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Objective To investigate the prevalence of human parvovirus B19 (B19V) infection among college students, so as to provide reference for the development of blood donor screening strategies and blood supply policies. Methods From March 2023 to February 2024, blood donor samples from college students in Changchun were retrospectively analyzed using the principle of random numbers, with samples taken 1 to 3 days per month. B19V IgG/IgM were detected by ELISA, and B19V DNA and viral load were measured by real-time quantitative PCR. Results Among 1 456 blood donor samples from college students, the positive rates for B19V IgG, IgM and DNA were 11.54%, 0.34% and 2.68%, respectively. The viral load in 39 B19V DNA-positive samples ranged from 5.60×102 IU/mL to 9.10×106 IU/mL, with 28 samples (1.92%) having a viral load above 104 IU/mL. There were 11 samples (0.76%) that were positive for B19V DNA but negative for IgG/IgM. Conclusion The college students have a low prevalence of past B19V infection, but a higher risk of infections and a higer proportion of acute infections with high viral loads in individuals who are]B19V IgG negative, presenting a risk of transmission through blood transfusion. Targeted blood safety monitoring is necessary for college students to track the prevalence of B19V DNA.

Parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a human pathogen belonging to the Parvoviridae family. It is widely diffused in the population and responsible for a wide range of diseases, diverse in pathogenetic mechanisms, clinical course, and severity. B19V infects and replicates in erythroid progenitor cells (EPCs) in the bone marrow leading to their apoptosis. Moreover, it can also infect, in an abortive manner, a wide set of different cell types, normally non-permissive, and modify their normal physiology. Differences in the characteristics of virus–cell interaction may translate into different pathogenetic mechanisms and clinical outcomes. Joint involvement is a typical manifestation of B19V infection in adults. Moreover, several reports suggest, that B19V could be involved in the pathogenesis of some autoimmune rheumatologic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), systemic sclerosis (SSc), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), or vasculitis. This review provides basic information on the B19 virus, highlights characteristics of viral infection in permissive and non-permissive systems, and focuses on recent findings concerning the pathogenic role of B19V in rheumatologic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Viral infections are major causes of mortality in solid-organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and Parvovirus B19 (B19V) are among the common viral infections after transplantation and were recommended for increased screening in relevant guidelines. Therefore, the development of rapid, specific, and cost-effective diagnostic methods for EBV and B19V is of paramount importance. We applied Fluorescence of Loop Primer Upon Self-Dequenching Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (FLOS-LAMP) for the first time to develop a novel multiplex assay for the detection of EBV and B19V; the fluorophore attached to the probe are self-quenched in unbound state. After binding to the dumbbell-shaped DNA target, the fluorophore is dequenched, resulting in fluorescence development. The novel multiplex FLOS-LAMP assay was optimized by testing various ratios of primer sets. This novel assay, with great specificity, did not cross-react with the common virus. For the detection of EBV and B19V, the limits of detection could reach 969 and 798 copies/μL, respectively, and the assay could be completed within 25 min. Applying this novel assay to detect 200 clinical transplant individuals indicated that the novel assay had high specificity and good sensitivity. We developed multiplex FLOS-LAMP assay for the detection of EBV and B19V, which has the potential to become an important tool for clinical transplant patient screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parvovirus B19 (PVB19) infections are very common. Up to 60% of the adults' population is seropositive. This virus has a wide range of clinical presentation in children and in adults. In children, it most often manifests itself as erythema infectiosum. It may be asymptomatic, mildly symptomatic, or fully symptomatic. The most severe PVB19 infections concern primary infection of pregnant women and non-immunocompetent people, leading to hematological complications. We present two case reports of PVB19 infection with skin lesions that provide a closer picture of the skin lesions and symptoms occurring during this infection in adults, and our proposed diagnostic process flowchart for a patient with suspected PVB19 infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a case report of a 6-year-old girl with relapsed B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in which adoptive cell therapy was applied successfully to treat refractory human parvovirus (HPV) B19 infection. Allogenic chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy (bispecific CD19/CD22) was bridged to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) using a haploidentical paternal donor. However, HPV B19 DNAemia progressed and transfusion-related graft versus host disease occurred. After finding a third-party related donor with a better HLA match, haploidentical HPV B19-seropositive CD45RA+ depleted cells (16.5 × 106/kg) were administered and paternal TCRαβ+ depleted stem cell were retransplanted. The HPV B19 DNAemia became negative within 1 week and the reticulocyte, neutrophil, hemoglobin, and platelet counts gradually normalized. The patient remained stable during the 1-year outpatient follow-up period. Thus, our case report highlights that persistent B19 infection can lead to pancytopenia, aplastic crisis, and graft rejection and TCRαβ+ depleted haplo-HSCT is an effective means of hematopoiesis recovery. CD45RO memory T-cell therapy is the key to treating and preventing the development of refractory severe HPV B19 infection.

This study aimed to estimate the serological status and dynamic changes in the prevalence of Parvovirus B19 (PVB19) antibodies within the general population residing in the northern part of the Republic of Serbia (Province of Vojvodina) during a 16-year period. Serum samples were analyzed for Human PVB19-specific IgM and IgG antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Throughout the study period, the overall seroprevalence was 49.51%. Approximately 10% of patients exhibited a serologic profile positive for PVB19 IgM antibodies. Notably, seroprevalence varied significantly, ranging from 9.12% in the pediatric cohort (ages 1–4 years) to 65.50% in the adult demographic (40–59 years old). Seroprevalence was higher (51.88%) among women compared to men (42.50%). Immunologically naive pregnant women in the age groups 26–36 and 36–45 years had 45% (OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.31–1.00) and 52% (OR = 0.48; 95% CI: 0.24–0.94) lower odds of having negative IgM and IgG compared to those in age group 16–25 years old. Improved knowledge of the epidemiology of PVB19 may assist clinicians in the differential diagnosis of PVB19 clinical manifestations. The PVB19 detection is particularly important for monitoring individuals in risk groups such as women of reproductive age, medical staff, patients with hematological disorders, and those with immunodeficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The role of human parvovirus B19 (B19V) infection in malignant and benign lesions such as head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) and oral mucocele lesions has not been established. Herein, we examined, for the first time, the presence of B19V in HNSCCs from Iranian subjects. Methods One hundred and eight HNSCC specimens were analyzed for the presence of B19V using nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) and TaqMan quantitative PCR assays. Immunohistochemistry procedures were performed to evaluate the expression of B19V VP1/VP2 proteins, p16INK4a, and NF-κB in tumor tissues and their adjacent non-tumor tissues. In addition, 40 oral mucocele, 30 oral buccal mucosa swabs, and 30 nasopharyngeal swabs obtained from healthy adults were analyzed as controls. Results B19V DNA was detected in 36.1% of HNSCCs. Further, 23.3% of HNSCC specimens showed immunoreactivity against B19V VP1/VP2 proteins. There was a significant difference in the frequency of B19V DNA-positive cases between the patient and control groups (p

Parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a human pathogen belonging to the Parvoviridae family. It is widely diffused in the population and responsible for a wide range of diseases, diverse in pathogenetic mechanisms, clinical course, and severity. B19V infects and replicates in erythroid progenitor cells (EPCs) in the bone marrow leading to their apoptosis. Moreover, it can also infect, in an abortive manner, a wide set of different cell types, normally non-permissive, and modify their normal physiology. Differences in the characteristics of virus–cell interaction may translate into different pathogenetic mechanisms and clinical outcomes. Joint involvement is a typical manifestation of B19V infection in adults. Moreover, several reports suggest, that B19V could be involved in the pathogenesis of some autoimmune rheumatologic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), systemic sclerosis (SSc), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), or vasculitis. This review provides basic information on the B19 virus, highlights characteristics of viral infection in permissive and non-permissive systems, and focuses on recent findings concerning the pathogenic role of B19V in rheumatologic diseases.

Parvovirus B19 infection is associated with a wide range of clinical manifestations, from asymptomatic to severe neurological disorders. Its major clinical symptoms, fever and rash, are common to multiple viruses, and laboratory tests to detect B19 are frequently not available. Thus, the impact of B19 on public health remains unclear. We report the case of a 38-day old girl admitted to São Paulo Clinical Hospital, Brazil, with an initial diagnosis of bacterial meningitis, seizures, and acute hydrocephalus. Antibiotic therapy was maintained for one week after admission and discontinued after negative laboratory results were obtained. Nine days after symptoms onset, a cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) sample revealed persistent pleocytosis. The complete B19 complete genome was subsequently identified in her CSF by a metagenomic next-generation sequencing approach. This report highlights the possible involvement of B19 in the occurrence of acute neurological manifestations and emphasizes that its possible involvement might be better revealed by the use of metagenomic technology to detect viral agents in clinical situations of unknown or uncertain etiology.

Objective To investigate the infection of human parvovirus B19 in Suzhou voluntary blood donors under the current blood screening model. Methods A total of 893 blood donor samples from September to December 2022 were randomly collected. Samples were tested to determine the seroprevalence (anti-B19 IgG and IgM) of B19 antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), and B19 DNA of positive samples was further detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR) assay. Results Among 893 samples, the total seroprevalence of B19 antibody was 20.7% (185/893), with anti-B19 IgG and IgM positive rate at 19.4% (173/893) and 1.9% (17/893), respectively, showing significant difference (P0.05). The prevalence of anti-B19 IgG statistically increased with age (P0.05). No statistical difference was not found in anti-B19 IgG and IgM samples among different blood groups. The anti-B19 IgG in repeated blood donors was higher than that in first-time donors(21.5% vs 15.9%)(P0.05). Three cases were found to be positive for B19 DNA in the B19 antibody positive samples, with the positive rate at 1.6%(3/185). Conclusion Although the prevalence of B19 infection in Suzhou was lower than that in other areas and was mostly past infection, there was still a certain proportion of persistent infection and acute infection, which posed the potential risk of blood transfusion transmission. Therefore, attention should be paid to blood transfusions, especially for the high-risk and susceptible groups.

At present, many infectious pathogens, especially emerging/re-emerging pathogens, exist in the blood of voluntary blood donors and may be transmitted through blood transfusions. However, most of Chinese blood centers only routinely screen for HBV, HCV, HIV, and syphilis. We employed metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) to investigate the microbiome in healthy voluntary blood donors to help assess blood safety in China by identifying infectious pathogens presented in donations that could lead to transfusion-acquired infections. We collected 10,720 plasma samples from voluntary blood donors from seven blood centers in different cities during 2012–2018 in China. A total of 562 GB of clean data was obtained. By analyzing the sequencing data, it was found that the most commonly identified bacteria found in the healthy blood were Serratia spp. (5.0176%), Pseudomonas spp. (0.6637%), and Burkholderia spp. (0.5544%). The principal eukaryote were Leishmania spp (1.3723%), Toxoplasma gondii (0.6352%), and Candida dubliniensis (0.1848%). Among viruses, Human Parvovirus B19 (B19V) accounts for the highest proportion (0.1490%), followed by Torque teno midi virus (0.0032%) and Torque teno virus (0.0015%). Since that B19V is a non-negligible threat to blood safety, we evaluated the positive samples for B19V tested by mNGS using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Sanger sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis to achieve a better understanding of B19V in Chinese blood donors. Subsequently, 9 (0.07%) donations were positive for B19V DNA. The quantitative DNA levels ranged from 5.58 × 102 to 7.24 × 104 IU/ml. The phylogenic analyses showed that prevalent genotypes belonged to the B19-1A subtype, which disclosed previously unknown regional variability in the B19V positivity rate. The investigation revealed that many microbes dwell in the blood of healthy donors, including some pathogens that may be dormant in the blood and only cause disease under specific conditions. Thus, investigating the range and nature of potential pathogens in the qualified donations provided a framework for targeted interventions to help prevent emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases.

Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) has a wide clinical spectrum, ranging from an asymptomatic infection to a life threatening one. During pregnancy, it can lead to fetal loss and hydrops fetalis. This retrospective study examined the incidence rates of B19V in Israel, analyzing anonymized electronic medical records of 2.7 million individuals between January 2015 and September 2023. A generalized linear model with a Poisson distribution was fit to the data, adjusting for potential confounders. A marked increase in B19V was observed in 2023, with an adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 6.6 (95% CI 6.33–6.89) when comparing 2023 to previous years. When specifically comparing 2023 to COVID-19 years (2020–2022), adjusted IRR climbs to 9.21 (8.66–9.80). Moreover, in 2023, previously existing seasonality has largely disappeared. High SES characterized most infected individuals with a marked discrepancy in social sectors; the Arab population was significantly less likely to be found B19V positive, even when adjusting for SES. Most infections occurred in school-aged children (6–11 years old). Pregnant women experienced the most significant rise in B19V, with an adjusted IRR of 11.47 (9.44–13.97) in 2023 compared to previous years; most cases were diagnosed in the first trimester. This study demonstrates that Israel is currently experiencing the largest and longest reported outbreak of B19V to date. Policymakers should consider setting screening policies in place, at least for populations at risk, while specifically studying and potentially targeting low socioeconomic populations and specific social sectors to avoid health inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The role of human parvovirus B19 (B19V) infection in malignant and benign lesions such as head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) and oral mucocele lesions has not been established. Herein, we examined, for the first time, the presence of B19V in HNSCCs from Iranian subjects. Methods: One hundred and eight HNSCC specimens were analyzed for the presence of B19V using nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) and TaqMan quantitative PCR assays. Immunohistochemistry procedures were performed to evaluate the expression of B19V VP1/VP2 proteins, p16INK4a, and NF-κB in tumor tissues and their adjacent non-tumor tissues. In addition, 40 oral mucocele, 30 oral buccal mucosa swabs, and 30 nasopharyngeal swabs obtained from healthy adults were analyzed as controls. Results: B19V DNA was detected in 36.1% of HNSCCs. Further, 23.3% of HNSCC specimens showed immunoreactivity against B19V VP1/VP2 proteins. There was a significant difference in the frequency of B19V DNA-positive cases between the patient and control groups (p < 0.0001). Moreover, comparing tumoral tissues and their adjacent non-tumor tissues in terms of immunoreactivity against B19V structural proteins, a significant association was found between tumor tissues and B19V infection (p < 0.0001). Finally, investigating the simultaneous presence of B19V and high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) DNA, we found a significant association between these two viral infections in HNSCCs (p = 0.031). Conclusions: To sum up, B19V was frequently present in HNSCC tissues of Iranian patients but mostly absent in the adjacent non-tumor tissues as well as oral mucocele lesions, buccal, and nasopharyngeal swabs of healthy subjects. HPV possibly contributes to B19V persistence in HNSCC tissues. Additional research is required to investigate potential etiological or cofactor roles of B19V in the development of HNSCCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RationaleHuman parvovirus B19 (B19) infection can produce a spectrum of clinical syndromes, including neurological manifestations, most notably encephalitis. Although symptoms suggestive of autoimmune disease in patients with B19 infection have been previously described, a clear association of autoimmune encephalitis with B19 infection has yet to be established.Patient concernsWe describe the case of a 6-year-old boy who was hospitalized due to status epilepticus, which evolved to super-refractory status epilepticus that was only mildly responsive to anticonvulsant drugs.DiagnosisA cerebrospinal fluid study identified slight pleocytosis and B19 positivity. A subsequent autoimmunity cerebrospinal fluid study revealed the presence of anti-γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor antibodies.InterventionsAfter pulse therapy with methylprednisolone and continuous therapy with prednisolone with cyclosporine, the patient experiencing seizure persistence with disordered motor function manifestations and only minor improvement in consciousness, and so, plasmapheresis was performed. With continued immunosuppressive treatments with cyclosporine and prednisolone, the patient's clinical picture showed progressive improvement, with good control of seizures. Although the patient tolerated withdrawal of the anticonvulsant drugs well, he developed seizures when corticosteroid therapy withdrawal was attempted, so was started on azathioprine.OutcomesAfter immunosuppressive therapy, the patient evolved with complete remission of symptoms, normal neurological examination and age-appropriate neuropsychomotor development.LessonsThe present case characteristics, together with previous findings, support the hypothesis that autoimmunity may be triggered by extensive antigen release due to degeneration of infected neurons. This case highlights the importance of early clinical suspicion and treatment.

Objective To evaluate the viability of nucleic acid test(NAT) of human parvovirus B19 (HPV B19), hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) along with routine NAT for voluntary blood donors, and to analyze HPV B19, HAV and HEV prevalence in Nantong, so as to provide reference for rational blood screening programs. Methods HPV B19 DNA, HAV RNA and HEV RNA of blood donors in Nantong from November 2021 to May 2022 were detected using NAT, and serological antibody testing was performed on NAT reactive samples. Results Three HPV B19 DNA was yielded out of 3 440 blood donors, with a positive rate of 0.09%, among which 2 were negative for HPV B19-IgM and 1 was undetermined due to insufficient sample size. HAV RNA and HEV RNA were not detected in 3 440 blood donors. HPV B19, HAV, and HEV NAT were conducted simultaneously with routine HBV, HCV and HIV screening, prolonging the test reports by 20 minutes. Conclusion Although the HPV B19 DNA, HAV RNA and HEV RNA prevalence among voluntary blood donors in Nantong is low, the risk of transfusion transmitted infection still exsits and can be reduced by NAT.

Abstract Background Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a multifactorial disease with an unexplained aetiology in which viral infections are possible trigger factors. The aim of this study was to determine the involvement of human herpesvirus (HHV)-6A/B, HHV-7, and parvovirus B19 (B19V) in the etiopathogenesis of ME/CFS. Methods 200 patients with clinically diagnosed ME/CFS and 150 apparently healthy individuals were enrolled in this study. Single-round, nested, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were used to detect the presence and load of HHV-6A/B, HHV-7, and B19V. HHV-6A and HHV-6B were distinguished by PCR and restriction analysis. Immunoenzymatic assays were applied to estimate the presence of virus-specific antibodies and the level of cytokines. Results HHV-6A/B, HHV-7, and B19V specific antibodies were detected among patients and healthy individuals in 92.1% and 76.7%, 84.6% and 93.8%, and 78% and 67.4% of cases. HHV-6B had 99% of HHV-6 positive patients. Latent HHV-6A/B, HHV-7, and B19V infection/co-infection was observed in 51.5% of the patients and 76.7% of the healthy individuals, whereas active–45% of the ME/CFS patients and 8.7% of healthy individuals. HHV-6A/B load in patients with a persistent infection/co-infection in a latent and active phase was 262 and 653.2 copies/106 cells, whereas HHV-7 load was 166.5 and 248.5 copies/106 cells, and B19V-96.8 and 250.8 copies/106 cells, respectively. ME/CFS patients with persistent infection in an active phase had a higher level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin(IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α) and IL-12) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) than with a persistent infection in a latent phase. A significant difference was revealed in the levels of TNF-α, IL-12, and IL-10 among the patient groups without infection, with latent infection/co-infection, active single, double and triple co-infection. The levels of TNF-α, IL-12, and IL-10 are significantly higher in patients with severe compared with a moderate course of ME/CFS. Conclusions Significantly more persistent HHV-6A/B, HHV-7, and B19V infection/co-infection in an active phase with a higher viral load and elevated levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines among patients with ME/CFS than healthy individuals indicate the importance of these infections/co-infections in ME/CFS development. The presence of these infections/co-infections influences the ME/CFS clinical course severity.

