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Roots and aerial parts are the agricultural by-products of caraway (Carum carvi L.) fruit production. Hereto, the anti-obesity and hypolipidemic effects of caraway waste were assessed using different in vitro and in vivo tests performed on total ethanol extract (TEE), as well as its fractions. The ethyl acetate fraction (EtOAc fr.) exhibited the highest inhibitory activity on pancreatic lipase (PL), a-amylase and DPPH free radical. Accordingly, it showed the highest ameliorative activity against dyslipidaemia among other fractions and the total extract when tested on a high fat diet-fed mice model. It attenuated hepatic steatosis, reduced adipocyte size, ameliorated the lipid profile, and suppressed leptin concentrations as revealed by the histopathological and biochemical examinations. Umbelliferone, p-coumaric acid and isoquercitrin were isolated from the bioactive EtOAc fr. and quantified in both, the EtOAc fr. and TEE, using HPLC. Isoquercitrin displayed the highest inhibitory activity towards DPPH and PL (IC50: 10 ± 2.50 and 93.54± 2.62 µg/mL, respectively), whereas umbelliferone was the most active against a-amylase (IC50: 50.70 ± 2.83 µg/mL). Molecular docking was carried out to uncover the binding affinities to the enzymes' active sites. Isoquercitrin demonstrated strong interaction in the binding site of lipase (-130.87 kcal·mol-1), via H-bonding with Asp79, Ile78, Arg256, Ser152 and Tyr114, whereas, umbelliferone formed H-bonding with Tyr59 and Leu142 and H-Pi interaction with Gln63 in the amylase enzyme's active site (-65.99 kcal·mol-1). The current research highlights the great potential for caraway waste as a multitarget remedy against obesity, which incites further molecular and clinical studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article used Fu tea as raw material to compare the physical properties, micro-structure, active ingredient content and in vitro antioxidant, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of Fu tea powder with different particle sizes after micro-crushing to determine the optimal grinding degree of Fu tea powder. The results showed that the particle size D50 of 200 mesh Fu tea powder was 76.45±4.32 µm, the angle of repose was 50.3°, the slip angle was 47.0°, the water holding capacity was 2. 477 g/g, the oil holding capacity was 1.934 g/g, and the polysaccharide content was 11.9%, the polyphenol content was 37.1%, the DPPH clearance rate was 80.4%, the a-glucosidase inhibition rate was 72.7%, the cholate binding rate was 71.6%, and 200 mesh is the optimal crushing size of Fu tea powder. This study will provide a theoretical reference for raw material processing of Fu tea powder hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic functional food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigated the potential antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects of an ethanolic extract derived from Saraca asoca (Roxb.) Wild flowers in an alloxan-induced diabetic rat model. Thirty healthy young adult male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: Normal control, Diabetic control, Glibenclamide (standard drug), Saraca asoca flower extract (SAFE) at doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg. Diabetes was induced using alloxan monohydrate, and blood glucose levels were monitored on days 0, 7, 14 and 21. Lipid profiles, including triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and VLDL cholesterol were also assessed. The results demonstrated a dose-dependent reduction in blood glucose levels with administration of Saraca asoca flower extract. Both doses (250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg) showed significant antihyperglycemic activity compared to the diabetic control group. Additionally, treatment with the extract led to favorable changes in lipid profiles, including decreased levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol and increased HDL cholesterol levels. These findings highlight the potential of Saraca asoca flower extract as a natural intervention for managing diabetes and improving lipid metabolism. The observed pharmacological effects may be attributed to bioactive constituents such as flavonoids, tannins, and saponins present in the extract. Further exploration of underlying mechanisms and long-term safety and efficacy assessments are necessary to validate its clinical applicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the effects of the composite beverage containing Codonopsis pilosula, Astragalus membranaceus, Poria cocos on hypolipidemic effects and fatty liver damage in hyperlipidemic rats, 48 adult male rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, with 8 rats in each group, which were blank control group, model group, simvastatin group, and low, medium, and high dose sample groups of the composite beverage containing Codonopsis pilosula, Astragalus membranaceus, Poria cocos (518, 103, 2072 mg/kg). The blank control group was fed with standard diet, while the other groups were fed with high-fat feed. The blank control group and model group rats were given distilled water, the simvastatin group was given simvastatin solution, and the other three groups were given different doses of the composite beverage for 8 consecutive weeks. After the experiment, the liver, peritesticular fat, and perirenal fat of the rats were separated and weighed, and the liver index, peritesticular fat index, and perirenal fat index of the rats were calculated. The content of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in blood serum were measured. The liver lesions were detected by using HE staining and oil red staining. The research showed that compared with the model group, the body weight, liver index, perirenal fat index, and peritesticular fat index of rats in each group fed with the composite beverage containing Codonopsis pilosula, Astragalus membranaceus, Poria cocos could significantly decreased (P

The hypolipidemic effect of egg white hydrolysate (EWH), which was prepared using peptidase 433P, in high-fat diet-fed mice was evaluated using simvastatin and commercially available vinegar-egg hydrolysate as positive controls. The results demonstrated that EWH markedly inhibited body mass gain, regulated dyslipidemia, reduced hepatic lipid abnormalities and inflammatory damage, and inhibited the degeneration and formation of adipocytes and the accumulation of triglycerides in adipose tissue. Afterwards, the effect of gastrointestinal digestion on the blood lipid regulatory activity of EWH was studied. The results showed that the inhibitory effect of EWH on the solubility of cholesterol-rich micelles decreased after gastrointestinal digestion, while the bile acid binding capacity and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity showed no significant change. At last, three putative pancreatic lipase inhibitory peptides with amino acid sequences of LWVPSVY, YPILPEYLQ and WNIPIGTL were identified by mass spectrometry (MS) and molecular docking. Each of these peptides could interact with the receptor protein 1ETH through hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions and hydrophobic interactions, thus exerting hypolipidemic activity.

