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Background: Data on contraceptive use are needed to evaluate contraceptive use and plan for future needs. Changes in contraceptive method use and the factors that influence contraceptive method use are serious matters that need to be considered. Methods: This study used secondary data from the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) in 2007, 2012, and 2017. The research design used was cross-sectional. Researchers used descriptive analysis to determine the characteristics of married women who use contraception. Inferential analysis was used to see the relationship between sociodemographic factors and the use of contraceptive method types. Results: The results of the analysis showed that the most widely used type of contraception from 2007-2017 was injectable contraception. Most married women who used contraceptives were in the age group of 30-39 years, had only 1-2 children, had a high school education and below, and worked as housewives. Women living in rural and urban areas have equal opportunities to obtain contraceptive services. Even women with the lowest wealth index still have access to contraceptives. The chi-square test results of age, education, occupation, residence, and wealth index variables with p = 0.000 (p < 0.005) from 2007-2017, as well as the variable number of children with p = 0.000 (p < 0.005) in 2007, p = 0.002 (p < 0.005) in 2012 and p = 0.000 (p < 0.005) in 2017. Conclusion: This study found a positive association between contraceptive method use and the variables of age, education, occupation, number of children, place of residence, and wealth index.

The Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is closely related to the Human Development Index (HDI), which measures a country's social and economic development. The decline in IMR based on gender is thought to be related to discrimination in the treatment of female babies, unequal nutritional needs of female babies, and utilization of health service facilities. This study aims to investigate the relationship between risk factors and infant mortality with gender stratification. Using a cross-sectional approach based on secondary data from the 2012 and 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS), the research sample consisted of women of childbearing age (15-49 years) who had given birth, totaling 3694 and 3413 women in 2012 and 2017, respectively. Data analysis was conducted using logistic regression and the sampling technique employed was two-stage stratified random sampling. From the 2012 and 2017 IDHS, variables influencing infant mortality based on gender included maternal age (0.23 95% CI 0.14-0.37; 3.17 95% CI 1.94-5.17), parity (0.49 95% CI 0.33-0.72; 2.53 95% CI 1.75-3.68), place of birth (0.47 95% CI 0.33-0.67; 0.61 95% CI 0.41-0.89), and body weight (2.67 95%CI 1.75-4.08; 3.31 95% CI 2.12-5.17). Baby girls with small birth weights were at higher risk of dying compared to baby boys, while male babies born to older mothers were at greater risk of death compared to female babies. Antenatal care is an essential key in reducing various risks of infant death based on gender, playing a crucial role in ensuring healthier outcomes for both male and female infants through early detection and targeted interventions.

Background: The prevalence of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV/AIDS is increasing, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Most previous studies focused on pregnant women in antenatal care, but this study examined the early phases of non-married women, which are young adults. Objective: This study aimed to examine the factors associated with knowledge MTCT of HIV/AIDS among young adults in Indonesia. Methods: This study used secondary data from the Special Indonesia Demographic Health Survey (IDHS), also known as the Indonesia Young Adult Reproductive Health Survey (IYARHS). The unit of analysis in this study is a non-married young adult aged 14 to 24 from 34 provinces in Indonesia. The final samples brought into the analysis were 9,600 women. The univariate analysis, bivariate analysis using the Chi-Square test, and multivariate analysis using binary logistic regression were done using the STATA 17 version licensed by the Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University. Results: This study revealed that 33.75% of the respondents had poor knowledge of the MTCT of HIV/AIDS. Moreover, the factors found to be significantly associated with knowledge of MTCT of HIV/AIDS were age (19 to 24 years old), residence in an urban area, graduation from junior high school, senior high school, academy, and university, and also those who talked about sexual matters with friends. Conclusion: This study suggests supporting and encouraging related stakeholders in order to provide education about MTCT in the early years of adulthood so the prevention program can be applied more easily.

