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this article's goal is to present the indefinite refined neutrosophic integrals by parts. All situations where integration by parts can be used are covered, including the use of rotating integrals to solve recurring and non-terminating functions like the product of trigonometric and exponential functions. Furthermore, the Tabular method has been implemented in the computation of the indefinite refined neutrosophic integrals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study addresses the relationship between education-job mismatch and aggregate labor market performance in a cross-country setting. We examine the effect of education-job mismatch on aggregate productivity across 15 countries using data from the OECD Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). We measure mismatch levels and compute their incidence across countries. Next, the paper develops a model linking mismatch to aggregate productivity. In the model the allocation of labor across the types of mismatch is derived from the endogenous process. The findings show that reducing mismatch results in increases in output per capita. This provides evidence for an important role of the allocation of workers according to jobs that match their fields of study and qualification levels not only for individual earnings but also for aggregate outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research collaboration is an important instrument for innovation and knowledge transfer. In this respect, barriers that prevent or impede research collaboration between research institutions and companies are of particular importance. In this paper, we elaborate on the importance of research collaboration barriers by conducting and analysing 77 expert interviews from ten German regions. We go beyond the existing literature by examining differences in the perception of different kinds of experts and by comparing different types of regions classified according to the presence of important actors, namely research institutions and large companies. Our results show that research collaboration barriers are perceived as very significant barriers to innovation across all region types. We find differences in the perception of research collaboration barriers between the experts. On the regional level, the presence of research institutions shifts the relevance from missing partners to other research collaboration barriers, while all research collaboration barriers are not perceived as significantly less important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multifunctional interfacial layers and porous Zn surface as well as the introduction of electrolyte additives were achieved via a N, B doped carbon bubble-loaded iodine-assisted method, thus allowing the INBC@Zn electrode to exhibit superior cycling stability. [Display omitted] • A trinity composite coating is constructed by N, B doped carbon-loading iodine method. • ZnO interfacial layer, ZnI 2 additives and 3D porous structure are in-situ achieved. • ZnO interfacial layer and 3D porous structure modulate the uniform zinc deposition. • The INBC@Zn anode has excellent cycle stability and low nucleation overpotential. Although aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) have the merits of environmental friendliness, high safety and theoretical capacity, the slow kinetics associated with zinc deposition and unavoidable interfacial corrosion have seriously affected the commercialization of aqueous zinc ion batteries. In this work, an ingenious "trinity" design is proposed by applying a porous hydrophilic carbon-loaded iodine coating to the zinc metal surface (INBC@Zn), which simultaneously acts as an artificial protective layer, electrolyte additive and anode curvature regulator, so as to reduce the nucleation overpotential of Zn and promote the preferential deposition of (0 0 2) planes to some extent. With this synergistic effect, INBC@Zn exhibits high reversibility and strong side reaction inhibition. As a result, INBC@Zn shows high symmetric cycling stability up to 4500 h at 1 mA cm−2. An ultra-long cycle stability of 1500 cycles with high Coulombic efficiency (99.8 %) is achieved in the asymmetric cell. In addition, the INBC@Zn//NVO full cells exhibit impressive capacity retention (96 % after 1000 cycles at 3 A/g). Importantly, the designed pouch cell demonstrates stable performance and shows certain prospects for application. This work provides a facile and instructive approach toward the development of high-performance AZIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present results from a longitudinal experiment on academic and socialemotional effects of culturally enriching field trips. We randomly assign fourth and fifth grade students to attend field trips throughout the year or to serve as a control. Treatment students express greater tolerance for people with different opinions and an increased desire to consume arts. Additionally, treatment students have fewer behavioral infractions, attend school more frequently, score higher on end-of-grade exams, and receive higher course grades. Effects are strongest when students enter middle school. We find no effect on students' empathy, social perspective taking, or desire to participate in arts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the in-situ bimetallic co-gelation process, the high dispersion of Cu in the Cu/Fe 3 O 4 -BMMA was realized, providing conditions for the efficient elimination of I 2. The adsorption experiments showed that Cu/Fe 3 O 4 -BMMA has good I 2 adsorption capacity (631.3 mg/g) and fast capture kinetics (equilibrium time <30 min). In addition, Cu/Fe 3 O 4 -BMMA was able to effectively remove trace I 2 in the solution from ppm level (1.0 ppm) down to ppb level (≤30 ppb). The adsorbed I 2 was converted into stable CuI, avoiding secondary pollution due to desorption. Notably, the used Cu/Fe 3 O 4 -BMMA was able to be separated from the solution by simple magnetic suction, which greatly improved the efficiency and reduced the recovery cost. Overall, this study provides a potentially efficient iodine capture material for long-term decay storage of