222 results on '"iber"'
Search Results
2. Reconstructing the Spill Propagation of the Aznalcóllar Mine Disaster.
- Author
-
Sanz-Ramos, Marcos, Vales-Bravo, Juan José, Bladé, Ernest, and Sánchez-Juny, Martí
- Subjects
- *
NEWTONIAN fluids , *NON-Newtonian flow (Fluid dynamics) , *FLUID flow , *SUSPENDED sediments , *REMOTE sensing - Abstract
The mine pond failure of Los Frailes (Aznalcóllar, Spain) was one of the most catastrophic mining-related disasters worldwide. Despite having been analysed from different disciplines, there have been only two attempts to simulate the propagation of the spill. In both cases, the spill was reconstructed using poor or incorrect topographical data, assuming a spilled hydrograph at the breaking point, and considering the fluid as water. In this research, new pre-failure topographical data were obtained combining field data with remote sensing techniques. These data were used to estimate the spilled hydrograph at the breaking point utilising a two-dimensional hydrodynamic numerical tool. Finally, due to the nature of the spilled fluid, two different attempts of reconstructing the spill propagation process of the Aznalcóllar mine disaster were performed. First, the fluid was considered as water with a suspended sediment load (26–660 g/L), i.e. assuming Newtonian fluid flow. Then the fluid was assumed to be mud-like (non-Newtonian fluid flow). These new simulations revealed that using a Newtonian fluid model, such as water with or without sediment, produced the best results in matching observed and simulated data. The non-Newtonian approach (muds) performed poorly. This suggests the spill behaved more like a concentrated sediment-laden flow than a mud-like one, possibly due to changes in fluid behaviour caused by the mine tailings in the pond after the failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Probabilistic Cascade Modeling for Enhanced Flood and Landslide Hazard Assessment: Integrating Multi-Model Approaches in the La Liboriana River Basin.
- Author
-
Vega, Johnny, Ortiz-Giraldo, Laura, Botero, Blanca A., Hidalgo, César, and Parra, Juan Camilo
- Subjects
LANDSLIDE hazard analysis ,DEBRIS avalanches ,RAINFALL ,RIVER channels ,HYDROLOGIC models ,LANDSLIDES - Abstract
Extreme rainfall events in Andean basins frequently trigger landslides, obstructing river channels and causing flash flows, loss of lives, and economic damage. This study focused on improving the modeling of these events to enhance risk management, specifically in the La Liboriana basin in Salgar (Colombia). A cascading modeling methodology was developed, integrating the spatially distributed rainfall intensities, hazard zoning with the SLIDE model, propagation modeling with RAMMS using calibrated soil rheological parameters, the distributed hydrological model TETIS, and flood mapping with IBER. Return periods of 2.33, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years were defined and applied throughout the methodology. A specific extreme event (18 May 2015) was modeled for calibration and comparison. The spatial rainfall intensities indicated maximum concentrations in the northwestern upper basin and southeastern lower basin. Six landslide hazard maps were generated, predicting landslide-prone areas with a slightly above random prediction rate for the 2015 event. The RAMMS debris flow modeling involved 30 simulations, indicating significant deposition within the river channel and modifying the terrain. Hydraulic modeling with the IBER model revealed water heights ranging from 0.23 to 7 m and velocities from 0.34 m/s to 6.98 m/s, with urban areas showing higher values, indicating increased erosion and infrastructure damage potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Análisis del transporte de sedimentos en el curso bajo del río Ebro mediante modelización numérica de una avenida controlada
- Author
-
David López-Gómez, Miguel de Blas-Moncalvillo, María Castejón-Zapata, Ángel Gassó-Sánchez, Ernest Bladé, Marcos Sanz-Ramos, Danial Dehghan-Souraki, Luis Garrote-de Marco, David Santillán-Sánchez, Juan Miguel Soria-García, Javier San Román-Saldaña, Rogelio Galván-Plaza, Miguel Ángel García-Vera, and Javier Sánchez-Martínez
- Subjects
transporte de sedimentos ,modelación numérica ,iber ,calibración modelos numéricos ,muestreo de sedimentos ,Ocean engineering ,TC1501-1800 ,Hydraulic engineering ,TC1-978 - Abstract
El principal objetivo de este estudio es el análisis de la movilización de sedimento durante la avenida controlada del 5 de mayo de 2022 en el curso bajo del río Ebro desde la presa de Ribarroja. Durante este evento, se realizó una campaña de ensayos incluyendo aforo de caudales y medidas de turbidez y concentración de sedimentos en suspensión. Esta información ha permitido simular numéricamente el curso bajo del río Ebro desde la presa de Flix hasta su desembocadura con el modelo Iber, modelo euleriano 2D basado en el esquema de los volúmenes finitos de primer orden. Para ello se ha empleado el módulo de transporte de sedimentos en suspensión que resuelve la ecuación de advección – difusión, que emplea el modelo de erosión y sedimentación de Van-Rijn y resuelve la conservación de masa de Exner para estudiar la evolución del lecho. Los resultados de la modelización numérica son coherentes con la campaña de ensayos y validan el modelo Iber para analizar el transporte de sólidos en suspensión en la zona de estudio.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Extension of Iber for Simulating Non–Newtonian Shallow Flows: Mine-Tailings Spill Propagation Modelling.
- Author
-
Sanz-Ramos, Marcos, Bladé, Ernest, Sánchez-Juny, Martí, and Dysarz, Tomasz
- Subjects
PROPERTIES of fluids ,FLUID dynamics ,PARTICULATE matter ,CONSERVATION of mass ,SHEARING force - Abstract
Mine tailings are commonly stored in off-stream reservoirs and are usually composed of water with high concentrations of fine particles (microns). The rupture of a mine-tailings pond promotes, depending on the characteristics of the stored material, the fluidization and release of hyper-concentrated flows that typically behave as non–Newtonian fluids. The simulation of non–Newtonian fluid dynamics using numerical modelling tools is based on the solution of mass and momentum conservation equations, particularizing the shear stress terms by means of a rheological model that accounts for the properties of the fluid. This document presents the extension of Iber, a two-dimensional hydrodynamic numerical tool, for the simulation of non–Newtonian shallow flows, especially those related to mine tailings. The performance of the numerical tool was tested throughout benchmarks and real study cases. The results agreed with the analytical and theoretical solutions in the benchmark tests; additionally, the numerical tool also revealed itself to be adequate for simulating the dynamic and static phases under real conditions. The outputs of this numerical tool provide valuable information, allowing researchers to assess flood hazard and risk in mine-tailings spill propagation scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. High Performance Computing in Eco-Hydraulics: High-Resolution and long-Term Numerical Modelling
- Author
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Sanz-Ramos, Marcos, López-Gómez, David, Bladé, Ernest, Dehghan-Souraki, Danial, Kostianoy, Andrey G., Series Editor, Carpenter, Angela, Editorial Board Member, Younos, Tamim, Editorial Board Member, Scozzari, Andrea, Editorial Board Member, Vignudelli, Stefano, Editorial Board Member, Kouraev, Alexei, Editorial Board Member, Gourbesville, Philippe, editor, and Caignaert, Guy, editor
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Flood Maps Definition for Off-Stream Reservoir Failure: Deterministic Versus Probabilistic Approach
- Author
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Sanz-Ramos, Marcos, Bladé, Ernest, Silva-Cancino, Nathalia, Salazar, Fernando, López-Gómez, David, Dehghan-Souraki, Danial, Kostianoy, Andrey G., Series Editor, Carpenter, Angela, Editorial Board Member, Younos, Tamim, Editorial Board Member, Scozzari, Andrea, Editorial Board Member, Vignudelli, Stefano, Editorial Board Member, Kouraev, Alexei, Editorial Board Member, Gourbesville, Philippe, editor, and Caignaert, Guy, editor
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Gestión natural de inundaciones.
