brother with a screw-retained fixed prostheses. His sister had 6 new maxillary implants. Both siblings' mandibular arches were restored with screw-retained implant-supported prostheses. Conclusion: Although these siblings affected with ED had different treatment approaches, they both eventually obtained successful outcomes. The brother's treatment was expedited. Both siblings have been followed for a period of 11 years, and all postoperative evaluations have been uneventful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The reconstruction of a mandibular defect remains a significant challenge to the reconstructive surgeon. In developing countries like Nigeria, the required facilities and expertise for vascularised graft surgery are not readily available, thus mandibular defects are commonly reconstructed with non-vascularised bone grafts. The aim of this study is to describe the experience with the reconstruction of mandibular defects using non-vascularised iliac crest bone grafts (NVICBG) at a Nigerian tertiary hospital. Patients and Methods: This was a descriptive longitudinal study in which data was prospectively collected from patients who had mandibular reconstruction secondary to benign lesions using NVICBG at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, over a 24-month period. Information recorded included demography, cause of mandibular defect, type of mandibular resection, span of defect, peri-operative data, recipient site complications and donor site complications. Patient satisfaction with facial aesthetic outcome was assessed with the use of visual analogue scale score. Results: Twenty patients had mandibular resection and immediate reconstruction with NVICBG. The mean age was 31.61 (+/-11.05) years. Mean span of the defects was 10.65 (+/-2.88) cm. At the recipient site, two patients had extra-oral wound dehiscence and two patients had intra-oral wound dehiscence of which one patient had loss of the graft. Donor site complications noted were seromas and wound dehiscence. Eighteen patients had paraesthesia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve. All patients had temporary abnormal gait. The mean duration of abnormal gait was 2.11 weeks (SD +/-0.74). Majority of the patients were satisfied with the aesthetic outcome. Conclusion: NVICBG, though limited in its versatility has satisfactory aesthetic outcome with relatively few complications. It appears that this method of reconstruction can be used even for large mandibular defects contrary to perceptions of many reconstructive surgeons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bone defects, both at glenoid and at the humeral side are a frequent sequel of anterior shoulder instability. Although the transfer of the coracoid process (Latarjet, Bristow procedures) has gained popularity in treating the glenoid defect, equal results can be achieved with the use of a bone graft, for which mainly a graft of the iliac crest is used. Recently, arthroscopic procedures have been developed, leaving the subscapularis muscle largely intact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A male patient of 34 years old weighed 115kg, had difficult fractured humerus condition besides having been surgically operated three times. And finally, they decided to apply regenerative therapy by use of autologuos transplant of iliac crest together with mononuclear cells from peripheral blood circulation of the patient. With objective of achieving the mobilization of stem cells of the bone marrow towards peripheral blood circulation, they administered 5μg/kg of the total body weight of colonial granulocytes stimulation factor (FSC-G) recombinant every 12 hours for three days from the 1,000 mL of blood obtained by veinpunture, they a isolated the mononuclear cells and determined the phenotype using flow cytometric technique employing monoclonal antibodies CD34 and CD45. The following day, they administered o transplanted the iliac crest to the patient. They monitored the fracture of the humerus by perfuming an X-ray, and in three months they achieved consolidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Background context: Considerable debate exists regarding the incidence of persistent pain from the iliac crest bone graft (ICBG) harvest site. Different study designs have led to a variety of reported rates. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and severity of bone graft site pain after iliac crest harvest. Study design: Cross-sectional. Patient sample: One hundred and twelve patients, who had a posterior lumbar fusion, seen at a tertiary spine center for a routine postoperative visit. Outcome measures: Numeric rating scales (0–10) for pain over lower back, right, and left posterior iliac crests. Methods: An independent investigator, not directly involved in the care of the patient and unaware of the type of bone graft used in the fusion, examined the patient for tenderness over the surgical site as well as the left and right posterior iliac crest. After the examination, data on the source of grafting material, complications during harvest, and backfilling of the graft site defect were collected from the medical records. The patients were then classified as to whether ICBG was harvested or not. Chi-square test was used to determine any difference in the proportion of iliac crest pain between the bone graft group and no bone graft group. Correlations between body mass index (BMI), time since surgery, and the incidence and severity of bone graft site pain were also determined. Results: There were 72 women and 40 men with a mean age of 56.6 years (range, 16–84). Mean