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Approaches to cultural sustainability in the historic environment aims to recognise and leverage their inherent cultural potential. Historic areas have been the focus of increased attention due to their significant cultural capacity compared to other urban areas. This study aims to develop a conceptual model for cultural sustainability in historic environments, using Structural Functionalism Theory as its analytical framework. Cultural sustainability is conceptualised as a comprehensive construct, with its components drawn from various charters, declarations, and international protocols related to the preservation of historic sites, established by organisations like the Organisation of World Heritage Cities, UNESCO, and ICOMOS since the 1990s. Some components have also been chosen based on prior research. Through documentary research and literature reviews, the functions of each component are aligned with Structural Functionalism Theory. The research results offer a detailed analysis of the cultural sustainability system. In this framework, symbolic capital, cultural neighbourhoods, authenticity, and value serve the functions of adaptation, goal attainment, integrity, and latent pattern maintenance, respectively. This analysis follows the principles of the Structural Functionalism Theory by examining the distinct functions and roles of these components at the secondary level. The historic environment of Dardasht provides a practical example where the model has been applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis of postgraduate theses in order to examine the way the term 'transformation' is handled in our country. Within the scope of the study, a bibliometric analysis was carried out by scanning postgraduate theses containing the keywords 'transformation', 'urban conservation area', 'historical environment', 'historical fabric' and 'registration' through the Higher Education Council (YÖK) National Thesis Center database. As a result of separating the overlapping theses with double and triple combinations, the sample number of the research was determined as 214 theses. During the bibliometric analysis, theses containing keywords were analysed according to thesis type, year of publication, university, institute, language, scientific field, supervisor title, number of pages, accessibility status and research type. After these analyses, 32 theses in which the subject of transformation in the historical environment was not covered were excluded from the analysis area and 182 theses were analysed according to research types. As a result of the findings, it was determined that sample analysis was mostly used as a research type in this field. During the sample analysis, provinces, districts, villages, quarter, neighborhoods, streets, regions, buildings, ancient cities, protected areas and islands were selected as sampling areas under urban, regional, street and building groups. It is thought that this study will benefit public and private sector stakeholders working in the field of design and restoration in the historical environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historic environments are cultural monuments that contain the traces of cities over time and their tangible and intangible values. Reflecting the building material, construction technique, aesthetics, social, cultural and economic characteristics of the period in which they were built, the buildings have survived to the extent that they adapt to the changes in time. It has been determined that one of the main problems in the restoration of the building, which is refunctionalized according to today's needs, is 'how to adapt the new to the existing texture, how to establish the old-new relationship'. In this context, architectural design approaches for new buildings/additions in the historic environment were analyzed. Since 1931, international principles, standards and declarations have been compiled. The industrial heritage in the Grade 3 archaeological site in Cumhuriyet Quarter, Tarsus District, Mersin Province is the study area of Boğaziçi University Gözlükule Excavations Research Center. The research design is based on the intervention decisions taken in the restoration of the building, design criteria and the impacts of the socioeconomic changes of the city on the building. As a result, the building was restored with similar - neutral approaches and suggestions were presented to increase its relationship with the urban person. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mass graves have for millennia been incorporated in the historic environment, often to conceal the dead. As a result of conflict, they form one part of the destruction of communities, and are intrinsically linked to wider destruction of historic and cultural heritage. They are symbolic of efforts to control the landscape by contesting groups. Repeated patterns in the properties of mass graves and related destruction can be identified. The investigation of crimes under international law have recognised these properties and the interlinked nature of destruction of communities. Archaeological methods provide an important resource for investigators to undertake a now established formal process of gathering criminal evidence and accounting for the missing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Characterized by the separation of facade and interior space, facadism emerged with the real estate development oriented urban redevelopment in the United States at the end of the 1970s, and took on a more flexible mode after the 1990s. This article puts facadism under the background of urban redevelopment anc makes an in-depth study on the development of facadism in the field of historic environment conservation and utilization in the United States. By examining the transformation of urban redevelopment mode after the World War II, it explains the political and economic background of facadism. Through the post-modern turn of architecture, urban planning and heritage conservation, it illustrates its theoretical foundation. Through the gambling process among different institutions in Washington D.C., it studies its formation mechanism. Through the loss of material space and social culture, it also explaines its consequences. On this basis, this article calls for the conservation of real material and intangible historical heritage in urban redevelopment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nicosia Walled City, on the northern side of Cyprus, encapsulates historical imprints from various cultures and civilizations within its layered structure, despite being a divided city since 1974. Based on this beautiful Medieval sequence, this study investigates the