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Analiza lovnog gospodarenja u desetogodišnjem razdoblju (2007.-2017.) napravljena je na području 35 zajedničkih županijskih i vlastitih državnih lovišta ustanovljenih na području Koprivničko-križevačke županije. Glavne vrste krupne divljači su jelen obični, divlja svinja, srna obična, a od sitne divljači zec obični, fazan i divlja patka. Gospodarenje navedenim lovištima i divljači usklađeno je s uvjetima zaštite prirode, koji čine sastavni dio svake lovnogospodarske osnove i osiguravaju da su svi gospodarski parametri i zahvati u lovištu planirani prema uvjetima zaštite prirode. To se prije svega odnosi na gospodarenje matičnim fondovima prirodne gustoće, spolne i dobne strukture, s prirodnim prirastom, otpadom uz optimalnu prihranu i prehranu te moguće unošenje umjetno uzgojene divljači iz uzgajališta. Sumirajući navedene podatke matični fondovi su u granicama dozvoljenog. U analiziranom periodu evidentiran je rast broja odstrijeljenih grla divljači ali i trofejne vrijednosti. Ukupno je ocijenjeno 1368 trofeja srne obične od čega je 180 u medalji. Kod divlje svinje ocijenjeno je 866 trofeja, a 102 su u medalji, dok je kod jelena običnog ukupno ocijenjeno 423 trofeja od kojega je 205 u medalji., The analysis of hunting management in the ten-year period (2007.-2017.) was made in the area of 35 joint county and state-owned hunting grounds established in the area of Koprivnica-Križevci County. The main species of game are: from large game -red deer, wild boar, roe deer, and from small game - rabbit, pheasants and wild ducks. The management of these hunting grounds and game is harmonized with the conditions of nature protection, which form an integral part of every hunting management basis and ensure that all economic parameters and interventions in the hunting ground are planned according to the conditions of nature protection. And this refers to the management of parent funds of natural density, natural sex and age structure, with natural growth, waste with optimal nutrition and nutrition, and the possible introduction of artificially bred game from the farm. Summarizing the above data, the parent funds are within the permitted limits. In the analysed period, an increase in the number of game heads shot, as well as the trophy value, was recorded. A total of 1.368 roe deer trophies were evaluated, of which 180 were medals. In wild boar, 866 trophies were evaluated, and 102 were in medals, while in red deer, a total of 423 trophies were evaluated, of which 205 were in medals.

Tema ovog završnog rada je uređenje lovišta. Pod uređenje lovišta podrazumijevaju se sve one radnje u lovištu koje služe direktno ili indirektno uzgoju i zaštiti divljači. Lovište je točno određena cjelina koja prati lovnogospodarsku osnovu kao i zakone o lovstvu. Teme koje ćemo u daljnjem tekstu objasniti su sljedeće: lovnogospodarska osnova, prihrana i prehrana divljači, divljač u lovištu i štete od divljači, dobrobit divljači, lovnotehničke i lovnogospodarske objekte. Uzgajati divljač u lovištu znači omogućiti joj sve potrebno za njen opstanak i reprodukciju što će jamčiti njezinu brojnost, zdravstvenu kondiciju i kvalitetne trofeje. Kvalitetni trofej pokazuje kvalitetu lovišta i razinu lovnog gospodarenja., The topic of this thesis is the arrangement of hunting grounds. The arrangement of the hunting grounds means all those activities in the hunting grounds that directly or indirectly serve the breeding and protection of game. A hunting ground is a precisely defined entity that follows the hunting management basis as well as hunting laws. The topics that we will explain in the following text are the following: fundamentals of hunting management, feeding and nutrition of game, game in the hunting grounds and damage of game, well-being of game, hunting technical and hunting management facilities. Raising wild game in a hunting ground means providing it with everything necessary for its survival and reproduction, which will guarantee its abundance, health condition and quality trophies. A quality trophy shows the quality of the hunting grounds and the level of hunting management.

