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In this study, carbon fiber (CF) filled polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) composites are lubricated with perfluoropolymer (PFP) fiber by melt‐blending. The effect of double fibers (CF‐PFP fibers) on the tribological properties of PPS composites has been carefully investigated and correlated under various sliding conditions. The results indicated that the tribological performance of PPS composites with double fibers is better than that of the composites with a single fiber, especially under severe conditions. Mechanism exploration suggests that a double‐fiber hybrid structure between a hard CF and a soft PFP fiber could tightly entrap the CF by fibril entanglement, thus preventing the CF from being stripped out of the matrix under the steel ring shearing force. Under optimized conditions, the average friction coefficient of composites with PFP fiber is only about 0.1 at 300 N load under 200 rpm, even lower than half of the average friction coefficient of the composites with PTFE powder under the same condition. Notably, compared to commercial split PFP fibers, the in‐situ formed PFP fibers with more uniform distribution significantly improve the tribological properties. This work open up a novel perspective for improving the tribological performance of composites by systematically regulating the microstructure of self‐lubricating fibrous additives. Highlights: PFA is subject to in‐situ fibrillation during melt blending.Fibrous PFP effectively improves the tribological properties of PPS/CF composites.The in‐situ formed PFP fiber contributes to better tribological properties.The double‐fiber hybrid structure prevents the CF from being sheared out.The number of processing cycles affects the tribological properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rise in global temperatures, driven by carbon dioxide emissions, has spurred the construction industry to seek carbon reduction strategies. This study evaluates the environmental benefits of using wood materials in construction by redesigning an existing reinforced concrete (RC) residential building in New Taipei City, Taiwan. Four structural combinations were developed, replacing concrete with timber and steel. Numerical simulations confirmed the feasibility of these systems, and comparisons of embodied carbon, costs, and construction periods were conducted. The proposed hybrid models, which extensively replace concrete with timber and steel for the core, reduced initial embodied carbon by 25.6% compared to the original RC building, though costs increased by 3.9 times. These findings underscore the potential of hybrid timber systems as a sustainable alternative in construction, offering significant carbon reduction benefits for Taiwan while aligning with environmental goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Humanity's efforts are manifested in the creation of novel solutions to complex problems in diverse fields. Traditional mathematical methods fail to solve real-world problems due to their complexity. Researchers have come up with new mathematical theories like fuzzy set theory and rough set theory to help them figure out how to model the uncertainty in these fields. Soft set theory is a novel approach to real-world problem solving that does not require the membership function to be specified. This aids in the resolution of a wide range of issues, and significant progress has recently been made. After Jun et al. came up with a hybrid system that combined fuzzy and soft set concepts, many people came up with hybrid ideas in different algebraic structures. In this paper, we introduce the concepts of subsystem and strong subsystem of a hybrid finite state machine (HFSM) and investigate a portion of their significant properties. We also provide an example that shows that every subsystem does not need to be a strong subsystem. Additionally, we study the cyclic subsystem of HFSMs and also obtain their equivalent results and examples. Finally, we define the notions of homomorphism of subsystems and strong subsystems of HFSMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient photoelectrochemical photodetectors based on WSe2/rGO have been fabricated using an annealing process. The initial performance enhancement of these devices was primarily attributed to the improved bandgap structure of WSe2 and the high carrier mobility of rGO, which facilitated an efficient transition of valence band electrons to the conduction band. Upon this understanding, a comparison between bulk WSe2 and WSe2 nanosheets (WSe2 NSs) was conducted. It was found that, at a bias voltage of 0.6 V, the photocurrent density of WSe2 NSs devices was 76% higher than that of similar bulk WSe2 devices, reaching 0.044 μA/cm2. Owing to the significant