- Author
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Fernanda Parra-Gómez, Luisa and Leonardo Franco-Idárraga, Freddy
- Subjects
- *
BODIES of water , *FLOOD risk , *STREAMFLOW , *HYDRAULIC models , *HYDROLOGIC models - Abstract
This research evaluates natural flood management strategies in a mountain basin, the Olivares-Minitas creek in Manizales, Colombia, to quantify the effectiveness of their application in reducing floods. Hydraulic and hydrological modeling was performed simultaneously in Iber software. Multiple scenarios were proposed for three natural flood management alternatives: (1) making room for the channel, eliminating contractions and structures limitations, (2) changing the vegetation cover of the upper part of the basin, increasing the ground roughness, and (3) reconnect the stream with their floodplains, allowing the stream to dissipate flow and energy. Applying these strategies, the simulations resulted of the decrease the high discharges and the delay in peak times for the hydrographs. In conclusion, from natural solutions like rehabilitating, recovering the water body, and their ecosystem, is possible to manage and reduce the flooding risk, Attaining benefits through long-term reduction of flooding and enhancement of the river and its ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. THE USE OF COMPUTATIONAL MODELING FOR SIMULATION AND COMPARISON OF DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS IN NORTHWEST FLUMINENSE. CASE STUDY: POMBA RIVER AND PARAÍBA DO SUL RIVER.
- Author
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Martins Zanata, Igor, Santos de Oliveira, Vicente de Paulo, and Rambaldi Telles, Wagner
- Subjects
DIGITAL elevation models ,TOPOGRAPHY ,COMPUTER simulation ,FLOODS ,BIOLOGICAL extinction ,STREAMFLOW ,DIGITAL computer simulation - Abstract
Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Assessing Flood Severity and Risk to Residents in Bosque Chapultepec.
- Author
-
NAVA-ROMERO, Itai, BRAVO-JÁCOME, José Avidán, and PRECIADO-JIMÉNEZ, Margarita Elizabeth
- Subjects
FLOOD risk ,FLOOD warning systems ,STORMS ,HEALTH risk assessment ,FLOW velocity ,WATER depth - Abstract
This paper aims to study storm events that lead to urban flooding and their after-effects in Bosque Chapultepec, an urban forest located in Mexico City. Considering Bosque Chapultepec’s landscape configuration and composition, along with micro-watersheds that drain into the four-sectioned study area, the water depths and velocities were estimated through hydrodynamic models in Iber derived from design storms for different return periods between 2 and 10,000 years. Risk to human safety assessment due to flooding was determined in terms of flow depth and velocity using the Dorrigo classification; and vulnerable zones prone to endanger people to be dragged by the flow were determined and classified following approach proposed by Milanesi, Pilotti, and Ranzi which has an inherent relationship not only to topographic data – since is one of the main data input in hydrodynamic simulations to create flood depth and velocity rasters – but also to human body conceptual model of human stability in a flow. 100-year return period storm events showed that more than 60% of area affected by flooding would not cause damages to light structures, vehicle instability nor reduce people’s ability for wading; and more than 90% on area where people were at risk of being washed away corresponded to very low levels, meaning that people passing by the forest only need to be cautious. Furthermore, in light of the latter, recommendations were proposed to prevent flooding in Bosque Chapultepec and to reduce both flood severity and risk to residents to being washed away. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
11. Flooding study of the Loira River (Galicia, Spain): Importance of pre-evaluation in land management
- Author
-
David Solla, Carolina Acuña-Alonso, Carlos Peco-Costas, and Xana Álvarez
- Subjects
Hydrological modelling ,Return period ,IBER ,Flood ,Flow velocity ,Draft height ,Renewable energy sources ,TJ807-830 ,Environmental engineering ,TA170-171 - Abstract
Floods pose recurrent threats to numerous countries, carrying substantial social, economic and at times, catastrophic implications, especially in extreme scenarios. In addition, coastal areas are strongly threatened by extreme weather events and climate change impacts. Given these pressing challenges, it becomes imperative to conduct thorough assessments of future flood impacts, particularly in areas of significant environmental and socio-economic importance. This study addresses this need by focusing on the potential consequences of flooding in the Loira River, situated in the municipality of Marín, Pontevedra, Northwestern Spain. For this purpose, the free software IBER has been used, these is a free software that solves the 2D depth-averaged shallow water equations (SWEs) by using a finite volume scheme, with the domain being discretized with both structured and unstructured triangular or quadrilateral elements. The hydrological model has been established from the maximum flow for different return periods (T10, T100 and T500). Field observations, including channel widths, bridge configurations, and various parameters, further inform our analysis. Our findings reveal critical insights, including a maximum height differential of 0.48 m, particularly significant at the upstream bridge, exacerbating flooding risks in adjacent plains. Moreover, velocities along riverbanks reach hazardous levels, notably during the 500-year return period, necessitating urgent protective measures for local residents. The hydrological model also indicates that small-scale forestation has no significant effect on flood prevention. This research underscores the utility of advanced hydrological modelling in informing risk management strategies and underscores the necessity of pre-emptive hydrological analyses to mitigate future flood risks effectively.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Avances en Iber para la clasificación de balsas: proyecto ACROPOLIS
- Author
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Marcos Sanz-Ramos, Ernest Bladé, Nathalia Silva-Cancino, and Fernando Salazar
- Subjects
riesgo de inundación ,balsas ,machine learning ,computación de alto rendimiento ,iber ,Ocean engineering ,TC1501-1800 ,Hydraulic engineering ,TC1-978 - Abstract
Se estima que en España hay alrededor de 70.000 balsas. Según la legislación vigente, usuarios y administraciones tienen la obligación de clasificarlas en función del riesgo potencial frente una eventual rotura si tienen más de 100.000 m3 o el dique mide más de 5 m. Con el objetivo de construir un sistema de ayuda para su clasificación que facilite y agilice este proceso, se ha llevado a cabo el proyecto ACROPOLIS. A tal fin, la herramienta de modelización numérica Iber fue elemento esencial y de carácter transversal. Por un lado, el empleo de Iber permitió desarrollar un método simplificado para pre-clasificar balsas en base a técnicas de machine learning y, por otro lado, se desarrollaron metodologías ad hoc en Iber que agilizan y automatizan los procesos, como la extracción automática de información hidráulica y de peligrosidad en puntos vulnerables y la paralelización del código para el cálculo mediante técnicas de computación de alto rendimiento.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Avances en Iber para la clasificación de balsas: proyecto ACROPOLIS.
- Author
-
Sanz-Ramos, Marcos, Bladé, Ernest, Silva-Cancino, Nathalia, and Salazar, Fernando
- Subjects
HIGH performance computing ,MACHINE learning ,FLOOD risk ,DAMS ,CLASSIFICATION - Abstract
Copyright of Ingeniería del Agua is the property of Universidad Politecnica de Valencia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Analysis of Gongseng Dam Break-Induced Flood in East Java, Indonesia Through 2D Iber Software.