implications of architectural design approaches aimed at incorporating contemporary architecture into this heterogeneous historic city to conserve its historical identity. While the threats facing this diverse built heritage composition are various, the changes brought about by design outcomes and development actions can be challenging. This is especially so when designers are obligated to adhere to conservation principles that clash with the city's character and that resort to design strategies that prohibit the addition of new layers. This study employed a mix of qualitative and quantitative research methods and examined three case studies based on buildings that were erected during the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus period, spanning from 1983 to when the crossing began in 2003. This study's conclusions revealed that the design schemes negatively impacted the city's historical identity layers because the designers followed selective conservation principles that entirely concentrated on nostalgia rather than typological values. Rather than creating new layers, preferences energized this problem, and the designers' attitudes towards the place's heterogeneous character maintained the same context uniformity patterns. Efforts to add sequences of layers reflecting the identity of the present time and its perceptions were thwarted. These reductions in the historical layers, the subsequent transformations, and the current social–cultural necessities should stimulate individual determination and practical policy instruments. The tools proposed here will accommodate inclusive ideas that encourage fresh dialogues with the past, thus keeping the city's identity significant for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High Speed 2 (HS2) will be the largest programme of historic environment investigation and recording works ever undertaken in the UK. It is certain that the creation of HS2's historic environment physical and digital archive (High Speed Two Ltd. 2023) is an integral part of the lasting legacy of the programme, which presents an unprecedented opportunity for significant knowledge creation. HS2 historic environment works that have been undertaken for Phase One of HS2 between London to the West Midlands has resulted in a substantial digital archive, including Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data. This data paper highlights the GIS spatial datasets generated from the HS2 Phase One historic environment fieldwork programme. It explains the technical components of the datasets which are deposited with the Archaeology Data Service (ADS).

Historic centres provide their inhabitants with identity and well-being. Although studies focus on the conservation of the built environment, in recent years the environmental component of historic centres has also been analysed. Issues such as ecosystem services and biodiversity have become more pressing due to rapid population growth, development and the climate crisis. Green spaces in historic centres often conserve biodiversity, as they tend to be protected spaces. This article presents two case studies in Castellón de la Plana (Spain) with the aim of analysing the relationship between the built environment and avian biodiversity. The study uses a four-phase process. The first phase incorporates a review of recent literature to select biodiversity indicators, while the second focuses on open data analysis and incorporation into GIS software. The third phase consists of field data collection and the mapping of biodiversity indicators. Finally, phase four involves the preparation of thematic maps, which allows us to visualize behavioural patterns connecting bird colonies with the morphology of the built environment in order to draw relevant conclusions that can help improve biodiversity. The analysis allowed the calculation of eight indicators and the identification of building typologies, the percentage of green areas and the inspection of features promoting avian biodiversity. In total, 31 bird species were detected, 27 in the historic centre of Castellón and 26 in the historic centre of the Grao district. Among them, the mapping distribution of three endangered species demonstrates their dependence on these historic built habitats. Apus apus, Passer domesticus and Delichon urbicum are present in 97, 82 and 56% of grids, respectively, with ANOVA correlation confirming these species densities found. The study is somewhat limited in the use of the line transect method due to the potential structural biases intrinsic to the unique nature of the districts assessed.

Palaeoecological records can provide important information on past cultural and economic activities and landscape change. Wetland sites in particular provide remarkable depository opportunities for such remains. Yet these deposit and site types are often not fully appreciated and are undervalued in terms of their place in our culture and history. This article explores reasons for this and suggests ways in which better collaboration between disciplines and sectors can be achieved. We also highlight the work that Historic England has been carrying out and funding, signposting the organisation's publications and guidance. In doing so, we demonstrate that Historic England is an advocate of wetlands and their heritage values, and is concerned with their protection, rather than only historic buildings, scheduled monuments and other designated sites, as it is commonly perceived. Through this we hope to establish partnerships and develop networks across sectors with those who are interested in wetlands, leading to better integrated working practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contemporary architecture, within the historic urban settings, is acquired as the contribution of the current time to a particular existing ambience, whereas new interventions are expected to be significant authorship achievements. This paper discusses the new qualities within the historic urban fabric produced by the contemporary interventions, in particular, those of balanced contrast. Such new spatial contributions may be applied on different levels (ambience (urban), object and detail), while each of them is expected to produce added qualities. Built on different theories about space qualities and characteristics, this paper evaluates selected examples by distinguishing three major groups of produced qualities (physical, economic and socio-cultural). This paper also suggests balanced contrast applied to new interventions within the valuable historic ambience as an acceptable approach. Finally, the correlation of all comprising elements of the newly design objects with the surroundings is emphasised to be important in producing new values.