In this paper, alkali protease was used to enzymatically hydrolyze wheat germ proteins grown in the Hetao region. A univariate analysis and an orthogonal experiment were conducted to optimize the enzymatically hydrolyze process conditions of wheat germ proteins, with the degree of hydrolysis taken as the indicator. Moreover, the in vitro hypolipidemic effect of wheat germ polypeptides was investigated. The results showed that the degree of hydrolysis of wheat germ proteins was 37.18%±0.25% achieved by the following conditions, substrate concentration of 6.0%, temperature at 50 ℃, pH of 10.5 and protease amount of 12000 U/g. When the concentration of wheat germ polypeptides was 5 mg/mL, the rate of inhibiting cholesterol solubilisation into micelles was 27.11%±0.36%, the pancreatic lipase activity inhibition rate was 33.54%±0.57%, and cholesterol esterase activity inhibition rate was 38.13%±0.29%. Moreover, after ultrafiltration, the relative molecule weight of polypeptides less than 1 kDa accounted for 54.30%±0.32% of all polypeptides, indicating that low-molecular-weight wheat germ polypeptides might yield superior hypolipidemic effects. The work provides a theoretical foundation for further exploring the mechanism between Hetao wheat germ polypeptides and hypolipidemic effect.

Copyright of Journal of South-Central Minzu University (Natural Science Edition) is the property of Journal of South-Central Minzu University (Natural Science Edition) Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mycosystema is the property of Mycosystema Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Momordica charantia (MC), a member of the Cucurbitaceae family, is well known for its pharmacological activities that exhibit hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties. These properties are largely because of its abundant bioactive compounds and phytochemicals. Over the years, numerous studies have confirmed the regulatory effects of MC extract on glycolipid metabolism. However, there is a lack of comprehensive reviews on newly discovered MC-related components, such as insulin receptor-binding protein-19, adMc1, and MC protein-30 and triterpenoids 3β,7β,25-trihydroxycucurbita-5,23(E)-dien-19-al, and the role of MC in gut microbiota and bitter taste receptors. This review offers an up-to-date overview of the recently reported chemical compositions of MC, including polysaccharides, saponins, polyphenolics, peptides, and their beneficial effects. It also provides the latest updates on the role of MC in the regulation of gut microbiota and bitter taste receptor signaling pathways. As a result, this review will serve as a theoretical basis for potential applications in the creation or modification of MC-based nutrient supplements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yellow -fleshed cassava flour (CF) and wheat flour (WF) composite bread was prepared in various proportions of 100:0 (100% CF), 50:50 (50% CF:50% WF), 20:80 (20% CF:80% WF), 10:90 (10% CF:90% WF), and 0:100 (100% WF) and flavored with 2 g of cocoa powder (FL). Forty male Wistar rats, weighing 170-200 g were divided into eight groups of five animals each. Rats in the control group were fed with the basal diet, and other rat groups were fed with high fat diet (30% fat) for two weeks prior to injection with 25 mg/kg body weight of streptozotocin (STZ) for the induction of type-2 diabetes. Thereafter, the diabetic rats were subsequently placed on different formulated breads for two weeks, while the positive control rats were placed on acarbose (25 mg/kg/body weight) in addition to the composite bread for the time the experiment lasted. The blood glucose of the rats was checked every four days, and the rats were sacrificed using cervical dislocation at the end of the experiment. The blood was rapidly collected through a heart puncture, and the plasma was rapidly separated while the liver was excised, rinsed, and subsequently homogenized prior to the assessment of the lipid profile, and the pancreas histopathology was carried out. The result revealed that 100% CF bread + FL (98.00 mg/dl) significantly (p < 0.05) lowered blood glucose levels in diabetic rat as compared to the acarbose (240.50 mg/dl) and the control rats. Furthermore, there were significant (p < 0.05) elevation in HDL-cholesterol and a concomitant decrease in LDL-cholesterol in the plasma of diabetic rats fed with 100% CF bread + FL as compared to the control. This study suggests that composite bread from vitamin-A enriched cassava and wheat flour may represent safe and effective functional foods with antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zhoupigan (Citrus reticulata cv. Manau Gan) is a local citrus variety in China. Its peel, known as Zangju peel (ZJP). The metabolic profile and bioactivity of ZJP have not been adequately studied, resulting in underutilization of ZJP and a serious waste of resources. In this study, GC–MS identified 46 components in ZJP, which defined ZJP's distinct aroma. Furthermore, UPLC-ESI-MS/MS detected 1506 metabolites in ZJP, and the differential metabolites were primarily involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoids and phenylacetone. Additionally, 56 key differential metabolites with metabolic pathways were identified. ZJP had significant antioxidant activity and the enzyme inhibitory activity ranking as pancreatic lipase (IC50 = 3.71 mg/mL) > α-glucosidase (IC50 = 6.28 mg/mL) > α-amylase (IC50 = 8.02 mg/mL). This study aimed to evaluate the potential of ZJP as natural antioxidant and functional food source and to serve as foundation for the further development of ZJP products with specific functional attributes.