- Author
-
Ahmadi, Sa'iyd Husayn, Triatmodjo, Bambang, and Benazir
- Subjects
DAM failures ,HAZARD mitigation ,DAMS ,FLOOD risk ,LAND use planning ,WATER depth ,FLOODS - Abstract
The dam is a crucial river-crossing structure that ensures a sustainable water supply and offers numerous benefits. However, the potential hazard of dam failure is an imminent threat that could materialize unexpectedly. To comprehend the potential impact of dam break flood and identify vulnerable areas, it is essential to conduct rigorous analysis and simulate various dam failure scenarios. This comprehensive assessment is invaluable for informed land use planning and the development of effective emergency response plans. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze flood inundation resulting from the hypothetical failure of Gongseng dam, using Iber model. The modeling approach relied on a two-dimensional finite volume shallow water model, guided by specialized software. The scenarios for Gongseng dam break showed inundation areas of 12.57 km² and 7.55 km² for overtopping and piping failure, respectively. Overtopping failure resulted in the highest discharge, with Von Thun method causing severe damage due to wide break dimensions, and eventually leading to catastrophic consequences. However, this study showed that Froehlich method provided the most rational prediction for break parameters. In contrast to the other methods focusing solely on water height behind dam, Froehlich equation considered both the volume and height at the time of failure. Implementing dam break analysis held the potential to benefit downstream communities by providing inundation maps, thereby aiding in the mitigation of flood risks. Particularly, in situations with limited data and resources, as shown in this study, the cost-effective modeling method proposed could be an attractive option for simulating extreme flood induced by dam break. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Probabilistic Cascade Modeling for Enhanced Flood and Landslide Hazard Assessment: Integrating Multi-Model Approaches in the La Liboriana River Basin
- Author
-
Johnny Vega, Laura Ortiz-Giraldo, Blanca A. Botero, César Hidalgo, and Juan Camilo Parra
- Subjects
Colombia ,debris flow ,torrential flood ,IBER ,landslide ,RAMMS ,Hydraulic engineering ,TC1-978 ,Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes ,TD201-500 - Abstract
Extreme rainfall events in Andean basins frequently trigger landslides, obstructing river channels and causing flash flows, loss of lives, and economic damage. This study focused on improving the modeling of these events to enhance risk management, specifically in the La Liboriana basin in Salgar (Colombia). A cascading modeling methodology was developed, integrating the spatially distributed rainfall intensities, hazard zoning with the SLIDE model, propagation modeling with RAMMS using calibrated soil rheological parameters, the distributed hydrological model TETIS, and flood mapping with IBER. Return periods of 2.33, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years were defined and applied throughout the methodology. A specific extreme event (18 May 2015) was modeled for calibration and comparison. The spatial rainfall intensities indicated maximum concentrations in the northwestern upper basin and southeastern lower basin. Six landslide hazard maps were generated, predicting landslide-prone areas with a slightly above random prediction rate for the 2015 event. The RAMMS debris flow modeling involved 30 simulations, indicating significant deposition within the river channel and modifying the terrain. Hydraulic modeling with the IBER model revealed water heights ranging from 0.23 to 7 m and velocities from 0.34 m/s to 6.98 m/s, with urban areas showing higher values, indicating increased erosion and infrastructure damage potential.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Extension of Iber for Simulating Non–Newtonian Shallow Flows: Mine-Tailings Spill Propagation Modelling
- Author
-
Marcos Sanz-Ramos, Ernest Bladé, Martí Sánchez-Juny, and Tomasz Dysarz
- Subjects
numerical modelling ,Iber ,viscous-plastic flows ,gypsum tailings ,pyroclastic/pyritic tailings ,Hydraulic engineering ,TC1-978 ,Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes ,TD201-500 - Abstract
Mine tailings are commonly stored in off-stream reservoirs and are usually composed of water with high concentrations of fine particles (microns). The rupture of a mine-tailings pond promotes, depending on the characteristics of the stored material, the fluidization and release of hyper-concentrated flows that typically behave as non–Newtonian fluids. The simulation of non–Newtonian fluid dynamics using numerical modelling tools is based on the solution of mass and momentum conservation equations, particularizing the shear stress terms by means of a rheological model that accounts for the properties of the fluid. This document presents the extension of Iber, a two-dimensional hydrodynamic numerical tool, for the simulation of non–Newtonian shallow flows, especially those related to mine tailings. The performance of the numerical tool was tested throughout benchmarks and real study cases. The results agreed with the analytical and theoretical solutions in the benchmark tests; additionally, the numerical tool also revealed itself to be adequate for simulating the dynamic and static phases under real conditions. The outputs of this numerical tool provide valuable information, allowing researchers to assess flood hazard and risk in mine-tailings spill propagation scenarios.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Application of Two-Dimensional Hydraulic Modelling of Hydrological Risk Related to Urban Flood. A Case of the Taza City, Morocco
- Author
-
Hanae Bouiss, Said Bengamra, Najat Amarjouf, Mostafa Oujidi, Iman Amar, and Abdellatif Grari
- Subjects
hazard ,urban flooding ,2d hydraulic modelling ,risk ,iber ,Ecology ,QH540-549.5 - Abstract
Flood Risk modelling and analysis have received plenty attention globally because of the growing rate of flood failures in maximum riverine regions. This work aims to map the flood hazard in an urban environment through two-dimensional (2D) modelling with the Iber software. The study area is the city of Taza, located between the Pre Rif and the Middle Atlas in the northeast of Morocco. The inputs to the 2D model are metrological, hydrological, topographical and geological data. The hazard map is developed using 2D hydraulic modelling. The results obtained show that the propagation of rainwater occurs rapidly due to the rugged terrain of the region studied and the impermeability of the soil.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Analysis of Gongseng Dam Break-Induced Flood in East Java, Indonesia Through 2D Iber Software
- Author
-
Sa’iyd Husayn Ahmadi, Bambang Triatmodjo, and Benazir
- Subjects
Dam Break Analysis ,Breach Parameters ,Flood Inundation ,Flood Routing ,Iber ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
The dam is a crucial river-crossing structure that ensures a sustainable water supply and offers numerous benefits. However, the potential hazard of dam failure is an imminent threat that could materialize unexpectedly. To comprehend the potential impact of dam break flood and identify vulnerable areas, it is essential to conduct rigorous analysis and simulate various dam failure scenarios. This comprehensive assessment is invaluable for informed land use planning and the development of effective emergency response plans. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze flood inundation resulting from the hypothetical failure of Gongseng dam, using Iber model. The modeling approach relied on a two-dimensional finite volume shallow water model, guided by specialized software. The scenarios for Gongseng dam break showed inundation areas of 12.57 km² and 7.55 km² for overtopping and piping failure, respectively. Overtopping failure resulted in the highest discharge, with Von Thun method causing severe damage due to wide break dimensions, and eventually leading to catastrophic consequences. However, this study showed that Froehlich method provided the most rational prediction for break parameters. In contrast to the other methods focusing solely on water height behind dam, Froehlich equation considered both the volume and height at the time of failure. Implementing dam break analysis held the potential to benefit downstream communities by providing inundation maps, thereby aiding in the mitigation of flood risks. Particularly, in situations with limited data and resources, as shown in this study, the cost-effective modeling method proposed could be an attractive option for simulating extreme flood induced by dam break.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. A Risk-Based Approach for the Analysis of Flood Impact in Villahermosa (Tabasco, Mexico).
- Author
-
Ceragene, Mackendy, Bonasia, Rosanna, Cea, Luis, and Cuevas-Cancino, Maria de la O
- Subjects
FLOOD damage ,FLOOD risk ,EXTREME weather ,RAINFALL ,URBAN growth ,RISK perception ,FLOODS - Abstract
Floods in Villahermosa are events that have occurred frequently over the centuries, due to the city's location at the mouth of two of the most powerful rivers in Mexico. Flooding effects on residents have become increasingly damaging over the years as a consequence of the increase in frequency and intensity of extreme weather phenomena, in addition to poor land-use planning policies. The increase in population and consequent urban expansion are certainly causes of the problem, which are reflected in poor urban planning policy and in an almost absent perception of risk. In this work, we present a methodology for the construction of flood risk maps based on a hydraulic study, analysis of social vulnerability indexes, calculation of severity indexes and construction of hazard maps. The results of the hydraulic simulations show that relatively frequent rainfall causes floods of the order of 2 m, in agreement with annual observations conducted in Villahermosa. More extreme rainfall can lead to flooding greater than 4 m in marginalized areas of the city. The areas at greatest risk are sections close to the rivers that cross the city, and the estimated economic damage is greater than USD 14 million. Risk maps presented here constitute the first effort of an integrated study to couple flood analysis with the calculation of economic damage in the city of Villahermosa, and provide important tools to conscientize populations in their perception of risk, but also create the basis for a conscious urbanization policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Application of Two-Dimensional Hydraulic Modelling of Hydrological Risk Related to Urban Flood. A Case of the Taza City, Morocco.