radioactive iodine. [Display omitted] • The Cu in Cu/Fe 3 O 4 -BMMA exhibited high reactivity and utilization. • Cu/Fe 3 O 4 -BMMA can effectively reduce I 2 and adsorb it to generate stable CuI. • Cu/Fe 3 O 4 -BMMA exhibited a high removal rate of trace I 2 in actual environments. • The used adsorbents can be rapidly recovered by magnetic adsorption. Adsorption is considered to be one of the most effective methods to remove radioiodine from the solution. However, developing highly efficient adsorbents and the rapid recovery of the used adsorbents is still a challenge. Here, a series of Cu/Fe 3 O 4 bimetallic mutual-doping magnetic aerogels (Cu/Fe 3 O 4 -BMMA) were synthesized. Based on the in-situ bimetallic co-gelation process, the high dispersion of Cu in the aerogel was realized, providing conditions for the efficient elimination of I 2. The Fe3+ in the initial gel was reduced to magnetic Fe 3 O 4 during the preparation process, allowing for the quick recovery of the adsorbent through the application of a magnetic field. The adsorption experiments showed that Cu/Fe 3 O 4 -BMMA has good I 2 adsorption capacity (631.3 mg/g) and fast capture kinetics (equilibrium time < 30 min). In addition, Cu/Fe 3 O 4 -BMMA was able to effectively remove trace I 2 in the solution from ppm level (1.0 ppm) down to ppb level (≤30 ppb). The adsorbed I 2 was converted into stable CuI, avoiding secondary pollution due to desorption. Overall, this study provides a potentially efficient iodine capture material for long-term decay storage of radioactive iodine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In any meta‐analysis, it is critically important to report the dispersion in effects as well as the mean effect. If an intervention has a moderate clinical impact on average we also need to know if the impact is moderate for all relevant populations, or if it varies from trivial in some to major in others. Or indeed, if the intervention is beneficial in some cases but harmful in others. Researchers typically report a series of statistics such as the Q‐value, the p‐value, and I2, which are intended to address this issue. Often, they use these statistics to classify the heterogeneity as being low, moderate, or high and then use these classifications when considering the potential utility of the intervention. While this practice is ubiquitous, it is nevertheless incorrect. The statistics mentioned above do not actually tell us how much the effect size varies. Classifications of heterogeneity based on these statistics are uninformative at best, and often misleading. My goal in this paper is to explain what these statistics do tell us, and that none of them tells us how much the effect size varies. Then I will introduce the prediction interval, the statistic that does tell us how much the effect size varies, and that addresses the question we have in mind when we ask about heterogeneity. This paper is adapted from a chapter in "Common Mistakes in Meta‐Analysis and How to Avoid Them." A free PDF of the book is available at https://www.Meta-Analysis.com/rsm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considered the epidemic of the 21st century by the WHO, obesity is a global problem that is on the rise and will continue to increase in the coming years. Spain and Andalusia, in particular, are no exception to this pathology, which has tripled since the 1970s, representing a public health challenge. The aim of this study is to analyse the socioeconomic determinants of this pathology, with special emphasis on answering the question of what has a greater influence on overweight, education level, or income. For this purpose, we have used the European Survey of Health in Spain (ESHS-2020), a microdata base, with a total of 22,072 valid individual observations (of which 2,820 belong to the Andalusian population). Results we obtain in our estimations of qualitative response models reveal that, although both income and educational attainment could be effective in the fight against overweight, the social gradient of this health problem is greater with respect to educational attainment. Additionally, there are many other variables and other factors related to the individual's overweight (mental health, subjective state of health, oral health, among others) which are much less explored and which must be considered in health policies to combat this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the impact of household earnings shocks on in-school mental health designations in the context of the Great Recession using propensity score matching and a unique data set of linked administrative educational and tax data. Relative to children who did not experience recessionary earnings losses, the rate of new mental health designations among children with earnings losses was 0.5 percentage points higher (20 percent) during the recession. The effect of experiencing a recessionary earnings loss is persistent and grows, especially among children who experienced the loss when they were aged 10 or younger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monetary incentives underlie academic publications, especially in countries where many researchers' incomes are performance-based. Evidence has documented that social ties improve the chances of publication in journals, whereas building and maintaining social ties require resources. We develop a simple model to investigate the consequences of monetary investment on the probability of publication through social ties. The results indicate that monetary incentive can stimulate researchers to make more efforts regarding publication. Through social ties, monetary investment in the process of academic publication distorts researchers' incentive. Monetary investment through social ties improves the probability of publication and then disables the signaling function of publication in terms of researchers’ abilities. Depending on the contribution of different types of researchers to society and the ability of the latter to differentiate the quality of publication in journals, the improvement in publication probability by monetary investment through social ties may improve or reduce the level of social welfare.

