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Throughout the contemporary Chinese history of geography, geographical engineering has consistently played a pivotal role as a fundamental scientific activity. It possesses its distinct ontological basis and value orientation, rendering it inseparable from being merely a derivative of geographical science or technology. This paper defines geographical engineering and introduces its development history through the lens of Chinese geographical engineering praxises. Furthermore, it is highlighted the logical and functional consistency between the theory of human-earth system and the praxis of geographical engineering. Six modern cases of geographical engineering projects are presented in detail to demonstrate the points and characteristics of different types of modern geographical engineering. Geographical engineering serves as an engine for promoting integrated geography research, and in response to the challenge posed by fragmented geographies, this paper advocates for an urgent revitalization of geographical engineering. The feasibility of revitalizing geographical engineering is guaranteed because it aligns with China's national strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Atlantic African cultural heritage and Afro-descendants" published in the Yearbook of the Faculty of Geography and History, addresses the importance of African and Afro-descendant cultural heritage. It highlights the influence of colonialism on the conception of heritage, as well as the lack of interest in its conservation. Works such as "Public Canarian heritage related to Africa after the conquest" are mentioned, and the importance of preserving and valuing this heritage for local development is discussed. The article also addresses African oral literature, the musical genre of bomba in Latin America, and the traditional Annobonese cult in Equatorial Guinea. [Extracted from the article]

The article "The emergence of African Atlantic port cities during the slave trade (around 1470-around 1870)" by Guy Saupin, published in Vegueta: Yearbook of the Faculty of Geography and History, analyzes the emergence of African port cities during the slave trade. Saupin highlights the importance of African agency in the construction of urban identities and the evolution of port cities on the African Atlantic coast. The book offers a detailed perspective on the spatial and social transformation in the region, addressing the complexity of four centuries of history. [Extracted from the article]

This paper describes the development of the disease ecology tradition of health and medical geography including some key themes and innovations. It first grounds disease ecology in the history of ecology from the natural sciences and the human ecology traditions within the social sciences. These ecological studies of disease developed in response to limitations in the biomedical approach to studying health and disease that developed after germ theory. While the biomedical approach, which mostly focused on human biology, led to groundbreaking advances in medicine for many decades, it had its limits. Disease ecology applications have modern roots in the decades before and after World War II through colonial and tropical medicine as well as work conducted in an array of other sites, including Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, and the United States when there were large efforts to create infectious diseases maps and conduct ecological analyses of diseases. Hundreds of disease ecology studies have been implemented on diverse disease systems since World War II. The field progressively broadened in scope, especially during the 1990s and beyond, with several innovations including the application of political ecology approaches to the study of health and disease. Two other recent innovations are summarized through case studies: disease ecology approaches in health intervention research and applications of theory and methods from landscape genetics. The first case study highlights the ecological and geographic heterogeneity associated with the health impacts of drinking‐water tubewell interventions in rural Bangladesh. The paper also considers ‘landscape genetics’ approaches via a case study about influenza that uses modern genetic and spatial tools along with an ecological approach; it describes how the evolution of the virus is related to human‐environment‐animal interactions. The paper concludes by outlining promising future directions for disease ecology, emphasizing the field's ongoing incorporation of new theories and methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In research on public art, there is a tendency to link art's transformative potentialities to its temporal dimensions, namely duration, rhythm and the type of social relations they produce. However, beyond acknowledgement of what it might do, temporality received little conceptual attention. Using The Garden Library as a case study, this article foregrounds temporality as a theoretical and methodological framework to examine public art's performative and structural patterns. The Garden Library is a multi-lingual and cultural space for refugees and migrant workers founded by the art group Arteam in the southern neighbourhood Neve Sha'anan, Tel Aviv in 2009. This article traces the project's changing temporalities and considers how they create an inclusive time-space that is largely unavailable for the migrant communities living in Israel. It largely draws from art history and human geography scholarship to conceptualise time and temporality in relation to space, practice, and displacement and to further deepen our understating of the unique modes of knowledge and socio-political critique public art enables. The article also brings forth the entanglement of multiple oppressed temporalities, including native Palestinians and non-Jewish refugees, and reads the Garden Library against the background of Israel's settler-colonial and ethnocratic state. Centring temporality, therefore, has two goals. The first is to examine the usage of time, alongside space, as a control mechanism and to draw links between shared experiences of dislocation and dispossession that are often studied separately. The second is to amplify the occasional collisions and intersections of marginalised temporal landscapes, including that of the Mizrahi (Arab-Jews) working class residents of Neve Sha'anan, and the possibility of such moments to produce counter-temporalities that adjust and resist forms of spatio-temporal power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses ideas of anarchist (historical) geographies of rivers and seas. It does so by addressing works of early anarchist geographer Lev Ilich Mechnikov (mentioned here with the more known French spelling Léon Metchnikoff) (1838–1888), which lie at the origin of broader 'Mediterranean metaphors' comparing the globalising role of oceanic navigation to early Mediterranean connectedness, mainly discussed by Metchnikoff in his key book La civilisation et les grands fleuves historiques [Civilisation and Great Historical Rivers]. A close collaborator of Elisée Reclus and Peter Kropotkin and a multifarious scholarly talent, Metchnikoff provided contributions that still need to be fully