- Author
-
Bouiss, Hanae, Bengamra, Said, Amarjouf, Najat, Oujidi, Mostafa, Amar, Iman, and Grari, Abdellatif
- Subjects
FLOOD risk ,HYDRAULIC models ,RAINWATER ,COMPUTER software - Abstract
Flood Risk modelling and analysis have received plenty attention globally because of the growing rate of flood failures in maximum riverine regions. This work aims to map the flood hazard in an urban environment through two-dimensional (2D) modelling with the Iber software. The study area is the city of Taza, located between the Pre Rif and the Middle Atlas in the northeast of Morocco. The inputs to the 2D model are metrological, hydrological, topographical and geological data. The hazard map is developed using 2D hydraulic modelling. The results obtained show that the propagation of rainwater occurs rapidly due to the rugged terrain of the region studied and the impermeability of the soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. A review of water quality models and monitoring methods for capabilities of pollutant source identification, classification, and transport simulation.
- Author
-
Talukdar, Pritam, Kumar, Bimlesh, and Kulkarni, Vihangraj V.
- Subjects
BODIES of water ,WATER quality ,POLLUTANTS ,WATER quality monitoring ,INTEGRALS ,WATER analysis - Abstract
Water quality monitoring and modeling are vital in improving the aquatic ecosystem's health and surroundings. The advancements in computer science and its integration with mathematics have resulted in the development of divergent algorithms and models for evaluating/predicting water quality and simulating the fate/transport of environmental contaminants. In this paper, four widely used statistical methods/algorithms, viz. (1) topological method, (2) multivariate statistics, (3) geostatistics, and (4) information entropy method, have been discussed and assessed. The assessment is based on its application merits and de-merits in recent environmental/water resources projects to advocate its suitability and flexibility in water quality analysis. The assessment parameters of suitability taken into account are pollutant source identification and classification. The reviewed methods argue for river water quality improvement through restoration and pollution control plans, simultaneously trying to minimize the number of sampling locations. Further, the five most widely used WQ models, viz. MIKE, AQUATOX, SWAT, IBER, and TELEMAC have been compared based on their mode of access (paid/freely available), input data requirement, output, and applicability for specific scenarios (e.g., oil spillage, contaminant transport, etc.). This paper is the first of its kind that compares and reviews IBER software and other water quality modeling/analysis software. The review is constructed to guide the reader in selecting a particular method and software/model in various scenarios. The study of the water quality models will also help in selecting the most accurate model to uncover the distribution of biochemical contaminants in a water body and its prediction to generate risk maps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Explorando la respuesta hidrodinámica de un río altamente perturbado por erupciones volcánicas: el Río Blanco, Chaitén (Chile)
- Author
-
Bruno Mazzorana, Diego Bahamondes Rosas, Liz Montecinos, Virginia Ruiz-Villanueva, and Iván Rojas
- Subjects
iber ,chaitén ,peligrosidad ,flujos trifásicos ,sensibilidad hidrodinámica ,Ocean engineering ,TC1501-1800 ,Hydraulic engineering ,TC1-978 - Abstract
En este trabajo se exploró la respuesta hidrodinámica del Río Blanco ante flujos trifásicos (agua, sedimento y madera), en un contexto de perturbación volcánica. La escasa información hidrológica dificulta el uso de métodos tradicionales, por lo que se definió una alternativa metodológica para determinar la peligrosidad de inundaciones a través de modelos numéricos (Iber) y el diseño de escenarios. Los resultados mostraron que el caudal necesario para el desborde del río varía entre 850 y 950 m3/s para flujos monofásicos (solo agua), mientras que para los flujos trifásicos el caudal fue mucho menor (entre 700 y 800 m3/s). Además, se observaron diferencias significativas en el área inundada entre los escenarios con distintas rugosidades y proporción de sedimento y madera en el flujo. Los resultados evidencian la gran complejidad y sensibilidad del sistema fluvial del Río Blanco.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Modelación hidrodinámica de un tramo del río Purires a la altura del nuevo hospital, ante un posible escenario de cambio climático
- Author
-
David Borge-Leandro and Pablo Fernández-Campos
- Subjects
Morfometría ,cuenca ,hidrogramas ,inundaciones ,sistemas de información geográfica ,Iber ,Technology - Abstract
En el cantón de El Guarco se ubicará el nuevo hospital de la provincia de Cartago, con un área estimada de construcción de 9 hectáreas, en un lote próximo a la confluencia de los ríos Purires y Coris. Históricamente en la zona se han presentado problemáticas relacionadas a desbordamientos de ríos e inundaciones. Los parámetros morfométricos determinados para la cuenca del río Purires señalan que la cuenca es propensa a la generación de inundaciones en la cuenca baja y la acumulación de sedimentos, esto aunado a altas pendientes que disminuyen su grado de inclinación según se aproximan al punto de estudio. Para la realización del proyecto del cual se deriva este artículo, se implementó el uso de una aeronave no tripulada y una antena RTK, esto para precisar la altimetría del área de interés, esta actividad resulta en un modelo digital de elevaciones de 3,7 cm/píxel, principal insumo para el modelado hidrodinámico. Se evalúa el comportamiento hidrodinámico de un tramo de 1,5km del río Purires, en Iber 2.4.3, del cual se obtiene la máxima extensión espacial, su calado y velocidad del flujo, así como su tiempo de permanencia, esto para un posible escenario de Cambio Climático. Se obtienen resultados tanto en el área donde se edificará el hospital, las llanuras de inundación próximas al tramo levantado del río, así como dos puentes, el puente 6 de la ruta nacional 2, que comunica el área metropolitana con la zona sur del país, y también un puente cantonal que comunica con el pueblo de Barrancas.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. A Probabilistic Approach for Off-Stream Reservoir Failure Flood Hazard Assessment.
- Author
-
Sanz-Ramos, Marcos, Bladé, Ernest, Silva-Cancino, Nathalia, Salazar, Fernando, López-Gómez, David, and Martínez-Gomariz, Eduardo
- Subjects
FLOOD damage ,RISK assessment ,HYDRAULIC structures ,FLOODS ,THEORY of wave motion ,FLOOD warning systems ,HAZARD mitigation - Abstract
Off-stream reservoirs are hydraulic structures that might cause severe flood damages in case of failure or improper operation. Their safety regulations usually require hydraulic studies for flood hazard and inundation zone mapping. The selection of the break point is not trivial because the topography in its surroundings is commonly highly anthropic. A wrong selection would not provide the worst scenario in terms of maximum flood hazard extent. This work presents a probabilistic approach based on a stochastic definition of the break point along the dyke. A number of failure scenarios are generated automatically, corresponding to different breach formations. Then, an in-cascade calculation process simulates each scenario, providing a framework to carry out statistical analysis. The simulation of the breach formation and the flood wave propagation is performed through a GPU parallelised two-dimensional hydraulic numerical model, which provides a probabilistic inundation zone and flood hazard mapping of all scenarios simulated in a suitable timeframe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Combining Synthetic and Observed Data to Enhance Machine Learning Model Performance for Streamflow Prediction.
