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Calophyllum brasiliense is a hydrophilous tree species widely distributed in Brazil. It often dominates tropical swamp forests and shows morphophysiological responses to flooding and sensitivity to water deficits. To investigate the edaphic influence on the xylem structure of this species, wood samples were obtained from adult C. brasiliense trees in two soil types, Podzol and Histosol, both covered by lowland Atlantic Forest, in a coastal plain in southern Brazil. The sandy texture of Podzol and its microrelief often lead to more mesic conditions compared to Histosol, which is an organic and hydromorphic soil. Permanent slides with histological sections and dissociated material were prepared for qualitative and quantitative anatomical analysis. Principal component analysis and mean comparison tests were performed to assess variations in anatomical traits between soil conditions. Vessel density and fiber length were higher in trees from Podzol compared to Histosol, while the width of the rays was greater in Histosol. Additionally, the cross-sectional area and mean lumen diameter of vasicentric tracheids were larger in populations from Histosol than in Podzol. Furthermore, Vulnerability and Mesomorphy indices showed higher values in Histosol compared to Podzol. While the response associated with vessel occurred in density (higher in Podzol), the response in tracheid is reflected in cell diameter (higher in the soil with more water: Histosol). This publication is likely the first to demonstrate intraspecific variation of vasicentric tracheids in a hydrophilous species. The anatomical structure and functional implications of the observed variations are discussed regarding the efficiency and safety of the conductive system, considering the ecology of the species and the characteristics of the sampled soils. [Display omitted] • The xylem structure of C. brasiliense is closely related to its hydrophilous status. • More numerous vessels and narrower vasicentric tracheids occur in mesic soil: Podzol. • Narrower fibers occur in the hydromorphic and more unstable soil: Histosol. • Vasicentric tracheids and vessels form a tridimensional water conduction network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 2002, ash dieback caused by the invasive fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus has been observed in Germany. The pathogen and its associated symptoms have fatal consequences for the vitality and survival of European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.), an economically and ecologically important tree species. This study analyses the ash monitoring results of eleven intensive monitoring plots of the FraxForFuture research network distributed across Germany and focuses on within-stand differences of symptoms in dependence of small-scale site and tree properties. A cohort of 1365 ash trees was surveyed six times over three years, testing and applying a summer and a winter version of a nationally standardised ash dieback assessment key. The main disease symptoms (crown dieback and basal lesions) were more pronounced in areas with higher ash density, in edaphically moist areas (hydromorphic soils), on younger/smaller ash trees, and generally increased over time. However, the trend over time differed between single plots. In case of considering only the surviving part of the ash populations, crown condition even improved in 6/11 plots, indicating a selection process. Large basal lesions at the beginning of the observation period were a very good predictor for deadfall probability, especially on trees with lower stem diameter. Generally, ash dieback related symptoms at stem and crown were highly correlated. Silvicultural management practice in the past that actively pushed ash towards the moister end of its water demand spectrum has to be questioned in the light of ash dieback. Cost-intensive ash re-cultivation in the future—possibly with less dieback-susceptible progenies—should avoid pure ash stands and hydromorphic soil conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chile’s Torres del Paine National Park (TPNP) is one of the most impressive landscapes in southern Patagonia, with unique natural elements on the edge of the southern ice field, where knowledge of soils and ecological relationships is nonexistent. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the chemical, physical, mineralogical, and micromorphological characteristics of Holocene soils along a local toposequence representing the main vegetation types of the TPNP. The morphological, chemical, physical, and mineralogical properties of 12 soil profiles were studied and classified according to Soil Taxonomy. Coevolution of vegetation and soil taxa is clearly evident since glaciation, with podsolization under austral Nothofagus pumilio forests leading to the development of spodosols, while paludization in local depressions with Nothofagus forests allowed the formation of histosols. Slopes covered with loess and tephra led to the formation of Andisols with shrub vegetation. Predominant parent materials include till from Late Quaternary advances of southern Andean ice, Pleistocene loess, and volcanic ash from surrounding Chilean volcanoes. The parent materials were strongly influenced by Late Quaternary climatic and landscape changes following the retreat of the Last Glacial Maximum in southern Patagonia, resulting in erosional and depositional conditions (windblown loess, fluvial glacial deposits, and moraines). Stable landforms show the influence of allochthonous volcanic ash shaping Andean features, combined with the accumulation of organic matter in hydromorphic soils. Three main groups of soils have been identified: loess-rich soils, organic-rich soils, and poorly developed soils. The latter show low fertility related to recent landforms on different substrates ranging from till, rocky slopes, talus, or glacial deposits. In high mountain regions under periglacial conditions, cryoturbation features indicate seasonal frost–thaw cycles without current permafrost. The diversity of soil orders in the mountains of southern Patagonia is comparable to similar environmental conditions and latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere. However, the andic properties due to volcanic ejecta inputs, as well as organic-rich soils at low altitudes of bottom valleys, are typical features of the soils at TNTP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the behaviour of iron and its relation to the physicochemical properties in the hydromorphic soils of the Tadla plain (Morocco). An extensive analysis using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) from a statistical perspective was employed to ensure a comprehensive examination. The results reveal that the organic matter (OM) shows very high values, likely due to the collected samples near the sewerage network. Magnetic susceptibility (MS) measurements indicate that all the samples have positive and low values, indicating an abundance of paramagnetic minerals (such as ilmenite, siderite, and clay minerals). The iron concentration [ppm] increases from the top to the bottom of the Rivers, suggesting migration in a reduced form. Pearson's correlation coefficients indicate that OM is positively correlated with cation exchange capacity (CEC) (r = 0.83) and electrical conductivity (EC) (r = 0.85) but negatively correlated with MS (r = –0.57) and iron oxide (r = 0.42). Calcium carbonate content (CaCO3) is positively correlated with sand (r = 0.49), but negatively with MS (r = –0.7). Iron (Fe) is positively correlated with frequency-dependent (FD) (r = 0.7), but negatively with sand (r = –0.608). Clay is strongly negatively correlated with silt (r = –0.88) and oxalate extractable iron oxides (Feo) (r = –0.55), respectively. These findings suggest that the physicochemical features of Beni Moussa hydromorphic soils are strongly linked and that iron in the soil is required for the stability of specific soil components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent research has revealed the patterns of spatial and temporal variability of crop yields for the Polissia and the Forest-Steppe regions of Ukraine. In addition, the approaches to differentiating agroeconomic and agroecological components in the variability of the productive potential of the territories were developed. Approaches have been developed to quantify the spatial and temporal variability of soil erosion for individual areas of the region. The issue of assessing the impact of erosion processes on crop yields at the regional level remains unresolved. The diversity of landscapes and soil cover in Polissia and the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine was assessed in this article. The research covered 10 administrative regions of the north and northwest of Ukraine, which are located mainly within mixed forests (Polissia) and the eastern European forest steppe (Forest-Steppe). Part of the territory is tangential to the Carpathian mountain forests and the Pontic steppe. Within the study area, 30 WRB soils were identified. The largest area is occupied by Phaeozems Albic (21.7% of the total area of the region). These soils are located mainly in the southern and central parts of the region. In the north of the region, Phaeo- zems Albic form an almost continuous cover, and to the north, the areas of these soils become island-like. Phaeozems Luvic cover 12.1% of the region's territory. The Phaeozems group also includes Phaeozems Gleyic (0.93%), Phaeozems Haplic (0.13%), and Phaeozems Sodic (1.78%). Albeluvisols Umbric (17.1%) occupy a significant part of the region's territory. These soils occupy the north of the region and extend south along the Dnipro River floodplain. Spatially close to these soils are Albeluvisols Gleyic (12.8%). In the western part of the region, in Prykarpattia, there are Albeluvisols Stagnic (0.82%). The organic carbon content in the soils of the administrative districts of the region in the 0-5 cm