advantages of rGO, extensive testing of various WSe2 to rGO ratios was performed, identifying the precise composition that optimized photoelectric performance. Notably, under conditions of 0.5 M Na2SO4 electrolyte, 120 mW/cm2 irradiance, and 0.6 V bias potential, the devices achieved a photocurrent density of 0.64 μA/cm2, which is approximately 25.72 times higher than that of bulk WSe2 and 14.61 times more than WSe2 NSs. Moreover, the photoresponse trended upward with increasing irradiation intensity. Specifically, when the irradiation intensity was increased to 160 mW/cm2 and the bias voltage was raised from 0 V to 0.6 V, the photoresponsivity increased by 5.8 times, from 1 μA/W to 5.8 μA/W. The photodetectors constructed using the optimal WSe2/rGO ratio exhibited no significant performance degradation during a 4000-s cyclic on/off test, demonstrating their robustness under operational conditions. This study highlights the substantial potential of WSe2/rGO hybrids in enhancing the performance of photoelectrochemical photodetectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plays a crucial role in various applications, such as green oxidation processes and the production of high‐quality fuels. Currently, H2O2 is primarily manufactured using the indirect anthraquinone method, known for its significant energy consumption and the generation of intensive by‐products. Extensive research has been conducted on the photocatalytic production of H2O2via oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), with polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) emerging as a promising catalyst for this conversion. This review article is organized around two approaches. The first part main consists of the chemical optimization of the PCN structure, while the second focuses on the physical integration of PCN with other functional materials. The objective is to clarify the correlation between the physicochemical properties of PCN photocatalysts and their effectiveness in H2O2 production. Through a thorough review and analysis of the findings, this article seeks to stimulate new insights and achievements, not only in the domain of H2O2 production via ORR but also in other redox reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the innovation of modern electronics, heat dissipation in the devices faces several problems. In our work, boron nitride (BN) with good thermal conductivity (TC) was successfully fabricated by constructing the BN along the axial direction and the surface-grafted BN hybrid composite fibers via the wet-spinning and hot-pressing method. The unique inter-outer and inter-interconnected hybrid structure of composite fibers exhibited 176.47% thermal conductivity enhancement (TCE), which exhibits good TC, mechanical resistance, and chemical resistance. In addition, depending on the special structure of the composite fibers, it provides a new strategy for fabricating thermal interface materials in the electronic device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon anode‐based Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) have been widely used ranging from portable electronics to electric vehicles (EVs). Here a novel carbon material called microzonal carbon is introduced, synthesized from waste hard rubber (WHR), as an anode material for next‐generation LIBs. This material consists of a hybrid carbon structure embedded with short range ordered carbon zones, including expanded graphene sheets and nanopores. Two types of microzonal carbons (M‐5H and M‐10H) are tested in LIBs to unveil their electrochemical performance. The anode fabricated with M‐10H provides a high initial coulombic efficiency (60%), reversible capacity (377 mA h g−1 at 0.13 C), rate capability (275 mA h g−1 at 2.6 C) and cyclic stability (capacity retention of 99% at 0.13 C after 100 cycles). The electrochemical properties of microzonal carbon can be attributed to its unique hybrid carbon structure, facilitating fast ion diffusion, high electronic conductivity, and the ability to form stable interphase. Therefore, this work presents new insights into the electrochemical behavior of microzonal carbon as an anode material in next‐generation LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to understand how the incorporation of nanocarbon powder (NCP) influences the crashworthiness performance of glass fiber‐reinforced epoxy (GFRE) tubular components, potentially offering insights into improving the safety and resilience of structures or vehicles. Consequently, the crashworthiness behaviors of circular tubes made of GFRE with varying amounts of NCP was studied. Utilizing wet‐wrapping through hand lay‐up technique, GFRE tubes were fabricated with various weight percentages of NCP, that is, 0, 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 3, and 4 wt.