Background: Human Parvovirus B19 (PB19) is a single-stranded DNA virus. Septic shock from viremia is rare with PB19; however, this infection can progress to lifethreatening conditions. We report the first case of severe septic shock associated with a PB19 infection after cardiac surgery. Case Presentation: A 50-year-old Chinese woman received elective double metal valve replacement, including the aortic valve and the mitral valve, under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and suffered severe septic shock on postoperative day (PD) 30. Through the detection of PB19-specific nucleic acids in blister fluid and serum samples via metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), positive serum PB19 IgM and no other proven infection, acute PB19 infection was confirmed. After five days of combined treatment, no further fever or abdominal discomfort was noted, and the patient's circulation gradually became stable without vasoactive medications. Conclusion: PB19 may be an unrecognized cause of septic shock, rash, fever of unknown origin or multiple systemic signs and symptoms, especially in immunosuppressed and immunocompetent critically ill patients. Investigations for viral aetiology are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human parvovirus B19 is a viral pathogen that causes acute and usually self-limiting disease. Because the B19 virus predicates erythroid progenitor cells, it can cause a transient aplastic crisis in immunocompromised individuals. This infection has been associated with nonimmunologic fetal hydrops during pregnancy; also, B19 can persist for months in immunocompromised individuals. In B19 infection, viremia with a high titer is observed for approximately one week. After that, a specific immune response is critical to control the infection. Although molecular and serologic tests commonly diagnose the B19 virus, laboratory diagnostic tests have limitations. For the detection of human parvovirus B19, an inexpensive, effective, and rapid biosensor may be considered as an alternative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to estimate the serological status and dynamic changes in the prevalence of Parvovirus B19 (PVB19) antibodies within the general population residing in the northern part of the Republic of Serbia (Province of Vojvodina) during a 16-year period. Serum samples were analyzed for Human PVB19-specific IgM and IgG antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Throughout the study period, the overall seroprevalence was 49.51%. Approximately 10% of patients exhibited a serologic profile positive for PVB19 IgM antibodies. Notably, seroprevalence varied significantly, ranging from 9.12% in the pediatric cohort (ages 1–4 years) to 65.50% in the adult demographic (40–59 years old). Seroprevalence was higher (51.88%) among women compared to men (42.50%). Immunologically naive pregnant women in the age groups 26–36 and 36–45 years had 45% (OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.31–1.00) and 52% (OR = 0.48; 95% CI: 0.24–0.94) lower odds of having negative IgM and IgG compared to those in age group 16–25 years old. Improved knowledge of the epidemiology of PVB19 may assist clinicians in the differential diagnosis of PVB19 clinical manifestations. The PVB19 detection is particularly important for monitoring individuals in risk groups such as women of reproductive age, medical staff, patients with hematological disorders, and those with immunodeficiency.

B19 virus (B19V) is a pathogenic human parvovirus that infects erythroid progenitor cells. Because there are limited in vitro culture systems to propagate this virus, little is known about the molecular mechanisms by which it propagates in cells. In this study, we introduced a HiBiT peptide tag into various loops of VP2 located on the surface of B19V particles and evaluated their ability to form virus-like particles (VLPs). Three independent sites were identified as permissive sites for peptide tag insertion without affecting VLP formation. When the HiBiT tag was introduced into B19V clones (pB19-M20) and transfected into a semipermissive erythroleukemia cell line (UT7/Epo-S1), HiBiT-dependent luciferase activities (HiBiT activities) increased depending on helicase activity of viral NS1. Furthermore, we used a GFP11 tag-split system to visualize VLPs in the GFP1-10-expressing live cells. Time-lapse imaging of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled VLPs revealed that nuclear VLPs were translocated into the cytoplasm only after cell division, suggesting that the breakdown of the nuclear envelope during mitosis contributes to VLP nuclear export. Moreover, HiBiT activities of culture supernatants were dependent on the presence of a detergent, and the released VLPs were associated with extracellular vesicles, as observed under electron microscopy. Treatment with an antimitotic agent (nocodazole) enhanced the release of VLPs. These results suggest that the virions accumulated in the cytoplasm are constitutively released from the cell as membrane-coated vesicles. These properties are likely responsible for viral escape from host immune responses and enhance membrane fusion-mediated transmission. IMPORTANCE Parvovirus particles are expected to be applied as nanoparticles in drug delivery systems. However, little is known about how nuclear-assembled B19 virus (B19V) virions are released from host cells. This study provides evidence of mitosis-dependent nuclear export of B19V and extracellular vesicle-mediated virion release. Moreover, this study provides methods for modifying particle surfaces with various exogenous factors and contributes to the development of fine nanoparticles with novel valuable functions. The pB19-M20 plasmid expressing HiBiTtagged VP2 is a novel tool to easily quantify VP2 expression. Furthermore, this system can be applied in high-throughput screening of reagents that affect VP2 expression, which might be associated with viral propagation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a multifactorial disease with an unexplained aetiology in which viral infections are possible trigger factors. The aim of this study was to determine the involvement of human herpesvirus (HHV)-6A/B, HHV-7, and parvovirus B19 (B19V) in the etiopathogenesis of ME/CFS. Methods: 200 patients with clinically diagnosed ME/CFS and 150 apparently healthy individuals were enrolled in this study. Single-round, nested, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were used to detect the presence and load of HHV-6A/B, HHV-7, and B19V. HHV-6A and HHV-6B were distinguished by PCR and restriction analysis. Immunoenzymatic assays were applied to estimate the presence of virus-specific antibodies and the level of cytokines. Results: HHV-6A/B, HHV-7, and B19V specific antibodies were detected among patients and healthy individuals in 92.1% and 76.7%, 84.6% and 93.8%, and 78% and 67.4% of cases. HHV-6B had 99% of HHV-6 positive patients. Latent HHV-6A/B, HHV-7, and B19V infection/co-infection was observed in 51.5% of the patients and 76.7% of the healthy individuals, whereas active–45% of the ME/CFS patients and 8.7% of healthy individuals. HHV-6A/B load in patients with a persistent infection/co-infection in a latent and active phase was 262 and 653.2 copies/106 cells, whereas HHV-7 load was 166.5 and 248.5 copies/106 cells, and B19V-96.8 and 250.8 copies/106 cells, respectively. ME/CFS patients with persistent infection in an active phase had a higher level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin(IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α) and IL-12) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) than with a persistent infection in a latent phase. A significant difference was revealed in the levels of TNF-α, IL-12, and IL-10 among the patient groups without infection, with latent infection/co-infection, active single, double and triple co-infection. The levels of TNF-α, IL-12, and IL-10 are significantly higher in patients with severe compared with a moderate course of ME/CFS. Conclusions: Significantly more persistent HHV-6A/B, HHV-7, and B19V infection/co-infection in an active phase with a higher viral load and elevated levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines among patients with ME/CFS than healthy individuals indicate the importance of these infections/co-infections in ME/CFS development. The presence of these infections/co-infections influences the ME/CFS clinical course severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Human parvovirus B19 (HPV B19) is a single-stranded DNA virus. The detection rate of HPV B19 in the blood of healthy blood donors using PCR technology was reported to be 6.323/100000. However, that among hospitalized patients suspected of being infected with a pathogenic microorganism is unknown. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 2,182 high-throughput NGS results for 1,484 inpatients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2020 to October 2021 who were suspected of being infected with a pathogenic microorganism, as well as on clinical data of some HPV B19-positive patients. Results: Human parvovirus B19 was detected in 39 samples from 33 patients. The positivity rate was 2.22% among patients and 1.78% among samples. HPV B19 was detected in 20 cerebrospinal fluid samples, 13 blood samples, 3 alveolar lavage fluid samples, 2 tissue samples, and 1 throat swab. Based on clinical symptoms and NGS results, 16 patients were diagnosed with HPV B19 infection. The number of HPV B19 sequences in these patients was greater than 6, and the patients showed common symptoms such as fever (14 cases), anemia (11 cases), and severe nervous system symptoms such as meningoencephalitis (9 cases) and Guillain--Barré syndrome with peripheral motor and sensory nerve axon damage (4 cases). All 16 patients had experienced events likely to lead to decreased immunity (11 had a history of trauma/surgery/major disease, 4 had a history of precursor infection, and 3 had used immunosuppressants) and 7 had a history of blood transfusion during hospitalization. After treatment with antiviral drugs (12 cases) and intravenous human immunoglobulin (3 cases), of the 16 patients, 14 patients improved. Conclusion: The HPV B19 infection rate in hospitalized patients suspected of microbial infection was 2.22%. Most patients with HPV B19 infection had a history of low immunity and blood transfusion. HPV B19 could be detected in various bodily fluids and tissues (especially cerebrospinal fluid) using NGS. Patients with severe HPV B19 infection may have nervous system damage such as Guillain--Barré syndrome and meningoencephalitis. Early diagnosis using NGS and treatment with antiviral drugs and immunoglobulin can improve prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Infection with human parvovirus B19 (PB19) is very common in pediatric patients. Symptoms and signs depend on the infected patient’s immune and hematopoietic status and can range from an asymptomatic condition to life-threatening disease. Case presentation A 69-year-old man received elective mitral valvular replacement and tricuspid valvuloplasty under cardiopulmonary bypass and suffered acute respiratory distress syndrome on postoperative day 8. Through the detection of positive serum IgM and human PB19-specific nucleic acids in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid via metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), acute human PB19 infection was confirmed. The patient was ventilated and the pulmonary infiltration was attenuated six days later. Conclusion A combination of serum human PB19 DNA by mNGS and positive serum human PB19 IgM could provide higher diagnostic sensitivity for acute human PB19 infection. The method of mNGS may be a new choice for detecting rare or atypical pathogens in severe complicated pneumonia. The infection of human PB19 was possibly self-limited.

Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) has a wide clinical spectrum, ranging from an asymptomatic infection to a life threatening one. During pregnancy, it can lead to fetal loss and hydrops fetalis. This retrospective study examined the incidence rates of B19V in Israel, analyzing anonymized electronic medical records of 2.7 million individuals between January 2015 and September 2023. A generalized linear model with a Poisson distribution was fit to the data, adjusting for potential confounders. A marked increase in B19V was observed in 2023, with an adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 6.6 (95% CI 6.33–6.89) when comparing 2023 to previous years. When specifically comparing 2023 to COVID-19 years (2020–2022), adjusted IRR climbs to 9.21 (8.66–9.80). Moreover, in 2023, previously existing seasonality has largely disappeared. High SES characterized most infected individuals with a marked discrepancy in social sectors; the Arab population was significantly less likely to be found B19V positive, even when adjusting for SES. Most infections occurred in school-aged children (6–11 years old). Pregnant women experienced the most significant rise in B19V, with an adjusted IRR of 11.47 (9.44–13.97) in 2023 compared to previous years; most cases were diagnosed in the first trimester. This study demonstrates that Israel is currently experiencing the largest and longest reported outbreak of B19V to date. Policymakers should consider setting screening policies in place, at least for populations at risk, while specifically studying and potentially targeting low socioeconomic populations and specific social sectors to avoid health inequalities.

Objective To analyze the current situation of human parvovirus B19 infection in blood donors in different regions of China, so as to provide basis for formulating reasonable screening programs of B19 virus for blood donors in various cities and regions. Methods The literatures related to human parvovirus B19 infection in whole blood and plasma donors published from 1998 to 2021 were searched in the database, and meta-analysis of literatures that satisfied the inclusion criteria was conducted by R4.1.0 software. Results A total of 35 literatures were obtained, 20 literatures involving 56 846 blood donor samples and 8 literatures involving 1 608 pooled raw plasma samples were subjected to Meta analysis of the positive rates of B19 DNA; 17 literatures involving 12 308 blood sample were subjected to the Meta analysis of the positive rate of B19 IgG antibody.The positive rates of B19 DNA in blood donors(I2=96%, τ2=0.026 0, P

Infection of human parvovirus B19 (B19V) can cause a variety of diseases, such as hydrops fetalis, erythema infectiosum in children and acute arthropathy in women. Although B19V infection mainly occurs during childhood, about 50 % of adults are still susceptible to B19V infection. As the major replication protein of B19V, deletion of NS1 completely abolishes the infectivity of the virus. The nuclease domain of NS1 (NS1_Nuc) is responsible for DNA Ori binding and nicking that is critical for B19V viral DNA replication. NS1 has various variants, the structure and function for the majority of the variants are poorly studied. Here, we report two high-resolution crystal structures of NS1_Nuc, revealed the detailed conformations of many key residues. Structural comparison indicates that these residues are important for ssDNA or dsDNA binding by NS1. NS1 belongs to the HUH-endonuclease superfamily and it shares conserved ssDNA cleavage mechanism with other HUH-endonuclease members. However, our structural analyses, mutagenesis and in vitro assay results all suggested that NS1_Nuc utilizes one unique model in ssDNA binding.

There has been a surge in the interest to utilize plants as hosts for producing vaccine antigens. In this study, we demonstrated the successful expression of the human parvovirus B19 (B19V) capsid protein (VP2) in Nicotiana benthamiana cells. The B19V VP1 and VP2 genes were cloned under the control of estrogen-inducible promoters and transiently expressed in N. benthamiana leaves using the agroinfiltration method. The addition of estrogen significantly boosted the expression of VP2. Furthermore, codon optimization of the VP2 sequence resulted in over a 30-fold increase in its expression compared with that of the wild-type. Analysis of negatively stained samples by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation and electron microscopy revealed that the expressed VP2 proteins formed spherical particles with diameters of approximately 20 nm. Immunostaining analysis of protoplasts derived from VP2-expressing N. benthamiana leaves indicated that VP2 signals were predominantly localized in the cytoplasm. These findings strongly suggested that B19V VP2 assembles and formed virus-like particles (VLPs) within the cytoplasm of N. benthamiana cells, presenting a promising method for producing B19V VLPs in plant systems., Competing Interests: Competing interests HS, TN, and HE are the employees of BIKEN. The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Non-immune hydrops fetalis represents a diagnostic challenge in high-risk pregnant women. Vertical infection with human parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a possible cause. National guidelines propose maternal serologic screening (IgG/IgM), which may be insufficient in some situations. We report a case of vertical B19V infection with difficulties in prenatal diagnosis. Preterm newborn, normal weight (2950 g), born to a 30-year-old mother with anemia and hydrops fetalis (week 17). Cardiac, chromosomal, isoimmunization-Rh, and usual infectious causes (TORCH) were ruled out. Maternal serology for B19V showed IgG+ and IgM-, and the diagnosis was dismissed. The newborn presented abdominal distension (ascites), anemia, and jaundice. Postnatal results confirmed the diagnosis with DNA+ for B19V. Discharge at 17 days with good evolution. The protocol for B19V screening in vertical infection needs to be revised by incorporating early molecular studies (PCR) from the early stages of gestation to optimize the diagnosis and treatment of patients with this congenital infection., (Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría.)