follow-up was 41 months (range, 6–211 months) with a median of 25 months. Iliac crest bone graft was harvested in 53 (47.3%) patients through the midline incision used for lumbar fusion. In 59 patients (52.7%), recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 was used with no graft harvest. There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of patients complaining of tenderness over both or either iliac crest between the two groups. Only 10 patients had pain over the same crest from which the graft was harvested. No correlations between number of levels fused, levels fused, BMI, length of follow-up, and the incidence and severity of bone graft site pain were seen. Conclusions: The results of this study highlight the difficulty in differentiating pain originating from the graft site versus residual low back pain. The incidence of pain over the iliac crest was similar in patients in which iliac crest was harvested and those in which no graft was harvested. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Open intraarticular fractures of the distal humerus are frequently associated with severe bone and articular cartilage fragmentation, extensive soft tissue damage and bone loss. Management is controversial, and results are poor especially in old osteoporotic patients. We here present a case of open fracture of distal humerus with extensive bone loss of medial column. The patient was operated with internal fixation and reconstruction of the medial column with strut iliac crest grafting and had an excellent outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Italian Oral Surgery is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: Study design: Retrospective chart review, technical note, cohort study. Objective: To describe the clinical outcome of a modified method of obtaining cancellous autograft from the manubrium of the sternum for use in interbody cages during anterior cervical fusions. Summary of background data: Harvest of structural grafts from the anterior iliac crest (AIC) for anterior cervical fusion has well-established morbidities. In an effort to minimize morbidity and maximize fusion, we utilized interbody cages filled with autologous cancellous bone. In cases needing corpectomy, local bone graft from the corpectomy is used to fill the cage. In cases needing discectomy alone, no local bone is resected and therefore alternative donor sources must be used if autograft is to be used and the complications of AIC harvest are to be avoided. This technique is especially useful in countries where allograft is either not available or available in limited quantity. Methods: We have developed a modified technique for the harvest of autologous cancellous graft from the sternum which can be used as a fusion substrate with cervical interbody cages. This technique incorporates either a small incision just above the sternal notch or subcutaneous tunneling from the discectomy incision and use of a bone graft harvester. We retrospectively analyze the clinical outcome and fusion rates. Results: Using the described technique, one-hundred sternal graft harvests (n =100) have resulted in three minor complications: one wound hematoma which resolved with observation, and two superficial wound infections which required treatment with oral antibiotics. All the patients were satisfied by the cosmetic appearance of the incision. Spinal fusion was achieved in all patients at the end of 12 months. Conclusions: We describe a modified technique of harvesting the sternal graft and also for the first time describe the long-term clinical outcome of using sternal autograft for ACDF. The sternal manubrium provides a viable alternative to AIC grafting. It confers the advantages of autograft fusion without the complications associated with AIC graft harvesting. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The aim of the present retrospective chart review was to determine the relationship between nonvascularized osseous graft remodeling and the three-dimensional (3D) features of grafts and recipient sites, the anatomical recipient regions and different graft sources. 32 iliac crest or chin grafts were onlay-positioned in the mandible or maxilla of 14 patients. CT scans, taken before implant positioning and after 1 year, revealed a mean volume resorption of 35–51%. For iliac crest grafts, the average resorption was 42% when the onlay was positioned in the anterior maxilla and 59% when it was positioned in the posterior mandible. Spearman correlation and 3D interpolation analysis revealed, for both iliac crest groups, a moderate or advanced remodeling pattern depending on 3D features, namely graft thickness and shape, basal bone volume of recipient site, and the basal bone/graft volume ratio of the recipient site. No statistically significant differences were found between the recipient and donor site groups. Retrospective analysis of the data indicates that iliac crest grafts, onlay-positioned on adequate basal bone volume, may register a reduced volume remodeling when shaped thick in the anterior maxilla or rounded and convex, on the external surface, in the posterior mandible. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: Postoperative analgesia of iliac crest (IC) donor site can be performed by on site infiltrations of local anesthetics (LA) or morphine. Single injections or continuous infusions of LA proved their efficacy in adults, but was not reported in children. We prospectively evaluated the interest of a continuous infusion of 0.2% ropivacaïne at the IC donor site in terms of postoperative pain relief and rescue analgesics consumption. Methods: Sixteen consecutive patients, aged from 4 to 16 years scheduled for maxillar alveolar graft with IC bone, were included. After IC bone graft surgery under general anesthesia, they received a 0.2–0.4 ml·kg−1 bolus of 0.2% ropivacaïne through the IC catheter; then a continuous infusion of 0.2% ropivacaïne at 0.125 ml·kg−1·h−1 was administrated for 48 h with disposable elastomeric pumps. Children systematically received paracetamol (15 mg·kg−1 four times a day) and niflumic acid (40 mg·kg−1 twice a day). Postoperative pain was evaluated using a Visual Analog Scale (>7 years old) or Children and Infants Postoperative Pain Score (between 4 and 7 years old) every 4 h until H48. Doses of rescue analgesics and adverse events (LA toxicity, catheter’s removal, nausea–vomiting) were also noted. Three months after surgery a blinded clinical research assistant reviewed all children and assessed functional recovery, neuropathic chronic pain symptoms or local complications. Results: The median value of IC graft pain scores was 0 during whole studied period. Of the patients, 31.2% did not require any rescue analgesics and 43.8% needed only once. No adverse events related to LA and no removal of catheter were noted. One child had nausea in the 48-h postoperative period, and one child had neuropathic pain symptoms at 3 months at the donor site. Conclusion: Continuous infusion of 0.2% ropivacaïne through an IC catheter is an optimal and safe technique of regional postoperative analgesia after bone graft harvest in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Patient: Marginal mandibulectomy was performed on a 30-year-old woman with an ameloblastoma in the left side of the mandible. Subsequently, the patient''s chief complaints were in regard to the restoration of masticatory function and esthetics. Realizing that a free iliac crest graft and implant were necessary, we made a diagnostic wax-up and surgical template to match the maxillary and mandibular alveolar bone position. The surgical template was used to determine the position of a free iliac crest in the operating room. When the final restoration was finished, good occlusal balance had been achieved. Discussion: In this case, an oral surgeon as well as a prosthodontist confirmed the graft bone position by using the surgical template in the operating room. Therefore, it was possible to place the graft bone into the preplanned position and carry out the treatment plan smoothly from the first implant operation to the final restoration. Conclusion: This clinical report describes the importance of free iliac crest graft positions, the surgical template and collaboration between a prosthodontist and oral surgeon in forming the proper treatment plan. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Revista Española de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Cirugia Oral y Maxilofacial (SECOM) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Harvesting vascularized bone grafts with computer-assisted surgery represents the gold standard for mandibular reconstruction. However, current augmented reality (AR) approaches are limited to invasive marker fixation. This trial compared a markerless AR-guided real-time navigation with virtually planned and 3D printed cutting guides for harvesting iliac crest grafts. Two commonly used iliac crest transplant configurations were virtually planned on 10 cadaver hips. Transplant harvest was performed with AR guidance and cutting guide technology. The harvested transplants were digitalized using cone beam CT. Deviations of angulation, distance and volume between the executed and planned osteotomies were measured. Both AR and cutting guides accurately rendered the virtually planned transplant volume. However, the cumulative osteotomy plane angulation differed significantly (p = 0.018) between AR (14.99 ± 11.69°) and the cutting guides (8.49 ± 5.42°). The cumulative osteotomy plane distance showed that AR-guided navigation had lower accuracy (2.65 ± 3.32 mm) than the cutting guides (1.47 ± 1.36 mm), although without significant difference. This study demonstrated the clinical usability of markerless AR-guided navigation for harvesting iliac crest grafts. Further improvement of accuracy rates might bring clinical implementation closer to reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Reconstruction of combined laryngotracheal stenosis requires complex techniques including resection and incorporation of grafts and stents that can be performed as single or multistaged procedure. A complicated case of traumatic laryngotracheal stenosis was managed by us, surgical technique is discussed. A 16-year-old male presented with Stage-3 laryngotracheal stenosis of grade—3 to 4 (>70% of the complete obstruction of tracheal lumen) of 5cm segment of the larynx and trachea. Restoration of the critical functions of respiration and phonation was achieved in this patient by resection anastomosis of the trachea and with subglottic remodeling. Resection of 5cm long segment of trachea and primary anastomosis in this case would have created tension at the site of anastomosis. So we did tracheal resection of 3cm segment of trachea along with subglottic remodeling instead of removing the 5cm segment of stenosed laryngotracheal region and doing thyrotracheal anastomosis. In complicated long segment, laryngotracheal stenosis, tracheal resection and subglottic remodeling with primary anastomosis can be an alternative approach. Fibrin glue can be used to support free bone/cartilage grafts in laryngotracheal reconstructions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]