We used the questionnaire method to collect initial data on the presence, characteristics, and attacks on wildlife by free-roaming dogs from 364 employees in professional services for hunting and game management in Serbia. The results showed that more than 80% of participants frequently saw free-roaming dogs in their hunting grounds. Most of the participants saw medium-sized dogs (63%) in groups of more than 5 animals (53%). Forty-three percent of respondents believed that free/roaming dogs belonged to the category of abandoned dogs. Participants noted that the population of free-roaming dogs has increased in the last 5 years in hunting grounds. The smallest share of participants (60%) who noticed an increase in the number of free-roaming dogs was from mountainous hunting grounds (P < 0.5). More than 50% of participants believed that the number of deadly attacks by free-roaming dogs on wildlife has increased in the last 5 years. Roe deer were the most common victims of dog attacks. Lethal methods of controlling the populations of free-roaming dogs were not accepted by participants. Considering the almost identical traditions of the Balkan peoples regarding the treatment of dogs, we consider this study especially important for the region.

Analizira lovnog gospodarenja u desetogodišnjem razdoblju (2010.-2020.) napravljena je na području 35 zajedničkih otvorenih lovišta ustanovljenih na području Zadarske županije. Glavne vrste divljači su: od krupne divljači – svinja divlja, srna obična, a od sitne divljači - zec obični, fazani-gnjetlovi, trčka skvržulja, jarebica kamenjarka-grivna. Od ostale vrste divljači koje su bitne u gospodarenju lovištima a nalazimo ih u na području lovišta Zadarske županije, za istaknuti je od krupne vrste divljači - muflon, divokoza, smeđi medvjed, jelen običan i jelen lopatar. Gospodarenje navedenim lovištima i divljači usklađeno je s uvjetima zaštite prirode, koji čine sastavni dio svake lovnogospodarske osnove i osiguravaju da su svi gospodarski parametri i zahvati u lovištu planirani prema uvjetima zaštite prirode. A to se odnosi na gospodarenje matičnim fondovima prirodne gustoće, prirodne spolne i dobne strukture, s prirodnim prirastom, otpadom uz optimalnu prihranu i prehranu te moguće unošenje umjetno uzgojene divljači iz uzgajališta. Sumirajući navedene podatke odstrjela i prikazanih trofeja divljači možemo biti zadovoljni s prikazanim stanjem u lovnom gospodarenju analiziranih lovišta, pošto analizirana lovišta spadaju u brdske, gorske i mediteranske tipove lovišta s krupnim predatorima u kojima moramo računati na gubitke u populaciji kod krupne i sitne divljači, The analysis of hunting management in the ten-year period (2010-2020) was made in the area of 35 joint open hunting grounds established in the area of Zadar County. The main species of game are: from large game - wild boar, roe deer, and from small game - rabbit, pheasant-gnjetlovi, ruNarodne novine brojing squirrel, partridge rock-hryvnia. Of the other game species that are important in the management of hunting grounds and we find them in the hunting grounds of Zadar County, it is worth mentioning of the large game species - mouflon, chamois, brown bear, red deer and fallow deer. The management of these hunting grounds and game is harmonized with the conditions of nature protection, which form an integral part of every hunting management basis and ensure that all economic parameters and interventions in the hunting ground are plaNarodne novine brojed according to the conditions of nature protection. And this refers to the management of parent funds of natural density, natural sex and age structure, with natural growth, waste with optimal nutrition and nutrition, and the possible introduction of artificially bred game from the farm. Summarizing the above data of shooting and presented game trophies, we can be satisfied with the presented situation in hunting management of analyzed hunting grounds, since the analyzed hunting grounds belong to mountain, mountain and Mediterranean types of hunting grounds with large predators in which we have to count population losses in large and small game.

Hunting is a unique form of activity in rural areas with a high proportion of forest areas, which involves nature conservation and meets social needs for recreation and the preservation of traditions while being an important part of economic activity. The presented study results, based on a literature review and questionnaire surveys conducted among hunters associated in hunting clubs in the north-eastern part of Poland, provide the basis for a discussion on the socio-economic significance of hunting, both in the country and throughout the European continent. Based on the results presented in the paper, it can be concluded that the number and density of hunters differ in individual countries. Moreover, hunting is practised in Europe by almost 7 million people, of which 127,000 are in Poland, and is a typical male activity. Most hunters in Poland and other European countries are professionally active inhabitants of rural areas, aged approximately 50 years, with several years of shooting experience and an income exceeding average values. Hunting is an important part of socio-economic activities, particularly in rural areas. It is estimated that in the EU alone, hunting can be worth approximately EUR 16 billion, and creates 100–120 thousand jobs. The most recent results of studies conducted in certain EU countries and the wide range of services provided by the hunting sector indicate that these values may be considerably higher. Regarding Poland, despite the centralised game resource management system, there are no extensive studies of the economic significance of hunting, and the official data are limited to a few basic indices related to hunting statistics. As indicated by the study results presented in this paper, in Poland, hunting-related expenditures are clearly lower than the European average and, thus, the economic significance of hunting is relatively low in this country. Despite this, it is a hunting community that, as a result of the adopted system solutions, is responsible for the functioning of reasonable game management while significantly affecting the management of the vast majority of rural areas.