%. Following that, the crashing load, total absorbed energy against displacement responses, and deformation histories of these tubes under quasi‐static axial loading conditions were calculated and tracked. As part of the crashworthiness analysis, critical indicators were evaluated, including initial peak load (Fip), total absorbed energy (U), mean crash force (Fm), crash force efficiency (CFE), and specific energy absorption (SEA). The findings reveal that the maximum Fip, U, Fm, and SEA were noted at 0.5 wt.% of NCP, with increasing percent's of 30.80, 12.17, 12.16, and 7.50, respectively, compared to the unfilled tube. While, the CFE was recorded by 3 wt.% of NCP with an enhancement of 16.67%. It is worth to note that, the findings reveal that the inclusion of NCP increases crashworthiness metrics up, that is, Fip, U, Fm, and SEA to a concentration of 0.50 wt.% NCP. However, beyond this point, there's a notable decline in performance. Highlights: The GFRE tubes were filled with various wt.% of NCP.The planned tubes were made using hand lay‐up methods.The tubes were subjected to axial compression loads to examine their crashing behavior.The crashing load and absorbed energy versus displacement responses for tubes were exposed.The experimental results were analyzed and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The time-dependent deflection characteristics of intact/damaged hybrid curved shell panels have been analyzed numerically under external loading and verified subsequently using experimentation. The effect of damage on structural integrity has been examined in order to identify practical implications. Methods: The damaged hybrid structure (Luffa-CNT) has been modeled numerically in a computer code in MATLAB utilizing higher-order mid-plane kinematics based on a variational approach and finite element technique. Results: The concurrence behavior and model validity have been confirmed by associating the outcomes with the results available in the literature. This study also analyzed experimentally and numerically generated material properties from the DIGIMAT platform, further increasing the depth and precision of the analysis. Finally, several instances are provided to demonstrate the effect of damage, including several geometrical input parameters on the transient responses of the curved shell hybrid structure (HS). Conclusion: The consequences obtained from this detailed approach are thoroughly investigated and addressed. The presence of damage weakens the structure's stiffness by causing the laminate's integrity to erode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulfur dots (SDs) have emerged as promising photoluminescence (PL) materials owing to their intrinsic merits such as abundant electronic effects, outstanding biocompatibility and available photocatalytic activity. Typically based on quantum confinement effects, SDs are reported usually confined emission in blue‐to‐green region. However, it is challenging to achieve their broad emission tunability in the visible region, restricted by inherent band gap of bulk sulfur (ca. 2.79 eV). Herein, we present white‐light‐emitting SDs achieved by surface charge engineering that hybridizes the surface of SDs with oleylamine. The resulting SDs exhibit broadband emissions (full width at half maximum of 187 nm) with PL quantum yields of up to 12.1 % and Commission International de I'Eclairage color coordinates of (0.27, 0.32). Detailed experimental and theoretical analysis reveal that the strong orbital coupling between oleylamine and sulfur on the hybrid surfaces of the SDs causes electron delocalization, leading to the generation of low‐energy charge transfer (CT) states. These CT states are highly sensitive to sulfur‐oleylamine hybrid structures, which complicate the transition dynamics and promote multi‐energy emissions, accounting for efficient white‐light emission. The demonstration of white‐light SDs based on surface charge engineering is an important step towards the development of sulfur‐based PL materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis work aimed to investigate elastic dispersion behaviors of triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) lattice structures. The dispersion curves were established using the finite element (FE) Bloch reduction method, in which the Bloch periodic boundary condition was implied via the Bloch transform matrix. Four different types of both surface- and solid-based TPMS lattices with varying relative densities were considered. It was found that only the solid-based Neovius and Schwarz structures provided complete elastic bandgaps. Then, elastic stiffnesses of the structures obtained by representative volume element (RVE) models were evaluated with regard to their achieved band gaps. Reducing the volume fraction of lattices