layer was 5.2±3.3% and ranged 0.5% to 23.9%. In the layers of 5-15 and 1530 cm, this figure decreased to 1.9 ± 1.1% and 1.9 ± 1.0%, respectively. In the 30-60 cm layer, the organic carbon content was 1.4 ± 0.8% and ranged 0.1% to 6.1%. The lowest organic carbon content was observed in the north central part of the region, and the highest content was observed in the north-east and north-west of the region. In the south of the region, there was found a strip of soils with moderate organic carbon content. The lowest content of organic carbon is characteristic of Albeluvisols and Podzols, which are located in the north of the region. In turn, the highest content of organic carbon is characteristic of organogenic Histosols, which, together with Albeluvisols and Podzols, form the basis of the soil cover structure of the territories in the northeast and northwest of the region. It should be noted that the agronomic role of these soils is insignificant, and their organic carbon content cannot be considered as a traditional indicator of fertility. Nevertheless, organic carbon is a reliable indicator of the anti-erosion properties of both natural and agricultural soils. The organic carbon content of Chernozems is quite high, which is a factor in the high fertility of these soils and their importance in agricultural production. The organic carbon content of Fluvisols and Gleysols is naturally high. The importance of these hydromorphic soils is due to their high productive potential, which ensures their use in agriculture. It is also worth noting their high seed protection potential. Phaeozems cover a large area of the region and contain a high level of organic carbon. These soils form the basis of agricultural production and forestry in the region. The silt content in the region's soils measured 45.6 ± 8.5%, ranging 19.1% to 57.6%. The north of the region is represented by soils with the lowest silt content (19-41%). In the center, in the west of the region, there is a zone with the highest silt content (53-58%). In other parts of the region, there are transitional levels of silt content in the soil. The clay content in the soils was 30.7 ± 13.8% and ranged 7.4% to 36.0%. The zone with the lowest clay content in soils has been formed in the north. The highest clay content in soils is typical for the southern part in the center of the region. The sand content in soils is highest in the northern part of the region, and the lowest in the southwestern and southern parts of the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wetlands are complex ecosystems featuring delicate ecological balances, with those located nearby urban areas undergoing the strongest pressure, as human intervention can be irreversible. The city of Coronel (Biobío region in Chile) is surrounded by wetlands covering 434,06 Ha of surface area, extending from the Calabozo sector to Boca Maule sector. Along these borders, official urban planning maps label those sectors as residential, likely growing towards covering more of these urban wetlands, despite their limits are not fully known. The goal of this work was to delineate and characterize these yet unidentified urban wetlands sectors. To do so, we applied methods recommended by the new Urban Wetlands Law (2020), using spatial data, GIS procedures, and fieldwork observations. The overlap between the mapped wetlands and the Urban planning map effectively revealed hitherto unrecorded wetland zones labelled as mixed residential uses. Thus, our results suggest that the current urban plan needs to be updated and adjusted to the guidelines of the new Urban Wetlands Law because that is the best way to ensure better environmental management and sustainable urban development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biological reserve of Sidi Boughaba has a unique plant biodiversity, with many animals, including birds, finding refuge there. Data on this biodiversity is old and incomplete. This phytosociological study was carried out to define the vegetation structure of the area. Stratified sampling was carried out and 124 relevés were recorded. Multivariate statistical analyses (correspondence factorial analysis and hierarchical ascending classification) used to process the relevés revealed the presence of 9 plant groups, including 4 plant associations and 5 subassociations, which belong to 3 phytosociological classes (Ammophiletea, Quercetea ilicis and Querco roboris-Fagetea sylvaticae). Quercetea ilicis is the most widespread in the area, showing several successional stages on grey and consolidated dunes. Vegetation of Ammophiletea can only be found on mobile sand. Vegetation of the class Querco roboris-Fagetea sylvaticae occupies an inter-dunar depression on hydromorphic soil. The association Pterido aquilinum-Populetum albae is newly described as five subassociations of Clematido cirrhosae-Juniperetum lyciae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The formation of soil depends on the properties of the parent material which invariably affect its nutrient status. The properties and micronutrients status of hydromorphic soils overlying Ewekoro formations in Obafemi-Owode Local Government Area, Ogun State, Nigeria were evaluated. A detailed soil survey was carried out using the rigid grid survey and three profile pits were dug based on the identified mapping units, georeferenced, sampled, and described following FAO guidelines. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA), means were separated by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT), and Pearson's Correlation Coefficients were used to determine relationships between soil properties. Based on the findings, the soil colour was dominated by greyish brown (10YR4/2) with sub-angular blocky structure. Bulk density was < 1.65 g cm−3, soil pH was strongly to slightly acid (4.5–6.1), low to high organic carbon (6.1–21.9 g kg−1), low to high total nitrogen (0.3–6.3 g kg−1), low to moderately available phosphorus (0.34–13.40 mg kg−1), low cation exchange capacity (1.74–4.18 cmol kg−1), and high base saturation (62.9–77.7%). Both iron (20.49-270.29 mg kg−1) and manganese (0.53–53.09 mg kg−1) occurred at toxic levels, while copper (0.63–3.50 mg kg−1) and zinc (0.51–10.36 mg kg−1) were at moderate levels. There were significant positive correlations among the soil properties. In conclusion, the soils had low to moderate fertility and can release nutrients to plants due to high base saturation. Incorporation of organic and farmyard manures into the soils during tillage to enhance soils physical status, increase organic matter levels, and reduce metal toxicity is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the interface between agricultural fields and water bodies there are wetlands constituted by hydromorphic soils. Our hypothesis is that hydromorphic soil acts a P sink and the P buffer capacity increases over time. To test our hypothesis, we apply tools to evaluate the P environmental risk via i) maximum phosphorus adsorption capacity (PMAC); ii) environmental soil phosphorus thresholds (P-threshold); iii) soil phosphorus storage capacity (SPSC) in hydromorphic soil (Histosol) and a non-hydromorphic soil (Cambisol) under application of mineral P. The PMAC was estimated by the Langmuir model in soil samples collected at four depths (0–10, 10–20, 20–40 and 40–60 cm). Soil samples were incubated for 30, 60 and 120 days with mineral P equivalent to 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the PMAC. The P-threshold was determined from the degree of phosphorus saturation (DPS), estimated using PMAC and Fe + Al extracted with Mehlich-1. The SPSC was obtained from the 0–60 cm depth using the DPS%M1(CMAP). The PMAC values ranged from 2321 to 3539 mg kg−1 with higher values in the Histosol compared to the Cambisol. The Histosol presented a P-threshold of 19% DPS (609 mg kg−1), while in the Cambisol it was 24% DPS (582 mg kg−1 of P Mehlich-1). According to the SPSC tool, the soil acted as a source of P when P Mehlich-1 exceeded 887 mg kg−1 in Histosol, while in Cambisol it was 773 mg kg−1. Overall, the P buffering capacity was higher in the Histosol, indicating the importance of preserving wetlands for water quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the distribution, morphology, and properties of these soils, focusing on areas such as littoral plains, high hilly areas, and rift depression valleys. Black soils occur in the eastern Mediterranean with a limited distribution, and some of them meet the requirements for black soils according to the INBS (International Network of Black Soils), while others do not. Black soils can be categorized into three types based on their genesis and evolution: calcareous black soils (mainly raw rocky rendzina), hydromorphic black soils, and black soil on basalt. While black soils were found in various bioclimatic stages and parent materials, their presence was notably limited in certain areas, contrary to prior indications. A soil morphology analysis revealed distinct color variations and depths, influenced by the accumulation of organic matter for hydromorphic and calcareous black soils and basaltic parent material for black soils on basalt. A particle size analysis indicated texture variations from clay to loam, with no clear indication of illuviation. A chemical analysis showed alkaline pH levels, except in basalt-derived soils, which exhibited a slight acidity. Hydromorphic black soil is the most important in terms of expansion and agricultural use and is only found in limestone marl deposits and lakes in depressions emerging from Dead Sea rifts under conditions of saturation or poor drainage. These soils have a thick, dark moly horizon and a high organic matter content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water is one of the key ecological factors that has a great impact to development and productivity of lowland species such as Quercus robur. This paper deals with water regime influence to site conditions of these species and how actually changeable soil moisture