Current state and features of the hunting industry development in some European countries are highlighted within the article. Organization peculiarities of the hunting industry are analyzed, available species of animals, their numbers and volumes of production are considered. Taking into consideration geographical and national features of European countries, three models of hunting management are distinguished and characterized: Eastern European, Western European and North European. As a result, it was found that, at the present stage, organization of the hunting industry according to the Eastern European model are the most interesting and acceptable principles for Ukraine., В статье освещено современное состояние и особенности развития отрасли охотничьего хозяйства в некоторых европейских странах. Проанализированы особенности организации охотничьей отрасли, рассмотрены существующие виды животных, их численность и объемы добычи. Учитывая географические и национальные особенности европейских стран, было выделено и охарактеризовано три модели ведения охотничьего хозяйства: Восточно-Европейскую, Западно-Европейскую и Северо-Европейскую. В результате было выявлено, что на современном этапе для Украины наиболее интересными и приемлемыми являются принципы организации охотничьего хозяйства по Восточно-Европейской модели, У статті висвітлено сучасний стан та особливості розвитку галузі мисливського господарства в деяких європейських країнах. Проаналізовано особливості організації мисливської галузі, розглянуто наявні види тварин, їх чисельність та обсяги добування. Враховуючи географічні та національні особливості європейських країн, було виок-ремлено та охарактеризовано три моделі ведення мисливського господарства: Східно-Європейську, Західно-Європейську та Північно-Європейську. У результаті було виявлено, що на сучасному етапі для України найбільш цікавими та прийнятними є принципи організації мисливського господарства за Східно-Європейською моделлю.

Breeding of wild boars is a significant part of the hunting economy; however, hogs are associated with zoonotic infection. This study assessed the prevalence and degree of parasitic infections that exist in wild boars from two hunting grounds in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, Republic of Serbia. Parasitological examinations were conducted from 2016 to 2019. In total 220 fecal samples and 13 lungs were collected from wild boars in two hunting grounds (an open and a closed habitat) on the territory of Vojvodina (Serbia). Assessment of the prevalence and degree of the detected endoparasitosis involved a semi-quantitative fecal egg count method. The presence of protozoa—Eimeria spp./Isospora spp. (76.38%; 32.26%) and Balantidium coli (7.08%), nematodes—Ascaris suum (29.03%), Trichuris suis (31.49%; 19.35%), Hyostrongylus rubidus/Oesophagostomum spp. (55.12%; 48.39%), Metastrongylus pudendotectus (66.14%; 21.51%), Gnathostoma hispidum (3.94%; 2.15%) and Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus (9.45%; 7.53%) and trematodes—Fasciola hepatica (5.51%; 4.30%) and Dicrocoelium dendriticum (0.78%; 2.30%) were detected as single or mixed infections, via qualitative coprological examination. The total prevalence of the endoparasitosis was 92.91% in hunting ground I (closed habitat) and 73.12% in hunting ground II (open habitat). The most prevalent infection in hunting ground I was coccidiosis (76.38%), and hyostrongylosis/oesophagostomosis (48.39%) in hunting ground II. Adult forms of M. pudendotectus were identified in the lungs of 13 wild hogs with mild to severe bronchopneumonia from hunting ground II. The semi-quantitative fecal egg count method demonstrated clinical and parasitological significance and revealed the risks associated with zoonotic infections in this game species population. Therefore, monitoring the etiology and epizootiology of parasitic infections in wild boars is essential for creating health care programs in hunting ground areas and planning control strategies that protect both the hunting economy and public health.