- Author
-
López-Chacón, Sergio Ricardo, Salazar, Fernando, and Bladé, Ernest
- Subjects
MACHINE learning ,RANDOM forest algorithms ,FLOOD warning systems ,STREAMFLOW ,STANDARD deviations - Abstract
Machine learning (ML) models have been shown to be valuable tools employed for streamflow prediction, reporting considerable accuracy and demonstrating their potential to be part of early warning systems to mitigate flood impacts. However, one of the main drawbacks of these models is the low precision of high streamflow values and extrapolation, which are precisely the ones related to floods. Moreover, the great majority of these models are evaluated considering all the data to be equally relevant, regardless of the imbalanced nature of the streamflow records, where the proportion of high values is small but the most important. Consequently, this study tackles these issues by adding synthetic data to the observed training set of a regression-enhanced random forest model to increase the number of high streamflow values and introduce extrapolated cases. The synthetic data are generated with the physically based model Iber for synthetic precipitations of different return periods. To contrast the results, this model is compared to a model only fed with observed data. The performance evaluation is primarily focused on high streamflow values using scalar errors, graphically based errors and errors by event, taking into account precision, over- and underestimation, and cost-sensitivity analysis. The results show a considerable improvement in the performance of the model trained with the combination of observed and synthetic data with respect to the observed-data model regarding high streamflow values, where the root mean squared error and percentage bias decrease by 23.1% and 38.7%, respectively, for streamflow values larger than three years of return period. The utility of the model increases by 10.5%. The results suggest that the addition of synthetic precipitation events to existing records might lead to further improvements in the models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Implementación de embalses en cálculos hidrológicos con Iber
- Author
-
Gonzalo García-Alén, Orlando García-Feal, Luis Cea, and Jerónimo Puertas
- Subjects
embalse ,presa ,hidrología ,iber ,laminación ,avenida ,Ocean engineering ,TC1501-1800 ,Hydraulic engineering ,TC1-978 - Abstract
La consideración del efecto laminador de los embalses en la evaluación de caudales de avenida es un aspecto fundamental en aquellas cuencas donde la hidrología está condicionada por la presencia de presas. En este trabajo se presenta la implementación de embalses y presas en el módulo hidrológico del modelo Iber, el cual resuelve las ecuaciones de aguas someras bidimensionales a escala de toda una cuenca. Para la modelización del caudal de salida del embalse se incluyen aliviaderos con y sin compuerta, desagües de fondo y la posibilidad de definir una curva de desagüe ad hoc que relacione el caudal de salida con el nivel del embalse. Como caso de estudio se modeló el efecto del embalse de Iznájar en la hidrología de la cuenca del río Genil, en España. Se consideraron tres hipótesis de cálculo con el fin de comparar el efecto de los diferentes órganos de desagüe definidos en esta nueva implementación en Iber. La metodología definida demuestra ser capaz de representar numéricamente los órganos de gestión del embalse y resolver así una limitación fundamental en el modelado de grandes cuencas con Iber.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Explorando la respuesta hidrodinámica de un río altamente perturbado por erupciones volcánicas: el Río Blanco, Chaitén (Chile).
- Author
-
Mazzorana, Bruno, Bahamondes, Diego, Montecinos, Liz, Ruiz-Villanueva, Virginia, and Rojas, Iván
- Subjects
SINGLE-phase flow ,WATERSHEDS ,STREAMFLOW ,SEDIMENTS ,FLOODS - Abstract
Copyright of Ingeniería del Agua is the property of Universidad Politecnica de Valencia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Implementación de embalses en cálculos hidrológicos con Iber.
- Author
-
García-Alén, Gonzalo, García-Feal, Orlando, Cea, Luis, and Puertas, Jerónimo
- Subjects
SHALLOW-water equations ,FLOOD routing ,DAMS ,SPILLWAYS ,HYDROLOGY - Abstract
Copyright of Ingeniería del Agua is the property of Universidad Politecnica de Valencia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Flood Modeling in a Coastal Town in Northern Colombia: Comparing MODCEL vs. IBER.
- Author
-
Pérez-Montiel, Jhonny I., Cardenas-Mercado, Leyner, and Nardini, Andrea Gianni Cristoforo
- Subjects
LA Nina ,RAINFALL ,HYDRAULIC models ,FLOODS ,MODELS (Persons) ,CITIES & towns - Abstract
In Riohacha the La Niña, phenomenon generates intense rains with consequent serious flooding. To address this reality, MODCEL, a conceptual cell-based model, had been applied and calibrated in a previous project. In this research, we compare MODCEL with IBER, a well-known, physically based 2D hydraulic model. The purpose is twofold: (i) to illustrate how system schematization can be carried out in the two modeling frameworks, which is not a trivial task and implies several choices and assumptions; (ii) to point out the strengths and weaknesses of these two models in a comparative fashion. Here, IBER has been calibrated and validated with the same data used for MODCEL. MODCEL performs slightly better, both in calibration and validation possibly because of the low resolution of the topographic information, an essential element for IBER. Furthermore, in IBER it is not possible to represent adequately all the different hydraulic works spread across the town. MODCEL, in turn, is not easy to apply because it requires a deep insight into the actual behavior of the physical system and time-consuming schematization attempts where a deep experience is needed; furthermore, it is by far less user-friendly than IBER. In any case, the two models capture sufficiently well the behavior of urban flooding and its changes according to hypothetical interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. A Risk-Based Approach for the Analysis of Flood Impact in Villahermosa (Tabasco, Mexico)
- Author
-
Mackendy Ceragene, Rosanna Bonasia, Luis Cea, and Maria de la O Cuevas-Cancino
- Subjects
flood risk maps ,flood hazard assessment ,social vulnerability ,Iber ,Villahermosa ,Hydraulic engineering ,TC1-978 ,Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes ,TD201-500 - Abstract
Floods in Villahermosa are events that have occurred frequently over the centuries, due to the city’s location at the mouth of two of the most powerful rivers in Mexico. Flooding effects on residents have become increasingly damaging over the years as a consequence of the increase in frequency and intensity of extreme weather phenomena, in addition to poor land-use planning policies. The increase in population and consequent urban expansion are certainly causes of the problem, which are reflected in poor urban planning policy and in an almost absent perception of risk. In this work, we present a methodology for the construction of flood risk maps based on a hydraulic study, analysis of social vulnerability indexes, calculation of severity indexes and construction of hazard maps. The results of the hydraulic simulations show that relatively frequent rainfall causes floods of the order of 2 m, in agreement with annual observations conducted in Villahermosa. More extreme rainfall can lead to flooding greater than 4 m in marginalized areas of the city. The areas at greatest risk are sections close to the rivers that cross the city, and the estimated economic damage is greater than USD 14 million. Risk maps presented here constitute the first effort of an integrated study to couple flood analysis with the calculation of economic damage in the city of Villahermosa, and provide important tools to conscientize populations in their perception of risk, but also create the basis for a conscious urbanization policy.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Urban pluvial flood modelling in the absence of sewer drainage network data: a physics-based approach
- Author
-
Montalvo Montenegro, Carlos Israel, Reyes-Silva, Julián David, Sañudo, Esteban, Cea, Luis, Puertas, Jerónimo, Montalvo Montenegro, Carlos Israel, Reyes-Silva, Julián David, Sañudo, Esteban, Cea, Luis, and Puertas, Jerónimo
- Abstract
[Abstract:] 1D/2D dual drainage models have become one of the most useful tools in the study of urban pluvial floods. However, such models require information about the sewer network that is not always readily available. In this study we present a physics-based approach for assessing urban pluvial floods, with the aim of overcoming the common situation of having limited information on the sewer system. The method proposed involves the use of available open-access information within a virtual sewer network generation tool. This realistic approach allows for the implementation of 1D/2D dual drainage models, such as the recently developed Iber-SWMM model. Results obtained from four storm events using a virtual sewer network in Iber-SWMM were compared with those derived using data from the actual sewer network in a coastal town located in NW Spain. These results revealed that the proposed approach can reasonably represent the sewer network's drainage capacity during pluvial floods, especially compared to other simplified approaches, like the rainfall reduction method. The proposed approach also accounts for the sewer network transport capacity and the impact of overflows when a sewer’s capacity is exceeded. Hence the study confirms the significant effect of these processes on the magnitude of pluvial flooding in urban areas. The methodology is shown to be robust, and can be applied to any urban settlement in which no proper record of the sewer network is available.