Background: Indonesia recently implemented a National Health Insurance program while simultaneously grappling with the challenge of unmet family planning needs. Objective: This study aimed to examine the correlation between health insurance ownership and the utilization of family planning methods among married/in-union women in Indonesia. Methods: This study employed secondary data analysis using the 2017 Indonesian Demography and Health Survey (IDHS). The analysis included a sample of 18,411 married/in-union women. Univariate, bivariate (Chi-square test), and multivariate (binary logistic regression) analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between health insurance ownership and the utilization of family planning methods. Results: The analysis revealed that a small proportion of individuals with health insurance utilized family planning services. Several factors were found to be associated with the utilization of family planning services, including ownership of health insurance, women's age, family planning decision-maker, socioeconomic status (as measured by being in the richest quintile), and higher education attainment. Conclusion: The findings of this study provide important insights for policymakers and public health practitioners regarding the integration of national health insurance programs and family planning initiatives in Indonesia. It is crucial to address the low utilization rate of family planning services among those with health insurance. Future research should focus on fostering collaboration among all stakeholders to promote comprehensive education on freely accessible contraceptive methods, aiming to bridge the gap between policy implementation and effective utilization of family planning services.

Background: Neonatal mortality is a death that occurs during the first twenty-eight days of life after a baby is born. Based on Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS data) in 2017, there was a decrease in neonatal mortality between 2012 – 2017, but this has not yet reached the SDG's target of 12 deaths per 1,000 live births. Complications during childbirth are one of maternal factors that directly cause pain and death to a mother and her or newborn due to some disorders resulting from childbirth. One of the factors that can influence neonatal mortality is complications during delivery. Objective: This study aims to observe correlation between complications during childbirth and neonatal mortality. Also, this is to reveal the neonatal mortality rate in children born from 2012-2017 in Indonesia after controlling for all confounding. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with an analytical observational approach using secondary data from the IDHS 2017. Its samples were women of childbearing age (15-49 years) who have been married and gave birth, with the last birth data of 5 years prior to the survey. Its inclusion criteria were children who were born in 2012-2017 and were not twin-birth as big as 15.357. The sample selection used total sampling, and the obtained data were analysed by univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis using multiple logistic regression. Results: The final model indicated that there was a significant relationship between the complications during delivery and neonatal mortality after controlling by variables of age, ANC visits, baby's birth weight, and baby's gender on neonatal mortality. PR 3,90 (95% C.I; 2.467 – 6.187). Conclusion: The results revealed that there was an influence of childbirth complications, maternal age, ANC visits, baby's birth weight, and baby's gender on neonatal mortality.

Background: Early marriage is a form of violence and violation of children's rights. Early marriage that occurs in Indonesia is a very complex dynamic. Geographically, culturally and religiously, the level of acceptance and practice of child marriage varies across Indonesia. Based on the Report on the Fulfillment of Children's Rights in the Special Region of Yogyakarta in 2017, the number of child marriages in the Special Region of Yogyakarta was 294, a decrease from 2016 which was 346 (a decrease of 15.3%). Early marriage has a big risk of experiencing various bad things. Objective: to find out what are the impacts of early marriage on women of reproductive age in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Methods: The data used in this study is secondary data from the Indonesian Health Demographic Survey (IDHS) issued by the BKKBN. The population in this study were all women of reproductive age whose data was recorded in the partner data in the 2017 IDHS report (Couples record). This research is an analytic study with a cross sectional approach. Data analysis was performed using Cremer's V and Contingency Coefficient analysis. Results: The results showed that there was an effect of early marriage on several dependent variables in this study which was indicated by p value Conclusion: Reproductive health and sexuality education needs to be carried out strategically and systematically nationally and sustainably by involving various cross-sectors, starting from school education, community leaders, religious leaders and health workers. Appropriate and comprehensive teaching and education can help youth in making wise decisions regarding early marriage.

Background: Neonatal mortality is one of the key impediments in achieving global sustainable development goals, especially in lower middle income countries (LMICs). As an LMIC with the highest reported neonatal mortality rate in Southeast Asia, Indonesia faces inequitable distribution of health facilities across the archipelago. Therefore, in this paper, we aim to evaluate the determinants of neonatal mortality rate in Indonesia to search for better strategies to overcome this problem. Methods: We conducted an analysis of the 2017 Indonesia Demographic Health Survey dataset of 10,838 live-born infants born from singleton pregnancies in 2017. Using a hierarchical approach, multivariate analysis was conducted to identify potential factors (including socioeconomic, household, and proximate determinants) that contributed to neonatal mortality. Results: The lack of participation in postnatal care [odds ratio (OR) = 20.394, p = 0.01)] and delivery complications other than prolonged labour (OR = 2.072, p = 0.02) were the maternal factors that significantly associated with increased risk of neonatal death. Regarding neonatal factors, low-birth-weight infants appeared to be more vulnerable to neonatal death (OR = 12.489, p = 0.01). Conclusion: Low participation in postnatal care, development of labour complications, and low birth weight were associated with higher neonatal mortality. It implies that in a limited resource and geographically challenging country such as Indonesia, improving the quality and optimizing services of public hospitals with equitable distribution of quality health care services in all regions should be prioritized in the efforts of reducing neonatal mortality rate.