Во второй половине XIX в. на территории юго-западной и южной Якутии началась крупнейшая в России добыча золота. Золотые прииски возникли на обширной гористой территории, исстари принадлежавших охотничье-промысловому населению оленных тунгусов как охотничьи угодья и оленьи пастбища. Земли Якутии считались собственностью государства, которыми коренные жители пользовались на общинных началах. Поэтому царская администрация пыталась самовольно передавать облагороженные луговые земли якутов и охотничьи угодья тунгусского населения, в основном безвозмездно, - 146 - переселенцам и промышленникам. Однако по «Положению об инородцах» 1822 г. требовалось получение согласия самих инородцев, проживавших или кочевавших в общинных местностях, что впоследствии стали учитываться промышленниками. Постепенно сложился порядок уступки земель тунгусских родов путем заключения договоров с предпринимателями. В фондах Амурского областного краеведческого музея хранится оригинал копии «Условий» (договора) о передаче охотничьих угодий по речке Желтулак оленных тунгусов доверенному Верхне-Амурской золотопромышленной компании без указания срока. Компания на этих землях могла строить дороги, вырубать строительный лес, добывать золото и производить разведку, за что обязывалась ежегодно платить тунгусскому роду с каждого прииска до выработки золотоносного грунта определенную сумму денег. Практика арендных отношений между тунгусской общиной и представителями промышленной компании, сложившаяся во второй половине XIX в., ныне вполне может служить прекрасным примером для выстраивания новых отношений в современных условиях при промышленном освоения исконных земель малочисленных народов Севера, In the second half of the XIX century. on the territory of South-Western and southern Yakutia, Russia's largest gold mining began. Gold mines appeared on a vast mountainous territory that had long belonged to the hunting and commercial population of the deer Tungus as hunting grounds and deer pastures. The lands of Yakutia were considered the property of the state, which the indigenous people used on a communal basis. Therefore, the tsarist administration tried to voluntarily transfer the ennobled meadow lands of the Yakuts and hunting grounds of the Tunguska population, mostly free of charge, to settlers and Industrialists. However, according to the “Regulations on foreigners” of 1822, it was required to obtain the consent of the foreigners themselves, who lived or roamed in communal areas, which later began to be taken into account by Industrialists. Gradually, there was a procedure for ceding land to Tungus families by entering into contracts with entrepreneurs. In the funds of the Amur regional Museum of local lore, an original copy of the “Terms” (agreement) on the transfer of hunting grounds along the Zheltulak river of Olenye tungusov to a trusted upper Amur gold mining company is stored without specifying the term. The company on these lands could build roads, cut down construction wood, extract gold and make exploration, for which it was obliged to pay annually to the Tunguska family from each mine to the development of gold-bearing soil a certain amount of money. The practice of lease relations between the Tunguska community and representatives of an industrial company, which developed in the second half of the XIX century, can now serve as an excellent example for building new relationships in modern conditions when industrial development of the ancestral lands of small peoples of the North.

В статье рассмотрены особенности связанные с использованием территории охотхозяйств. В России насчитывается около 5 тысяч охотпользователей, осуществляющих охотничью деятельность в 7 тысячах охотхозяйствах, в которых заняты порядка 80 тысяч человек. [20,17] Основной актуальной проблемой в настоящее время, не позволяющей охотхозяйственной отрасли динамично развиваться является отсутствие системного подхода к закреплению охотугодий. Первостепенной задачей в решении данной проблемы является пересмотр существующих подходов к закреплению угодий. Согласно действующему законодательству используется дифференцированный подход в регулировании вопросов использования данных угодий, что вызывает трудности в использовании и управлении данным видом угодий, а соответственно и отрасли., The article describes the features associated with the use of the territory of hunting farms. In Russia, there are about 5 thousand hunting users engaged in hunting activities in 7 thousand hunting farms, which employ about 80 thousand people. [20,17] The main actual problem at present, which does not allow the hunting industry to develop dynamically, is the lack of a systematic approach to fixing hunting grounds. The primary task in solving this problem is to revise the existing approaches to the consolidation of land. According to the current legislation, a differentiated approach is used in regulating the issues of using these lands, which causes difficulties in the use and management of this type of land, and accordingly the industry.