affects Q. robur. Studied area includes a protective embankment built on the river bank in order to eliminate flooding effect, which means that all needs for water these associations provide from rainfalls and groundwater. Water regime was monitored during two critical years (extremely dry and extremely wet) on four soil types – Planosol, Fluvisol and Gleysol that belong to hydromorphic (three experimental plots) and Chernozem which belongs to automorphic soils (three experimental plots), respectively. It was studied the distribution of rainfalls and groundwater during the growing seasons and how it affects total and available water amount in the soil. The main focus should be given to available water, because it is located in capillary pores and plants can utilize it. Bearing in mind rainfalls makes just 15–20% of the total water amount in the soil it is much more significant to evaluate its proportion in available water. Based on obtained results, we can deduce that much more suitable site conditions for Q. robur are present on hydromorphic soils due to much greater proportion of groundwater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Guadalquivir Basin is the foreland basin of the Betic Cordillera (S Spain). Closest to the orogen, several thrust-top basins evolved during the Late Miocene in the central part of the cordillera. Here, we study the Upper Miocene deposits in five of these satellite basins: Montefrlo, Iznajar-Cuevas de San Marcos, Antequera, Bobadilla Estacion and Teba, in order to (1) update the stratigraphic framework, (2) infer a depositional model, (3) establish the relationship between sedimentary record and tectonic context and (4) reconstruct the palaeogeography of the area during the Late Miocene. Upper Miocene sediments mostly consist of mixed carbonate-terrigenous deposits. Facies characterization allows inferring a sedimentary model corresponding to a ramp with foreshore deposits changing to a shoal belt offshore in the inner ramp. Swaley and hummocky crossstratified deposits formed in the transition to the middle ramp, and plane parallel carbonate beds in the distal middle-outer ramp. Factory facies, dominated by rhodoliths and bryozoans, also occur in the middle-outer ramp environments. Silts and marls formed in the deepest outer ramp and basin settings respectively. Breccias accumulated at the toe of palaeocliffs and conglomerates and massive coarse sands were deposited in fluvio-deltaic systems. Conglomerates and sands were also reworked as gravity flows and redeposited offshore. Local facies include rudstones-grainstones displaying large-scale trough-cross bedding formed in a strait in Montefrlo, and marls with chalky carbonates deposited in a shallow marine, sheltered lagoon with hydromorphic soils in Bobadilla Estacion. The study basins evolved in an N-S compressive tectonic context responsible of the emersion of the main Betic reliefs. Concomitantly, E-W and ESE-WNW extension originated the main depocentres. The influence of the tectonic activity on the sedimentary infills is indicated by the presence of synsedimentary deformations and several diachronic unconformities, which are younger westward. Tectonism, in turn, also controlled the palaeogeographic evolution during the late Tortonianearly Messinian interval. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current context of the global climate changes, in the Romanian Carpathians strong pressures exercises on mountain ecosystems due to the massive and uncontrolled deforestation, expansion of the urban areas and land restitution (followed mostly by the land use changing). In these circumstances, the soils mountain sensitivity increased. The paper investigates the biota functionality in providing ecosystem services in a highly sensitive soil environment (with highly acidity and hydromorphic threats) located in Pădurea Craiului Mountains. The studied area is an island of acid rocks located in a massive of limestones. The absolute altitude is 600 - 800 m and the land use is secondary grassland. The analytical results of the studied soil profile showed a very low (5.14 - 5.76) pH, as a result the vegetation is acidophilic. The organic matter content is low, as well as the N, P, K values. The micromorphological investigation showed textural, depleted, and redoximorphic pedofeatures generated by the strongly influence of the coastal spring water. In such a highly sensitive mountain soil, the biota (less studied in hydromorphic soils) is adapted to the hard-environmental conditions, its functionality being limited and specialized. Consequently, melioration is required to improve the environment and further biota functionality to provide higher-value ecosystem services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Only two places in the world are home to the 2,500 hectares of fragmented forests of the tertiary relict oriental (Anatolian) sweetgum tree species (Liquidambar orientalis Miller, 1768): southwestern Türkiye and Rhodes Island (Greece). It is on the brink of extinction due to ongoing anthropogenic pressures. The goal of this study, which used the analytical hierarchy process as the approach, was to identify alternate in situ conservation places where the oriental sweetgum tree may persist owing to suitable living circumstances. The study area was chosen to be on southwestern Türkiye in light of historical records and current data from field studies and forest stands to analyze the potential plantation areas. Soil and climate factors with 0.3597 (36%) weight ratios were the best criteria to determine potential plantation areas. The two most important parameters in identifying the potential plantation area for the Anatolian sweetgum tree were alluvial, alluvial coast, and hydromorphic soils with a weight of 70.3% and average winter temperature of 6–10 °C with a weight of 66.87%. The area under the curve value was determined to be 0.750. According to the results, the most suitable areas for plantations were generally observed as riverine habitats where the species spread naturally during its history. The results are useful for forestry managers in developing successful plantation practices will alleviate the fragmentation and contribute to the species avoiding the genetic bottleneck, considering almost half of the entire study area has potential to develop medium- (488,448 ha, 41.2%) and high (95,400 ha, 8.1%)-level oriental sweetgum tree plantations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The factors of formation and patterns of spatial differentiation of soils within the floodplain landscapes of the River Selenga and its tributaries (on the territory of Mongolia and Russian Federation) depending on zonal–belt location are revealed. This factor has been established to significantly affect the genesis, structure, morphology, and properties of soils within river floodplains. Soil diversity is due to different types of synlithogenic trunk of the alluvial section and the trunk of primary soil formation of the department of underdeveloped soils. Soils of halomorphic section of the postlithogenic trunk are of a landscape significance in steppe and dry-steppe zones. Alluvial dark-humus soils are close to optimal in properties and regimes Alluvial humus–gley soils develop under excessive flood–ground moisture, the influence of the permafrost–thermal factor, and the low activity of soil microbiota. It is proposed to include the type of alluvial light-humus soils, which are quite widespread in the floodplain landscapes of the region, in the soil classification. These soils develop under conditions of sufficient heat supply, but severe moisture deficit and intensive mineralization of organic matter, and are characterized by low humus content. A comprehensive agrochemical assessment of the level of fertility of alluvial soils and hydromorphic solonchaks and the biological productivity of natural meadow communities is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soils of high mountains significantly differ in the soil organic matter (SOM) content, but the factors of such diversity are still not completely known. We have studied physicochemical and microbiological soil properties and have estimated parameters of standard material decomposition based on the Tea bag index (TBI)—stabilization factor (STBI) and decomposition constant (kTBI)—in 16 subalpine, alpine, and subnival plant communities of the Teberda National Park (northwestern Caucasus) We tested the following hypotheses: (1) SOM is one of predictors of STBI and kTBI in the high-mountain zone along with other physicochemical soil properties; (2) the SOM content is greater at high STBI and low kTBI; (3) the SOM content correlates with belowground plant productivity. The main gradients of the studied soils include moisture content (automorphic vs. hydromorphic soils) and the concurrent SOM accumulation, as well as the altitudinal gradient (a decrease of soil basal respiration with altitude). The enrichment in nitrogen (e.g. the SOM quality) of the labile fraction is the best predictor of the decomposition rate. The parameter STBI decreases with the increase in the total carbon content and loss on ignition, while the correlation between kTBI and SOM is positive only in automorphic soils. Thus, the soils rich in organic matter are characterized by low stabilization factor and relatively high decomposition rate. The SOM content in plant communities with herbaceous dominants is in positive correlation with the production of fine roots, which reflects the important role of productivity in organic matter accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data on saline soils of endorheic lacustrine depressions in the areas of ultracontinental climate with 25–30-year-long cycles of lakes level fluctuations are obtained for the first time. Fluctuations correspond to alternating arid and humid climatic phases. Different soils are formed in landscapes adjacent to strongly mineralized chloride lakes of the southeastern Transbaikalia: gley solonchaks (Gleyic