- Published
- 2024
32. Avances en Iber para la clasificación de balsas: proyecto ACROPOLIS
- Author
-
Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Doctorat en Enginyeria Civil, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Civil i Ambiental, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Geo2Aqua - Monitoring, modelling and geomatics for hydro-geomorphological processes, Sanz Ramos, Marcos, Bladé i Castellet, Ernest, Silva Cancino, Nathalia, Salazar, Fernando, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Doctorat en Enginyeria Civil, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Civil i Ambiental, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Geo2Aqua - Monitoring, modelling and geomatics for hydro-geomorphological processes, Sanz Ramos, Marcos, Bladé i Castellet, Ernest, Silva Cancino, Nathalia, and Salazar, Fernando
- Abstract
Se estima que en España hay alrededor de 70000 balsas. Según la legislación vigente, usuarios y administraciones tienen la obligación de clasificarlas en función del riesgo potencial frente una eventual rotura si tienen más de 100000 m3 o el dique mide más de 5 m. Con el objetivo de construir un sistema de ayuda para su clasificación que facilite y agilice este proceso, se ha llevado a cabo el proyecto ACROPOLIS. A tal fin, la herramienta de modelización numérica Iber fue elemento esencial y de carácter transversal. Por un lado, el empleo de Iber permitió desarrollar un método simplificado para pre-clasificar balsas en base a técnicas de machine learning y, por otro lado, se desarrollaron metodologías ad hoc en Iber que agilizan y automatizan los procesos, como la extracción automática de información hidráulica y de peligrosidad en puntos vulnerables y la paralelización del código para el cálculo mediante técnicas de computación de alto rendimiento, Postprint (published version)
- Published
- 2024
33. Definition of Flood-Prone Areas: A Comparison between HEC-RAS and Iber Software Results
- Author
-
Martins, Márcia, Gonçalves, Pedro, Gomes, Alberto, Teixeira, José, Pisello, Anna Laura, Editorial Board Member, Hawkes, Dean, Editorial Board Member, Bougdah, Hocine, Editorial Board Member, Rosso, Federica, Editorial Board Member, Abdalla, Hassan, Editorial Board Member, Boemi, Sofia-Natalia, Editorial Board Member, Mohareb, Nabil, Editorial Board Member, Mesbah Elkaffas, Saleh, Editorial Board Member, Bozonnet, Emmanuel, Editorial Board Member, Pignatta, Gloria, Editorial Board Member, Mahgoub, Yasser, Editorial Board Member, De Bonis, Luciano, Editorial Board Member, Kostopoulou, Stella, Editorial Board Member, Pradhan, Biswajeet, Editorial Board Member, Abdul Mannan, Md., Editorial Board Member, Alalouch, Chaham, Editorial Board Member, O. Gawad, Iman, Editorial Board Member, Nayyar, Anand, Editorial Board Member, Amer, Mourad, Series Editor, Fernandes, Francisco, editor, Malheiro, Ana, editor, and Chaminé, Helder I., editor
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Diseño de una metodología para cálculo de energía hidrocinética en estuarios: ejemplo de aplicación con el software IBER
- Author
-
Andone Amezqueta-García, Víctor Manuel Fernández-Pacheco, and Eduardo Álvarez-Álvarez
- Subjects
microturbinas ,energía hidrocinética ,iber ,Ocean engineering ,TC1501-1800 ,Hydraulic engineering ,TC1-978 - Abstract
En el contexto actual de una creciente demanda energética, la energía hidrocinética provocada por la interacción de mareas y caudales de agua en estuarios de los ríos es una de las fuentes con mayor potencial por explotar. En este artículo se presenta el diseño una metodología, que incluye un código que permite automatizar la evaluación de la energía hidrocinética disponible en un estuario, así como el valor de la energía que puede ser aprovechada por turbinas hidrocinéticas de eje vertical a partir de los resultados de simulación obtenidos mediante programas de simulación hidrodinámica. Se ha realizado la integración de dicho código con el software de simulación hidrodinámica IBER, aplicándose la metodología al caso del estuario del río Nalón (Asturias, España).
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. A Probabilistic Approach for Off-Stream Reservoir Failure Flood Hazard Assessment
- Author
-
Marcos Sanz-Ramos, Ernest Bladé, Nathalia Silva-Cancino, Fernando Salazar, David López-Gómez, and Eduardo Martínez-Gomariz
- Subjects
off-stream reservoir ,statistical analysis ,probabilistic flood mapping ,Iber ,Hydraulic engineering ,TC1-978 ,Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes ,TD201-500 - Abstract
Off-stream reservoirs are hydraulic structures that might cause severe flood damages in case of failure or improper operation. Their safety regulations usually require hydraulic studies for flood hazard and inundation zone mapping. The selection of the break point is not trivial because the topography in its surroundings is commonly highly anthropic. A wrong selection would not provide the worst scenario in terms of maximum flood hazard extent. This work presents a probabilistic approach based on a stochastic definition of the break point along the dyke. A number of failure scenarios are generated automatically, corresponding to different breach formations. Then, an in-cascade calculation process simulates each scenario, providing a framework to carry out statistical analysis. The simulation of the breach formation and the flood wave propagation is performed through a GPU parallelised two-dimensional hydraulic numerical model, which provides a probabilistic inundation zone and flood hazard mapping of all scenarios simulated in a suitable timeframe.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. A Machine Learning-Based Surrogate Model for the Identification of Risk Zones Due to Off-Stream Reservoir Failure.
- Author
-
Silva-Cancino, Nathalia, Salazar, Fernando, Sanz-Ramos, Marcos, and Bladé, Ernest
- Subjects
RANDOM forest algorithms ,HYDRAULIC models ,TWO-dimensional models ,PREDICTION models ,TEST methods ,MACHINE learning - Abstract
Approximately 70,000 Spanish off-stream reservoirs, many of them irrigation ponds, need to be evaluated in terms of their potential hazard to comply with the new national Regulation of the Hydraulic Public Domain. This requires a great engineering effort to evaluate different scenarios with two-dimensional hydraulic models, for which many owners lack the necessary resources. This work presents a simplified methodology based on machine learning to identify risk zones at any point in the vicinity of an off-stream reservoir without the need to elaborate and run full two-dimensional hydraulic models. A predictive model based on random forest was created from datasets including the results of synthetic cases computed with an automatic tool based on the two-dimensional numerical software Iber. Once fitted, the model provided an estimate on the potential hazard considering the physical characteristics of the structure, the surrounding terrain and the vulnerable locations. Two approaches were compared for balancing the dataset: the synthetic minority oversampling and the random undersampling. Results from the random forest model adjusted with the random undersampling technique showed to be useful for the estimation of risk zones. On a real application test the simplified method achieved 91% accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Simulación y análisis de inundaciones en cabeceras de cuenca, utilizando el software IBER en diferentes tramos
- Author
-
Francisco Alejandro Alcántara Boza, Clever Torres Rojas, Leonel Rolando Lucas Vidal, and Johnny Daniel Bravo Loor
- Subjects
iber ,geomorfología ,velocidad de flujo ,inundaciones ,cabecera de cuenca ,Mining engineering. Metallurgy ,TN1-997 ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Geography (General) ,G1-922 - Abstract
El presente estudio se realizó en la confluencia de las microcuencas Baños, Minascocha y Quilla; que pertenece a la parte alta de la cuenca Chancay- Huaral, con la finalidad de identificar las zonas de mayor vulnerabilidad frente a los fenómenos de pluviométricos de gran intensidad (inundaciones). Para la modelación de dicho tramo se utilizó los caudales que fueron obtenidos mediante el software SWAT. La simulación de la inundación se realizó mediante el software IBER V2.5, el cual es un software libre, que es utilizado en la simulación de inundaciones en aguas someras, es decir poco profundas. Los archivos utilizados fueron: imágenes satelitales, archivos DEM, caudales máximos. También se utilizó los Sistemas de Información Geográfica: ArcGis 10.5, QGIS 3.8.2, SASPLANET, GLOBALMAPER. La base matemática fueron las ecuaciones bidimensionales de St. Venant, el cual incorpora la turbulencia y rozamiento del flujo. Los resultados se muestran en tres puntos estratégicos a la salida de cabeceras de cuenca, con secciones transversales, velocidad, calado y froude. Como resultados se observa que en cabeceras de cuenca no se observa inundaciones, las velocidades del flujo de agua disminuyen en función al tiempo y distancia, ello debido a las características geomorfológicas encajonadas, el macizo rocoso, los sedimentos morrénicos a leptosoles y la vegetación herbácea - arbustiva.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Combining Synthetic and Observed Data to Enhance Machine Learning Model Performance for Streamflow Prediction
- Author
-
Sergio Ricardo López-Chacón, Fernando Salazar, and Ernest Bladé
- Subjects
machine learning ,physically based ,Iber ,streamflow ,high values ,synthetic ,Hydraulic engineering ,TC1-978 ,Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes ,TD201-500 - Abstract
Machine learning (ML) models have been shown to be valuable tools employed for streamflow prediction, reporting considerable accuracy and demonstrating their potential to be part of early warning systems to mitigate flood impacts. However, one of the main drawbacks of these models is the low precision of high streamflow values and extrapolation, which are precisely the ones related to floods. Moreover, the great majority of these models are evaluated considering all the data to be equally relevant, regardless of the imbalanced nature of the streamflow records, where the proportion of high values is small but the most important. Consequently, this study tackles these issues by adding synthetic data to the observed training set of a regression-enhanced random forest model to increase the number of high streamflow values and introduce extrapolated cases. The synthetic data are generated with the physically based model Iber for synthetic precipitations of different return periods. To contrast the results, this model is compared to a model only fed with observed data. The performance evaluation is primarily focused on high streamflow values using scalar errors, graphically based errors and errors by event, taking into account precision, over- and underestimation, and cost-sensitivity analysis. The results show a considerable improvement in the performance of the model trained with the combination of observed and synthetic data with respect to the observed-data model regarding high streamflow values, where the root mean squared error and percentage bias decrease by 23.1% and 38.7%, respectively, for streamflow values larger than three years of return period. The utility of the model increases by 10.5%. The results suggest that the addition of synthetic precipitation events to existing records might lead to further improvements in the models.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Comparison of three different numerical implementations to model rainfall‐runoff transformation on roofs.