obviously enhanced the bandgap behaviors, while decreasing the specific moduli. Moreover, new hybrid phononic lattices were introduced for tailoring the elastic bandgap and mechanical properties. The results showed that incorporating the strut-based face-centered cubic (FCC) lattice in the TPMS structures could obviously improve the bandgap characteristics and simultaneously maintain reasonable specific elastic properties. Finally, wave suppression structure by using the dispersion curves was demonstrated by examining a simple beam infilled with the periodic lattices under excited loads. It was shown that the TPMS structures could be well applied as an effective wave suppression feature in load-bearing structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Robinson' Bridge was built as part of the National Athletic Centre project in Budapest, Hungary. The 168 m long cable‐stayed pedestrian bridge has a 65 m tall inclined pylon standing on a small island. The 12,72 m wide main girder is suspended to a monopylon with a two‐plane fan‐shaped FLC stay cable system. The landmark bridge's stunning appearance was achieved with hybrid structures. Both the pylon and parts of the slender stiffening girder were made of S460 steel tubes filled with concrete to enhance their load‐bearing and dynamic characteristics. Due to very limited construction area, a special erection process was used for the pylon involving a 200t floating crane. The stiffening girder was built with incremental launching. Cable tensioning with a curved deck proposed special design challenges. Large displacements had to be accurately predicted. To meet the strictest requirements for pedestrian comfort, TMDs were applied and dynamic load tests carried out to prove the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An essential and quite different class of functions is the triangular norm and its related operators (uninorms, nullnorms, and associative copulas). They are used widely in many disciplines, including fuzzy set theory, probability and statistics, decision sciences, and others. This paper proposes the notion of hybrid Ξ -norm and defines the concepts of Ξ -hybrid ideals, Ξ -hybrid h -ideals in a hemiring . Some equivalent conditions are obtained for a hybrid structure to be a Ξ -hybrid left h -ideal, and it is proved that every imaginable Ξ -hybrid left h -ideal of hemiring is a hybrid left h -ideal, but not conversely by an example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel NiO/MnO2 pompon-like hybrid structure was synthesized through a facile one-step hydrothermal in situ growth approach in this paper. NiO nanosheets grow on MnO2 pompon-like microsphere to form typical hybrid structures which significantly increase the abundant active sites of electrode materials. The resulting NiO/MnO2 electrode material exhibits an impressive specific capacity of 2706.1 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g. Remarkably, NiO/MnO2 pompon-like hybrid structure shows excellent cycling performance and its capacity retention is maintained at 84.8% and the charge–discharge efficiency at 96% after 15,000 cycles. Even after undergoing 40,000 cycles, the electrode material maintains an outstanding charge–discharge efficiency of 95.2% with capacity retention of 69%, which revealing promising application as long-term electrode materials for supercapacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thin-walled structures comprised of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites and metal excel in achieving a balanced design in terms of material cost, weight savings, and mechanical performance. This study aims to explore the crushing characteristics and failure mechanism of square hollow aluminum tubes wrapped with glass FRP (GFRP) fabricated by vacuum-assisted resin infusion with six types of lay-up directions. Axial quasi-static compression and single/repeated low-velocity impact (LVI) are conducted to investigate their failure evolution and energy absorption properties, such as the specific energy absorption (SEA), mean crushing force (MCF), peak crushing force (PCF), and crushing force efficiency (CFE). The synergy among oblique, axial, and circumferential GFRP ply, which enhances strength and reduces out-of-plane deformation in the structure, is maximized by using the antisymmetric angle ply rather than the single angle ply. Under these three loading modes, the cases with a [0°/90°]2 lay-up have excellent crashworthiness indicators, including PCF, SEA, and MCF. Meanwhile, compared with the pure aluminum tube, both the SEA and CFE are improved simultaneously by up to 158% and 121% during the single LVI test. The study focuses on the influence of stacking configurations on crashworthiness and further explores the potential and application of such hybrid structures.