Although historical areas have significant unique architectural, historical and cultural values, and urban patterns, the physically degraded/damaged and deteriorated urban fabric of historical environments does not completely fulfill the contemporary needs of residents, which leads to low levels of resident satisfaction. As a result, this study examines the factors affecting residential satisfaction in a historic area to enhance satisfaction. Toward this objective, the present study selects the historical area of Famagusta, North Cyprus, and conducts a comprehensive survey among 129 households. Furthermore, the present study assesses residential satisfaction by incorporating socio-demographic, household environment, local historic housing renovation rules, and sense-of-place factors as well as applying the logit regression approach to find reliable results. Moreover, this study performs bootstrap Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) logistic regression to rank the importance of variables instead of relying on the size of estimated coefficients. To the best of our knowledge, this is among the first studies to conduct this nexus and the results could significantly contribute to the literature. Remarkably, the results reveal that the residential environment, local historical housing renovation rules, and sense of place have significant and positive effects on residential satisfaction, implying that these factors have a significant role in raising residents' satisfaction levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In aspiring to investigate diverse industrial and technological collections the Congruence Engine project highlights the fragmentation and loss of knowledge that often occurs when an industry or an individual workplace closes, or when a technology becomes obsolescent or redundant. Until relatively recently (often due to narrow institutional responsibilities and collecting policies) the heritage sector has had little ability to secure a holistic understanding of workplaces and the inter-connectedness of people, places, technology, objects and their associated records. The Historic England Archive, which is essentially a place-based collection, may be unfamiliar to many in the museum sector and academia. This paper introduces its archive collections that relate to industry and technology, describes their evolution through past recording and collecting policies and discusses how they might be used to further a deeper contextualisation of museum objects. A case study of recent work at the Science Museum to secure the historical legacy of post-war power stations follows. It describes the processes and challenges involved in collecting large industrial heritage objects and illustrates how closer working relationships between heritage institutions might ensure that a more rounded response is made to the loss of obsolescent industries, plant and technologies.

The United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration places ecosystem rehabilitation at the forefront of global efforts to restore biodiversity and tackle climate change. From a cultural and historical perspective, peatland environments are essential for the preservation of important archaeological sites, artefacts and palaeoecological records that do not survive on drier landscapes. Peatland degradation and destruction has in the past resulted in the damage and loss of significant numbers of sites and those that remain are vulnerable to human activities and processes associated with climate change. Although peatland restoration offers significant positive benefits for the in situ preservation of surviving peatland archaeology, explicit consideration of the nature and vulnerability of the archaeological resource tends to be omitted from academic discussions and practical peatland restoration schemes. This short communication highlights the key issues associated with the maintenance and protection of the cultural heritage of peatlands and concludes that improved communication between heritage and peatland restoration programmes and agendas is now urgently needed to ensure the preservation in situ of archaeological sites and deposits.