Solonchaks (Loamic, Chloride)) in superaqual–subaqual positions; humus-gley saline soils (Calcaric Mollic Gleysols (Arenic, Endosalic, Sodic)) in superaqual positions; and light-humus saline soils (Fluvic Kastanozems (Epiarenic, Amphiloamic, Sodic)) in eluvial-superaqual geochemical positions. Salinity rate of the studied soils varies. The cations are dominated by sodium, and among anions chlorides are most common in solonchaks and in humus-gley topsoils. Soda-chloride and chloride-soda anion composition prevails in other soils. Gley solonchaks are characterized by strongly alkaline pH, high content of carbonates, and predominance of Na+ among exchangeable cations. Many chemical elements are concentrated in the solonchakous horizon (Sr, S, Li, Mg, and Ca), and a high content of As is a regional feature. The humus-gley saline soil is similar to the light-humus saline soil by physicochemical parameters and to solonchaks by the element composition and texture. Both features are related to periodical functioning of this soil in semihydromorphic or hydromorphic regimes during arid and humid phases, respectively. The high groundwater level contributes to the enrichment of soils with the elements typomorphic for lake water. The paleohydromorphic formation stage has been recorded in lower layers of light-humus saline soil as a high content of easily soluble salts and carbonates. The geochemical specificity of soil-forming rocks is the significant As accumulation and Li, Ba, and Pb elevated concentrations. It has also been revealed that the low Ca/Sr ratio is inherent to their geochemical composition. The cluster analysis of parameters of the studied soils shows that both dynamic and stable soil parameters are reflected in humus-gley soil, therefore, it is recommended for monitoring the dynamics of endorheic lacustrine ecosystems in Central Asia with cyclic climatic phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aerobic methanotrophic bacteria of the genus Methylomonas inhabit a wide spectrum of habitats, including freshwater bodies, river sediments, wetlands, rice paddies, landfill cover soils, and hydromorphic soils. Majority of the currently described species of this genus are represented by neutrophilic, motile, growing on methane rod-shaped bacteria, whose pigmentation varies from yellow to pink and red. This study reports characterization of a novel, nonpigmented isolate of these bacteria, strain MW1T, which was obtained from sediments of the mountain river Khosta, Krasnodar krai, Russia. Strain MW1T grew on methane and methanol within a temperature range of 8–37°C (optimum at 25–30°C) and at рH 5.5–7.5 (optimum at 6.3–7.0). The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MW1T displayed 95.48–98.47% similarity to those in earlier described Methylomonas species. The closest taxonomically characterized phylogenetic relative of strain MW1T was M. fluvii EbBT, isolated from the river Elbe sediments. Complete genome sequence of strain MW1T was 4.6 Mb in size and contained three rRNA operons and about 4200 protein-encoding genes, including the gene cluster pmoCAB coding for particulate methane monooxygenase. Soluble methane monooxygenase was not encoded in the genome. The G+C DNA content was 52.4%. The average nucleotide identity of the genome of strain MW1T and the genomes of earlier described representatives of the genus Methylomonas was 79.4–82.1%. We propose to classify this isolate as representing a novel species of the genus Methylomonas, M. montana sp. nov. Strain MW1T (=VKM 3737T = UQM 41536T) is the type strain of the newly proposed species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PAHs are one of the most toxic organic compounds classes which is obligatory controlled all over the world. There is a luck of studies devoted to the PAHs levels and sources identification in the south of Russia. The features of the PAHs accumulation and spatial distribution in hydromorphic soils (Fluvisol) were studied on the example of the soils of the Don River delta floodplain landscapes. It has been shown that changes in the PAHs content in soils depended on the type and intensity of the emission source. A factor analysis and multivariate linear regression analysis were carried out to determine the features of the spatial distribution for individual PAH compounds, considering the properties of soils and typical differences in the emission source. The most polluted areas in the studied area located along the transit line of the long-distance tankers, where the content of the most toxic high molecular PAHs compounds reached 8862 ng g−1. As a result of regression analysis, a relationship was established between the PAHs accumulation rate with the content of silt (particles less than 0.001 mm in size) and Ca2+ and Mg2+ exchangeable cations in the soil (at p-level < 0.0001). Differences in individual PAH content for medium and heavy loamy Fluvisol and depend on the influence of different types of pollution sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Tropical climate conditions favor landscape evolution and the formation of highly weathered soils under different pedogenic processes due to certain differential properties. Traditional analysis coupled with VNIR-SWIR reflectance spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) analyses can reveal such characteristics. Several researchers cited throughout this study already discussed the possible applications of analyses in this field. All agree that integrated knowledge (holistic) can drive the future of the soil sciences. However, few refer to the potential of soil spectroscopy in deriving pedogenetic information. Thus, this paper aimed to assess pedomorphogeological relationships in a representative toposequence of the Brazilian Midwest using traditional analyses and geotechnologies. We performed landscape observations and soil sampling in the field. The laboratory’s physical, chemical, spectral, and mineralogical determinations supported the soil classification according to the World Reference Basis (WRB/FAO) system. Based on the analysis results, we divided five profiles into two soil groups (highly and slightly weathered soils) using Pearson’s correlation and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA). Traditional analyses determined the diagnostic attributes. Spectroscopic readings from 0.35 to 2.5 µm wavelengths and XRD supported identifying soil attributes and properties. Finally, all soil classes were correlated according to correspondent reflectance spectra and primary pedological attributes. There was a strong correlation between spectral oxide features and X-ray diffraction peaks. The HCA based on oxide content and mineral composition validated the previous soil grouping. Thus, we could assess the pedomorphogeological relationships through VNIR-SWIR spectroscopy, XRD, and traditional analyses concerning pedogenic processes through their correlation with soil properties resulting from these processes. However, periodic measurements are required, making orbital sensing a continuous data source for soil monitoring.

The surface of the Kulunda Plain is dissected by a system of ancient wide valleys, former runoff hollows with a very small slope (less than 1°). Rivers flow through these weakly expressed valleys, redistributing soluble salts throughout the territory. The regime of these rivers is characterized by a high flood wave and low (up to complete drying) runoff in the summer. The purpose of this work is to study the ion-salt system of soils of ancient runoff hollows of the Kulunda Plain, their groundwater and river water flows in order to identify modern soil salinization processes. During floods, river water recharges nearby groundwater influencing its chemical composition. Studies of three key sites in the valleys of the Bagan (Novosibirsk oblast), Burla, and Kulunda (Altai region) rivers were conducted in 2021–2022. Groundwaters of various degrees of salinity (from 3.4 to 63.0 g/L) occur close to the surface (2–5 m), which determines the wide distribution of saline hydromorphic soils in the study area. Differences in the salt status of soils, groundwater, and river water in different valleys are considered. The degree of soil salinity depends on the soil texture. The high content of physical clay (<0.01 mm) particles contributes to the rise of salts with groundwater and their accumulation in the soil profile. A high content of exchangeable sodium in the soil adsorption complex (more than 3–5 cmol(c)/kg), the predominance of soluble sodium salts in the soil solution with its low mineralization, as well as the alkaline reaction of the soil medium are indicative of the development of solonetzic features in the studied soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tropical climate conditions favor landscape evolution and the formation of highly weathered soils under different pedogenic processes due to certain differential properties. Traditional analysis coupled with VNIR-SWIR reflectance spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) analyses can reveal such characteristics. Several researchers cited throughout this study already discussed the possible applications of analyses in this field. All agree that integrated knowledge (holistic) can drive the future of the soil sciences. However, few refer to the potential of soil spectroscopy in deriving pedogenetic information. Thus, this paper aimed to assess pedomorphogeological relationships in a representative toposequence of the Brazilian Midwest using traditional analyses and geotechnologies. We performed landscape observations and soil sampling in the field. The laboratory's physical, chemical, spectral, and mineralogical determinations supported the soil classification according to the World Reference Basis (WRB/FAO) system. Based on the analysis results, we divided five profiles into two soil groups (highly and slightly weathered soils) using Pearson's correlation and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA). Traditional analyses determined