Performance evaluation of leaders is challenging in contexts where production processes are complex and there are conflicting pressures from interest groups. In the education context, school accountability systems assemble rich data and report both categorical rating and the underlying student pass rates that determine it, permitting the investigation of how different information affects labor market outcomes of school leaders. Applying regression discontinuity methods that by design hold effectiveness constant, we find sizable positive impacts on Texas elementary school principal retention and salaries for crossing the unacceptable–acceptable boundary but not for crossing higher rating cutoffs. These patterns suggest that public stigma from receiving an unacceptable rating plays a role in the unequal treatment of equally effective principals. While the labor market penalty could theoretically improve the distribution of principal quality through well-targeted departures, there is substantial overlap in principal value-added distributions across rating categories, and failure to cross the acceptable threshold does not lead to future improvements in school performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many students face various obstacles when going to school, including poor physical infrastructure and exposure to conflict. We investigate the costs of conflict-induced substandard infrastructure in terms of educational performance. We focus on students in the West Bank over 2000–2006 during the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. This conflict is characterized by a system of mobility restrictions enforced through physical barriers, such as checkpoints, which increase commuting costs and the likelihood of encounters with security forces. We find that the introduction of checkpoints near a school reduces the probability of passing the final high school exam by one percentage point and the overall score by 0.04 standard deviations. Direct encounters with checkpoints have strong negative effects on performance, suggesting that time loss due to delays or the psychological impact of encountering security personnel may be important mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The balanced scorecard (BSC) is a mission-oriented and strategy-focused performance management tool for educational institutions. The study reviews the literature on the implementation of the BSC by different educational institutions as a strategic performance management. After a comprehensive review of the literature, we analyzed the documents based on the publication trends during the years, authors’ affiliations by countries, sources from which the documents have been published, most frequently used keywords in the documents, and the highest cited documents in the Scopus database. A bibliometric mapping analysis was used to construct and visualize the bibliometric networks. We found that 267 documents that were published in the sources are indexed by Scopus. Finally, gaps in the relevant literature are identified, leading to several directions for future research.

Athletics can impact the entire university, and there is evidence that administrators' peer rankings are influenced by athletics as well. We analyze both the positive effect of winning championships and the negative effects of football bowl bans and vacated games. We find that championship effects are positive: increasing peer rankings, alumni giving, and student academic quality. Surprisingly, peer rankings increase the year of the football bowl ban but decrease the year after the ban. Additionally, there is evidence that bowl bans increase a school's acceptance rate and decrease academic quality at the sanctioned university, whereas vacated games lower alumni giving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We construct a time series of news coverage about air pollution in China for the period 1977–2019. Our measure of abnormal news coverage (ANC) of China's air pollution is uncorrelated with growth in economic activity or cyclical components of such activity, but strongly correlated with weather-related and atmospheric conditions known to cause air pollution. ANC is associated with more capital flight from China. Focusing on the USA as a destination country, we find that ANC is associated with more Chinese citizens emigrating to US regions with stronger ethnic links to China, and more international students enrolling in US institutions with stronger Chinese student links. US regions with stronger ethnic or educational ties to China experience higher property price growth when ANC is higher. Our study suggests that perception of local environmental risk can have major consequences for the cross-border reallocation of capital and labor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacterial, fungal, and viral diseases of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) are responsible for widespread yield losses, especially in humid growing environments. Chromosome 11 of tomato contains genes that modulate resistance to several prominent tomato pathogens, including bacterial spot caused by Xanthomonas spp., gray leaf spot caused by Stemphylium spp., Fusarium wilt caused by race 2 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, and tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) caused by begomoviruses. Major resistance loci are quantitative trait locus 11 (QTL-11) and Xv3/Rx4 for bacterial spot, Sm for gray leaf spot, I2 for Fusarium wilt, and Ty-2 for TYLCV. Marker-assisted selection was used to select for rare recombination events that combined these resistance loci into a linked cassette that can be inherited together in future crosses. A pedigree breeding strategy was used with marker-assisted selection and used to identify a novel coupling of Xv3/Rx4 and Ty-2. Recombination between the two genes was estimated as 0.056 cM, demonstrating that effective combinations of resistance can be established using publicly available germplasm. Progeny from the recombinant plants were screened using inoculated seedling trials to confirm resistance. The recombinants identified maintained resistance levels similar to the resistant controls. Trial results suggest that the trait markers on chromosome 11 are tightly linked to the respective resistance loci and are effective for selecting plants with resistance to the target diseases.