rediscovered. Based on a systematic reading of Metchnikoff's archives and works, I argue that, starting from historical rivers and the early Mediterranean, his ideas on the historical roles that can be possibly (and relationally) played by water-land assemblages can nourish current notions of more-than-wet ontologies and critical geopolitics. Eventually, these ideas provide models for understanding spatialities that are alternative to those of state borders, bounded land and terracentric territorialities, contributing to shape the open and boundless world that is currently conceived by scholarship informed to pluriversal notions of critical Mediterraneanism. • Connects for the first time anarchist geographies to wet and more-than wet ontologies. • Rediscovers neglected works and archives originally contributing to the history of geography. • Contributes to current conversations on decoloniality, anticolonialism and other geographical traditions. • Fills lacunas in intellectual history on notions such as Mediterranean metaphor and coastal indentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Geography of Claudius Ptolemy is the sole work of ancient geography that presents an easily recognizable and rather realistic depiction of the Mediterranean Sea. The article ultimately aims to explain how Ptolemy achieved such results, given the available sources and methods of his time. It explores how Ptolemy structured the space of the Mediterranean Sea, examining how he positioned the major islands (Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica, Crete, Euboea, Rhodes) and two peninsulas (the Southern Balkans and the Crimea). It is argued that Ptolemy's outlines of the Mediterranean Sea can be accounted for as a result of using three theoretical tools available in his time for map construction: the so-called klimata or reference parallels, the wind rose for determining directions, and the so-called 'opposite places' or coastal points presumably situated on the same meridians. The overall outlines of Ptolemy's Mediterranean, and the position of Sicily in particular, are shaped by several latitudes established by earlier geographers. Two regions of Ptolemy's map, in the western and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, are clearly structured based on the 12-point Timosthenes' wind rose, centered at Ostia and Rhodes, respectively. The position of Crete is found to be linked to the African coast by means of the 'opposite places' concept. In several cases, the outlines of Ptolemy's map distinctly correspond and can even serve as illustrations to the relevant descriptions found in Strabo's Geography. • Ptolemy's map gives the sole realistic depiction of the Mediterranean in antiquity. • Ptolemy's Mediterranean is constructed from reference parallels and wind directions. • Ptolemy's depictions and Strabo's descriptions correlate and explain each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As climate change becomes more central to geographers' thinking, climate geography as a field is developing a greater sense of self‐awareness. Whilst welcome, the historical legacy of geographic engagement with the climate brings both challenges and opportunities. As a discipline whose founding principle was to interrogate the nexus of the environmental – as well as a field with both appetite and aptitude for a radical interdisciplinarity – climate geographers are well positioned to interpret a world in which nature and human activity are increasingly inseparable. Yet what climate geographers bring in particular is a recognition of how the present landscape of knowledge reflects often contentious historical politics. By reflexively engaging with the history of the discipline and connecting this to present gaps in the landscape of environmental knowledge, climate geography as a field offers the opportunity for substantial innovation, not only as a means to interpret climate change, but as a site of action to address it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The document "Varieties of Taste: Interwoven Histories and Geographies of Theatres and Restaurants in London at the end of the 19th century" explores the links between theatres and restaurants in London at that time. Iconic venues such as the Café Royal, the Savoy Hotel, and the Palace Theatre were founded by personalities such as Daniel Nicolas Thévenon and Richard D'Oyly Carte. These establishments played a key role in London's cultural and gastronomic scene, reflecting Franco-British cultural exchanges. Personalities from the world of theatre and the arts frequented these places, creating an atmosphere of glamour and sophistication. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Journal of Cultural Studies / Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Journal of Cultural Studies / Kultur Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Cultural Studies / Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Journal of Cultural Studies / Kultur Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The editorial introduces the Scottish Locale Examples series (SLoX) in the Scottish Geographical Journal, aiming to provide a platform for human geographers to engage in place-writing. It traces the historical context of place-writing in the journal, highlighting the imperial and colonial perspectives prevalent in early contributions. The editorial emphasizes the renewed focus on place-writing in cultural geography, particularly in response to the Anthropocene and climate change, inviting diverse submissions for the SLoX series to capture the essence of Scottish locales. [Extracted from the article]

The book Tempo de Balaio (2008) by geographer Carlos Augusto de Figueiredo Monteiro is the first book in a set of five volumes. In the first book, the author presents a geographical and historical interpretation of the State of Piauí, while in the following volumes he devotes himself to the history of the four generations of his family, ending with their migration to Rio de Janeiro in the 1940s. Accompanied of authorial drawings, the books compose a general picture of the evolution of that society between the 19th and 20th centuries. Without ceasing to be a critical reading, this article tries to understand the central argument of the first book, Tempo de Balaio. We seek to highlight the innovations in analysis, the beauty of the text and the problems of method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims The sessile-flowered Trillium species from western North America have been challenging to distinguish morphologically owing to overlapping characters and intraspecific variation. Molecular phylogenetic analyses, currently inconclusive for this group, have not sampled multiple populations of the different species to account for this. Here, we query the diversity of floral volatile composition to understand its bearings on the taxonomy, distribution and evolution of this group. Methods We explored taxonomic and geographical patterns in average floral volatile composition (105 different compounds) among 42 wild populations of four sessile-flowered Trillium species and the outgroup, Pseudotrillium , in California, Oregon and Washington, by means of parsimony-constrained phylogenetic analyses. To assess the influence of character