the diagnostic attributes. Spectroscopic readings from 0.35 to 2.5 µm wavelengths and XRD supported identifying soil attributes and properties. Finally, all soil classes were correlated according to correspondent reflectance spectra and primary pedological attributes. There was a strong correlation between spectral oxide features and X-ray diffraction peaks. The HCA based on oxide content and mineral composition validated the previous soil grouping. Thus, we could assess the pedomorphogeological relationships through VNIR-SWIR spectroscopy, XRD, and traditional analyses concerning pedogenic processes through their correlation with soil properties resulting from these processes. However, periodic measurements are required, making orbital sensing a continuous data source for soil monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pressure for food production has expanded agriculture frontiers worldwide, posing a threat to water resources. For instance, placing crop systems over hydromorphic soils (HS), have a direct impact on groundwater and influence the recharge of riverine ecosystems. Environmental regulations improved over the past decades, but it is difficult to detect and protect these soils. To overcome this issue, we applied a temporal remote sensing strategy to generate a synthetic soil image (SYSI) associated with random forest (RF) to map HS in an 735,953.8 km2 area in Brazil. HS presented different spectral patterns from other soils, allowing the detection by satellite sensors. Slope and SYSI contributed the most for the prediction model using RF with cross validation (accuracy of 0.92). The assessments showed that 14.5% of the study area represented HS, mostly located inside agricultural areas. Soybean and pasture areas had up to 14.9% while sugar cane had just 3%. Here we present an advanced remote sensing technique that may improve the identification of HS under agriculture and assist public policies for their conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study established the classification position of the soils of the Dnipro River valley (within the Dnipro-Orilsky Nature Reserve) according to the international WRB classification. The pits were laid along three transects that passed through the most significant relief gradients within the study area. The study of the morphological structure of 20 soil profiles showed that the soil cover is closely related to the geo-morphological structure of the river valley. The morphological characteristics of typical profiles of these soils reflect their structure, properties and genesis and determine the classification position of the soils according to the WRB. Multidimensional scaling allowed us to perform soil ordination in the space of two dimensions. Dimension 1 differentiates soils by the gradient of relief height and/or moisture level. Dimension 2 differentiated hydromorphic soils. The properties of Quaternary sediments were found to determine the position of soils at both levels of classification (reference groups, main and additional classifiers). The distribution of each of the reference groups is clearly related to the geomorphology of the valley. Arenosols and Cambisols form the soil cover of the floodplain terrace, while Fluvisols and Gleysols are found mainly in the floodplain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The large-scale studies of the Lower Don and the Taganrog Bay coastal zone were carried out to determine the background concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils. The content of 15 priority PAHs was determined by saponification method with HPLC detection and varied widely from 77 µg kg−1 to 16,017 µg kg−1 with mean and median values of 1040 µg kg−1 and 406 µg kg−1, respectively. PAHs' highest concentration level was observed in the soils of the Don River delta and industrial areas of Taganrog city affected by pyrogenic contamination sources. Background monitoring sites were mostly represented with hydromorphic (Fluvisols Salic and Tidalic Fluvisols) and automorphic (Rendzic Leptosols, Mollic Leptosols) soil types in the study area. The PAHs content in the soils of the background plots did not exceed 600 µg kg−1, with a share of low-molecular-weight PAHs: about 50%. Benzo(a)pyrene content did not exceed the maximum permissible concentration (20 µg kg−1), and low-molecular-weight compounds did not exceed the threshold level for the impact of polyarenes. In automorphic soils, naphthalene and phenanthrene (35–54%) dominated in the composition of the low-molecular-weight PAHs compounds, and only phenanthrene (59–70%) dominated in hydromorphic soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of regrowth of Hallea stipulosa cuttings on different substrates by vegetative means, a hydrophytic species of the Mombonga and Labo rivers in Gemena (South Ubangi) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). To collect the data a randomized experimental design consisting of four treatments was used, namely: T0 (hydromorphic soil); T1 (dry land soil + potting soil), T2 (hydromorphic soil + potting soil), T3 (dry land soil + dirt) and T4 (sawdust + hydromorphic soil). The study showed that the regrowth rate was 100% six weeks after the experiment while the survival rate was constant for all treatments applied. T3 (dry land soil + dirt) had a survival rate of 100% followed by T4 (sawdust + hydromorphic soil) with 88.9%. The substrates T0, T1 and T2 yielded 77.8%. The survival rate of the seedlings from the 2nd to the 5th week after taking over the cuttings showed a statistically significant difference between the treatments applied (p<0.05). With a survival rate of 88.9%, the average of T4 (sawdust + hydromorphic soil) straddles the gap between these two groups and does not show a significant difference with all treatments. The T3 and T4 substrates (sawdust + hydromorphic soil) thus shorten the duration of cuttings for this plant species. Thus, the domestication of this multifunctional plant can reduce human pressure on natural forests while improving the lives of local communities by creating a productive ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil water regime, as one of the key components of soil fertility, refers to the quantity, retention, and movement of soil water. Rather than through expensive and/or time-consuming measurements, it can be assessed from the field-observable morphological properties in the soil profile. Excessively wetted soils have a specific morphology, and are therefore often referred to as hydromorphic. Their morphology is caused by various soil redoximorphic features (RMFs), resulting from the reduction, translocation, and oxidation of iron and manganese oxides. Hydromorphic soils largely comprise Gleysols and Stagnosols (along with Gleyic Fluvisols) that are excessively wetted by groundwater, precipitation and/or flooded water. Their morphology is often described/analyzed with different terms/criteria in line with their global distribution. This complicates the comparison and classification of such soils and thus their use or reclamation. This review paper describes and compares common RMFs and explains their formation. It then proposes the revised Croatian terms for these features, which are in line with the terms used in the international soil classification systems of WRB and/or Soil Taxonomy. Furthermore, the criteria/rules used for diagnosing RMFs when classifying hydromorphic soils are critically reviewed. Finally, it is shown that a methodologically sound RMFs description can provide a quick insight into the crucial soil water regime parameters, such as location and duration of soil saturation, the origin of the excess soil water, recentness of excessive soil wetting, etc. However, depending on the research objectives and/or actual soil conditions, field soil description cannot always fully replace continuous field monitoring of the soil water regime and/or laboratory and micromorphological soil analyses.

The influence of the moisture content on the CO2 emission from peat soils of palsa mires in the discontinuous permafrost area was studied in the north of Western Siberia (Nadym region). The СО2 flux was measured in Histic Cryosols of permafrost peatlands (palsas) and Fibric Histosols of surrounding bog using the closed chamber method for four years at the peak of the growing season (August). Despite a significant difference in the soil moisture (34.8 ± 13.2 and 56.2 ± 2.1% on average), no significant difference in the CO2 emission from these ecosystems was found in any of the observation years; the rates of emission averaged 199.1 ± 90.1 and 182.1 ± 85.1 mg CO2 m–2 × h–1, respectively. Experimental wetting or drying (with a twofold difference in the moisture content) of peat soils at the two sites via their transplantation to a different position showed no significant effect on the CO2 emission even three years after the beginning of the experiment. The absence of significant differences in the CO2 flux between the two different ecosystems was explained by the presence of permafrost and the influence of many multidirectional factors mitigating changes in the CO2 production by soils. An increased CO2 emission from the peat soils of bogs was possible due to the additional contribution of the methanotrophic barrier and the lateral runoff of dissolved CO2 over the permafrost table from the palsa toward the surrounding bog. The absence of response of the CO2 emission to a significant change in the soil moisture content may be indicative of a wide optimum of this characteristic for the microbiological activity of peat soils in the studied region. The obtained data suggest that, while studying CO2 fluxes in cryogenic soils of hydromorphic landscapes, it is necessary to take into account not only biogenic sources, but also other factors, often of a physical nature, affecting the balance of CO2 fluxes and CO2 emission from soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forest soil moisture limits (hydrolimits) suggest variation in soil water availability