Background The percentage of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia on 2018 dropped from 39.8% in infants aged 0 monthsto 15.3% in infants aged 5 months. According to the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Research Survey (Riskesdas), an average of 37.3% of infants were exclusively breastfed until the age of 6 months. This rate is far from the target of 80% by Ministry of Health of Indonesia. Objective To assess for an association between postpartum counseling and the practice of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia. Methods This retrospective cohort study used data from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS). The sample comprised 258 infants aged 6 months. Postpartum counseling and other variables were analyzed for possible associations with exclusive breastfeeding by Chi-square test; risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Logistic regression test was used to analyze for adjusted odds ratios. Results In 6 months period, the percentage of subjects who received postpartum counseling was 59.7% and who exclusively breastfed was 18.8%. There was no significant association between postpartum lactation counseling and exclusive breastfeeding. However, there were significant associations between exclusive breastfeeding and not using currently as well as maternal residence in rural areas. Conclusion Postpartum counseling on breastfeeding lacks a significant association with exclusive breastfeeding practice at 6 months of age. Therefore, the Ministry of Healthshould reevaluate the implementation of its counseling services.

Logistic regression or logit regression is a statistical technique used to create predictive modeling. To determine the logistic regression equation that will be used to predict the value of the dependent variable, parameter estimates must be sought in the logistic regression model, one of the methods in this study uses the maximum likelihood method. The 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) collected various information, including about toddler diarrhea. Therefore, the logistic regression method is the right method to use in this condition, considering that the diarrhea data collected in the IDHS are categorical data. In this study, the variables influencing toddler diarrhea werechild age, birth size (average),exclusive breastfeeding, maternal age, maternal education (high school), wealth index (top), and latrine facilities The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that the variable with the highest risk figure for reducing the diarrhea rate was wealth index (top) (OR=1,438). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low birth weight (LBW) is currently still a public health concern in developing countries. Infants with LBW have an increased risk of morbidity, stunted growth, and neonatal mortality. In this study, we aim to examine the maternal factors associated with LBW in Indonesia. This study uses a cross-sectional design, and data were obtained from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS), which collected data from all the provinces in Indonesia. The data were analyzed with multiple logistic regression. Results showed that 7.1% of children under five years of age in Indonesia had LBW. LBW was associated with maternal factors, which include inadequate antenatal care (ANC) (aOR = 1.7; CI 95% = 1.4-2.0), multiparity (aOR =1.3; CI 95% = 0.8-1.9), low household income (aOR = 1.3; CI 95% = 1.0-1.7), and low educational attainment (aOR = 1.8; CI 95% = 0.9-3.6). Efforts to decrease the prevalence of LBW in Indonesia include the improvement of (1) ANC programs, (2) family planning programs, (3) educational attainment programs, (4) women's education, and (5) household economy programs. These are all important strategies for reducing the incidence of LBW in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The percentage of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia on 2018 dropped from 39.8% in infants aged 0 months to 15.3% in infants aged 5 months. According to the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Research Survey (Riskesdas), an average of 37.3% of infants were exclusively breastfed until the age of 6 months. This rate is far from the target of 80% by Ministry of Health of Indonesia. Objective To assess for an association between postpartum counseling and the practice of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia. Methods This retrospective cohort study used data from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS). The sample comprised 258 infants aged 6 months. Postpartum counseling and other variables were analyzed for possible associations with exclusive breastfeeding by Chisquare test; risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Logistic regression test was used to analyze for adjusted odds ratios. Results In 6 months period, the percentage of subjects who received postpartum counseling was 59.7% and who exclusively breastfed was 18.8%. There was no significant association between postpartum lactation counseling and exclusive breastfeeding. However, there were significant associations between exclusive breastfeeding and not using currently as well as maternal residence in rural areas. Conclusion Postpartum counseling on breastfeeding lacks a significant association with exclusive breastfeeding practice at 6 months of age. Therefore, the Ministry of Health should reevaluate the implementation of its counseling services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The government of Indonesia has been promoted Family Planning Program (FPP) to control the population growth, as it increases every year; however, in its implementation, unmet need is still to be found, including in Central Java Province. The purpose of this study was to analyze factors causing the incidence of the unmet need in Central Java Province using explanatory research with qualitative (in-depth) and quantitative approaches. The sample was women of childbearing age (15-49 years) with a total sample of 2,281 respondents. The secondary data were obtained from Indonesian Demography and Health Survey (IDHS) 2017. The result showed that there was a relationship between age (p = 0.0005), number of children (p = 0.029), decision making (p = 0.0001), as well as side effects (p = 0.0001) and the unmet need. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maternal and child health is one indicator of health service performance in a country. The cause of death of 1 month old infant in Southeast Asia, 28% comes from infection, and 20% is caused by premature birth and Low Birth Weight (LBW) (WHO, 2016). According to WHO data, globally In 2015, 20.5 million newborns, an estimated 14.6 per cent of all babies born globally that year, suffered from low birth weight. According to Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) data in 2018, the incidence of low birth weight was 6.2% from 56.6% of under-five children who have birth weight record in Indonesia. LBW is a contributor to neonatal mortality and morbidity. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship of antenatal care (ANC) with Low Birth Weight (LBW) in Indonesia. The study population was all women interviewed with a history of live births and reported their infant’s weight at birth within 5 years before the survey with a total sample of 11,323 people.The variables studied included antenatal care (ANC), maternal age, education, parity, Fe consumption and residence. The static test used is Multiple Logistic Regression to determine the relationship of antenatal care (ANC) with LBW incidence. Bivariate test results found that variables that have the potential to be variables related to birth weight (p <0.05) are antenatal care (ANC) with p value: 0,000, education with p value: 0.032, and Fe consumption with p value: 0.003. Multivariate test showed a significant relationship between antenatal care (ANC) and LBW incidence with OR 1.9 (CI 95%: 1.4-2.7), meaning that mothers who did antenatal care (ANC) examinations less than 4 times had 1.9 times greater risk for giving birth to an infant with Low Birth Weight (LBW) compared to mothers who did antenatal care (ANC) examinations more than 4 times after being controlled by the variable Fe consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: The use of contraceptive is one of programs to suppress birth rate in some countries. To complete the target of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) in 2030, some programs are launched and one of them is family planning initiated by Indonesian government, namely Keluarga Berencana (KB). The program has been implemented since 1970 until now. The KB program has got changes and innovation. Nowadays, the impact of the KB program has shown the good result where the fertility of Indonesian population is getting decreased to 2.3 based on World Population Data Sheet. However, among the success of the program, the program has many problems in Indonesia. The study aims to know and to determine whether there is an influence of knowledge about contraceptive method with the men’s fertility marked by owning some children, based on the result of Indonesia Demographic Health Survey (IDHS) in 2017. The study used secondary data from the result of IDHS 2017 and cross sectional study. The study used secondary data from the result of IDHS 2017 with 9668 samples which are married men. Multivariate analysis of the study was Logistic Regression Analysis. The multivariate analysis shows that the related variable means variableof knowledge about contraception with OR value, 3.90 after getting controlled byvariables of age, education, and wealth. Based on the results of multiple logistic regression analysis, knowledge about contraception method is significantly related to fertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is the causative agent of a shrimp disease that has caused huge global economic losses. Although its pathogenesis remains poorly understood, it has been reported that in the shrimp immune cells (hemocytes) targeted by WSSV, the virus triggers both the Warburg effect and glutamine metabolism at the WSSV genome replication stage (12 h post infection). Glutamine metabolism follows two pathways: an oxidative pathway mediated by α-KGDH (α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase) and an alternative reductive pathway mediated by IDH1 and IDH2 (isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2). Here we used isotopically labeled glutamine ([U-13C]glutamine and [1-13C]glutamine) as metabolic tracers to show that, at the replication stage, both the oxidative and reductive glutamine metabolic pathways were activated. We further show that the mRNA expression levels of α-KGDH and IDH1 were increased in WSSV-infected shrimps and that silencing of α-KGDH, IDH1, and IDH2 with their respective dsRNAs led to a decrease in WSSV gene expression and WSSV replication. Taken together, our findings provide new evidence for WSSV-induced metabolic reprogramming in hemocytes and demonstrate its importance in virus replication.