In recent years, both information technology (IT) labor demand and IT job characteristics have been significantly influenced by the advent of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) and the digital age. The higher education sector is expected to upgrade itself with such progress and train graduates capable of meeting the new industry requirements. However, due to the present demand gap, universities are seeking to identify the skills new digital workers are expected to have. As we live in the digital age, the literature has failed to address the questions of the consequences for individual workers adequately. Considerable scientific efforts should be made to design certain curricula and training programs that could nurture digital competencies (DC). There is a need to construct an inclusive framework of the term. In addition, different options exist for studying the DC of the workforce in relation to human resources management (HRM). The current paper attempts to fill the gap by developing an integrated decision-making framework. The paper aims to introduce an innovative discrimination measure and discuss its elegant properties. A Measurement of Alternatives and Ranking according to the COmpromise Solution (MARCOS) framework for evaluating the MCDM problem on a fuzzy set has been developed based on it. On the other hand, the new methodology of the PF-entropy-RS weight technique is used to compute the criteria weights or significance degrees of criteria. Then, the MARCOS method is a new elegant approach to handle the MCDM problems. Thus, in this study, we have developed a new approach to the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method using the PF-entropy-RS and PF-MARCOS methods and further implemented for the evaluation of the competencies of the future workforce for digital technologies implementation in higher education. It helps to calculate the objective/subjective weights of criteria to evaluate the competencies of the future workforce for digital technologies implementation in higher education; then, the approach is used to assess the preferences of higher education institutes over different competencies of the future workforce for digital technologies implementation in higher education. An empirical case study is carried out in this paper for the evaluation of the most important competencies of the future workforce for digital technologies implementation in higher education. In addition, to evaluate the performance quality of the proposed framework, this study also involves some comparison and sensitivity analyses. This study found that data and information processing has emerged as the most important competencies of the future workforce for digital technologies implementation in higher education. The ability to interact with modern interfaces is the second most important competency of the future workforce for digital technologies implementation in higher education. In conclusion, the workforce responsible for implementing digital technologies in higher education will significantly impact students’ learning experiences. As technological advancements continue, higher education institutions will require skilled professionals with diverse digital expertise to manage and integrate these technologies successfully.

This article revisits the Mincer earnings function and presents comparable estimates of the average monetary returns associated with an additional year of education across different regions worldwide. In contrast to the traditional Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method commonly employed in the literature, this study applied a cutting-edge approach known as Support Vector Regression (SVR), which belongs to the family of machine learning (ML) algorithms. SVR is specifically chosen to address the bias arising from underfitting inherent in OLS. The analysis focuses on recent data spanning from 2010 to 2018, ensuring temporal homogeneity across the examined regions. The findings reveal that each additional year of education, on average, yields a private rate of returns of 10.4%. Notably, Sub-Saharan Africa exhibits the highest returns to education at 17.8%, while Europe demonstrates the lowest returns at 7.2%. Moreover, higher education is associated with the highest returns across the regions, with a rate of 12%, whereas primary education yields returns of 10%. Interestingly, women generally experience higher returns than men, with rates of 10.6 and 10.1%, respectively. Over time, the returns to education exhibit a modest decline, decreasing at a rate of approximately 0.1% per year, while the average duration of education demonstrates an increase of 0.16 years per year (1% per year). The application of the state-of-the-art ML technique, SVR, not only improves the accuracy of estimates but also enhances predictive performance measures such as the coefficient of determination (R 2) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) when compared to the OLS method. The implications drawn from these findings emphasize the need for expanding university education, as well as investments in primary education, along with significant attention toward promoting girls’ education. These findings hold considerable importance for policymakers who are tasked with making informed decisions regarding education expenditure and the implementation of education financing programs.