for tree species. In this study, we focused on estimations of soil hydrolimits using multiple regression with grain size, Corg, pH/H2 O and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in the overlays between forest site georelief and bedrock in the Czech Republic. The multiple regression parameters were optimized in a system of 615 pits from case studies in 32 natural forest areas during 2002–2020. Light anhydromorphic soils were characterized by a decrease in hydrolimits with a profile depth, while hydrolimit values were higher at greater depths in hydromorphic soils. The dependences of hydrolimits on the granularity and forest soil physico-chemical properties were closer in the subsurface horizons than in the top ones. Higher correlations suggested that the hydrolimit increase appears to be more easily achievable in subsurface soil horizons by stimulating variable contents of Corg and CEC. On the other hand, the dependence of hydrolimits on variable soil properties suggested sensitivity to environmental changes affecting ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flooding occurs when water is in excess and can no longer be evacuated normally. The nature of the soil has been identified as one of the major causes of flooding; hence, this study aimed is to show the influence of the physico-chemical properties of the soil on the recurrence of flooding in the Mbo plain. Four soil profiles were carried out on the alluviums according to the altitudes. These profiles were described, and undisturbed soil samples were taken. Then, measurements of the infiltration rate of water in the soil by the Porchet method were taken in sixteen sites. Finally, soil samples taken by auger and core sampling were studied in the laboratory. Physico-chemical parameters such as grain size, porosity, moisture, pH, compactness and organic matter were determined. Infiltration tests carried out in situ using the Porchet method revealed a hydraulic conductivity between 10–5 and 10–7 m/s, characteristic of a semi-permeable soil. This low value of permeability results from the morpho-structural arrangement and the chemical composition of the soils of the plain. These soils are hydromorphic, which means that they are constantly flooded and temporarily waterlogged. They are more or less sandy-clay on the surface, and very clayey at depth, generally from 25 cm. The very clayey soils at the base considerably slow down infiltration and act as a real barrier layer that prevents water from infiltrating, resulting to intense runoff. These soils are very porous and compact with a fairly high water content of up to 71%. This work allows us to conclude on the role of intrinsic soil properties on the genesis of floods in lowland areas. As in many plains in Africa and in the world, the nature of the soil in the Mbo plain is a natural predisposing factor to flood risks. The methods used can be applied in areas with the same characteristics as the Mbo plain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Terrestrial gamma radiation dose (TGRD) rates were measured in situ from different locations in Katsina State, Nigeria, using a portable radiation survey metre based on geological formations and soil types. The measured TGRD rates ranged from 45 to 271 nGyh–1 with an average value of 116 ± 1 nGyh–1. Geological formation (silicified sheared rock) and soil type (lithosols and ferruginous crusts and ferruginous tropical soils) appeared to have the highest mean TGRD values of 163 and 134 nGyh–1 with sandstone geological formation and alluvial and hydromorphic soils having the lowest TGRD with values of 80 and 61 nGyh–1, respectively. One way ANOVA results shows that the tested null hypothesis was rejected. Thus, indicating that there exists a strong relationship between the various geological formations, soil types with the measured TGRD values based on the alternate hypothesis. Human health hazard indices like annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE), lifetime outdoor annual equivalent dose, and relative excess lifetime outdoor cancer risk associated with the mean TGRD of the study area were also calculated and found to be 0.711, 9.955 mSv, and 5.79 × 10–4, respectively. These values were higher than the world average values but favourable compared with the safety limits recommended by ICRP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article highlights the role of anthropogenic factors in the modern and stage-by-stage development of soils, using the meadow-marsh soils of Central Fergana as an example. Information on the anthropogenic evolution of desert subtropical soils under long-term irrigation is provided. Data on the component composition of readily soluble salts in soils are discussed. It has been revealed that marsh-meadow soils under the influence of long-term irrigation gradually evolve into the irrigated meadow-saz soils of deserts. It is necessary to organize and conduct monitoring, the results of which could be implemented for the selection of agricultural crops, the development of methods of their sowing and planting, and for development of soil protection methods. In the initial period of using hydromorphic soils for irrigation in desert landscapes, there is a decrease in humus and total nitrogen content. The agrogenic transformation of hydromorphic soils under long-term and intensive use leads to significant changes in a number of soil properties. Each region-specific, soil-climatic condition may have its own pattern of soil areal evolution which is closely linked with the geochemical landscapes and the dynamics of the soil fertility. It is therefore necessary to consider the trends of soil transformation and evolution to improve soil fertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wetlands are among the most important ecosystems in the world in terms of endemic biodiversity, carbon storage and hydrological process. Veredas wetlands are distributed across the Brazilian savanna (i.e. Cerrado biome) and are permanently protected areas. Veredas wetlands have a hydromorphic soil, providing water to the main rivers of central Brazil and allowing the occurrence of several endemic species of plants and animals. Although recent studies on biotic and abiotic characteristics have been conducted in several areas of Veredas, the studies are local and there is a lack of information about large-scale patterns. Here we used remote sensing data to explore the role of climate, soil, topography and surrounding matrix explaining Veredas occurrence in the Triângulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba (TMAP), a mesoregion of the State of Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil. Veredas were more frequent in the western region of TMAP, in areas with lower altitudes, temperature and precipitation seasonality, soil cation exchange capacity, silt and sand content, and slope. Moreover, farming was the most frequent land use in areas surrounding Veredas. Veredas are associated with recharging of the water table and water flow that maintains rivers in the Upper Paraná River water basin. We trust the present assessment will be of help for the development of conservation strategies and biodiversity studies. Research questions, data processing, statistical analysis and illustration of the outputs generated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Geochemical concentrations and distribution of major and trace elemental oxides were governed by lithologic factors. • Silicon, Fe, Al, Ca, and K showed the higher affinity to parent material. • The profiles elemental ratios revealed both an oxic and anoxic depositional environment. • Volatility of elements depends on the modes of occurrence, the intensity of the fire and the duration. Geochemical composition and distribution of major elements study is vital in terms of investigating the major soil forming compounds and to know the fate of trace elements in soils. Particle size distribution (PSD), pH, organic carbon (OC), and major and trace elements of hydromorphic soils formed on recent alluvium in Obafemi-Owode Local Government Area of Ogun state, Nigeria were analysed using standard procedures. Three profiles pits were dug based on the mapping units identified, and samples were collected for laboratory analysis. Data were subjected descriptive statistics and Pearson' correlation coefficients using IBM SPSS version 27. The PSD was dominated by sand content, followed by clay and silt, and soil pH in KCl was strongly acid (3.17–4.30) and pH in H 2 O was moderately acid (4.74–5.80), while OC contents were low to moderate (1.22–6.69 g/kg). The major elemental results showed higher concentration of SiO 2 (>50 %) connotes presence quartz, feldspar, and clay minerals. Manganese, Cu, Ba, Zr, and Zn have higher concentrations among the trace elements. Major elements ratios (SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3, K 2 O/Al 2 O 3) showed moderate weathering stage, while trace elements ratios (Ni/Co and Cu/Zn) revealed deposition under humid conditions and anoxic environment. The statistical analysis revealed that most elements have skewness closed to zero except MgO and K 2 O. Correlation coefficients between the elements are positive and significant (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01) indicating that their presence can be accounted for by similar lithology, though some have negative relationship which could be as a result of anthropogenic activities. The study found that elements were potential tracers for the presence of human activities and environmental changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Aquatic-terrestrial ecotone of lake has higher soil organic carbon content. • Nitrogen is the main factor influencing soil organic carbon in the ecotones of river and lake. • pH is the main driver of soil organic carbon in the aquatic-terrestrial ecotones of reservoir. The aquatic-terrestrial ecotones of inland waters, including rivers, lakes, and reservoirs, are subject to occasional, recurrent, or even