Covering almost the entire territory of Serbia, hunting grounds occupy a unique role not only in the country's hunting practices but also in game management and wildlife conservation. Therefore, it is useful to be acquainted with their characteristics in order to manage game in a sustainable manner. Nevertheless, there has not been a proper study on the condition of hunting grounds in Serbia since the country's transition process, which reshaped the hunting sector as a whole. The purpose of this research is to identify and analyze the features of hunting grounds in Serbia in order to establish a base for future scientific research and appropriate decision making. The research results were obtained on the basis of the data on 272 hunting grounds in Serbia, collated during the hunting year of 2012/2013 and compared with the last comprehensive hunting analysis at the national level in 2001. The analysis suggests that the regal hunting system is still predominant in Serbia. The quality of hunting grounds has been enhanced to a certain extent, although there are yet some challenges which pose a threat to sustainable management such as the oversized hunting areas, lack of employees and poor financial condition. Lovišta u Srbiji imaju jedinstvenu ulogu, pošto se prostiru preko skoro celokupne državne teritorije i služe na samo za lov, nego i za gazdovanje divljači i zaštitu divljih životinja. Zbog toga je korisno poznavati njihove osobine da bi se moglo gazdovati divljači na održiv način. Uprkos svojoj ulozi, od tranzicionih promena u Srbiji koje su preoblikovale i lovstvo, nije bilo odgovarajuće studije koja bi na nacionalnom nivou utvrdila stanje lovišta. Cilj ovog istraživanja je da analizira osobine lovišta u Srbiji i identifikuje njihove karakteristike radi uspostavljanja osnove za buduća naučna istraživanja i odgovarajuće donošenje odluka. Rezultati ovog istraživanja su dobijeni na osnovu podataka prikupljenih iz 272 lovišta u Srbiji za lovnu 2012/2013 godinu i upoređeni sa poslednjom sveobuhvatnom analizom lovstva na nacionalnom nivou iz 2001. godine. Analiza ukazuje da je u Srbiji i dalje dominantan regalni sistem gazdovanja. Kvalitet lovišta je donekle poboljšan, iako i dalje postoje izazovi koji ugrožavaju održivo gazdovanje, kao što su prevelike površine lovišta, nedovoljan broj zaposlenih i teška finansijska situacija.

Lovstvo je v preteklosti predstavljalo glavni vir preživetja, dandanes pa ljudem pomeni predvsem hobi. Skozi čas se je lovstvo zelo spremenilo tako glede uporabe in oblike orodja oziroma orožja za lov kakor tudi glede organizacije. V preteklosti so imeli lovsko pravico predvsem premožni ljudje, čez čas pa so lovsko pravico pridobili lastniki zemljišč. Še zdaj je v večini evropskih držav lovska pravica vezana na lastninsko pravico, lastniki zemljišč imajo pravico do lova in upravljanja z divjadjo na svojem zemljišču, lahko pa zemljišče dajejo tudi v najem. V nasprotju s tem je Slovenija ena redkih držav, kjer pravica do lova ni vezana na lastninsko pravico. V Sloveniji imajo pravico do lova samo posamezniki, ki so včlanjeni v lovsko družino in imajo opravljen lovski izpit. Večina držav ima urejeno lovsko zakonodajo, ki določa pogoje za upravljanje z divjadjo, trajnostno gospodarjenje z divjadjo, pogoje za lov, velikost lovišč, organiziranost lovskih organizacij, vrste in načine lova. Evropske države se združujejo v Združenje lovskih zvez Evropske skupnosti (FACE), ki skrbi za interese sedmih milijonov lovcev po vsem svetu in za učinkovito ohranjanje življenjskega okolja ter odgovornosti lovcev ob lovu. Moramo se zavedati, da lovstvo ne pomeni samo lova na divjad, ampak predstavlja širok spekter drugih dejavnosti, kot so ohranjanje narave in pestrosti živalskih vrst, ohranjanje ravnovesja v naravi, nadzor nad krivolovom, preprečevanje širjenja bolezni, odpravljanje škode, ki jo povzroči divjad, in še mnogo drugih stvari. In the past, hunting represented the main source for living, but in present days, for most people, hunting represents hobby. Over time, there were significant changes in hunting. Both the use and the form of tools and weapons for hunting had change, as well as the organization. In the past, hunting right belonged mostly to wealthy people, but over time the hunter's right got land owners. Even now, in the majority of European countries hunting rights are attached to ownership rights, land owners have the right to hunt and managing wildlife on their land, but they can also give the land for lease. Slovenia is one of the few countries where the right to hunt is not tied to ownership rights. In Slovenia, only people who are members of hunting society and have passed the hunting exam, have the right to hunt. Most countries have regulated hunting legislation which regulates conditions for game management, sustainable management of the game, the conditions for hunting, size of the hunting grounds, organization of hunting organizations, the types and methods of hunting. Most of European countries associate in FACE: The European Federation of Associations for Hunting & Conservation, which takes care of the interests of several million hunters all around the world, for the effective conservation of the environment and the responsibility of hunters with their hunting. We need to realize that hunting is not just hunting for game, but presents a wide range of other activities, such as nature conservation and preservation of the diversity of animal species, maintaining the balance of nature, control over poaching, prevention of the spread of disease, dealing with the damage caused by game and many other things.