This article analyzes the present and future development of national economies belonging to emerging markets (EME). Manuscript presents an interpretation of the phenomenon of system transformational shift in EME with a hybrid institutional-agency structure. To develop the arguments, this phenomenon has been considered in relation to the three largest EME - India, China and Russian Federation. The discussion section is devoted to the issue of transition in relation to existing emerging national economies. Paper draws a conclusion about the reproduction of a hybrid structure of emerging market economies, which remains different from the structures of advanced western economies. Therefore, the still widespread treatment of institutions that play a key role in self-sufficient EME as obviously imperfect does not correspond to current realities. These liberal and non-liberal institutions present the vital elements of the established hybrid structure of the economies in post-developing and after socialist countries, characterized by the absence of a clear institutional hierarchy and the relative independence of various institutional orders and agency components.

Abstract Hybrid structures made of natural-synthetic polymers have been interested due to high biological features combining promising physical–mechanical properties. In this research, a hybrid dressing consisting of a silk fibroin (SF)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers and sodium alginate (SA)/gum tragacanth (GT) hydrogel incorporating cardamom extract as an antibacterial agent was prepared. Accordingly, SF was extracted from cocoons followed by electrospinning in blend form with PVA (SF/PVA ratio: 1:1) under the voltage of 18 kV and the distances of 15 cm. The SEM images confirmed the formation of uniform, bead free fibers with the average diameter of 199 ± 28 nm. FTIR and XRD results revealed the successful extraction of SF and preparation of mixed fibrous mats. Next, cardamom oil extract-loaded SA/GT hydrogel was prepared and the nanofibrous structure was placed on the surface of hydrogel. SEM analysis depicted the uniform morphology of hybrid structure with desirable matching between two layers. TGA analysis showed desired thermal stability. The swelling ratio was found to be 1251% after 24 h for the hybrid structure and the drug was released without any initial burst. MTT assay and cell attachment results showed favorable biocompatibility and cell proliferation on samples containing extract, and antibacterial activity values of 85.35% against S. aureus and 75% against E. coli were obtained as well. The results showed that the engineered hybrid nanofibrous-hydrogel film structure incorporating cardamom oil extract could be a promising candidate for wound healing applications and skin tissue engineering.

Abstract This paper presents an optoplasmonic gyroscope that employs a novel bent-hybrid structure, and works double-sided. The proposed device is integrable without moving parts, and simply has a robust configuration. The detection mechanism is based on surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), and the sensor consists of a laser, a bent-metal layer, and a photo-detector (PD). Based on the simulations, the proposed gyroscope provides significant characteristics of a measurement range of ± 45000°/s, an optical sensitivity of 6.025 µ/(°/s), a total sensitivity of 2.41 µA/W(°/s), an ultra-high resolution ability of 16.598 µ°/s, and an accuracy of 99.999%. The dimensions are 5 × 5 × 5 µm3, and the measurement time is 1 ms. The operational wavelength is at visible range of λ = 630 nm. Additionally, the effects of various parameters, including metal material, metal thickness, and laser wavelength, on the gyroscope performance are comprehensively studied.

Despite enormous progress in the field of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) imaging sensor technology in the past three decades, noble metals like Au and Ag, despite their drawbacks, continue to be the metals of choice for plasmonic sensing layers. The conventional architecture of the SPR sensor based on gold/silver and glass prism hinders scaling, portability, and industrial manufacturing. In this contribution, we present a novel architecture of SPR sensor using copper on polycarbonate prism as a cost-effective, scalable, and mass-producible alternative. Various optimization techniques, such as interface layer, protective encapsulation, and 2D affinity layer are explored to address the challenges related to the practical application of copper in a plasmonic sensor. Our results show that optimized architectures of SPR sensor based on copper has a sensitivity of 235.01°/RIU. From a quantitative analysis of the interrelationships among various performance parameters, we have derived a comprehensive sensing parameter that integrates signal quality and sensitivity. The proposed architecture of the copper based SPR sensor can lead to inexpensive, compact, and handy probes that do not sacrifice accuracy or reliability.

Unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) aims to extract domain-invariant features. Existing UDA methods mainly utilize a convolutional neural network (CNN) or vision transformer (ViT) as feature extractor, which align in the latent space that characterizes single view of the object and may lead to matching error—the distributions aligned in the CNN space may still be confused in the ViT space. To address this, we introduce global–local bi-alignment (GLBA) based on a hybrid structure Conformer, which enforces simultaneous alignment in both spaces, following the space-independent assumption: If two domains have the same distribution, their distributions in any latent space are aligned. The framework can be easily combined with previous UDA methods, essentially adding only an alignment loss without the need for elaborate structures or large numbers of parameters. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of GLBA and its state-of-the-art (SoTA) performance achieved with comparable parameter complexity. Code is available at https://github.com/JSJ515-Group/GLBA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to compensate for high path loss, massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) has been adopted in wireless communication systems operating at millimeter-wave (mmWave) bands. In particular, analog beamformer has been employed in hybrid massive MIMO systems to reduce the cost caused by radio frequency (RF) chains. However, due to hardware limitation, only conventional beamformer can be used at base station (BS) in existing hybrid massive MIMO systems, and as a consequence, inter-user-interference (IUI) cannot be removed completely in the presence of multiple users because of the sidelobe of conventional beamformer. In this letter, we will show that by utilizing the reconstructed spatial covariance matrix (SCM), adaptive beamformer can be also used at the BS in hybrid massive MIMO systems. Thanks to the reconstructed SCM, nulling directions of the adaptive beamformer can be adjusted adaptively to the directions of non-desired users, and therefore the residual IUI can be effectively removed. Simulation results show that the adaptive beamformer can outperform the conventional beamformer significantly in hybrid massive MIMO systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the design and synthesis of heterocyclic core scaffolds for drug discovery research. The researchers were able to generate unique heterocyclic skeletons from a common derivative and discovered that an amino moiety could be added to the ring system through annulative reactions with quinones. The target compound possesses both carbonyl and amino groups, similar to biologically active quinones. The researchers optimized the reaction conditions and found that the use of Cu(OAc)2 as a catalyst provided the desired product in high yield. The synthesis of various compounds was also explored. These compounds were tested for their anticancer effects and showed good inhibitory activities against human hepatocellular cells and prostate adenocarcinoma cells. The study suggests that these compounds could be further developed as potential anticancer agents for the treatment of liver and prostate cancer. The given text provides data and information related to the synthesis and characterization of compounds 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, and 4e. The compounds were synthesized using a general procedure involving the reaction of naphthoquinone with different reagents. The compounds were obtained in good yields and characterized using various techniques such as NMR and HRMS. The data presented in the text can be used by researchers studying the cytotoxic effects of these compounds on HepG2 and PC-3 cells. The document provides information on the synthesis and characterization of various compounds. The compounds are described in terms of their chemical structures [Extracted from the article]

The objective of this study is to design a biomimetic hybrid structure inspired by nacre, and conch shells and compare how the compressive characteristics change when key geometric design parameters are varied. Nacre, also known as mother of pearl, has a host of traits, suitable for survival, like its stiffness and strength. Conch, which is a common name for a number of sea snails, possesses a unique cross-lamellar structure which has a tough outer layer to resist penetration from the sharp-toothed attacks of predators, and a nacreous inner layer which can dissipate energy. A novel nacre–conch–nacre inspired sandwich core structure is designed and fabricated with fuse filament fabrication using acrylonitrile styrene acrylate filament according to the ASTM C365 standard for the flatwise compression test of sandwich core structures. Three key design parameters, namely the wall thickness, the thickness between two nacre walls, and the angle of conch were selected and varied to form nine different iterations of this design. An Abaqus finite element analysis was validated by experimental testing using an Instron 8801 servo-hydraulic universal testing machine. The results showed that conch-inspired structures' compression properties depend on wall thickness and angle. The sample with 2 mm wall thickness and 45° conch angle had the highest compressive strength of 3.62 MPa, while the sample with 1 mm wall thickness and 50° conch angle had the lowest at 2.09 MPa. These findings suggest this structure could be used in lightweight armor, car, and aerospace parts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a right regular L A -semigroup, the hybrid ideals, hybrid interior ideals, hybrid (1,2)-ideals, hybrid generalized bi-ideals, and hybrid quasi-ideals are all introduced in this work. A right regular L A -semigroup has also been described in terms of its hybrid right and hybrid left ideals. Moreover, we obtain some equivalent conditions in terms of hybrid two-sided ideal, hybrid bi- (respectively, generalized bi-)ideal, hybrid quasi-ideal, hybrid interior ideal and hybrid (1 , 2) -ideal over right regular L A -semigroups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diffractive lens has advantages over traditional reflective lens, such as light weight, high folding compression ratio, high tolerance for surface figure error and low manufacturing costs. It provides a new technical approach for a lightweight LiDAR ranging system. In this work, a laser radar system based on a diffractive lens receiver system has been designed. The receiver system is a hybrid structure consisting of an eight-level diffractive lens, a collimation set and a convergence set. Combined with the single photodetector, the designed laser radar system can simultaneously achieve measurements at near-field distances of 6.0 m, 9.9 m, and 16.1 m and far-field distances of 851.2 m.