permanent flooding and play a vital role in the carbon cycles of aquatic ecosystems. However, the patterns and drivers of soil organic carbon in aquatic-terrestrial ecosystems have not been clearly documented on a global scale. To address this knowledge gap, we constructed a database of organic carbon content of 1970 globally distributed aquatic-terrestrial ecotone soils and utilized a random forest model to measure the primary drivers at global scale. We found that the average soil organic carbon content was 26, 33, and 18 g kg−1, and the mean soil organic carbon stock was 24.95, 22.38, and 30.66 t ha−1 for the aquatic-terrestrial ecotones of rivers, lakes, and reservoirs, respectively. Notably, the soil organic carbon content in lake ecotones was significantly higher than in river and reservoir ecotones. However, reservoir ecotones stored the highest soil organic carbon compared to lake and river ecotones. The random forest model explained 52 %, 49 %, 58 %, and 28 % variations of soil organic carbon content across all sites, river, lake, and reservoir ecotones, respectively. Soil physiochemical properties exert more pronounced effects across all ecotone types than climate factors when predicting soil organic carbon in global aquatic-terrestrial ecotones. However, it is noteworthy that the primary drivers of soil organic carbon content vary according to ecotone type. For river and lake ecotones, nitrogen content emerges as the dominant factor regulating organic carbon content. Conversely, in reservoir ecotones, pH stands out as the primary driver for soil organic carbon content. Beyond nitrogen content and pH, the composition of silt and clay also proves pivotal in predicting soil organic carbon in aquatic-terrestrial ecotones. These findings underscore the critical determinants of soil organic carbon accumulation in global inland aquatic-terrestrial ecotones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing concerns over water eutrophication due to agricultural phosphorus (P) loss have led to the development of indicators to assess the risk of P release from agricultural soils. Recently, a logarithmic equation linking the degree of phosphorus saturation (DPS) to the simple water‐soluble P (WSP) content of soils has been proposed as a universal method to assess this risk based, however, mainly on the analysis of well‐drained soils. Here, we studied the P sorption properties and DPS values of 69 hydromorphic soils from cultivated and uncultivated wetland zones located in Brittany, Western France, to test whether the method could also apply to poorly‐drained soils. The bulk soil analysis showed that P contents of the studied hydromorphic soils were 30% to 80% higher than P contents normally found in Brittany soils, evidencing a possible P enrichment process. Adsorption isotherms revealed a surprisingly high variability in the P sorption properties as a function of the location of the soil (maximum P adsorption capacity ranging from 500 to 1850 mg kg−1), which is caused by variations in the phases controlling P sorption in soil (from clay to organic matter and/or iron and aluminium oxides, depending on the soil location). Distinct relationships between DPS and WSP values were also obtained depending on the location of the soils. The obtained DPS versus WSP relationships showed that the P saturation threshold above which the risk of dissolved P release increases markedly is 30% lower on average for hydromorphic soils than for well‐drained soils. Hydromorphic soils appear to be more at risk of releasing dissolved P at the same DPS values than well‐drained soils. The present study indicates an underestimation of the P release risk from hydromorphic soils by the existing method developed for well‐drained soils and calls for the development of specific risk assessment tools for hydromorphic soils, especially given on the strong spatial heterogeneity of their P sorption properties. Highlights: Wetlands soils in western France show high variability in their phosphorus properties.There is a high‐risk of dissolved P losses from wetland soils to watercourses.The risk can remain high even in soils that are currently not cultivatedDegree of phosphorus saturation method to assess dissolved P release risk could underestimate it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paramagnetic activity is a fundamental property of humic substances (HSs). The agricultural use of soils does not only affect the qualitative and quantitative compositions of HSs, but also the content of free radicals (FRs) in their structure. Changes in the composition of incoming plant residues and hydrothermal conditions have an effect on soil humification rates and the paramagnetic properties of humic (HAs) and fulvic acids (FAs). Data on the influence of various factors on the content of FRs in HAs and FAs are not enough. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the influence of the degree of hydromorphism and agricultural use on the paramagnetic properties of HA and FA samples obtained from taiga and tundra soils. Studies have shown that the increased hydromorphism in taiga soils leads to the growing concentration of FRs in the HA molecular structure. HAs in virgin tundra soils exhibit a lower content of unpaired electrons when shifting from automorphic soils to hydromorphic ones. Going from the south to the north, the paramagnetic activity of both HAs and FAs tends to decrease due to the overall reduction of the number of polyconjugated systems in the tundra soil HSs. The comparative analysis of the paramagnetic properties in HAs and FAs of virgin and arable soils revealed that their agricultural use reduces the FR concentration in the structure of HSs, in other words it leads to the accumulation of biothermodynamically stable and more humified compounds in the arable horizons. This contributes to the stabilization of SOM in arable soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Wetlands are key ecosystems due to their economic, social and environmental contributions. Because of their highly productive habitats and their dependence on hydro-meteorologic regimes, they are threatened worldwide by land use and climate change. In most wetlands, intensification of productive activities has been mostly accompanied by the implementation of a water management infrastructure, disrupting water and nutrient dynamics. Our aim was to analyze whether intensification of livestock raising erodes the structure and function of plant communities, as well as the quality and fertility of soils in wetlands. Location: Non-insular portion of the Lower Delta of the Paraná River, Argentina. Methods: Plant communities were characterized on the basis of their floristic composition, structural and functional diversity. Soil samples were also collected to assess soil fertility, texture and quality. Generalized mixed linear models were used to contrast these attributes across livestock management practices characterized by differing water management infrastructure (polders and channelizations) and livestock type (bovine, bubaline). Results: Remarkably fertile hydromorphic soils supported a structurally rich and functionally diverse species composition. Nevertheless, most dominant populations were terrestrial, perennial, invasive species, partially adapted to conditions of temporary flooding. Polderized livestock fields exhibited not only the lowest quality, least fertile, most compacted soils, but also lower species richness and diversity, as well as the lowest values in all non-redundant components of functional diversity. Channelized livestock fields exhibited lower species richness and taxonomic diversity as well as reduced soil quality and fertility, yet an overall increase in most non-redundant components of functional diversity. Conclusions: Promoting the loss of native flora, water management infrastructure impairs the sustainability of anthropic activities and thwarts biodiversity conservation efforts. Traditional and sustainable practices that embrace the periodicity of the flood pulse are required to preserve the taxonomic and functional diversity of plant communities, as well as the quality and fertility of soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Central European Agriculture is the property of Journal of Central European Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The coast of Piaui is only 66km long, and its coastal plain has been under heavy pressure for occupation, which has been occurring in a disorderly manner. Knowledge of the natural soil resource is fundamental for responsible territorial planning. Works on Piauí soils on a more detailed scale are rare. The present work brings more detail of Piaui soils and aims to analyze the spectral response of soils representative of the different landscapes Piaui's coast in the visible and infrared range (350 to 2500nm) and makes inference for classification purposes. With the interpretation of spectral curves was possible to make association with various soils attributes and relate to their genesis and classification. The results indicate that this methodology can be efficient in soil surveys of the Piaui coast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate forage mass, morphological, and chemical composition of diploids and tetraploids Italian ryegrass cultivars in hydromorphic soil. Eight ryegrass cultivars were evaluated in a two-years completely randomised trial with four plots per cultivar. Forage production was recorded, and samples were collected to evaluate morphological and chemical composition. The contrasts methodology was used to verify differences between diploid and tetraploid cultivars. Compared to tetraploids, the diploids had the greatest number of cuts and the largest accumulation of forage in the second year, highlighting the better adaptation of cultivars in hydromorphic soils. Tetraploid ryegrass increased leaves and reduced stem and inflorescence proportion relative to diploid ryegrass. Tetraploid cultivars had lower DM, organic matter, and acid