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is the causative agent of a shrimp disease that has caused huge global economic losses. Although its pathogenesis remains poorly understood, it has been reported that in the shrimp immune cells (hemocytes) targeted by WSSV, the virus triggers both the Warburg effect and glutamine metabolism at the WSSV genome replication stage (12 h post infection). Glutamine metabolism follows two pathways: an oxidative pathway mediated by α-KGDH (α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase) and an alternative reductive pathway mediated by IDH1 and IDH2 (isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2). Here we used isotopically labeled glutamine ([U-13C]glutamine and [1-13C]glutamine) as metabolic tracers to show that, at the replication stage, both the oxidative and reductive glutamine metabolic pathways were activated. We further show that the mRNA expression levels of α-KGDH and IDH1 were increased in WSSV-infected shrimps and that silencing of α-KGDH, IDH1, and IDH2 with their respective dsRNAs led to a decrease in WSSV gene expression and WSSV replication. Taken together, our findings provide new evidence for WSSV-induced metabolic reprogramming in hemocytes and demonstrate its importance in virus replication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melanoma is the most aggressive skin cancer due to a high propensity for metastasis, with a 10-year survival rate of less than 10%. The devastating clinical outcome and lack of effective preventative therapeutics for metastatic melanoma necessitate the development of new therapeutic strategies targeted to inhibit the regulatory circuits underlying the progression and metastasis of melanoma. Melanoma metastasis requires migration and invasion of the malignant tumour cells driven by proteolytic remodelling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) executed by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), particularly MMP-2 and MMP-9. Inhibiting components of these circuits defines new therapeutic opportunities for melanoma with metastatic malignancy. Oxalomalate (OMA) is a competitive inhibitor of NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), which plays an important role in cellular signalling pathways regulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we investigated the therapeutic role of OMA in metastatic melanoma and the associated underlying mechanism of action. We report that OMA-mediated inhibition of IDH enzymes suppresses metastatic melanoma through inhibition of invasive cell migration based on MMP-9-mediated proteolytic remodelling of the ECM. In particular, our study provides the mechanistic foundation that OMA reduces the expression and secretion of MMP-9 through LKB1-mediated PEA3 degradation via the ROS-dependent ATM-Chk2-p53 signalling axis, resulting from inhibition of IDH enzymes. These results provide evidence that OMA targeting of the stress response to ROS by IDH inhibition is a promising therapy for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of molecular parameters in the World Health Organization classification of central nervous system tumors has advanced remarkably in this field. Large-scale genomic DNA analyses, including gene expression profiling, genome-wide association studies, and single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis, have revealed differences between tumors with the same pathological features. Because mutated genes and their signaling pathways can be targets for therapy, categorizing tumors by molecular parameters facilitates the selection of optimal therapeutic methods. Many genes are either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, and many of them are also involved in normal development, such as neural stem cell maintenance and neural differentiation. Moreover, genetic engineering has enabled the generation of tumors that phenocopy human tumors in mice. Here, I will discuss key molecular parameters, mechanisms of neural differentiation, isocitrate dehydrogenases, 1p36/19q13, and p53 in gliomagenesis. Because future therapeutic methods will be determined by the molecular mechanisms of tumors, identification of new parameters is still needed for further classification of glioma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper reports the results of an evaluation of crisis nursery services for five crisis nurseries in Illinois from 2000 to 2003 based on analysis of administrative data reported to the Illinois Department of Human Services (IDHS). Crisis nursery services, sometimes called “respite” services, provide temporary emergency care for children. The results demonstrate the vital importance of availability of emergency support services for young children and their caregivers. By describing how crisis nurseries respond to needs of families of young children and provide the after-crisis care. It describes the important role crisis nurseries currently play in crisis intervention and after-crisis services for children and their families. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]