- Author
-
Sañudo, Esteban, Cea, Luis, and Puertas, Jerónimo
- Abstract
Roofs represent a high percentage of the impervious surfaces in urban areas, and hence their implementation in urban drainage models is essential for accurate results to be achieved. Current modelling approaches are based on parameters such as a roof's slope and width, its roughness coefficient, and the initial abstraction. In this study, an experimental campaign was performed in order to assess the sensitivity of the roof runoff hydrographs to these parameters. The experimental tests were carried out in a new large‐scale urban drainage facility equipped with a rainfall simulator. The experimental tests were replicated numerically using three different levels of model resolution, from a high fidelity representation with a spatial resolution of 5 mm (which can be considered a digital twin) to a lumped representation. Our experimental results show that, for practical purposes, the sensitivity of the outlet runoff hydrograph to the roof slope tested is negligible. The numerical upscaling analysis carried out showed that flat roofs present a slightly different hydrograph behaviour with greater times of concentration than sloped roofs. No significant sensitivity of the outlet hydrograph to the surface roughness coefficient was found. In terms of numerical modelling, the use of a very high spatial resolution for the roof, which implies a high computational cost, does not affect the results significantly compared to the far simpler lumped approach. The current research involves the first thorough experimental and computational analysis of the runoff over roofs to date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Hydraulic Anatomy of Guadiana Springs (I)
- Author
-
P. Doncel Fuentes and M. Florín Beltrán
- Subjects
geo-historiografía ,patrimonio ,iber ,modelización de capacidad de carga hidráulica ,Ocean engineering ,TC1501-1800 ,Hydraulic engineering ,TC1-978 - Abstract
Guadiana River used to spring thanks to the Western Mancha Aquifer surplus flow, powering a set of sixteen watermills located along fifty kilometres of its upper reach. Such industrial hub lasted until the second half of last century, when drainage and drying-up works joined to aquifer overdraft, resulted in a distressing parched and scorched land where water and life had been dominant for centuries. The first target of this independent research, developed at the wetlands section of the Regional Centre Water Research and Civil Engineering Faculty (UCLM), is to characterize this ancient hydraulic system through geo-historiography and field works integrated in a Geographic Information System, to model that pristine hydrodynamics in IBER under flooding conditions. The expected results would assess the pristine hydraulic carrying capacity and flooding events management capacity of the sixteen weirs and watermills operating by 16th century, baseline to analyse further scenarios influenced by the drainage works to come. These parameters are essential to draft any fluvial restoration project focused on recovering that Hydraulic Public Domain and to mitigate the climate change potential effects.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Optimización del cálculo de la Vía de Intenso Desagüe con criterios hidráulicos
- Author
-
M. Sanz-Ramos, E. Bladé, and E. Escolano
- Subjects
inundaciones fluviales ,riesgo de inundación ,zona de flujo preferente ,vía de intenso desagüe ,iber ,Ocean engineering ,TC1501-1800 ,Hydraulic engineering ,TC1-978 - Abstract
La legislación española actual exige que en los estudios de inundabilidad se delimite la Zona de Flujo Preferente (ZFP), compuesta por envolvente de la Zona de Inundación Peligrosa (ZIP) y la Vía de Intenso Desagüe (VID). La delimitación de la VID es compleja, subjetiva, y no tiene solución única. Habitualmente se determina mediante la restricción de la zona disponible para el flujo, estrechando la zona que ocupa la avenida de 100 años de periodo de retorno, es decir, no permitiendo el flujo en las zonas más alejadas del eje del río. En el presente trabajo se analiza el concepto de VID, y se muestra cómo, en algunos casos, el método anterior no es el mejor, en especial en presencia de zonas de flujo desconectadas o en casos en los que el flujo puede tener una componente transversal importante. Finalmente, se presenta una metodología para la definición de una VID con el mayor sentido físico posible, mediante modelización numérica bidimensional.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Diseño de una metodología para cálculo de energía hidrocinética en estuarios: ejemplo de aplicación con el software IBER.
- Author
-
Amezqueta-Garcíaa, Andone, Fernández-Pacheco, Víctor Manuel, and Álvarez-Álvarez, Eduardo
- Abstract
Copyright of Ingeniería del Agua is the property of Universidad Politecnica de Valencia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Flood Modeling in a Coastal Town in Northern Colombia: Comparing MODCEL vs. IBER
- Author
-
Jhonny I. Pérez-Montiel, Leyner Cardenas-Mercado, and Andrea Gianni Cristoforo Nardini
- Subjects
urban flooding ,mathematical modeling ,MODCEL ,IBER ,comparison ,Hydraulic engineering ,TC1-978 ,Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes ,TD201-500 - Abstract
In Riohacha the La Niña, phenomenon generates intense rains with consequent serious flooding. To address this reality, MODCEL, a conceptual cell-based model, had been applied and calibrated in a previous project. In this research, we compare MODCEL with IBER, a well-known, physically based 2D hydraulic model. The purpose is twofold: (i) to illustrate how system schematization can be carried out in the two modeling frameworks, which is not a trivial task and implies several choices and assumptions; (ii) to point out the strengths and weaknesses of these two models in a comparative fashion. Here, IBER has been calibrated and validated with the same data used for MODCEL. MODCEL performs slightly better, both in calibration and validation possibly because of the low resolution of the topographic information, an essential element for IBER. Furthermore, in IBER it is not possible to represent adequately all the different hydraulic works spread across the town. MODCEL, in turn, is not easy to apply because it requires a deep insight into the actual behavior of the physical system and time-consuming schematization attempts where a deep experience is needed; furthermore, it is by far less user-friendly than IBER. In any case, the two models capture sufficiently well the behavior of urban flooding and its changes according to hypothetical interventions.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Urban pluvial flood modelling in the absence of sewer drainage network data: A physics-based approach.
- Author
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Montalvo, C., Reyes-Silva, J.D., Sañudo, E., Cea, L., and Puertas, J.