construction, we coded compound abundance in three different ways for the phylogenetic analyses and compared the results with those of statistical analyses using the same dataset and previously published statistical analyses. Key Results Different codings of floral volatile composition generated different phylogenetic topologies with different levels of resolution. The different phylogenies provide similar answers to taxonomic questions but support different evolutionary histories. Monophyly of most populations of each taxon suggests that floral scent composition bears phylogenetic signal in the western sessile-flowered Trillium. Lack of correlation between the distribution of populations and their position in scent-based phylogenies does not support a geographical signal in floral scent composition. Conclusions Floral scent composition is a valuable data source for generating phylogenetic hypotheses. The way in which scent composition is coded into characters is important. The phylogenetic patterns supported by floral volatile compounds are incongruent with previously reported phylogenies of the western sessile-flowered Trillium obtained using molecular or morphological data. Combination of floral scent data with gene sequence data and detailed morphological data from multiple populations of each species in future studies is needed for understanding the evolutionary history of western sessile-flowered Trillium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

National curriculum statements found within the Official Recontextualising Field (ORF) provide an insight into how geography as a school subject is conceptualized in a country’s education system. National curricula can shape teachers’ agency in curriculum making and what, how and where children and young people study and learn geography. This paper engages with the lower secondary national geography curriculum for England, Finland and Sweden. We examine the structure and nature of the national geography curricula in each country, before drawing on the threefold arrangement of geographical knowledge as a tool for the analysis of the curricula. Our analysis found that deep and descriptive world knowledge forms the largest proportion of all three national curricula documents, and we argue that this can lead to a potentially limited conceptualization of geographical knowledge and representation of geography. We also suggest that the threefold arrangement could more actively engage with political dimensions when considering futures, and that there should be greater attention paid to the histories and geographies of the discipline (geography) in school geography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Australian railway histories are dominated by narratives of engineering triumphs, colonial expansion into empty land, and bringing civilisation and development through railway infrastructure. These settler‐colonial stories can be read back on themselves as histories and geographies of Aboriginal dispossession and colonial possession. Indeed, Aboriginal people, lands, waterways, and cultures have always been implicated in railway infrastructures, willingly or not. Aboriginal people’s entanglements with the New South Wales railways, to which we refer as “rail relations,” have involved dispossession, removal, employment, mobility, and travel, including the forced removal of children known as the Stolen Generations. These are relations of harm, loss, and grief but also of pride, connectivity, and survival. We argue in this paper that when Aboriginal communities engage in storying the New South Wales railways as Aboriginal they reassemble this infrastructure otherwise: not just as a tool of dispossession but also as life affirming. Indigenous storytelling can therefore overcome settler colonial erasure and the oversimplification of railway infrastructure hi/stories. Research about how Aboriginal lives have been interconnected with railways expansion and development is limited. While Aboriginal railway stories are continuously told within communities, they remain almost entirely silenced elsewhere. Overcoming the invisibility of Aboriginal rail relations is crucial as both truth‐telling of the past and to ensure more just infrastructural outcomes now and in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Trakya Journal of Education is the property of Trakya Journal of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The ocean has a key, though often unremarked, role in shaping everyday life, from impacting weather patterns and food supplies to facilitating, and contesting, systems of capitalism, including contemporary logistics, empires, mobility, and migration. Beginning with early debates on maritime anthropology, this review traces the shift from maritime anthropology to an anthropology of and from the ocean. It notes the ways that the ocean appears and disappears as metaphor or material space of encounter and engagement within the past, present, and possible futures of anthropology. It shows how absence and presence as well as metaphor and materiality are the modes through which oceans are imagined and inhabited. While there is no distinct oceanic turn in anthropology in contrast with a number of other disciplines, the anthropology of and from the ocean holds the possibility to reenergize anthropology's interdisciplinary encounters, including with history and geography, as well as modes of engaging scale and specificity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers an analysis of Modern Studies, a school subject unique to Scotland. First taught in the 1960s, Modern Studies was originally conceived as an option for students discontinuing their studies in history and geography. Since then, though, Modern Studies has carved a distinctive curricular niche and has become one of the most popular subjects in Scottish schools. Despite this popularity—or, perhaps, because of it—Modern Studies has not received the same critical analysis as other subjects in the school curriculum. The subject remains one defined by its content (political literacy, social issues, and international relations), rather than by its disciplinary or epistemic underpinnings. This paper uses Toulmin's (1990) conception of modernity to analyse course documents and examination papers. This analysis suggests that Modern Studies was imbued from the start with three foundational assumptions. First, a positivist ontology that believes certainty about the social world is possible. Second, a belief that Weberian means-end rationality is the most appropriate approach to evaluating and making sense of social relations. Third, a telos which positions liberal capitalism as the inevitable end-state of human affairs. Modern Studies is, therefore, not just 'modern' but modernist. The paper explores and develops these critiques with reference to specific examination questions and concludes by proposing a programme for renewing and reinvigorating the subject in an age of epistemic uncertainty and global environmental crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors tackle a challenge of specifying the historical geography of Jochi's military expeditions in the medieval Qazaq Steppe (Eastern Dasht-i Qipchaq). The article focuses on controversial issues of Jochi’s campaigns' routes, locations