Polysaccharides are one of the main constituents of Cordyceps cicadae (C. cicadae), and they show various biological activities. In the present study, C. cicadae fruiting bodies were used as raw materials to extract polysaccharides using an aqueous two-phase system, along with cellulase and pectinase, aiming to provide references for the further development, utilization, and in-depth research of C. cicadae polysaccharides. Effects of cellulase and pectinase addition amounts and (NH4)2SO4 and polyethylene glycol (PEG) mass fractions on the polysaccharide-extraction rates were analyzed by single-factor experiments. The conditions for C. cicadae polysaccharide extraction were optimized by response-surface methodology, and the antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic properties of the polysaccharides were evaluated in vitro. The optimal conditions for C. cicadae polysaccharide extraction were as follows: Cellulase addition amount 2.01%, pectinase addition amount 2.07%, (NH4)2SO4 mass fraction 17.72%, and PEG mass fraction 20.87%, the polysaccharide-extraction rate reached 25.34% under these conditions. When the C. cicadae polysaccharide concentration was 1.0~5.0 mg/mL, the maximum Fe2+-chelating and ABTS+ radical-clearance abilities were 16.33%±1.68% and 17.38%±3.07%, respectively. The determination of total reducing power showed that the maximum absorbance of C. cicadae polysaccharides was 0.53±0.005. The maximum inhibitory rates of C. cicadae polysaccharides for α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities were 30.96%±4.53% and 49.40%±1.30% respectively, the maximum adsorption rates of C. cicadae polysaccharides for sodium cholate, sodium taurocholate, and cholesterol were 47.24%±1.89%, 44.88%±0.82%, and 70.19%±2.54% respectively. The results indicated that C. cicadae polysaccharides demonstrate effective antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic abilities in vitro. This study will provide a theoretical basis for developing C. cicadae polysaccharide-related products, especially for clinical applications.

Objective: To explore the hypolipidemic activity and toxic side effect of lansiumamide B (LB) from chicken-heart shaped wampee (Clausena lansium) seeds in C57BL/6J mice fed on a high-fat-diet (HFD) model. Methods: The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of LB in mice was assessed by oral acute toxicity test. HFD-fed mice were intragastrically administered with LB at 1/100, 1/50 and 1/25 NOAEL for 4 weeks. To evaluate the lipid-lowering activity of LB, body mass, serum lipids, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress indicators were measured. Results: The NOAEL of LB was 2 g/kg mb. LB significantly reduced body mass in HFD-fed mice. Compared with the HFD model group, body mass decreased by 15.51% and Lee’s index declined by 3.25% in the high-dose LB group; the concentration of high-density lipid-cholesterol (HDL-C) increased by 38.04%, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) in the serum increased by 41.86%, 41.95%, and 105.50%, respectively. Conclusion: LB within the NOAEL range has significant lipid-lowering activity in mice without obvious toxicity.

The naringin extraction process was optimised using response surface methodology (RSM). A central component design was adopted, which included four parameters: extraction temperature (X1), material-liquid ratio (X2), extraction time (X3), and ultrasonic frequency (X4) of 74.79 °C, 1.58 h, 1:56.51 g/mL, and 28.05 KHz, respectively. Based on these optimal extraction conditions, naringin was tested to verify the model's accuracy. Naringin yield was 36.2502 mg/g, which was equivalent to the predicted yield of 36.0124 mg/g. DM101 macroporous adsorption resin was used to purify naringin. The effects of loading concentration, loading flow rate, and sample pH on the adsorption rate of naringin and the effect of ethanol concentration on the desorption rate of naringin were investigated. The optimum conditions for naringin purification using macroporous resins were determined. The optimal loading concentration, sample solution pH, and loading flow rate were 0.075 mg/mL, 3.5, and 1.5 mL/min, respectively. Three parallel tests were conducted under these conditions, and the average naringin yield was 77.5643%. Naringin's structure was identified using infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. In vitro determination of the lipid-lowering activity of naringin was also conducted. These results showed that naringin has potential applications as a functional food for lowering blood lipid levels.