The precise control of scaffold elements and topologies of nanoporous materials shows great prospects in the application of adsorption and separation. In this work, two kinds of porous polymers, silsesquioxane-based porous polymers (PCSs) and triazine-based covalent–organic polymers (covalent triazine-based frameworks, CTFs), were prepared by the Heck reaction and Suzuki reaction of triazine monomers with octavinylsilsesquioxane and p-phenylboronic acid, respectively. A series of experimental results showed that the specific surface areas (SBET) and the morphological structures of the target materials can be controlled by regulating the building modules. The PCSs are irregular nanoporous aggregates with SBET values of 360∼560 m2 g–1, while the CTFs are regular hollow tubular polymers with SBET values of about 30∼70 m2 g–1. Different SBET values result in different adsorption capabilities of iodine in the volatile or solution phase. For volatile iodine, the adsorption capacity of CTFs is up to 2.5 g g–1, larger than that of PCSs, while in iodine–cyclohexane solution, the adsorption capacity of PCSs is larger than that of CTFs. Due to the fluorescence quenching caused by charge transfer between the polymers and I2, two polymers can be used to detect I2 with good selectivity and sensitivity. In this work, the porosity, fluorescence properties, and adsorption capacity of the target materials were successfully regulated by adjusting the scaffold units and topological structures of starting materials, thus realizing the sensitive detection and efficient adsorption of iodine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been reported that one of the influencing factors leading to stability issues in iodine‐containing perovskite solar cells is the iodine loss from the perovskite layer. Herein, bidentate coordination is used with undercoordinated I− of the perovskite surface to construct the stable perovskite‐based heterostructure. This strong halogen bonding effectively inhibits interfacial migration of I− into functional layers such as C60 and Ag. Moreover, passivation of the undercoordinated I− suppresses the release of I2 and further delays the formation of voids at the perovskite surface. The resulting inverted perovskite solar cell exhibits a power conversion efficiency of 22.59% and the unencapsulated device maintains 96.15% of its initial value after continuous operation for 500 h under illumination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Table 1 lists the Asian universities[1] ranked among the top 100 universities in the world according to the Times Higher Education (THE) World University Rankings for 2023, and for comparison the rankings of these universities for 2013. Another instrument used to measure quality is a home-grown rating system, namely the Rating System for Higher Education Institutions in Malaysia (or SETARA), for public and private universities and university colleges. Keywords: A1; I2; I21; I23; I24; I28; J31; O2; O32; O38 EN A1 I2 I21 I23 I24 I28 J31 O2 O32 O38 149 170 22 07/06/23 20230701 NES 230701 Higher Education At the national level, higher education can be an important source of economic growth by improving the quality of labor and playing an important role in developing basic research, new ideas and innovation that result in improvements in total factor productivity. Yonezawa on Japan's higher education policies Over the past 20 years, Japan's higher education policy has been strongly influenced by national policies for achieving world-class excellence as a tool for economic and social development. [Extracted from the article]

Continuing the advances made in the later parts of the 20th century, East Asian economies and their higher education systems rapidly evolved in the first two decades of the twenty‐first century. Most East Asian countries are categorized as advanced economies with developed societies; however, issues such as aging populations, debt levels, and decreasing salary premiums for education are becoming increasingly apparent. Many of the higher education systems have reached or will soon reach a peak of massification, and a new set of challenges may emerge. In addition to ongoing challenges, for example, the need to foster further equity and internationalization, this study identifies three emergent or near future challenges for policymakers and higher education institution strategists to reflect on: the need to consolidate the system in view of decreasing enrollments; the need to reform higher education institutions to cope with potentially decreasing resources and the emergence of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and automation; and the need to realign academic research systems to ensure that the knowledge produced is more sustainable, collaborative, and meaningful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 epidemic undoubtedly affected methods and results of teaching, posed many challenges, and changed approaches to education. With the aim of verifying these changes in the context of distance learning in selected social, health, psychological and economic aspects, a survey was conducted among economics students in Poland.

We investigate whether increasing the education quality causes increases in economic growth allowing poorer countries to catch up. To this end, we extend Nelson-Phelps's classic paper by introducing differences in education quality (proxied by students' performance on the Program for International Student Assessment [PISA] test) in a leader-follower type of growth model with knowledge diffusion. We use students' performance in a standardized international PISA test to measure education quality's impact on economic growth using a panel Vector Error Correction allowing for cross-correlation in the co-integration analysis in a set of all countries observed over the years 1975–2018. Additionally, we consider the possible reverse causality that characterizes economic development and the quality of education. Our results confirm the relevance of education quality as a significant causal factor of economic growth. However, further analyses indicate that the discussed relation is long-run, which may have important implications for policymakers.