and dates of his battles. The authors' hypothesis is based on historical evidence and recent research, which suggests that the primary routes of Jochi's military campaigns in modern Qazaqstan were routed by the main river channels. The authors suggest that Jochi and his troops arrived at Eastern Dasht-i Qipchaq/the territory of modern Qazaqstan in 1218, but he never returned to the Mongolian steppes and stayed there until his death in 1225. The article aims to describe the main stages of Jochi's military campaigns in Eastern Dasht-I Qipchaq / the territory of modern Qazaqstan. In particular, the article specifies the time and place of the Mongols' battles with the Merkits on the Irtysh River in eastern Qazaqstan, with the Merkits and the Olberli Qipchaqs on the Zhem (Emba) River, and with the Khorezmians on the Yrgyz (Irgiz) River. The actions of Jochi's forces on the Syr Darya and in Khorezm are traced, as is the further course of the war with the Qipchaqs on the Zhaiyk (Ural) and Volga rivers, and Jochi's subsequent return via the Syr Darya to his headquarters near the Irtysh. It was here in eastern Qazaqstan that Jochi spent the last part of his life and died in 1225. The novelty of the proposed content lies in the inclusion of the possibilities of historical geography and methods of mapping Jochi's main military campaigns on the territory of Qazaqstan, which made it possible for the first time to draw a map of Jochi's main military campaigns in relation to the problem under study. The authors argue that Jochi's military campaigns should not be interpreted as tip-and-run cavalry raids and quick returns to Mongolia, but as carefully thought out and prepared offensives. By using the latest editions of the sources and comparing their information, it has been possible to look at the history of Jochi's military campaigns from a new angle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Aotearoa New Zealand, a commonwealth country, is situated in the South Pacific Ocean, in the southwestern most part of Polynesia. The country comprises two main islands – the North and South Islands – with total population of 5 million. Within this context, the authors describe mental health (including indigenous Māori perspective), psychiatrist training, mental healthcare system, and recent research in New Zealand. This review is intended to familiarize the readers of the Taiwanese Journal of Psychiatry with the current status of psychiatric practice in New Zealand. Methods: The authors of this review collected and reviewed relevant literature on psychiatric care, education, training, and research in New Zealand. In addition, official government publications, such as reports from the Stats New Zealand and Ministry of Health, were examined to gather relevant data. Results: After providing a brief overview of New Zealand's geography and history, the authors describe two major ethnic groups, New Zealanders of European descents, and the Māori, who are descendants of Polynesian settlers. Then, the prevalence of psychiatric diseases, trainings for the psychiatrist workforce, the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists, the New Zealand Mental Health Act, and recent psychiatric research are highlighted. Conclusion: New Zealand, with dominant European and Māori cultural groups and an emerging Asian population, has a growing, diverse population. Its universal healthcare system, restructured in 2022 under Te Whatu Ora (Health New Zealand) is aimed at enhancing efficiency and equity but faces challenges like Māori underrepresentation in the psychiatry workforce and rising demands from the growing Asian community. While mental health issues have gained government attention, future advancements are needed to improve psychiatrist recruitment and retention, enhance equitable service delivery, strengthen mental health laws, and increase psychiatry funding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite being common, the problematization of animals is ill-understood and undertheorized in urban geography. Being problematized has significant implications for animals: not only in how they are subjected to violent disciplinary practices but also in how they are made epistemically visible (or not) as urban subjects. That is, problematization objectifies animals and can contribute to their physical and epistemic in/visibility in cities. One effect of problematization is that it makes some animals visible to the historical record as problems. Consequently, scholars often write urban histories and analyses that reconstitute these animals as problematic objects, failing to recognize that problematization involves multispecies power relations that animals experience. This article offers a theoretical framework for analyzing the problematization of urban animals. It requires understanding problematization as a sociospatial and historical process in which animals come to be discursively constituted as problems in urban regulation, and materially managed as such through disciplinary practices that frequently rely on material and spatial interventions. I argue that a spatial awareness is essential to telling multispecies histories and geographies that attempt to grapple with problematization as a process as well as its impacts on the experiences of animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article offers a critical appraisal of institutionalised knowledge production and exchange on the history and philosophy of geography in the United Kingdom. We examine broad epistemic trends over 41 years (1981–2021) through an analysis of annual conference sessions and special events convened by the History and Philosophy of Geography Research Group (HPGRG) of the Royal Geographical Society with the Institute of British Geographers (RGS-IBG). We show how organisational, sociocultural, and epistemic changes were coproduced, as expressed by three significant findings. Organisationally, the group emerged through shared philosophical interests of two early career geographers at Queen's University of Belfast in 1981 and received new impetus through its strategic plan 1995–1997, which inspired long-term research collaborations. Socioculturally, the group's activities contributed to national traditions of geographical thought and praxis in masculinist academic environments, with instances of internationalisation, increasing feminisation, and organisational cooperation. Epistemically, the group's events in the 1980s shaped contextualist, constructivist, and critical approaches, and coproduced new cultural geography, but the emphasis shifted from historically sensitive biographical, institutional, and geopolitical studies of geographical knowledges, via critical, postcolonial, and feminist geographies of knowledge-making practices in the 1990s, to more-than-human and more-than-representational geographies in the early twenty-first century. • Analyses (the) history and philosophy of geography through the lens of a UK research group. • Examines 41 years of the group's RGS-IBG annual conference sessions and special events. • Reveals epistemic developments that shaped the wider discipline of geography. • Traces gradual diversification of contributors via internationalisation and feminisation. • Stresses close links between histories, methodologies, and