- Subjects
- *
COMBINED sewer overflows , *SEWERAGE , *DRAINAGE , *VIRTUAL networks , *RAINFALL , *FLOODS - Abstract
• The method involves the use of open-access information. • Virtual sewer network has realistic topology, conduit diameters and flow conditions. • Virtual sewer network approach enables the implementation of 2D-1D models. • Virtual sewer network reasonably represents drainage capacity during pluvial floods. • The approach accounts for the sewer the impact of manhole overflows in the network. 1D/2D dual drainage models have become one of the most useful tools in the study of urban pluvial floods. However, such models require information about the sewer network that is not always readily available. In this study we present a physics-based approach for assessing urban pluvial floods, with the aim of overcoming the common situation of having limited information on the sewer system. The method proposed involves the use of available open-access information within a virtual sewer network generation tool. This realistic approach allows for the implementation of 1D/2D dual drainage models, such as the recently developed Iber-SWMM model. Results obtained from four storm events using a virtual sewer network in Iber-SWMM were compared with those derived using data from the actual sewer network in a coastal town located in NW Spain. These results revealed that the proposed approach can reasonably represent the sewer network's drainage capacity during pluvial floods, especially compared to other simplified approaches, like the rainfall reduction method. The proposed approach also accounts for the sewer network transport capacity and the impact of overflows when a sewer's capacity is exceeded. Hence the study confirms the significant effect of these processes on the magnitude of pluvial flooding in urban areas. The methodology is shown to be robust, and can be applied to any urban settlement in which no proper record of the sewer network is available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Análisis hidrodinámico bidimensional del drenaje superficial en una vía urbana
- Author
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Luis Fernando Carvajal-Serna, Manuel Guillermo Cardenas, and Ramiro Vicente Marbello
- Subjects
sumidero ,iber ,estabilidad peatonal ,drenaje urbano ,modelación 2d ,Technology ,Mining engineering. Metallurgy ,TN1-997 - Abstract
Se presenta la modelación hidrodinámica 2D de un tramo de una vía urbana considerando las características de topografía, distribución de sumideros y cruces de vías, con el objeto de definir mejores criterios de diseño del drenaje vial urbano. El flujo preferente indica la distribución espacial donde se concentra la mayor cantidad de caudal unitario, el cual permite determinar un alineamiento interno para la ubicación de sumideros. Se evalúan diferentes escenarios de análisis que incluye la variación de los tipos de entrada de caudal, la intensidad de lluvia y la distancia entre sumideros, complementados con la inclusión de umbrales de peligrosidad de la escorrentía para los peatones. De los escenarios simulados se obtienen los comportamientos particulares del flujo sobre la vía y se define un criterio básico para la longitud de separación entre sumideros con base en un equilibrio entre criterios hidráulicos, de riesgo y económicos.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Numerical study for the development of flood maps considering the break hypothesis in irrigation reservoirs
- Author
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F.J. Sánchez-Romero, M. Pérez-Sánchez, M. Redón-Santafé, J.B. Torregrosa Soler, C. Ferrer Gisbert, J.J. Ferrán Gozálvez, A. Ferrer Gisbert, and P.A. López-Jiménez
- Subjects
daño ,rotura balsa ,tubificación ,sobrevertido ,IBER ,Ocean engineering ,TC1501-1800 ,Hydraulic engineering ,TC1-978 - Abstract
The need to regulate the water volume as a function of irrigation needs, as well as the availability of hydric resources, caused the building of a high number of irrigation reservoir. This research describes the process for the development of floods maps when the break hypothesis is considered in irrigation reservoirs. This process was applied on 14 study cases, using FLDWAV and IBER model. The results showed the difference between the failure forms (piping and overtopping). These differences force to consider the two failure hypotheses in the study. Different criteria of damage were defined through velocity and depth values, which enable to interpret more specific the risk areas. The study contributes to improve the interpretation of this type of situations, helping in the planning and management of these possible emergencies.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. A Machine Learning-Based Surrogate Model for the Identification of Risk Zones Due to Off-Stream Reservoir Failure
- Author
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Nathalia Silva-Cancino, Fernando Salazar, Marcos Sanz-Ramos, and Ernest Bladé
- Subjects
machine learning ,Iber ,off-stream reservoirs ,dam breach ,floods ,random forest ,Hydraulic engineering ,TC1-978 ,Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes ,TD201-500 - Abstract
Approximately 70,000 Spanish off-stream reservoirs, many of them irrigation ponds, need to be evaluated in terms of their potential hazard to comply with the new national Regulation of the Hydraulic Public Domain. This requires a great engineering effort to evaluate different scenarios with two-dimensional hydraulic models, for which many owners lack the necessary resources. This work presents a simplified methodology based on machine learning to identify risk zones at any point in the vicinity of an off-stream reservoir without the need to elaborate and run full two-dimensional hydraulic models. A predictive model based on random forest was created from datasets including the results of synthetic cases computed with an automatic tool based on the two-dimensional numerical software Iber. Once fitted, the model provided an estimate on the potential hazard considering the physical characteristics of the structure, the surrounding terrain and the vulnerable locations. Two approaches were compared for balancing the dataset: the synthetic minority oversampling and the random undersampling. Results from the random forest model adjusted with the random undersampling technique showed to be useful for the estimation of risk zones. On a real application test the simplified method achieved 91% accuracy.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Photosynthetic Assimilate Partitioning Coefficient and Lint Yield of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Under the Influence of Potassium Spraying in Salt Stress Conditions
- Author
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M. Jafaraghaei and A.H. Jalali
- Subjects
iber ,cotton ,lint percentage ,lint yield ,Agriculture ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of saline irrigation water and potassium spraying treatments on the yield and photosynthetic assimilate partitioning coefficient, a study was conducted in 2014 in the form of split factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with four replications at Rudasht Salinity and Drainage Research station in Isfahan, central Iran. Irrigation water treatments with salinity of 4, 8 and 12 dS m-1 were the main plots and a factorial of three genotypes (Mutant LM 1673, Mutant LM 1303 and Shayan) with 3 levels of potassium sulfate (2, 4 and 6 kg 1000 L-1 water ha-1) and control (Spraying with water) formed the subplots. The results showed that the effect of salinity treatment on lint yield, lint percent and allocation of dry matter to plant organs was statistically significant. Increasing salinity from 4 to 8 and 12 dS m-1 reduced the lint yield by19.6% and 43.6%, and also reduced lint percent by 5% and 7.3%, respectively. The lint yield of the mutant LM-1303 at 3 levels of salinity of 4, 8 and 12 dS m-1 was 3918, 2990 and 2315 kg ha-1, respectively, and in this respect, a significant superiority was observed compared with the other two genotypes. Spraying with potassium sulfate at concentrations of 2, 4, 6 and 6 per mil increased yield by 20.5%, 31% and 28%, respectively, compared to control treatment. In general, mutant LM-1303 had potential for the successful production under salt stress conditions in the region, and potassium sulfate spraying had a positive effect on the lint yield only under non-stress conditions.
- Published
- 2018
49. Hydraulic Numerical Simulations of La Sabana River Floodplain, Mexico, as a Tool for a Flood Terrain Response Analysis
- Author
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Rosanna Bonasia and Mackendy Ceragene
- Subjects
hydraulic numerical model ,Iber ,ungauged river ,terrain response to floods ,Hydraulic engineering ,TC1-978 ,Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes ,TD201-500 - Abstract
The floodplain of La Sabana River, Guerrero State, Mexico, was subject to disastrous floods due to the passage of extreme weather phenomena. This is a situation facing many ungauged rivers in Mexico, as well as in other developing countries, where increased urbanization and a lack of monitoring systems make many inhabited areas more vulnerable to flooding. The purpose of this work is to provide a tool for determining the flood terrain response to flooding based on a hydraulic study. This methodology combines a hydrological analysis of the river basin with the floodplain hydraulic study for the precise identification of overflow points and the resulting flood levels. Results show that, for an ungauged river, hydraulic analysis is an essential tool for determining the main potential flood points and establishing whether the river has the capacity to contain floods. Specifically, it is shown that La Sabana River is predisposed to overflow long before the river reaches its maximum flow, even in correspondence with more frequent flood scenarios. This study shows a further application that a hydraulic model can have to improve flood risk preparedness for ungauged rivers of regions where other types of monitoring tools cannot be used.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Optimización del cálculo de la Vía de Intenso Desagüe con criterios hidráulicos.
- Author
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Sanz-Ramos, M., Bladé, E., and Escolano, E.
- Abstract
Copyright of Ingeniería del Agua is the property of Universidad Politecnica de Valencia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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