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Copyright of Storage & Process is the property of Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the light of growing concerns faced by Western societies due to aging, natality decline, and epidemic of cardio-metabolic diseases, both preventable and treatable, new and effective strategical interventions are urgently needed in order to decrease their socio-economical encumbrance. The recent focus of research has been redirected towards investigating the potential of haskap (Lonicera caerulea L.) as a novel functional food or superfruit. Therefore, our present review aims to highlight the latest scientific proofs regarding the potential of Lonicera caerulea L. (LC), a perennial fruit-bearing plant rich in polyphenols, in reversing cardio-metabolic dysfunctions. In this regard, a systematic search on two databases (PubMed and Google Scholar) from 1 January 2016 to 1 December 2023 was performed, the keyword combination being Lonicera caerulea L. AND the searched pharmacological action, with the inclusion criteria consisting of in extenso original articles, written in English. The health-enhancing characteristics of haskap berries have been examined through in vitro and in vivo studies from the 35 included original papers. Positive effects regarding cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome have been assigned to the antioxidant activity, hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects, as well as to the hepatoprotective and vasoprotective potential. Latest advances regarding LCF mechanisms of action are detailed within this review as well. All these cutting-edge data suggest that this vegetal product would be a good candidate for further clinical studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes and oxidative stress are the origin of many disorders in patients. Due to the high prevalence of diabetes in today's society, it seems necessary to find a drug that can reduce the effects of this disorder. Chitosan is a cationic polysaccharide that has a high tendency to attack negatively charged membranes. Both antol and chitosan have antioxidant activity that are more absorbable by cells in phytosomal form. The herbal-derivative anti-diabetic compounds have exhibited better efficiency with fewer clinical side effects. However, the weak solubility in aqueous solutions has limited their bioactivities. In the present study, the chitosan-coated anethole nano-phytosomes (CA-NPs) were synthesized to evaluate the angiogenic activity and anti-diabetic histological impacts of CA-NPs on the diabetic rats' pancreatic tissue and blood biochemistry indices. The CA-NPs were synthesized and characterized by DLS, FTIR, and zeta-potential methods. To study the CA-NPs' anti-diabetic activity, 30 Wistar male diabetic rats aged 12 weeks (250–300 g) were divided into five groups of six. The chorioallantoic membrane assay (CAM) assay was utilized to evaluate the CA-NPs' anti-angiogenic activity. Moreover, the CA-NPs' impact on the rats' blood chemistry indices (glucose, urea, cholesterol, and TG) was studied following the increased CA-NPs treatment doses. Finally, the anti-diabetic activity of the nano-phytosomes was analyzed by studying the pancreas histological properties in diabetic rats treated with CA-NPs. The 250-nm CA-NPs simultaneously exhibited a significant hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, pancreas protective, and renal clearance ameliorative activities by decreasing blood glucose, reducing cholesterol-TG, regenerating the pancreas β-Islands, and decreasing hyperuricemia in STZ-induce diabetic rats, respectively. The impact of CA-NPs in suppressing angiogenesis, reducing the rats' blood glucose and urea levels, and improving the pancreas Langerhans islets makes them an appropriate anti-diabetic drug delivery system. However, CA-NPs cellular uptake, serum half-time chemical stability, and mediated-cell signaling mechanisms have to be studied to suggest CA-NPs as the safe natural biocompatible anti-diabetic compound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food & Fermentation Industries is the property of Food & Fermentation Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Hyperlipidemia is a multifaceted metabolic disease, which is the major risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine provides valuable therapeutic strategies in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. Inonotus obliquus has been used in traditional medicine to treat numerous diseases for a long time. To screen and isolate the fractions of I. obliquus polysaccharides (IOP) that can reduce blood lipid in the hyperlipemia animals and cell models, and investigate its mechanisms. The active component IOP‐A2 was isolated, purified, and identified. In vivo, rats were randomly divided into blank control group (NG), the high‐fat treatment group (MG), lovastatin group (PG), and IOP‐A group. Compared with MG, the hyperlipidemic rats treated with IOP‐A2 had decreased body weight and organ indexes, with the level of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) significantly decreased (p <.05), and level of serum high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) significantly increased (p <.05). Hepatocyte steatosis in hepatic lobules was significantly reduced. In vitro, the accumulation of lipid droplets in the model of fatty degeneration of HepG2 cells was significantly alleviated, and cellular TC and TG content was significantly decreased (p <.01). Moreover, the expression of recombinant cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1) and Liver X Receptor α (LXRα) were up‐regulated (p <.05) both in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that IOP‐A2 may exert its hypolipidemic activity by promoting cholesterol metabolism and regulating the expression of the cholesterol metabolism‐related proteins CYP7A1, LXRα, SR‐B1, and ABCA1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective This study was aimed at determining the nephroprotective potential of Sphaeranthus indicus Linn methanol extract (SME) against hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy (DNP) in adult Wistar albino rats. Materials and Methods Following STZ-induced diabetes, adult albino Wistar rats of either sex with serum glucose level more than 250 mg/dL were chosen and randomized into six groups (n = 6 rats per group) and received the treatment as follows: Group I: Normal nondiabetic (ND) rats received a single intraperitoneal dose of citrate buffer in the same volume as STZ and 1% (w/v) carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) per os (po), group II: diabetic (STZ) control rats received oral dosage of 1% (w/v) CMC, group III, IV and V: STZ + SME treated rats received a suspension of SME (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, po) in 1% (w/v) CMC, and group VI: STZ + MET treated rats received metformin (500 mg/kg, po) as suspension in 1% (w/v) CMC. From 28th day to the 56th day of STZ injection, SME and MET were given for 28 days in the form of freshly prepared suspension. The impact of STZ-induced DNP was analyzed through the estimation of body weight, serum glucose, and hemoglobin A1c levels, renal functional parameters, the serum lipid profile, oxidative stress markers, and analysis of renal histoarchitecture. Result Diabetic (STZ) control rats showed significant alterations in body weight, serum glucose and hemoglobin A1c levels, renal functional parameters, the serum lipid profile, oxidative stress markers, and renal histoarchitecture in contrast to normal ND rats. SME and MET treatment significantly reduced hyperglycemia-induced enhanced lipid profile and oxidative stress, normalized renal functional parameters, and restored renal histoarchitecture by reducing vacuolar degeneration of renal tubules in contrast to diabetic (STZ) control rats. These findings were attributed to SME's efficacy in DNP. Conclusion In STZ-sensitized diabetic rats, SME retarded the progress of nephropathy. The observed nephroprotective potential of SME is ascribed to its hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and antioxidant activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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BackgroundThe bulbs of Allium sativum are widely used as food or seasoning (garlic), while they have also been utilized as a famous traditional medicine since ancient eras for the treatment of scabies, tuberculosis, pertussis, diarrhea and dysentery, etc. However, very few studies focus on their abundant aerial parts, which are normally discarded during the harvest season.MethodsThe hyperlipidemic mice model has been used to study the lipid-lowering effect of the aerial parts in this article. 180 mice were randomly divided into 18 groups, including blank control (BC), model (Mod), positive control (PC), and low-, medium-, and high-dose groups of the crude extract, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and residual water extracts (corresponding to CE, PEE, EAE, NBE, WE), with 10 mice in each group. The preventive effects of the extracts on hyperlipidemic mice lasted for four weeks. Ultra performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS) and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) were used to analyze the chemical components of NBE and PEE respectively.ResultsThe results of the mice experiment showed that n-butanol extract (NBE) and petroleum ether extract (PEE) from the aerial parts could significantly reduce the contents of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) in serum of hyperlipidemic mice, and increase the contents of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). They could enhance the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in liver and reduce the level of malondialdehyde (MDA). At the same time, they could improve steatosis and inflammation of liver cells. The results of phytochemical components analysis showed that NBE was rich in organic acids, flavonoids and nitrogen-containing constituents, while PEE contained organic sulfur compounds, aliphatic acids and derivatives, alkaloids, phytosterols, etc.ConclusionThese results support that the aerial parts of A. sativum are an interesting source of bioactive ingredients that may be useful in the prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia.