philosophies of geography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces to an international audience the 'encyclopaedic approach' to geographical historiography. This approach was developed at the Free University of Amsterdam between 1961 and 1987 by Marcus Heslinga and Andries Kouwenhoven. Signalling how contemporary geography is hampered by the silofication of different subdisciplines and how a better understanding of our shared and pluriform histories can help overcome these silos, the encyclopaedic approach demonstrates how an 'engaged pluralist' historiography of geography could take shape. Testifying to its bridge-building character, the approach was developed in response to decades of acerbic conflict between rivalling schools of human geography in the Netherlands. Its central premises involve an acknowledgement that geography is a dynamic discipline with shifting formal and material objects and an empirical strategy to map and relate these different conceptual fields. • Chronicles the encyclopaedic approach to the history of human geography developed by Marcus Heslinga and Andries Kouwenhoven. • Situates the emergence of the engaged pluralist encyclopaedic approach in the history of Dutch human geography. • Discusses how the encyclopaedic approach inspiresto overcome the silofication and fragmentation of contemporary geography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This short reflection on forty years of the UK's History and Philosophy of Geography group reflects on the poetics of geographical knowledge. Whilst histories of geography have diverged from philosophies of geography over recent years, the intervention proposes that a useful avenue of enquiry for future work is to develop fuller historical and philosophical accounts of the forms and poetics of geographical writing. This includes: philosophical reflection on form and space; historical studies of the varying forms, styles, and poetics of geographical knowledge; and active experiments with formal aspects of writing. Through a short reflection on the ethics of Jean-Marie Guyau (a sociologist whose naturalist and vitalist ethics had an important influence on anarchist geographers) the paper proposes an approach to the authority of geographical texts that is animated by an anomic ethos that is: genetic; affirmative; and generous. • Proposes an agenda for future histories and philosophies of geography based on experimental genealogical analyses of form and aesthetics. • Explores the different forms of authority co-constructed through the forms, styles and genres of geographical writing. • Argues that a productive space of intersection between history and philosophy of geography can be found in a revitalised genealogical study of the forms and aesthetics of geographical writing. • Draws on Jean-Marie Guyau's vitalist ethics to argue for a genealogical approach to ethics of history and philosophy of geography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Donna Haraway has been a constant presence in geographical thought and practice over the past 30 years. From her early and very influential essay on Situated Knowledges , to her more recent engagements with the Anthropocene in Staying with the Trouble , her work has become a key reference point for questioning the production of geographical knowledge. In this commentary I trace the influence of Haraway's thought on geographical scholarship, exploring how it both shapes our disciplinary histories and provides a critical lens upon them. In particular I highlight how Haraway's work informs feminist and more-than-human geographies, resonates with Indigenous ontologies and challenges geographers to reflect critically on the implications of their positionality and provinciality for academic research. • Examines the influence of Donna J Haraway on geographical scholarship over the past three decades. • Explores the influence of her essays on 'situated knowledges' and 'the cyborg manifesto' on feminist geographies. • Examines how Haraway's approach shaped the emergence of the subdiscipline of animal geographies. • Explores the synergies and tensions between Haraway's work and Indigenous scholarship. • Examines the implications of Haraway's work for how we narrate histories and philosophies of Geography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This introduction to the special issue Reflections on Histories and Philosophies of Geography discusses the context and content of nineteen articles written to mark the fortieth anniversary of the History and Philosophy of Geography Research Group (HPGRG) of the Royal Geographical Society with the Institute of British Geographers (RGS-IBG). The group was founded in 1981, two years after the early career researchers who set up the group, Richard T. Harrison and David N. Livingstone, published jointly their first critical interventions in support of human geography's paradigmatic shift away from positivism, based on an early form of social constructivist argumentation. We argue that the subsequent proliferation of epistemic pluralism, which is discussed in the contributions to this special issue and has characterised the activities organised by the HPGRG, exemplifies the considerable value of three historiographical practices: first, engaging with the history and philosophy of geography collectively in one research group; second, situating methodologies within the history and philosophy of geography; and third, critically interrogating the discipline's evolving geographical knowledges, professional practices, and material cultures from different authorial positionalities. • Contextualises nineteen special issue articles on (the) history and philosophy of geography. • Situates 40 years of the RGS-IBG History and Philosophy of Geography Research Group. • Points to the coproduction of paradigmatic changes and the foundation of the group. • Discusses the importance of geographical biographies, philosophies, and legacies. • Critically appraises the epistemic pluralism emerging from the special issue reflections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geographers have regularly employed biography as a means to an end, that is, as a useful method for the investigation of some other phenomenon. But writing, reading, and collecting biographical memoirs has an inherent and not just an instrumental value. Linked to memory, biography becomes a way of recalling lives, including those not personally known to the reader, and remembering how one's own life and work is connected to those of predecessors and, by implication, those of successors. This article examines how biography can be used to foster an inclusive and diverse picture of the discipline which more fully appreciates the difficulties many geographers have overcome to pursue their geographical work, and the unnamed collaborators – colleagues, friends, and family – who supported them in their work. Portraiture is introduced as a complement to written memoir, as a subject which would bear further scrutiny. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The History and Philosophy of Geography Research Group launched its undergraduate dissertation prize in 2008. This paper reflects on the dissertations submitted throughout its first decade, highlighting particular themes in Deleuzian-inspired vitalism and immanence, attention to the politics of knowledge production, and the emergence of critical physical geography. The paper also discusses the practice of awarding a prize, noting evidence that this is both shaped by, and reproduces, structural inequalities in academic work. The prize exhibits a particular geography and politics within the academic prestige economy. • Considers submissions to the Undergraduate Dissertation Prize of the History and Philosophy of Geography Research Group. • Highlights key themes from the dissertations reflecting trends in geography. • Notes that there is a geography and politics to undergraduate dissertation prizes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article approaches the history of geographic thought through a partial autobiography that covers the last 40 years – a period that corresponds with the existence of the History and Philosophy of Geography Research Group of the Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers). The paper is informed by both memory and a personal archive of material from the mid to late 1980s. The autobiographical material is linked to the places that the author passed through and the ways these places, and the assemblage of people in them, influenced the author's development of ideas around place, mobility and knowledge. In this sense, this is an account of how theory, scholarship and the scholars that produce them arise in networked ways through connections that are embedded in place but are often from elsewhere, traveling through. • An autobiographical approach to the history of geographic thought. • Explores the role of places as centers of calculation in an autobiography. • Surveys developments in geographic thought since the 1980s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues for the relevance of the history and philosophy of geography and provides a personal perspective on the origins of the Working Party/Study Group/Research Group by one of its founders. Intellectually, the paper identifies the role of its history and philosophy as the construction and sanctioning of meta-narratives by which meaning is conferred on 'geography'. Practically, the paper summarises the descriptive, normative and personal justifications for the establishment of the Working Party in 1981 in the context of Queen's University Belfast as a zone of civility exemplifying the politics of hope in a militarised, segregated and sectarian society. • The emergence of academic disciplines is a social and historiographical process. • The institutional evolution of disciplines is a function of serendipity, politics and context. • Descriptive, normative and personal factors shape discipline emergence and development. • Contemporary challenges require new modes of intellectual organising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this short paper, I contend that the history and philosophy of geography should be considered as an indispensable scholarly field to nourish both theoretical speculations about geography and ongoing scholars' political and social engagement towards critical, radical, decolonial, feminist and antiracist geographies. I argue that rediscovering 'other geographical traditions' is paramount to these scholarly and political agendas. After briefly summarising my political and theoretical references, I discuss the example of the work of anarchist, feminist and anticolonial activist Louise Michel (1830–1905) to make the case for the inclusion of new figures and ideas in the field of new decolonial, multilingual and pluralist histories of geography. • Performs a militant plea for the History and Philosophy of Geography. • Discusses recent works on alternative geographical traditions and decoloniality. • Makes the case for reading geographically the work of anarchist, feminist and anti-colonial activist Louise Michel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming to introduce various regions throughout history, travels are not only valuable sources for disciplines such as history and geography but also serve as important sources for folklore studies. In addition to documenting the historical and geographical characteristics of the places visited, travel writers also provide insights into the local folk culture. The Travels of Ibn Battûta, written in the 14th century, is one of the valuable works in the Turkish Folklore with the products it had. While describing the places he visited in Anatolia, the author also closely observed the local culture, incorporating legends and parables he encountered in oral tradition into his work. One of the parables Battûta includes in his book is about Mevlâna. This article examines that specific parable within the framework of spiritual dreaming (bade içme/wine motif) a practice traditionally linked to shamanism. The aim of the study is to identify the similarities and differences between the classical "bade içme" ritual and the extraordinary event experienced by Mevlâna. In this context, incidents regarded as "bade içme" experienced by figures such as shamans, warrior saints (alperen), saints (evliya), and minstrels are compared. The fact that this parable still continued to be told a century after Mevlâna indicates that local people had not forgotten beliefs and legends related to the initiation of kams, which originated from Shamanism - an old belief system at that time. In this context, this cultural heritage which experienced some changes and was transferred from shaman to saint / Mevlâna preserved its continuity by passing from him to minstrel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A two-session learning situation is proposed for Geography and History subject (2º ESO) about power in Ancien Régime societies through the Social Network Analysis, applying the Concept-based Learning to the historical past. Firstly, students will use everyday situations as a starting point to construct their own concept of capital (social, economic, cultural etc.). In a second stage, this knowledge will be applied to a puzzle in which students will have to solve a king’s challenge using a fictitious character. This exercise will serve to think historically and enhance empathy. The final objective is to stimulate students’ ability to question and qualify the paradigms about pre-modern societies to which they are usually exposed, based on rigid and static social categories, such as class, status, religion or profession. In the second session, students will produce an essay on how someone can become a king, based on an extract from Machiavelli’s The Prince. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skelton (1972), followed by Harley (1987), invented "the history of cartography" as a field of study with deep historical roots, giving the field an origin deep in the Renaissance, perhaps even in the Middle Ages. In doing so, Skelton imposed modern scholarly practices onto early modern scholarship, without regard for contemporary knowledge practices. This essay counters the invented tradition by exploring how early modern scholars engaged with maps from the contemporary past ("early maps"). It identifies three distinct sets of scholars whose variant agendas led them to work with early maps in markedly different ways. First, Classical historians used the Peutinger map and Ptolemy's Geography to identify locations of ancient places to improve their comprehension of Classical texts. Second, some geographers wrote histories of voyages and travels that related past routes to contemporary maps, and others wrote historical narratives of the compilation of encyclopedic texts and maps of world and regional knowledge. (This analysis requires a reconceptualization of early modern "geography.") Third, antiquaries opportunistically described and at times reproduced a variety of maps, charts, and plans that came to their attention, but without actively searching for early maps. Overall, this essay demonstrates that before 1775 there was neither a systematic approach taken to the study of early maps nor any hint of the core methodology that would be adopted by the first historiographical mode of map history as it developed after 1830. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Across research on incarceration and insularity, recent trajectories have challenged conventional understandings of islands and prisons as isolated, autonomous units. Instead, they have directed attention toward their capacity to establish relations, circuits and routes. Beyond the focus on mobility and exchanges, this literature criticised the association between insularity, incarceration and confinement as the outcome of specific colonial epistemologies. This article builds on these literatures to investigate the case of Sardinia, a large Mediterranean island that plays a key role in the Italian carceral regime by providing a destination for thousands of Italian convicts. Despite being an Italian and European region, Sardinia's past and present exhibit distinct colonial qualities, which are visible in the structure of its carceral estate. The case study exemplifies how islands can hardly be interpreted as isolated units, given that their histories and geographies have implications that extend far beyond their coasts. In the case of Sardinia, the island combines modern penitentiaries with dynamics reminiscent of previous periods in the history of punishment, specifically penal colonies and convict transportation. This case study illustrates the benefits of an interdisciplinary approach that is willing to question the conceptual categories adopted, particularly those of island, prison and colony. The article examines how research on incarceration and insularity has moved beyond previous paradigms that focused on confinement and isolation. It then applies the insights from the literature to the case study of Sardinia, a large Mediterranean island that has historically served a key role in the Italian prison system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Language is the identity of nations. The history, culture, ideals, etc. of a nation are hidden in the words of the language it speaks. The traces of its emotion and thought world are recorded in literature, its contributions to science are recorded in terminology, and the title deeds of its homeland are recorded in toponymy. Toponymy is a branch of onomastic that deals with an etymological, morphological and semantic analysis of toponyms, based on the history and geography sciences. The sub-branch of toponyms, which have many subbranches, that include the names of provinces, districts and towns is called astionym. This article includes the lexical-semantic analysis of the name Niğde and the names of 5 districts (Altunhisar, Bor, Çamardı, Çiftlik, Ulukışla) and 23 towns (Aktaş, Alay, Azatlı, Bağlama, Bahçeli, Bozköy, Çukurkuyu, Değirmenli, Divarlı, Dündarlı, Edikli, Gümüşler, Hacıabdullah, Karaatlı, Karakapı, Keçikalesi, Kemerhisar, Kiledere, Konaklı, Orhanlı, Sazlıca, Yeşilgölcük, Yıldıztepe) affiliated to Niğde. In this study, the naming tendency the of astionyms of Nigde province will be determined; regarding this determination, information will also be given about the known ancient names and the changes in its administrative status of each settlement. At the end of the study, a graph showing statistical data on the naming tendency the of astionyms of Nigde province will be created. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Social Sciences Research / Sosyal Bilimler Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of ODU Journal of Social Sciences Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Poyang Lake is the property of Journal of Poyang Lake Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Trakya Journal of Education is the property of Trakya Journal of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article demonstrates how tech professionals commuting to neighbourhoods redeveloped for their work are contributing to their transformation into urban tech campuses: gentrified districts where landscapes, understandings of place and temporalities are shaped by their praise of innovation, emotional detachment from place, and daily ebb and flow. While also resulting in displacement, othering, and the rewriting of histories and geographies, commuters' contribution to tech-led gentrification contrasts with the emotional investment into place and the sense of permanence gentrifiers use in established residential neighbourhoods they perceive as authentic and progressively remake in their image. While concomitant, it also differs from residential new-build gentrification, as it reinforces not only middle-class norms but also the economic discourse of the high-tech industry, which co-produces these places as elite worker oases. Using South Lake Union, Seattle, WA as a case study, this article aims to contribute to a social understanding of tech-led gentrification: while recent research has focused on residential gentrifiers and on the macro political and economic forces that transform declining urban areas into so-called innovation districts, this qualitative study explores gentrification through the narratives and uses of public space of an urban tech campus's dominant population – an elite, predominantly young, white, male commuter workforce several times larger than the local residential population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Informed by economic geography's history and by contemporary feminist thought, this exchanges commentary proposes the strategic reclamation of outrage to inform the construction and purpose of explanation in the subfield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research deals with issues of Indigeneity and autonomy in Taiwan by notionally turning things inside‐out. We aim to contextualise international geopolitics and local polity by considering the Tayal people, one of 16 nationally recognised Indigenous groups living in northern Taiwan. We reject the conventional geopolitical lens of Great Power claims as the only and best way to understand contemporary Taiwan and chooses to refocus and rescale the geopolitical lens. We seek to reconsider Taiwan's history, geography, and territory by reference to the conceptual lenses that apply to Tayal peoples' experiences. The research methods employed include geographical fieldwork, literature reviews, and archival studies. The research acknowledges Tayal people's custodianship over their territory and provides an in‐depth discussion on the colonial history and geography of Taiwan. In the process, we unsettle what