detergent fibre content than diploid cultivars. However, there was no significant difference between cultivars associated with their ploidy for the neutral detergent fibre and estimated total digestible nutrients. Additionally, only in the second year, tetraploid had lower crude protein content than diploid ones. Tetraploid ryegrass showed be less tolerant to periods of water stress due to flooding, characteristic of hydromorphic soils, resulting in less forage production than diploid ryegrass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The knowledge of the soil characteristics is vital for land planning. Although soils have several characteristics that can lead to their classification as soft soils, so far in practice, this concept is limited to Geotechnics. Notwithstanding, critical infrastructure projects, especially transport, such as roads and railways, are great demanders of information regarding the occurrence of soft soils because of the roads' geographic scope or the need to identify locations with suitable soils to receive the road infrastructure and the vehicles. The objective of this study was to prepare a predictive map of the potential for the occurrence of soft soils in Brazil. The investigation started with an in-depth literature review seeking to identify the main characteristics described as soft soils, followed by their correlation with the physical, chemical, and mineralogical characteristics of the Brazilian Soil Classification System (SiBCS) soil classes. Then, a classification lookup table was elaborated to translate the potential for soft soils from the soil database. Thus, using the pedological maps of Brazil and the State of Goias, at scales of 1: 5.0000.000 and 1:250.000, respectively, the potential for soft soils for the areas was spatialized. Data validation included 1,470 samples along the North-South railroad within the state of Goias between Sao Simao and Quirinopolis. As a result, a map was generated containing two classes of Occurrence Potential of Soft Soils in Brazilian territory: Low and High Occurrence Potential. The low potential class encompassing soils with great physical stability, well-drained, well developed, and low primary mineral content, and absence of expansive minerals are represented by Oxisols, Argissolos, Nitosols, Planosols, and Plintosols. The high potential class comprises hydromorphic soils, with a high degree of organic matter content, primary minerals of the 2:1 and expansive type, and sandy soils; Neosols, Organosols, Vertisols. Findings show that bridging Soil Sciences and Geotechnics allowed the construction of a model capable of providing predictive information on soft soils. The model is limited to the map scale; however, it covers a significant gap that existed until then in transport planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recovery of degraded areas is imperative for the sustainability of mining activities. The main action implemented to improve the chemical, physical and biological conditions of soils, tailings and sterile deposits is the incorporation of organic material. Biosolids (hygienized sewage sludge) are among the organic materials that can be applied. However, considering the health risk they represent, not all areas are suitable for receiving this waste. The present research sought to map the environmental suitability of the Quadrilátero Ferrífero (QF) region to assess the applicability of biosolids. For this purpose, maps were elaborated using restrictive criteria established for the safe application of this residue to the soil by means of the Geographic Information System (GIS), using the ArcGIS software, version 10.2. The established criteria were pedology, topography, hydromorphism, presence of protected areas, soil texture, susceptibility to erosion, proximity to urban areas and their overlaps to obtain the final suitability areas. For the exclusion of areas that presented legal restrictions, the criteria of protected area, areas close to water bodies, urban areas, shallow soils and a slope greater than 45% were used, as established in literature, in CONAMA 498/2020 and in the Forest Law - Federal Law 12,652 of 2012. Of the areas analyzed, 58.5% were suitable for biosolid application, equivalent to 10,858.3 ha of the 18,587 ha studied, indicating the feasibility of biosolids application in part of the QF area to be recovered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green rust (GR) is a chemically reactive mineral of interest for environmental remediation. However, the lack of stability of this compound is a major drawback for practical applications. In this study, the precipitation of hydroxychloride green rust type 1 (GR1Cl) from soluble FeII and FeIII species was studied by analyzing pH titration curves and employing XRD, Raman and Mössbauer spectroscopies to find optimal conditions for synthesizing GR1Cl. Using the stoichiometric condition for FeII-FeIII corresponding to the [FeII 3 FeIII(OH) 8 ]Cl compound, FeIIIO(OH) 2.9 Cl 0.1 was formed in a first step during the addition of NaOH and then transformed into a mixture of GR1Cl and Fe 3 O 4. The addition of phosphate anions (PO 4) at a molar ratio PO 4 : Fe = 1: 10 in the initial solution was shown to avoid the formation of undesired magnetite. Interestingly, GR1Cl was also the only product without adding PO 4 using an excess of FeII species in solution, i.e. for an initial ferric molar fraction x = FeIII: Fe tot of 0.2. First experimental evidences of a hydroxyphosphate green rust type 2 GR2PO 4 were also provided by XRD and Raman spectroscopy. Therefore, this work may attract interest for a better understanding of the geochemical cycle of iron and phosphate in natural environments such as hydromorphic soils or hydrothermal chimneys where fougerite, the mineral homologue of synthetic GR, is supposed to play a significant role. [Display omitted] • Fe3O4 is formed during green rust (GRCl) synthesis in stoichiometric conditions. • Adding the appropriate amount of PO4 to the FeII-FeIII solution stabilizes GRCl. • Excess of FeII in solution leads to single GRCl phase even without adding PO4. • A specific XRD pattern reflects PO4 and Cl exchange in green rust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phosphorus is a limiting element for the productivity of mangroves, which in turn are important ecosystems in regulating nutrients cycle and climate change by sequestering carbon (C). Despite this, there is an intense process of degradation in these environments. In addition to providing socio-environmental services, mangrove replanting can also alter the dynamics of nutrients in soils. Therefore, this study aims to understand the changes in soil phosphorus (P) fractions after a mangrove restoration. Soil samples from an unvegetated area (NV), a mature mangrove (R) and 7 and 9 year old replanted mangroves at SE-Brazil (APA Guapi-mirim, Rio de Janeiro state) were collected and analyzed to characterize the redox conditions (Eh), pH, and iron (Fe) fractionation, Total Organic Carbon (TOC) contents and P fractionation (exchangeable P; P associated with reducible Fe and Mn oxyhydroxides; associated with Al silicates and hydroxides; associated with humic acids; associated with Ca and Mg; associated with humin). The results indicate an increase in TOC as the age of the mangrove restoration increases (from 8.6 to 17.9%). The pH values were significantly lower, reaching very acidic values, associated with an increase in Eh. Both parameters also showed strong seasonal variation, with a drop in Eh during the wet period (from 165% to −46%) and an increase in pH in the same period (from 6.0 to 6.7). Regarding P fractionation, the main P pool was organic P forms, which showed the highest concentrations in all studied sites. Unvegetated areas showed higher organic P forms (NV: 108.8 μg g−1) than vegetated areas (M7: 55.7 μg g−1, M9: 83.6 μg g−1, R: 87.3 μg g−1). Vegetated sites also showed lower levels of the P Ex, P FeMn and P apatite fractions (total forest mean: 2.4 μg g−1, 5.8 μg g−1, 3.0 μg g−1, respectively). Besides no clear trend on P fractionation through seasons and forest age, pseudo-total P increased following the forest recovery (e.g. M7

Key plots of hydromorphic and semihydromorphic peat soils of oligotrophic bogs were studied in the area of the Middle Yenisei Station of the Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Hydromorphic soils were classified as Fibric Histosols (FHS1 and FHS2), and semihydromorphic soils were classified as Histic Albic Podzols (PZ1 and PZ2). It was found that fires had a significant impact on the initial waterlogging of the studied territory. The pyrogenic horizons of peat soils were generally enriched in ash elements and differed from one another in the contents of carbon and nitrogen. The functional activity of microbial communities in the studied soils was low, and this affected the content of microbial biomass and respiration rate. The restoration of microbial activity in pyrogenic horizons proceeded slowly because of the deficit of available organic matter. The qualitative and quantitative compositions of bacterial biomes and mycobiomes of peat soils differed in the studied plot and soil horizons. The number and species diversity of prokaryotes in all areas was quite high. Representatives of Proteobacteria and Archaea played the leading role in the development of pyrogenic horizons; the number of their operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in these horizons was significantly higher than that in the nonpyrogenic horizons, where Acidobacteria predominated. The mycobiomes of the FHS1 and FHS2 plots were significantly less abundant and had lower species diversity as compared to the PZ1 and PZ2 plots. The number of fungi was higher in the nonpyrogenic horizons; the number and diversity of fungi decreased in the pyrogenic horizons. The mycobiomes of the upper pyrogenic horizons included groups of carbotrophic fungi that can develop on charcoal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]