To date, there has been limited information in the literature on the application of carbon fibre-carbon nanotube systems for the modification of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) matrixes by micro- and nanometric fillers and an evaluation of the properties of the unique materials produced. This paper presents the results of newly designed unique multiscale composites. The advantages of the simultaneous use of carbon fibres (CFs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in PVC modification are discussed. To increase the dispersibility of the nanofiller, CFs together with nanotubes were subjected to a sonication process. The resulting material was introduced into PVC blends, which were processed by extrusion. The ratio of components in the hybrid filler with CF_CNT was 20:1, and its proportion in the PVC matrix was 1, 5, and 10 wt.%, respectively. Comparatively, PVC composites modified only with carbon fibres were obtained. The structure, thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties and swelling resistance of the composites were studied. The study showed a favourable homogeneous dispersion of nanotubes in the PVC matrix. This enabled effective modification of the structure at the nanometric level and the formation of an interpenetrating network of well-dispersed hybrid filler, as evidenced by a decrease in volume resistivity and improvement in swelling resistance, as well as an increase in glass transition temperature in the case of PVC/CF_CNT composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose an all-optical AND gate based on a hybrid nonlinear photonic crystal ring resonator structure. The structure relies on a nonlinear photonic crystal ring resonator containing metal rods. In this hybrid configuration, GaAs and Ag rods are used as dielectric and metal rods, respectively. The nonlinear Kerr effect is harnessed to achieve switching power intensity. To analyze the properties of the proposed hybrid structure, we employ the plane wave expansion method and the two-dimensional finite difference time-domain method. Proper coupling between the plasmonic mode induced by the metal rods and the resonant PhC results in the creation of a hybrid plasmonic-PhC mode. In this proposed structure, the hybrid mode is strongly confined at the interface of metal-dielectric, leading to field enhancement and increased transmission of the hybrid AND gate. The total area of the hybrid AND gate is 175.45 µm2. Simulation results indicate a minimum contrast ratio of 13.17 dB and a response time of 2 ps. It is worth noting that the proposed hybrid structure has a compact size, making it suitable for a wide range of applications in integrated opto-plasmonic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the synthesis and electrochemical application of boron nitride quantum dot (BNKN) / reduced graphene oxide (rGO) hybrid structure, which is a new electrode material to be used for supercapacitors, is investigated. BNKN is recommended because it has the same crystal structure as graphene oxide (GO), and so the hybrid structure of BNKN@rGO exhibits excellent electrical characteristics. BNKN, a hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanostructure-based hybrid material, has appeared in recent studies due to its thermal stability and electrical conductivity, while graphene is frequently preferred in supercapacitor studies because it has a large specific surface area. In addition, the main reason for adding different heterostructures to this structure to improve the capacitance value of graphene is; changing the electron donating properties of carbon materials has been made a priority. Therefore, the specific capacitance value was measured, considering that the BNKN@rGO hybrid electrode to be used in supercapacitors would increase the electrochemical activity. A high capacitance value of 207.5 F/g was found at 5 mvs-1 scanning speed of the BNKN@rGOH hybrid structure as a result of electrochemical investigations. At 10,000 cycles, it also demonstrated a cyclic stability performance of 88.9%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising hosts for lanthanide ions owing to their ability to