is taken‐for‐granted and rescale erasure, violence, and resistance in Indigenous Taiwan. In building a Tayal‐centred positionality, we reframe geopolitical dynamics as connections within territories and across boundaries rather than as disputes over deeply contested boundaries. Neither Tayal people nor other Indigenous peoples in Taiwan ever ceded their sovereignty. Regardless of any broader geopolitics shifts, Tayal territory remains just the way it always has—Tayal territory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report offers an interpretation of recent scholarship that articulates pasts and futures of geographical thought and praxis. By focussing on growing concerns about speculative, abyssal, and analytical styles of thinking in Geography, I argue that a more cogent philosophical take on geographic theory-making is needed. Drawing upon ongoing discussions on the role of geographic theory, I use the occasion of the various history and philosophy of geography-related anniversaries to reflect on why we are where we are today. I therefore claim that practitioners of history and philosophy of geography need to address some structural difficulties to navigate tensions between recurring calls for endogenous forms of geographic theory and relentless deconstruction of epistemic and ontological arrays as a way forward for Geography to merge with critical thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to present the "Anglophone Travellers in Portugal" project carried out at CETAPS, focusing on its visual dimension. After decades of analysing the works using close reading methods, we have adopted Digital Humanities approaches to deal with the large amount of data generated. With these notions in mind, we have taken on data visualization tools as a way of analysing, interpreting and communicating our findings related to the travel narratives we have gathered in our database, written by Anglophone authors who travelled in Portugal. These travellers show us a different perspective on Portuguese culture, history and geography and, in order to draw meaning from their narratives, we have to look at them in an interdisciplinary way. This will be possible through the advancement of the project's visual identity, both by developing the visuals of the associated repository and website and by the inclusion of digitised images of the illustrations present in the works incorporated in our database. Therefore, in this article, we will start by demonstrating the importance of illustrations and images in literary works; we will then delimit the illustrations that can be found in the "Anglophone Travellers in Portugal" project, and we will finish by describing the process of scanning, categorizing and organizing the generated images. This account will allow us not only to share our findings with the public but also to pave the way for new stories, discoveries and participations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the protest movements of education workers in Brazil, highlighting the importance of these initiatives for improving the educational system. Despite being often marginalized by stereotypes that aim to maintain the neoliberal status quo, these movements play a crucial role in the fight for rights and better working conditions. The research focuses on the origins of associations and trade unionism, with a concise analysis of the National Confederation of Education Workers (CNTE) and the National Confederation of Workers in Educational Establishments (CONTEE). To provide a comprehensive view, we use the Geographic Information System (GIS) QGIS to cartographically represent the presence and activities of these entities, overcoming the limitations of traditional hegemonic representations. Data collection was carried out using microdata from the Ministry of Labor and Employment (MTE), documentary analysis of the entities' statutes, and review of theses, dissertations and academic articles, highlighting the need for on-site research on CONTEE. The manuscript also addresses the historical context of the birth of associations and unions, from the end of the 19th century, through the civil-military dictatorship, until the achievement of rights established by the 1988 Constitution. The analysis reveals how resistance during the dictatorial regime was fundamental for the redemocratization and consolidation of trade unions. By exploring the relationship between Geography and trade union movements, this work highlights the social construction of space and its implications for power dynamics and class relations in the educational system. The interaction between geography and history is emphasized, providing a deeper understanding of the processes of organization and action of education workers and their impacts on the social and educational space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The decline in geography programs in the United States since the 1980s and general questions about the utility of a geography degree is a long-running thread in the discipline's shared identity. With recent closures of geography undergraduate programs and a projected "demographic cliff" of traditional college-aged students in the coming years, understanding how and why certain geography programs are under threat is crucial. Drawing on an underappreciated source for the study of geography course enrollments, this article examines enrollments in undergraduate geography courses between 1948 and 2000 to understand the discipline's larger standing in the U.S. academic landscape. By examining historical undergraduate course enrollment, as opposed to the number of graduates, it is possible to better hypothesize and understand the ramifications for the decline of programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Interuniversitaria de Formación del Profesorado is the property of Asociacion Universitaria de Formacion del Profesorado (AUFOP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this conceptual article, we posit that Black life matters in the Black Belt of the American South. We connect two current trends in rural educational research--a return to questions of place and sincere attention to race as a crucial conversation in the field--and provide readers with an introduction to Black Geography as a means to inform rural education research. By offering this theoretical lens, we hope to build capacity in the field to take on inquiries related to spatial and educational equity issues related to race in rural education. Taking our queues from McKittrick, we present four areas as lines of inquiry for rural educational research: (a) interrogating quantitative research designs, (b) creating critical topographies of local geography and history, (c) mapping education policy and implementation, and (d) collecting stories about the educational debt owed to Black students. We invite rural educational scholars to consider concepts from Black Geography and employ these lines of inquiry in order to ask better research questions, strengthen research designs, and enhance the contributions drawn from research findings. We view these lines of inquiry as holding the potential for humanizing rural educational spaces by centering Black livingness within the Black Belt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]