Ignoring the historic and cultural dimensions of landscapes makes environmental planning unsustainable, which in the long run, will have a negative impact on both the environment and society. This paper examines the work and perceptions of practitioners with a focus on the role of historic and cultural landscape dimensions and their relation to the recent implementation of the ecosystem service framework in sustainable environmental planning. Semi-structured interviews with officials at local and regional planning levels in a Swedish case study showed that the historical landscape forms the basis for environmental work. Respondents expressed an integrated view of the landscape, and historic and cultural landscape dimensions were considered important in the initial planning process. However, several challenges existed later in the planning process and final decision-making, such as conceptual ambiguities, unclear policy and assignments, limited cross-sectorial coordination and lack of awareness, knowledge, resources and other priorities. The results also show that the respondents worked regularly with intangible landscape dimensions, which can be defined as cultural ecosystem services, but they do not label them as such. Furthermore, established knowledge and expertise of heritage planning was not activated in the implementation of the ecosystem service approach. We conclude that historic and cultural landscape dimensions are not ignored in practice, but there is a need to articulate these aspects more clearly in order to achieve sustainable environmental planning. There is also an unexplored opportunity to connect skills and create new forms of cross-sectorial collaboration between heritage planning and the ES approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In aspiring to investigate diverse industrial and technological collections the Congruence Engine project highlights the fragmentation and loss of knowledge that often occurs when an industry or an individual workplace closes, or when a technology becomes obsolescent or redundant. Until relatively recently (often due to narrow institutional responsibilities and collecting policies) the heritage sector has had little ability to secure a holistic understanding of workplaces and the interconnectedness of people, places, technology, objects and their associated records. The Historic England Archive, [1] which is essentially a place-based collection, may be unfamiliar to many in the museum sector and academia. This paper introduces its archive collections that relate to industry and technology, describes their evolution through past recording and collecting policies and discusses how they might be used to further a deeper contextualisation of museum objects. A case study of recent work at the Science Museum to secure the historical legacy of post-war power stations follows. It describes the processes and challenges involved in collecting large industrial heritage objects and illustrates how closer working relationships between heritage institutions might ensure that a more rounded response is made to the loss of obsolescent industries, plant and technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nicosia Walled City, on the northern side of Cyprus, encapsulates historical imprints from various cultures and civilizations within its layered structure, despite being a divided city since 1974. Based on this beautiful Medieval sequence, this study investigates the implications of architectural design approaches aimed at incorporating contemporary architecture into this heterogeneous historic city to conserve its historical identity. While the threats facing this diverse built heritage composition are various, the changes brought about by design outcomes and development actions can be challenging. This is especially so when designers are obligated to adhere to conservation principles that clash with the city’s character and that resort to design strategies that prohibit the addition of new layers. This study employed a mix of qualitative and quantitative research methods and examined three case studies based on buildings that were erected during the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus period, spanning from 1983 to when the crossing began in 2003. This study’s conclusions revealed that the design schemes negatively impacted the city’s historical identity layers because the designers followed selective conservation principles that entirely concentrated on nostalgia rather than typological values. Rather than creating new layers, preferences energized this problem, and the designers’ attitudes towards the place’s heterogeneous character maintained the same context uniformity patterns. Efforts to add sequences of layers reflecting the identity of the present time and its perceptions were thwarted. These reductions in the historical layers, the subsequent transformations, and the current social–cultural necessities should stimulate individual determination and practical policy instruments. The tools proposed here will accommodate inclusive ideas that encourage fresh dialogues with the past, thus keeping the city’s identity significant for the future.

Historic environments represent the evolution of materials and techniques that have been used for the construction these environments over the centuries. Entering into the study of this field entails working not only on the crafts that have constructed these environments but also on the people who made, used, and reinterpreted them by learning about the craftsmen and the idiosyncrasies of the place. The study has adopted several methodologies as reference to examine the material and cultural reality of the rural region of Valencia, Spain. Through the adaptation of international methodologies, researchers have carried out a digital database that compiles and maps out the results of the Local Character Assessment of ten Histotiric Urban Cores by incorporating the historical, architectural, and social values to reinforce the Territorial Heritage Action Plan. One of the critical innovations adopted by this form of assessment is the compulsory integration of tangible and intangible heritage through the active involvement of users and makers. Another innovation is to understand the values behind the dynamism and transformation of historic sites. Hence, this study advances theory and practice on the transmission of knowledge among artisans, researchers, and the population and how contemporary practices help acquire new meanings that overlap the past ones.