Na podruĉju Karlovaĉke županije ustanovljeno je 76 lovišta, od ĉega 22 vlastitih lovišta (državna – vlasništvo RH) i 54 zajedniĉkih lovišta (na zemljištima raznih vlasnika). Isto tako, županija broji 75 lovišta otvorenog tipa i 1 uzgajalište divljaĉi (uzgajalište divljaĉi IV/15 Draganići). Ima 12 nizinskih lovišta, 16 nizinsko - brdskih, 54 brdska, 3 brdsko - planinska i 1 planinsko lovište, dakle ima najviše brdskih lovišta iznad 200 m nadmorske visine. Ovdje postoje dobri prirodni uvjeti za obitavanje raznih životinja pa tako i lovne divljaĉi, prevladavaju šumska staništa sa 68% ukupne površine, brojni su pašnjaci, vodene površine, a klima ima obilježja umjerene kontinentalne i planinske klime. Postoji duga tradicija organiziranog lovstva, fond divljaĉi je vrlo stabilan. Matiĉni fond planirani/ostvareni za 2012/2013. godinu je bio za jelena obiĉnog 368/383 grla, njime se gospodari kao jednom od glavnih vrsta divljaĉi u nekoliko lovišta, srnu obiĉnu 4.657/4.612, a ima je gotovo u svim karlovaĉkim lovištima, svinju divlju 1.467/1.553. Iako je divlja svinja posljednjih godina u ekspanziji u 2013. godini je došlo do poplave, stoga su zabilježena velika stradavanja ove vrste naroĉito na pomlatku. Za smeđeg medvjeda procjenjeno brojno stanje iznosi 160 jedinki, a obitava u državnim brdskim i brdsko - planinskim lovištima. Od sitne divljaĉi gospodari se sa zecom obiĉnim, fazanom, trĉkom skvržuljom iako je brojno stanje trĉke u stalnom padu. Prepelica pućpura je prolaznica, kao i šljuka bena, dok se divlja patka gluhara i liska crna uzgaja u relativno visokom broju zbog obilja vodotokova, a posebice paĉarnika u Šumbaru. S obzirom na povoljne prirodne uvjete za obitavanje i gospodarenje divljaĉi u planu je izrada Strategije lovnog i ribolovnog turizma koja bi trebala biti okosonica za dalje smjernice razvoja ove dvije znanstvene, gospodarske i turistiĉke grane., There are 76 hunting grounds established in region of Karlovac county, of which 22 are own hunting grounds (state hunting grounds – owned by the Republic Croatia) and 54 common hunting grounds (established on property owned by different owners). There are 75 open hunting grounds in Karlovac county and 1 game breeding site (game breeding site IV/15 Draganići). There are 12 lowland hunting grounds, 16 lowland - highland, 54 highland, 3 highland - mountainous and 1 mountainous hunting ground, therefore there are mostly highland hunting grounds above 200m altitude. Here are good natural conditions for habitation of various animals including game, forest habitat prevails with 68% of total area, there are numerous grasslands, water surfaces, and the climate has features of moderate continental and mountain climate. There is a long tradition of organized hunting and the game number is very stable. The main game number planned/achieved for year 2012/2013. was 368/383 for reed deer. It is managed as one of the major game species in several hunting areas. For roe deer it was 4.657/4.612, which can be found in almost every hunting ground in county. For wild boars it was 1.467/1.553 units. Even though the wild boars is in an expansion in last few years, flood occurred in 2013., therefore big casualties of this species were registered, especially of the youth. There is estimated unit number of 160 units for brown bear, which habitats in highland and highland-mountainous hunting grounds. It is managed with small game: brown hare, pheasant and gray partridge, even though the unit number of partridge is in steady decline. Common quail is pipeline, eurasian woodcock also, while wild mallard and common coot are grown in relatively high numbers because of the abundance of waterways, especially duck ponds in Šumbar. Considering all this, the Strategies of hunting and fishing tourism.