Cassia auriculata is an important medicinal herb traditionally used for the treatment and management of diabetes. Scientific research has reported some bioactivities related to traditional roles that include antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic, which could inhibit onset of diabetes. Our aim was twofold: To review the presence of phytochemical compounds in plant extracts and to perform an in-papyro evaluation of their antidiabetic potential. A detailed literature survey was carried out for evaluating metabolic syndrome-related medicinal bioactivities and antidiabetic activity from specific compounds of C. auriculata. We uncovered a wide range of medicinal uses of C. auriculata in Ayurveda and Sri Lankan medicinal traditions and cultures. Many of the compounds in C. auriculata extracts have already been reported for their specific antidiabetic, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic activities, which exhibited positive effects on neuro, renal, and liver support. In conclusion, our findings suggested that the phytocomposition of C. auriculata could be attributed to the presence of antidiabetic activity through various mechanisms.

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, a traditional Chinese medicine, is widely applied to treat various diseases among people, especially in East Asia. However, the specific active compounds in S. baicalensis aqueous extracts (SBAEs) responsible for the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties as well as their potential mechanisms of action remain unclear. Objectives: This work aimed to explore the potential hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic compounds from SBAE and their potential mechanisms of action. Methodology: The in vitro inhibitory tests against lipase and α‐glucosidase, and the effects of SBAE on glucose consumption and total triglyceride content in HepG2 cells were first performed to evaluate the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. Then, affinity ultrafiltration liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) screening strategy with five drug targets, including α‐glucosidase, α‐amylase, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), lipase and 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) was developed to screen out the potential active constituents from SBAE, and some representative active compounds were further validated. Results: SBAE displayed noteworthy hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties, and 4, 10, 4, 8, and 8 potential bioactive components against α‐amylase, α‐glucosidase, PTP1B, HMGCR, and lipase were initially screened out, respectively. The interaction network was thus constructed between the potential bioactive compounds screened out and their corresponding drug targets. Among them, baicalein, wogonin, and wogonoside were revealed to possess remarkable hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. Conclusion: The potential hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic bioactive compounds in SBAE and their mode of action were initially explored through ligand–target interactions by combining affinity ultrafiltration LC–MS strategy with five drug targets. The potential hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic bioactive compounds in aqueous extract of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi root and their mode of action were firstly explored through ligand–target interactions by combining affinity ultrafiltration LC‐MS strategy with five drug targets, that is, α‐amylase, α‐glucosidase, PTP1B, HMGCR, and lipase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vaccinium dunalianum leaf buds make one of the most commonly used herbal teas of the Yi people in China, which is used to treat articular rheumatism, relax tendons, and stimulates blood circulation in the body. In addition, 6′-O-caffeoylarbutin (CA) is a standardized extract of V. dunalianum, which has been found in dried leaf buds, reaching levels of up to 31.76%. Because of the uncommon phenomenon, it is suggested that CA may have a potential therapeutic role in hyperlipidemia and thrombosis. This study was designed to study the efficacy of CA on treating hyperlipidemia and thrombosis and the possible mechanisms behind these effects. Hyperlipidemia and thrombosis zebrafish models were treated with CA to observe variations of the integrated optical density within the vessels and the intensity of erythrocyte staining within the hearts. The possible mechanisms were explored using network pharmacology and molecular docking. The results demonstrate that CA exhibits an excellent hypolipidemic effect on zebrafish at concentrations ranging from 3.0 to 30.0 μg/mL and shows thrombosis inhibitory activity in zebrafish at a concentration of 30.0 μg/mL, with an inhibition rate of 44%. Moreover, network pharmacological research shows that MMP9, RELA, MMP2, PRKCA, HSP90AA1, and APP are major targets of CA for therapy of hyperlipidemia and thrombosis, and may relate to pathways in cancer, chemical carcinogenesis-receptor activation, estrogen signaling pathway, and the AGE–RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pravastatin sodium (PVS) is a hypolipidemic drug with poor oral bioavailability due to the first-pass effect. Therefore, this study aims to formulate and evaluate transdermal patches containing PVS-loaded nanoemulsions (PVS-NEs) to increase PVS's hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective activities. PVS-NEs were prepared using the aqueous titration method, where oleic acid was chosen as an oil phase, and span 80 and tween 80 were used as surfactant and cosurfactant respectively. Droplet size (DS), polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), clarity, and thermodynamic stability of NEs were all characterized. Also, PVS-NEs (NE2) with 50% oil phase, 40% SC mix 2:1, and 10% water were selected as an optimum formula based on the results of DS (251 ± 16), PDI (0.4 ± 0.16), and ZP (-70 ± 10.4) to be incorporated into a transdermal patch, and PVS-NE2 loaded transdermal patches (PVS-NE2-TDPs) were prepared by solvent evaporation method. F1 patch with HPMC E15 and PVP K30 in a ratio of 3:1 represented satisfactory patch properties with good drug-excipients compatibility. Thus, it was selected as an optimum patch formula. The optimized F1 patch was characterized for thickness, moisture content, weight variation, and drug-excipients incompatibility. Therefore, it was subjected to ex vivo skin permeation and finally pharmacodynamic studies. Ex vivo permeation studies of F1 revealed that the cumulative amount of PVS permeated across rat skin was 271.66 ± 19 µg/cm2 in 72 h, and the pharmacodynamic studies demonstrated that the F1 patch was more effective in treating hyperlipidemia than PVS-TDP (control patch) based on both blood analysis and histopathological examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adulterating herbal medicine with undeclared