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Straipsnis skirtas svarbiai tarpukario Lietuvos estetinės minties temai – dailės proceso ir ideologijos ryšiui. Nagrinėjama marksistine meno klasinės prigimties teorija besivadovavusių meno kritikų meno socialinio determinuotumo samprata, siekiama atskleisti jos, kaip dailės kritikos metodologinio atspirties taško, vaidmenį. Išryškinami realizmo / modernizmo priešstatos padariniai vertinant lietuvių dailės procesą ir raidos kryptį. The topic of the article is the interconnection between processes of the fine arts and the ideologies. This issue was of great importance to the aesthetic thought of the interwar Lithuania. The author analyses the views on the social determination of arts that have been declared by art critics, who represented the political left, and derived their outlooks from the Marxian theory of a class-based nature of the arts. The article is an attempt to reveal the role, which the art criticism, based on the methodological approach of social determination, played in the process of valuation of the Lithuanian fine arts. The author concludes that while the social criticism called for the engagement of the fine arts, this requirement supposed contraposition of realism to modernism. Keeping in mind the context of the young generation of Lithuanian artists – representatives of lyrical expressionism – that succeeded in their aspirations to create national art, this contraposition is a clear evidence of methodological weakness of leftist art criticism.