Utvrđivanje brojnosti i rasprostranjenosti pojedine životinjske vrste nužno je sa stajališta više znanstvenih grana, a promatrano sa stajališta lovstva i zakonska obveza. Jarebica kamenjarka glede svojih specifičnih zahtijeva za staništem, naseljava čovjeku često teško pristupačne terene obrasle raznim degradacijskim oblicima listopadnih i crnogoričnih šuma. S obzirom da se radi o širem području nastanjenosti, koji ima veće ili manje pukotine u svojoj cjelovitosti, najmanja jedinica promatranja prisutnosti je lovište. Razvoj populacije i brojnost tijekom posljednjih pedesetak godina od kada postoje podaci o brojnosti, pokazuje velika kolebanja, pa je tako nakon II. svjetskog rata brojnost procjenjivana na oko 7 000 kljunova. Sredinom osamdesetih, kamenjarka postiže svoju najveću brojnost i prema službenim podacima ona iznosi čak 35 000 kljunova. Nakon Domovinskog rata ta brojnost iznosi tek oko 10 000 kljunova, da bi posljednjih desetak godina bio zabilježen pozitivan trend razvoja. Od početka prikupljanja podataka putem Središnje lovne evidencije (SLE), podaci o stanju fonda i odstrelu, odnosno izlučenju, puno su precizniji i egzaktniji, pa je tako za posljednju lovnu godinu 2009/2010. utvrđen matični fond od 11 231 kljuna i 5 341 kljunova u odstrelu. Razlozi kolebanja brojnosti su višestruki i međusobno isprepleteni. Kao najvažniji može se apostrofirati gubitak staništa zbog smanjenja stočnog fonda i uznapredovale sukcesije šumske vegetacije na području čitavoga areala. Osim toga, na području čitavog rasprostranjena povećana je brojnost pernatih i dlakavih predatora te za kamenjarku nepovoljna prisutnost divlje svinje. Zabilježeni porast brojnosti obećavajući je, ali i obvezujući za sve lovoovlaštenike i ine stručnjake uključene u gospodarenje kamenjarkom u budućnosti., Determining the distribution and abundance of an animal species is important from the standpoint of several scientific fields. From the standpoint of hunting, and in view of the fact that partridge is on the game hunting list in the Republic of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, this is also a legal obligation. Owing to its highly specific habitat requirements, the Rock Partridge inhabits almost inaccessible terrains overgrown with various degraded forms of deciduous and coniferous forests. During the last fifty years different written sources have been used to determine partridge abundance. In the last two years, data provided by the Central Hunting Register have been considered official for the Republic of Croatia, and data provided by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry and Water Management for Bosnia and Herzegovina. The smallest unit used to determine the distribution area is the hunting ground. According to the available data, the officially determined number or the status of the parent fund in the territory of the Republic of Croatia entails 11 231 animals and a cull of 5 341 animals (table 1). In the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina the determined fund status is about 14 000 animals with a cull of 760 animals. Although these numbers are the only official statistical sources, they should nevertheless be taken with caution, particularly as regards Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to some written data, the rock partridge abundance monitored after the Second World War in the territory of the Republic of Croatia amounted to 7 000 birds. After this, the size of Rock Partridge populations gradually increased to reach 35 000 birds in the mid1980s. This was followed by an abrupt decline to only 10 000 animals, but in the last fifteen years the partridge population has been slowly increasing in numbers. The listed yearly overview can be seen in Table 1. It should be stressed that during this period, the distribution area has most probably remained almost unchanged, although some accurate documents are missing. On the other hand, the reasons for such drastic changes in the abundance, or even more importantly, in population density, are varied and mutually intertwined. The current picture of the Rock Partridge status is certainly promising; still, all leaseholders who manage the Rock Partridge and all other experts involved in this issue have an obligation to improve the picture. Vegetation succession, the lack of cattle fund, the disappearance of suitable habitats, and growing numbers of hunters are definitely factors that impede an improvement in the Rock Partridge abundance. If the goal is to increase the number in the future, they will be forced to constantly ameliorate habitat opportunities with hunting economic measures and above all, with predator control.