synthetic drugs is a worldwide problem that seriously threatens human health. To detect such illicit and not labeled synthetic hypolipidemic substances in herbal medicines, an analytical method to simultaneously identify and quantify atorvastatin (ATV) calcium, simvastatin (SIM), gemfibrozil (GEM), fenofibrate (FEN) belonging to two different classes of drugs (statins and fibrates) was developed based on high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography. The method consisted of Silica Gel G60 F254 precoated aluminum plate as stationary phase and toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid (7:3:0.3, v/v/v) as optimized mobile phase. The densitometric evaluation wavelength was optimized at 254 nm. The Rf values of ATV, SIM, GEM, and FEN were 0.157, 0.268, 0.691, and 0.852, respectively. The linearity range is between 100–1500 ng/band for ATV and FEN and 200–3000 ng/band for SIM and GEM, respectively. The accuracy was found to be in the range of 97%–105%. The relative standard deviation of precision and robustness was found to be < 5%. However, the five screened market samples did not show the presence of adulteration of the above drugs. This method for the simultaneous determination of four drugs may be successfully employed to screen synthetic hypolipidemics as adulterants in herbal products and dietary supplements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study examines the metabolic consequences of saponin and flavonoid extracts of Gongronema latifolium leaves in rat offspring whose mothers consumed sucrose during breastfeeding. Methods: Thirty-two female albino Wistar rats were randomly assigned to control group, given water only: sucrose group, given sucrose solution only; flavonoid groups, given sucrose solution and 100 mg/kg b.w. and 200 mg/kg b.w. of flavonoid and saponin groups, given sucrose solution and 100 mg/kg b.w. and 200 mg/kg b.w. of saponin extracts, for 3 weeks during lactation. Then the body, hepatic and pancreatic weights, food intake, glucose tolerance, lipid profile, insulin, and leptin levels of their offspring were measured. Results: There was a significant decrease in the body weight (BW), food intake, and glucose level among the flavonoid and saponin groups compared to the control group. However, when compared to the sucrose group, there was a significant decrease in food intake, blood glucose level, triglyceride, and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and a significant increase in the BW. There was no significant difference in insulin and leptin levels, hepatic, and pancreatic weights among groups. Conclusion: This study shows that G. lactifolium consumption among lactating rats maintains metabolic homeostatic as it protects against elevated blood glucose level and dyslipidemia in offspring post-weaning. It also suggests that the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties of G. latifolium maybe as a result of saponin and flavonoids inherent in the plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cassia auriculata is an important medicinal herb traditionally used for the treatment and management of diabetes. Scientific research has reported some bioactivities related to traditional roles that include antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic, which could inhibit onset of diabetes. Our aim was twofold: To review the presence of phytochemical compounds in plant extracts and to perform an in-papyro evaluation of their antidiabetic potential. A detailed literature survey was carried out for evaluating metabolic syndrome-related medicinal bioactivities and antidiabetic activity from specific compounds of C. auriculata. We uncovered a wide range of medicinal uses of C. auriculata in Ayurveda and Sri Lankan medicinal traditions and cultures. Many of the compounds in C. auriculata extracts have already been reported for their specific antidiabetic, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic activities, which exhibited positive effects on neuro, renal, and liver support. In conclusion, our findings suggested that the phytocomposition of C. auriculata could be attributed to the presence of antidiabetic activity through various mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel hydrogen sulfide donor-based fibrate derivatives were synthesized and assessed for hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective effects in Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemic mice. After preliminary screening of the target compounds, T5 exhibited significant hypolipidemic effects, reducing triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC). The action of T5 in reducing TG and TC levels is dose-dependent. Through molecular docking and protein expression analysis, it was found that T5 may exert hypolipidemic effects by activating the PPAR-α receptor. Examination of liver tissue from hyperlipidemic mice supplemented with T5 demonstrated a marked decrease in hepatic lipid buildup. Furthermore, there was a significant amelioration in the levels of hepatic transaminases (AST and ALT) that were elevated as a result of hyperlipidemia. As designed, T5 exhibited H2S-releasing effects in a hyperlipidemia model. Additionally, T5 has the capability to ameliorate the lipid peroxidation process triggered by hyperlipidemia, leading to a reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. These findings further support the potential of T5 as a hypolipidemic agent with hepatoprotective properties.

In this study, pancrelipase inhibitory peptides (PES) from an enzymatic protein hydrolysate of Chlorella pyrenoidosa were isolated and purified by ultrafiltration and Sephadex gel chromatography. The in vivo hypolipidemic activity of PES was evaluated by fat deposition and the levels of triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) in Caenorhabditis elegans fed a high sugar diet. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to identify the peptide sequence of PES, and molecular docking was used to select potential pancreatic lipase inhibitory peptides, and the pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity of the synthesized peptides was verified. The results showed that PES had good hypolipidemic activity at a concentration of 1 mg/mL; it inhibited lipid deposition by 22.5%, and reduced the levels of TG and TC by 27.4% and 29.4%, respectively. In total, 999 peptides were identified, and four potential lipase inhibitory peptides were obtained. Among them, FLGPF had the best inhibitory effect on pancreatic lipase, with an inhibition rate of 50.12% at 8 mg/mL. The inhibition was reversible and non-competitive, with an inhibition constant of 5.23 mg/mL. Molecular docking showed that FLGPF could better bind to human pancreatic triacylglycerol lipase (PTL) via π-hydrogen, π-cation and hydrogen bond interactions. This study can provide a theoretical reference for the development and utilization of C. pyrenoidosa protein-derived hypolipidemic peptide.