Background and Objectives: Parvovirus B19 (B19V) is usually transmitted through respiratory tract, but can also be received through blood transfusion. This study evaluated the seroprevalence, DNA existence, and circulating genotypes of B19V in hemophilia patients. Materials and Methods: Serum samples of cases and controls were analyzed for B19V using ELISA and real-time PCR. Finally, obtained sequences were used for genotyping. Results: Among cases, 3% were anti-B19V IgM positive and 47% were anti-B19V IgG positive and B19V DNA was detected in 16% of them. However, among controls, 38% were anti-B19V IgG positive (P>0.05) and 5% were B19V DNA positive (P= 0.019). Also ~13% of cases were positive and all of controls were negative for IgG avidity test (P= 0.029). Viral load in case group was higher than control group (P = 0.037). Conclusion: Since hemophilia patients receive large amounts of blood factors, prevalence of B19V in these patients might be higher than normal subjects.- [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yedong Yu,1 Ruijie Bao,1 Junhao Lyu,1– 4 Jianyong Wu,1– 4 Jianghua Chen,1– 4 Wenhan Peng1– 4 1Department of Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Key Laboratory of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health of China, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 4Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Wenhan PengKidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 571-87236871Email 1198027@zju.edu.cnBackground: Parvovirus B19-associated pure red cell aplasia (PVB19-PRCA) is an uncommon but serious complication after kidney transplantation. Currently, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is preferred as the first-line treatment for PVB19-PRCA, but presents with disadvantages of disease recurrence and expensive cost. In this context, we propose that foscarnet therapy for kidney transplantation recipients (KTR) with PVB19-PRCA may be an alternative scenario. No related study has been reported, and we performed this study to assess the efficacy and safety of foscarnet for PVB19-associated PRCA in KTR.Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of PVB19-PRCA in KTR at our center over 9-year period. The data on therapy and outcomes in all cases treated with foscarnet are detailed records and summarized.Results: Among our 68 patients, PVB19-PRCA was confirmed in 50 based on inclusion/exclusion criteria. All patients presented with refractory anemia and low reticulocyte percentage (< 0.5%), the mean hemoglobin of patients was 79.8± 12.6g/L at the time of PVB19-PRCA was identified. The median serum genome copy number of parvovirus B19 at diagnosis was 9.6 log10 copies per milliliter. A total of 11 patients received foscarnet therapy, of 10 patients responded well to the treatment and maintained no recurrence. But 1 patient had a poor response to foscarnet therapy. Except for this patient, the mean hemoglobin level gradually increased from 68.5± 9.3 g/L to 73.2± 8.8 g/L, and the mean percentage of reticulocytes steadily increased from 0.1± 0.0% to 7.6± 2.9% after foscarnet therapy. The median serum genome copy number of parvovirus B19 decreased from 9.8 log10 to 6.1 log10 copies per milliliter. There was no significant difference (P=0.61, 0.60) in serum creatinine and glomerular filtration rate before and after foscarnet treatment. At the latest follow-up, the mean hemoglobin was 131.5± 12.5 g/L and the hemoglobin correction occurred in all patients.Conclusion: Foscarnet therapy doesn’t seem to be worse than IVIG for PVB19-PRCA in KTR, and it can be an alternative option.Keywords: human parvovirus B19, pure red cell aplasia, foscarnet therapy, kidney transplantation

Background and Objectives: Parvovirus B19 (B19V) is usually transmitted through respiratory tract, but can also be received through blood transfusion. This study evaluated the seroprevalence, DNA existence, and circulating genotypes of B19V in hemophilia patients. Materials and Methods: Serum samples of cases and controls were analyzed for B19V using ELISA and real-time PCR. Finally, obtained sequences were used for genotyping. Results: Among cases, 3% were anti-B19V IgM positive and 47% were anti-B19V IgG positive and B19V DNA was detected in 16% of them. However, among controls, 38% were anti-B19V IgG positive (P>0.05) and 5% were B19V DNA positive (P= 0.019). Also ~13% of cases were positive and all of controls were negative for IgG avidity test (P= 0.029). Viral load in case group was higher than control group (P = 0.037). Conclusion: Since hemophilia patients receive large amounts of blood factors, prevalence of B19V in these patients might be higher than normal subjects.

Background: Parvovirus B19 is a human pathogenic virus associated with a wide range of clinical conditions. During pregnancy congenital infection with parvovirus B19 can be associated with poor outcome, including miscarriage, fetal anemia and non-immune hydrops. Objective: The study aimed to determine the prevalenceof Parvovirus B19 DNA in pregnant women attending the Military hospital in Khartoum, demonstrating the association between the virus and poor pregnancy outcomes. Subjects and methods: This study was a cross sectional study, testing pregnant Sudanese women whole blood samples (n= 97) for the presence of Parvovirus B19 DNA using nested PCR technique. Result: Two samples were found positive for Parvovirus B19 DNA out of the total number of samples screened. Conclusions: The prevalence of Parvovirus B19 DNA among pregnant women attending the Military hospital was 2.1%.