sensitize the lanthanides and provide a rigid topology while still permitting interactions with guest species. Among these lanthanide MOFs, MOF‐76 is a noteworthy example composed of 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylic acid (H3BTC) and lanthanide ions. In this study, a high photoluminescence quantum yield (ΦPL) of 91% for Tb‐based MOF‐76 (Tb‐MOF) is reported, while the efficiency of Eu‐based MOF‐76 (Eu‐MOF) is over five times lower. A potential circumvention of the poor performance of Eu3+ is energy transfer from Tb3+ to Eu3+, but it is found that although energy transfer is efficient the ΦPL of the Eu3+ remains low. The study investigates the cause of the lower quantum yield in Eu‐MOF by ruling out possible factors such as crystal size, guest solvent molecules, and energy transfer from or back to the linker. None of these are significant loss mechanisms, leading to conclude that the MOF‐76 ligand unfortunately leads to fast non‐radiative deactivation of the Eu3+ excited state. The results suggest that MOF‐76 is an excellent host for Tb3+ ions, but exploration is required for MOF linkers to simply access the potentially excellent emission efficiency of Eu3+ ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), also known as ErbB1 and HER1, belongs to the receptor tyrosine kinase family. EGFR serves as the primary driver in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is a promising therapeutic target for NSCLC. In this study, we synthesized a novel chemical library based on a benzofuran–indole hybrid scaffold and identified 8aa as a potent and selective EGFR inhibitor. Interestingly, 8aa not only showed selective anticancer effects against NSCLC cell lines, PC9, and A549, but it also showed significant inhibitory effects against the double mutant L858R/T790M EGFR, which frequently occurs in NSCLC. In addition, in PC9 and A549 cells, 8aa potently blocked the EGFR signaling pathway, cell viability, and cell migration. These findings suggest that 8aa, a benzofuran–indole hybrid derivative, is a novel EGFR inhibitor that may be a potential candidate for the treatment of NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we investigate a synthesis method for novel systems that involve the use of gold nanotriangles arrays (AuNTs) coated with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) brushes, designed as smart platforms for the reversible confinement of bio-particles. Initially, we employed cost-effective nanosphere lithography to fabricate gold nanotriangles arrays. Next, polymer initiator groups were attached to the AuNTs surface through a spontaneous reduction approach, enabling exclusive functionalization of pNIPAM on the gold surface. Finally, we utilized surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization to graft pNIPAM brushes onto the gold surface. We systematically investigated the polymer initiator groups' grafting time and the polymerization time to control the thickness of the grafted pNIPAM brushes. Subsequently, we characterized the thermoresponsive properties of these hybrid structures using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) measurements, evaluating their ability to undergo on/off adsorption and desorption of polystyrene (PS) beads on their surface. Indeed, the combination of the thermosensitive pNIPAM polymer with AuNTs arrays results in the development of a precisely regulated two-dimensional active device which exhibits tunable properties with external temperature changes, making it a versatile platform suitable for a wide range of applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fuzzy set is a fantastic tool for expressing hesitancy and dealing with uncertainty in real-world circumstances. Soft set theory has recently been developed to deal with practical problems. The soft and fuzzy sets were combined by Jun et al. to generate hybrid structures. The idea of hybrid ideals on a distributive lattice is discussed in this work. The relation between hybrid congruences and hybrid ideals on a distributive lattice is also examined. In addition, the product of hybrid ideals and its numerous results are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]