ABSTRACTThe efficacy of concomitant administration of metformin and Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Chaya) teas in type 2 diabetic rat models was evaluated. Diabetic rats were treated for 28 days with metformin and infusions of green (GTC) and black (BTC) chaya teas. Total phenol and flavonoid contents, as the antioxidant capacities of tea infusions, were assessed. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profile and markers of hepatic and renal functions were assessed. GTC exhibited the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents, as the best antioxidant activities. Daily co-administration of GTC and BTC with metformin significantly (p

Dyslipidemia is due to an increase in blood lipid levels, which include cholesterol (CHOL), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Since oxidative stress is the primary factor of dyslipidemia, it is strongly recommended that an antioxidant-based therapy be developed. Mangosteen is an antioxidant agent that exhibits free radical scavenging attributes and oxidation of low-density lipoprotein oxidatio’s protection. This study focused on determining the anti-hyperlipidemic and antioxidant effects of mangosteen peel extract (MPE) in dyslipidemia rats. Lipid profile: CHOL, TG, LDL, High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL), and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of dyslipidemia rats were assessed. High cholesterol was delivered to the rats for 4 weeks to induce dyslipidemia. The high cholesterol administration was stopped after rats encountered dyslipidemia. Subsequently, rats were given MPE 1000; 500; 250 mg/kg body weight (BW) daily for 14 days (initial treatment) and 28 days (subsequent treatment), normal control (normal feed), and negative control (dyslipidemia rats). Hematoxylin Eosin staining was used to observe the histology of liver and vascular endothelial tissue. After 28 days of treatment, the CHOL, TG, and LDL were critically declined by 1000 mg/kg MPE. MDA plasma level showed a decrease in all treatments. Mangosteen peel extract improved histological structure by reducing lipid accumulation in the hepatocyte cytoplasm. In conclusion, MPE showed anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant activity in dyslipidemia-induced rats.

This study was undertaken in order to study the effect of olive oil rich in hydroxyl tyrosol (OHT) on blood glucose and lipids in hyperlipidemic mice. Mice with hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia induced by intragastric administration of lipid emulsion and 75% egg yolk in water were randomly divided into six groups: hyperlipidemia model, OHT at high, middle and low dosages (200, 100, and 50 mg/kg mb), olive oil (OL) and philbert (PL) as a positive control. Normal mice given normal saline was used as a control group. After continuous administration for 28 days, the effect of OHT on fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbAlc), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total bilirubin (TBIL), total bile acid (TBA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-ammonia acyltransferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in mice in each group were analyzed, and the acute and chronic toxicity of OHT was evaluated. The results showed that compared to the model group, OHT effectively decreased the levels of FBG, HbAlc, TC, TG, LDL, TBIL and TBA, increased the level of HDL, and inhibited the activities of ALT, AST, GGT and ALP. It significantly improved glucose and lipid metabolic disorders, and reduced body mass in a dose-dependent fashion. OHT had no acute or chronic toxicity to normal mice and could significantly increase the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the serum, reduce the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), improve the antioxidant capacity, and control the body mass of mice. In summary, OHT has hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering effects in hyperlipidemic mice, and is non-toxic. This study can provide a reference for the development of lipid-lowering products using olive oil.

The present study aimed to investigate the hypolipidemic, antioxidant and cardiac risk-suppressing effects of Chakhao poireiton (CP), a GI-tagged pigmented black rice from India. In vitro and ex vivo studies confirmed that whole rice extracts of CP have potent antioxidant, 3-hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, cholesterol esterase inhibitory, and antilipase effects. An in vivo study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the ethanol extracts of CP on high-fat high-sugar induced hyperlipidemic rats. The ethanol extract significantly ameliorated lipid parameters and liver enzymes to normal. Levels of lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase-N-acetyl cysteine, C-reactive protein, and lipoprotein a were significantly lower in the extract-treated groups than those in the disease control group. A marked reduction of ApoB/ApoA1 and other atherogenic indices were observed in extract-treated groups. Twelve phenolic compounds, i.e. rosamarinic acid, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid etc., were quantified in CP. This study provided the first evidence of the antihyperlipidemic and cardiac risk inhibitory effects of CP, which would be beneficial in preventing and managing hyperlipidemia, associated oxidative stress, and cardiac complications.

In order to improve the utilization value of N. oceanica, the effects of enzyme-bacteria synergy treatment on its nutritional and functional components as well as its biological activities were investigated. Papain was used to hydrolyze N. oceanica, and the enzymolysis process was optimized by single factor and response surface test. After fermented by lactic acid bacteria, the contents of total phenols, peptides and flavonoids as well as the antioxidant and hypolipidemic activities in vitro before and after fermentation were measured. Sensory evaluation was also performed. The results showed that the optimum enzymolysis process of N. oceanica was as follows: Enzyme amount 5.0%, pH8.0, enzymolysis time 4.0 h, enzymolysis temperature 76 ℃. Under this condition, the content of polypeptide significantly increased by nearly 1.3 times and the total phenolic content increased by 5.1%, while the total flavonoid content decreased by 32.5%. The antioxidant activity and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity of the fermented products were enhanced, among which the DPPH free radical scavenging rate in mixed bacteria fermented group increased by 1.2 times, and the pancreatic lipase scavenging rate in mixed bacteria fermented group increased by 59.4%. Moreover, the sensory score of the sample after fermentation was significantly improved. In conclusion, the synergistic fermentation of enzyme-bacteria can significantly improve the polypeptide content, antioxidant activity, hypolipidemia activity and sensory properties of N. oceanica, thus provides reference and technical support for the development of functional fermentation products.