• RT-PCR plays an important role in the diagnosis of Parvovirus B19. • Parvovirus B19 DNA and IgM together appear to be a better method for diagnosis. • RT-PCR is recommended in patients with immunosuppression or chronic disease. Parvovirus B19(B19) is a DNA virus. The most common B19 disease is erythema infectiosum (fifth-disease). PCR and ELISA are sensitive for detecting of acute disease. However, it is not clear which test better and the relationship between laboratory tests and clinical findings. To discuss the clinical and laboratory characteristics of pediatric patients infected with B19. 236 children were examined. Children with at least one positive molecular or serological test were included. Positive serum B19-DNA and/or B19-IgM was considered an acute B19 infection. B19DNA was detected in 80.8 % of acute cases. Serological tests were less positive. Acute B19 infection was observed in 24 patients. Only 17 patients were positive for B19 DNA, 3 for IgM and 4 for both. The sensitivity of B19 DNA is 87.5 %. However, this rate is 29.2 % for B19 IgM. B19-DNA and IgM together provide a better, highly accurate diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Persistent B19 infection can lead to aplastic crisis and graft rejection. • TCRαβ-depleted HSCT can treat secondary graft rejection. • The third-party CD45RA+ depleted adoptive cell therapy is an effective treatment. This is a case report of a 6-year-old girl with relapsed B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in which adoptive cell therapy was applied successfully to treat refractory human parvovirus (HPV) B19 infection. Allogenic chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy (bispecific CD19/CD22) was bridged to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) using a haploidentical paternal donor. However, HPV B19 DNAemia progressed and transfusion-related graft versus host disease occurred. After finding a third-party related donor with a better HLA match, haploidentical HPV B19-seropositive CD45RA+ depleted cells (16.5 × 106/kg) were administered and paternal TCRαβ+ depleted stem cell were retransplanted. The HPV B19 DNAemia became negative within 1 week and the reticulocyte, neutrophil, hemoglobin, and platelet counts gradually normalized. The patient remained stable during the 1-year outpatient follow-up period. Thus, our case report highlights that persistent B19 infection can lead to pancytopenia, aplastic crisis, and graft rejection and TCRαβ+ depleted haplo-HSCT is an effective means of hematopoiesis recovery. CD45RO memory T-cell therapy is the key to treating and preventing the development of refractory severe HPV B19 infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new structures of the N-terminal domain of the main replication protein, NS1, of human parvovirus B19 (B19V) are presented here. This domain (NS1-nuc) plays an important role in the "rolling hairpin" replication of the single-stranded B19V DNA genome, recognizing origin of replication sequences in double-stranded DNA, and cleaving (i.e., nicking) single-stranded DNA at a nearby site known as the terminal resolution site (trs). The three-dimensional structure of NS1-nuc is well conserved between the two forms, as well as with a previously solved structure of a sequence variant of the same domain; however, it is shown here at a significantly higher resolution (2.4 Å). Using structures of NS1-nuc homologues bound to single- and double-stranded DNA, models for DNA recognition and nicking by B19V NS1-nuc are presented that predict residues important for DNA cleavage and for sequence-specific recognition at the viral origin of replication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Infection with human parvovirus B19 (PB19) is very common in pediatric patients. Symptoms and signs depend on the infected patient's immune and hematopoietic status and can range from an asymptomatic condition to life-threatening disease. Case presentation: A 69-year-old man received elective mitral valvular replacement and tricuspid valvuloplasty under cardiopulmonary bypass and suffered acute respiratory distress syndrome on postoperative day 8. Through the detection of positive serum IgM and human PB19-specific nucleic acids in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid via metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), acute human PB19 infection was confirmed. The patient was ventilated and the pulmonary infiltration was attenuated six days later. Conclusion: A combination of serum human PB19 DNA by mNGS and positive serum human PB19 IgM could provide higher diagnostic sensitivity for acute human PB19 infection. The method of mNGS may be a new choice for detecting rare or atypical pathogens in severe complicated pneumonia. The infection of human PB19 was possibly self-limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most prevalent form of thyroid cancer. In some studies, parvovirus B19 (PVB19) infection was involved in the pathogenesis of thyroid diseases such as Graves’ disease, Hashimoto thyroiditis, and thyroid cancer. PVB19 induces chronic inflammation in thyroid, which can lead to carcinogenesis through the effect of inflammatory mediators. The association of PVB19 with PTC tumorigenesis is still a matter of controversy. We evaluated the correlation of PVB19 with PTC and, for the first time, pathologic features. Method: This cross-sectional retrospective study focused on the thyroid specimens of 82 patients with PTC and 77 patients with benign thyroid nodules. We conducted the present study from March 2014 to November 2017 in the hospitals affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. We evaluated the presence of PVB19 DNA by nested polymerase chain reaction method in PTC, adjacent non-malignant tissues, and benign thyroid nodules. PVB19 positivity was also compared between PTC and two other groups. We further investigated the association of pathologic features and tumor staging with PVB19 positivity. Results: Of the patients, 81% were female. We detected PVB19 positivity in 9.8% of PTC specimens and 0.01 of adjacent non-malignant tissues (P=0.016). None of the benign thyroid nodule specimens had PVB19 DNA, and they were significantly different from PTC specimens (P=0.007). There was no significant correlation between PVB19 positivity and tumor stages (P=0.988) and histologic types (P=0.560). Conclusion: This research, similar to some other studies, showed a significant association between PTC and PVB19 positivity. For the first time, we showed that no significant relationship existed between PVB19 positivity and tumor stages and histologic types. Further investigations are needed to evaluate the relationship between this virus and PTC.

BackgroundHuman parvovirus B19 (B19V) infection is usually symptomless and occurs in the childhood. While in immunocompromised adults, B19V infection also presents various clinical symptoms due to the host's immune status. The classic symptoms include erythema, anemia, arthropathy, and edema, but neurological involvement is rare.Case PresentationIn this report, we present a case of B19V infection caused multiple organ dysfunction in a non-immunosuppressed adult. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) was used and successfully detected the pathogen in multiple types of samples, including blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The diagnosis was subsequently confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). He was treated with intravenous gamma globulin, resulting in a significant resolution of symptoms after 1 month.ConclusionMultisystem involvement induced by B19V infection was found in this case report. mNGS performed great advantages in rapidly and accurately diagnosing B19V infection in multiple types of samples, which helps the timely adjustment of treatment and improves the prognosis.

The article presents a case study of a seven-year-old boy with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) who experienced severe myelosuppression during chemotherapy with oral 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP). Topics discussed include the association of NUDT15 polymorphisms with fatal myelosuppression, the risk of human parvovirus B19 (HPV-B19) infection during myelosuppression, and the recommendation for genotyping NUDT15 before initiating thiopurine-containing therapy to avoid excess toxicity.

The article presents a case study of a three year old boy who experienced a human parvovirus B19-induced aplastic crisis due to folate deficiency. It is reported that human parvovirus B19 (HPV B19) is known to infect erythroid progenitor cells, leading to hematopoietic arrest and aplastic crisis in individuals with chronic hemolytic anemia. It is further reported that the virus can also affect granulocyte and megakaryocyte lineages, causing neutropenia and thrombocytopenia.

