In recent years, cotton fabrics, especially summer clothing, have been increasingly favored by young people in domestic market for their mercerization, moisture absorption, breathability and soft touch and the market potential demanding for cotton cloth has been huge. Under the requirement of energy saving and emission reduction for high energy-consumption printing and dyeing enterprises by the Chinese government, most of the dyeing plants have adopted the more efficient short process of one-bath one-step cold pad-batch for cotton cloth bleaching. The hydrogen peroxide added in this process is over three times more than that of the traditional process. After oxygen bleaching mercerization of the cotton cloth, local excessive oxidation occurs and oxygen bleaching holes are more likely to occur. In the production process of cotton cloth, the selection process of different cotton cloth specifications is different, resulting in complex reasons for holes.Therefore, it is necessary to find out the causes of holes in the production process and formulate corresponding preventive measures and technological processes. In this experiment, aldehyde cellulose produced by bleaching cotton cloth with hydrogen peroxide was oxidized by self-made weak oxidation reagent, so that metal silver atoms could be directly precipitated on the cloth surface. According to the number of silver atoms precipitated from the cloth surface and the hole opening, the color depth was formed, the intensity of hydrogen peroxide decomposition was judged, and whether the hole on cotton cloth was caused by excessive oxidation was proved from the side. Then, 1 mL of 8% silver nitrate solution, and 2 mL of mixed solution of 20% sodium bicarbonate and 20% caustic soda were added into 17 mL of deionized water. and shaken up quickly. Subsequently, 5g of cloth with holes was boiled in the solution for 2 min under100 ˚C, and then it was washed with deionized water. The color difference around the hole of that fabric was observed. The cotton cloth with holes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The self-made test results show that the holes caused by mechanical and other external forces have the same color as the holes on the cloth surface, indicating that the silver content precipitated is basically the same As for holes caused by local overoxidation, the color of the opening is darker than the cloth surface, and the silver content of the hole area is obviously higher than that of other parts. During the test, it is found that the decomposition rate of hydrogen peroxide is affected by temperature, pH value and metal ions, and the symbionts and textile auxiliaries in gray cloth can inhibit the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy shows that the structure of most cotton fiber polysaccharides changes into dialdehyde cellulose after oxygen bleaching. After treatment with self-made hole breaking detection reagent, the aldehyde group and silver ions have oxidation-reduction reaction, and the aldehyde group disappears. Through characterizing the cotton cloth tested by self-made hole detection reagent, it is concluded that the black particulate matters on the cotton cloth surface are silver atoms. The hole areas are the same shade as the other cloth surface, such as burnt holes, hook holes, weak yarn strength holes and damp mildew holes. Nevertheless, compared with the main elements of the cloth surface, there are more black silver atoms in the hole than in other places, which makes the color darker than in other places. As the demand for oxygen bleached mercerized cotton cloth is gradually increasing in domestic market, it is significant to determine the causes of holes for production prevention, which will be beneficial to cost saving and energy conservation and emission reduction. For the cotton cloth with holes during the production process, the semi-finished cotton cloth can be treated through lower tension process on the machines, increase the friction between yarns by adding adhesives, or even be changed to the overflow or air cylinder with low tension for dyeing, so to reduce the probability of holes as much as possible and minimize the loss. In the future, the weaving mill will equip the magnetic metal cloth inspection machine in the gray cloth inspection. As long as the fabric has more than a certain amount of metal ions, the metal alarm device on the cloth inspection machine will raise the alarm to prevent the problematic gray cloth flowing into the next process, which guarantees the good quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]