The American ginseng oligosaccharides (AGOS) were prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis of American ginseng polysaccharides (AGP). The antioxidant activity, in vitro hypoglycemic capacity and in vitro hypolipidemic capacity of AGP and AGOS were investigated by measuring their scavenging abilities on ABTS+, DPPH, OH, and O2-. The Fe2+ chelating capacity, total reducing power, α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibiting ability, cholesterol binding capacity, sodium cholate binding capacity and lipase inhibition capacity were also measured. The results showed that the optimal conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis of American ginseng polysaccharides by cellulase were: Reaction temperature of 45 ℃, substrate concentration of 20 mg/mL, cellulase dosage of 100 U/mg, and enzymolysis time of 90 min. The average polymerization degree of AGP enzymatic hydrolysate under the condition was 2.74. American ginseng oligosaccharides showed better scavenging ability on ABTS+, DPPH and OH, and the scavenging rates were 74.63%, 79.98% and 99.94%, respectively, and had better inhibitory ability on α-glucosidase, α-amylase and lipase, the inhibition rates were 35.76%, 62.45% and 98.55%, respectively. The results would indicate that American ginseng oligosaccharide had stronger in vitro functional activity than American ginseng polysaccharide, and could be further developed and utilized as potential functional foods.

To study the effect of Annulohypoxylon stygium fermented tea aqueous extracts (ASTAE) on blood lipids and liver protection in mice, 80 male KM mice were established hyperlipidemic model by high-fat diet induction, and then randomly divided into eight groups: blank control group (CK), model group (HF), positive control group (UA, 200 mg/kg), green tea group (GT, 400 mg/kg), Annulohypoxylon stygium group (AS, 400 mg/kg), and high (HA, 400 mg/kg), medium (MA, 200 mg/kg) and low (LA, 100 mg/kg) dose Annulohypoxylon stygium fermented tea aqueous extracts groups. After 5 weeks, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and adiponectin (ADPN) levels were detected. Detect the organ index, and liver fat lesions and distribution were observed by HE and oil red O staining. The results showed that compared with the HF group, the HA group could extremely significantly reduce the levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, AST, ALT, BUN and Scr in hyperlipidemia mice (P

Abstract Cyclocarya paliurus has been widely applied for therapeutic feeding as a traditional Chinese medicine homologous food with high nutritional and medical value. Nevertheless, the specific bioactive compounds liable for hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties and underlying mechanisms remain unexplored. In the present study, the in vitro hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of C. paliurus were assessed by α‐glucosidase and pancreatic lipase inhibition assays, and the results indicated that 70% ethanol extract exhibited remarkable α‐glucosidase and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity with the IC50 value of 3.14 μg/mL and 0.98 μg/mL, respectively. A total of 18 and 15 potential ligand candidates were screened, and the chemical structures were characterized. Furthermore, the docking result showed that chlorogenic acid, quercetin, kaempferol 3‐O‐rhamnoside, and pterocaryoside A contributed to the underlying hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of C. paliurus, further strengthened the bindings of the enzyme‐ligand complex and suppressed the enzyme's activity with the binding energies ranged from −4.00 to −6.31 kcal/mol. The interrelations between the specific bioactive constituents, α‐glucosidase or lipase, and hypoglycemic or hypolipidemic activities were also carified. The present study reveals substantial prospects of C. paliurus to be developed as a natural dietotherapy, disease‐prevention, and healthcare for diabetes and obesity in the near future.

Hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective effectives of the newly synthesized guaiacol-based fibrate derivatives were evaluated in Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemic mice. All the target compounds were preliminary screened, in which compound T5 showed significant hypolipidemic effects, decreasing triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC), which was better than the positive drug clofibrate. Furthermore, compound T5 has a dose-dependent effect on the blood lipid lowering activity of hyperlipidemia mice, and hepatic transaminases (AST and ALT) induced by hyperlipidemia have a significant improvement effect. Histological examination of the liver of hyperlipidemic mice supplemented with T5 revealed a significant amelioration in hepatic lipid accumulation when compared with the effect of the positive drug clofibrate. The mechanism of lipid-lowering showed that T5 could significantly increase the expression of PPAR-α protein in the liver of hyperlipidemic mice. In addition, T5 can also improve the lipid peroxidation process induced by hyperlipidemia, reducing the level of malondialdehyde (MDA). These findings reinforced the effects of T5 as a hypolipidemic candidate compound with liver protective activity.

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present study aimed to investigate the hypolipidemic, antioxidant and cardiac risk-suppressing effects of Chakhao poireiton (CP), a GI-tagged pigmented black rice from India. In vitro and ex vivo studies confirmed that whole rice extracts of CP have potent antioxidant, 3-hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, cholesterol esterase inhibitory, and antilipase effects. An in vivo study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the ethanol extracts of CP on high-fat high-sugar induced hyperlipidemic rats. The ethanol extract significantly ameliorated lipid parameters and liver enzymes to normal. Levels of lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase-N-acetyl cysteine, C-reactive protein, and lipoprotein a were significantly lower in the extract-treated groups than those in the disease control group. A marked reduction of ApoB/ApoA1 and other atherogenic indices were observed in extract-treated groups. Twelve phenolic compounds, i.e. rosamarinic acid, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid etc., were quantified in CP. This study provided the first evidence of the antihyperlipidemic and cardiac risk inhibitory effects of CP, which would be beneficial in preventing and managing hyperlipidemia, associated oxidative stress, and cardiac complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Henan University of Technology Natural Science Edition is the property of Henan University of Technology Journal Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)