Background and Objectives: Umbilical cord blood (UCB) was used to source hematopoietic stem cells in the past. Despite the apparent advantages of UCB transplantation, virus reactivation poses a considerable danger in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Human Parvovirus B19 is regarded as a potential threat to UCB contamination. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of parvovirus B19 in cord blood donors by Semi-Nested PCR. This study is the first largescale report of the B19 DNA in cord blood donors in Iran. Materials and Methods: A total of 691 umbilical cord blood were collected under standard procedure. Then, DNA from buffy coat and plasma were extracted, and semi-nested PCR was performed for all samples. Results: Two out of 691 samples (0.29%) indicated viremia in plasma and buffy coat. Conclusion: In this line, designing and validating a quantitative PCR assay for detection, quantification, and discrimination of Human B19 DNA genotypes of cord blood donors is necessary to enhance the safety of this source of stem cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Human parvovirus B19 (B19) can cause acute hepatitis and is attributed to the high mortality of alcoholic hepatitis (AH). B19 infection is generally self-healing in previously healthy people, but it can cause fatal effects in some high-risk groups and increase its virulence and infectivity. Disseminated B19 infection-induced multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in patients with AH has not been reported yet. Here, we described B19 viremia in an adult patient with AH accompanied by hemolytic anemia (HA), leading to disseminated infection and secondary MODS, as well as self-limiting B19 infections in seven nurses caring for him. Meanwhile, we reviewed the literature on AH and B19 infection. Case Presentation: A 43-year-old male patient with AH accompanied by HA was transferred to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China, on March 31, 2021. After supportive treatment, his transaminase and bilirubin levels were reduced, but his anemia worsened. He received a red blood cell (RBC) infusion on April 9 for hemoglobin (Hb) lower than 6 g/dl. On April 13, he suddenly had a high fever. Under empirical anti-infection, his high fever dropped and maintained at a low fever level; however, his anemia worsened. On April 25, he was transferred to the medical intensive care unit (MICU) due to severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute aplastic crisis (AAC), and hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS), which were subsequently confirmed to be related to B19 infection. After methylprednisolone, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), empirical anti-infection, and supportive treatment, the lung infection improved, but hematopoietic and liver abnormalities aggravated, and systemic B19 infection occurred. Finally, the patient developed a refractory arrhythmia, heart failure, and shock and was referred to a local hospital by his family on May 8, 2021. Unfortunately, he died the next day. Fourteen days after he was transferred to MICU, seven nurses caring for him in his first two days in the MICU developed self-limiting erythema infectiosum (EI). Conclusions: B19 infection is self-limiting in healthy people, with low virulence and infectivity; however, in AH patients with HA, it can lead to fatal consequences and high contagion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic infection caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. The infection is widely disseminated in the human population and is usually benign or asymptomatic. Systemic T. gondii infection presents risks for pregnant women and AIDS patients. Although rare, T. gondii can cause outbreaks in urban centers. The origin of these outbreaks is not completely understood but probably results from introduction of zoonotic T. gondii strains in the population. During such outbreaks other pathogens which mimic T. gondii acute febrile syndrome may also circulate; therefore, detailed investigation of the outbreak is of extreme importance. In this study we performed viral metagenomics next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in patient samples obtained during T. gondii outbreak in Santa Maria city, South Brazil. Specific bioinformatics pipelines specialized in virus discovery were applied in order to identify co-circulating vial agents. Epstein Barr virus and Parvovirus B19 contigs were assembled and these viruses can cause symptoms similar to toxoplasmosis. In conclusion, our findings show the importance of Metagenomics next generation sequencing (mNGS) use to help characterize the outbreak more completely and in the management of the affected patients.

INTRODUCTION[|]Parvovirus B19 belonging to the Erythrovirus genus is a single-stranded DNA virus in the family Parvoviridae. The present study aims to determine parvovirus B19 seropositivity in serum samples sent with pre-diagnosis of arthritis/arthralgia and to evaluate the age dispersion retrospectively.[¤]METHODS[|]Parvovirus B19 IgM and IgG tests were investigated in serum samples with pre-diagnosis of arthritis/arthralgia sent to Virology Laboratory between January 2017 and February 2019 retrospectively. In serum samples of the patients, parvovirus B19 IgM and IgG tests were investigated using the enzyme immunoassay method.[¤]RESULTS[|]Sixty-one patients with pre-diagnosis of arthritis/arthralgia were included in this study. The mean age of the patients was 45.2+-17.8 years. Parvovirus B19 IgG and IgM positivity rates were 40 (65.6%) and 2 (3.3%), respectively. Parvovirus B19 IgG positivity was highest at the ages over 50 years and lowest at the ages under 30 years (p=0.362). Parvovirus B19 IgG seropositivity was the highest in females with a rate of 72.0% (p=0.241).[¤]DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION[|]As a result, parvovirus B19 IgG and IgM positivity rates in the patient group with pre-diagnosis of arthritis/arthralgia were 65.6% and 3.3%, respectively, in our study. As the parvovirus B19 seropositivity rate was found high when compared to the general population studies, latent parvovirus B19 infection should be investigated in synovial tissue in patients with chronical arthritis and arthralgia complaints.[¤]

Background: Human parvovirus B19 (HPV B19) is a member of the family Parvoviridae. It can be transmitted congenitally from an infected mother to the embryo. The virus has been implicated in hydrops fetalis, spontaneous abortion, aplastic crisis, and acute symmetric polyarthropathy. Objective: The present study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of HPV B19 immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies among apparently healthy pregnant women and to define the risk factors associated with. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from consenting pregnant women who were attending Erbil Maternity hospitals from the period between January 2018 and June 2019. The sera were obtained from samples were analyzed for IgG and IgM antibodies of HPV B19 using (EUROIMMUN AG, Luebeck Germany) ELISA Classic Parvovirus B19 IgG/IgM kits. Structured questionnaire was used to obtain data on sociodemography and risk factors. Results: A total of 349 pregnant women were enrolled in this study and were screened for both IgM and IgG antibodies. Overall, 139 (39.8%) were positive for parvovirus B19 IgG and 32 (9.2%) had IgM antibody. Demographics including age group, occupation, number of children, and trimester of pregnancy. The differences of distribution of the Parvovorus IgG in relation to the above-mentioned demography were as follows: age >35 years: highly significant (P ≤ 0.01), second trimester: nonsignificant, homemakers: highly significant (P ≤ 0.01), ≥5 children highly significant (P ≥ 0.01). The differences of distribution of the Parvovorus IgM in relation to the above-mentioned demography were as follows: age

Background and Objectives: Umbilical cord blood (UCB) was used to source hematopoietic stem cells in the past. Despite the apparent advantages of UCB transplantation, virus reactivation poses a considerable danger in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Human Parvovirus B19 is regarded as a potential threat to UCB contamination. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of parvovirus B19 in cord blood donors by Semi-Nested PCR. This study is the first large-scale report of the B19 DNA in cord blood donors in Iran. Materials and Methods: A total of 691 umbilical cord blood were collected under standard procedure. Then, DNA from buffy coat and plasma were extracted, and semi-nested PCR was performed for all samples. Results: Two out of 691 samples (0.29%) indicated viremia in plasma and buffy coat. Conclusion: In this line, designing and validating a quantitative PCR assay for detection, quantification, and discrimination of Human B19 DNA genotypes of cord blood donors is necessary to enhance the safety of this source of stem cells.