This study is a preliminary evaluation carried out to determine the current conservation problems related to historical water structures by conducting a literature and field review. The effects of these problems on the water structures were discussed under the headings of embankments and pools, aqueducts, water towers, water chambers, cisterns, fountains, sabils, shadirvans, and hammams. The study has shown that the surviving water structures have lost their function and relations with each other to a large extent, and are difficult to perceive in the density of the city. However, some embankments and the pools they are associated with keep on collecting water and functioning for settling, and also some fountains and shadirvans maintain distributing water but there are problems arising from material deterioration in these structures. The investigations have revealed that the historical water structures have seen the greatest damage from the zoning movements. In this context, many of them were removed from their original places or were placed in different locations, and the waterways between the facilities were destroyed. Investigations have also shown that faulty repairs, improper use, environmental pollution, lack of regular maintenance and conservation are other prominent factors in the deterioration of water structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historical environment requires a respectful act of conservation with a view to sustain cultural heritage. The increasing trend of continuous change in cities is associated with emergent requirements in physical, economic, and socio-cultural fields. There is an ongoing quest for solutions in the fields of architecture and urban planning aimed to accommodate the ever-changing conditions. Nevertheless, despite the projects at city and building scale, the same are uncontrolled or inadequate at the detail scale. Therefore, approaches adopted in the industrial product design level may fall outside the scope of the conservation project in historical environments. The use of urban furniture is required in the public squares in historical environments. However, these products may be in disharmony with their historical environment and have an appearance that harms the urban culture. In case negligent installation techniques are used for the equipment element, this may lead to destruction of the historical environment and hinder the sustainability of cultural values. The "urban equipment element" term was adopted for the general definition of the objects, products, elements, equipment, units, and modules investigated within the scope of the study. The present article aimed to investigate the criteria that could ensure that urban equipment elements were in harmony with the historical environment and help with conserving cultural heritage. The design and classification criteria of urban equipment elements were investigated within the framework of the integrity and harmony of the historical city. For the purposes of the field study, the criteria associated with the functional type, user type, assembly technique, duration of use, infrastructure use along with visual relationship (form-color-tissue-material) in interaction with historical environment, and experiential relationship with environment in the scope of the historical vicinity of Hagia Sophia and Sultan Ahmed Square were analyzed. It was concluded as a result of the that urban equipment elements in historical environments should be designed in an original appearance in harmony with cultural heritage in relation to each other; thus, cultural sharing and transfer might also benefit from experiential relationship with the historical environment; and furthermore, combining multiple functions in urban equipment elements would eliminate visual chaos in the historical environment, contributing to visual harmony. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of historic places and assets on community wellbeing has been the focus on many studies for more than two decades now, with latest policy and academic research focusing more on mental and physical health benefits from engagement with heritage for individuals and certain groups as well. This paper presents a first, comprehensive realist review of wellbeing benefits and pathways through which those emerge. Benefits related to exposure to or engagement with historic places are discussed, attempting a classification of academic papers and empirical published studies, according to various types of place experiences (range from experiencing to living in a historic environment). The complexity of defining what heritage is, lies in the heart of unpicking any wellbeing benefits stemming from experiencing or engaging with it. The evidence are structured under eight key ‘pathways to wellbeing’, summarising effects through identity, experience, capabilities changes (direct effects) or wider improvements on wellbeing through quality of one's living environment (indirect effects). The multiplicity of wellbeing aspects (from eudemonic to hedonic, personal or social) observed and the indirect health-related outcomes mapped further perplexes the evidence reporting, as different interventions may trigger and generate different health and wellbeing outcomes. The papers aims to assist further researchers to understand better the ways in which heritage activities can stimulate mental or physical health outcomes directly or indirectly, improve reporting across different types of places and help study the mechanisms of how these benefits occur at the individual and community level in further depth.

The current approach to retrofit has failed to deliver the promised reductions in energy use in the built environment, but it has exposed many historic buildings to maladaptation, and is threatening many more. This paper argues that the problem rests in a classic misalignment between the intentions behind retrofitting, and the means being used to assess retrofit options. Underlying issues include a poor understanding of how buildings were designed and operated before the Industrial Revolution radically changed our approaches to materials, construction, and use. This pre-carbon past still has much to teach us, with lessons that can be integrated with the best of the modern tools. But this requires careful planning for the long term, together with a much more flexible approach to modelling and assessment. This paper suggests a simple approach that might be used to unlock whole-life energy or carbon assessment, encouraging feedback and sharing of knowledge to achieve the rapid improvement needed to tackle the climate emergency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research focusing on climate change and cultural heritage informs heritage management and policy. Fatorić and Seekamp assessed this field up to 2015, highlighting the need for periodic reassessment of the field given the observed growth and research that documents how cultural heritage contributes to climate change mitigation and adaptation. Five years on, this systematic review reflects on the state of the art by evaluating 165 publications (2016–2020) about cultural heritage and climate change. We find the field continues to grow, and remains rich in disciplinary and methodological diversity, but predominantly represents research in and about Europe. The number of publications about integrating cultural heritage into adaptation and mitigation are increasing but remain relatively few compared to those about physical impacts on individual buildings or sites. The impact of climate change on intangible heritage has rarely been the sole focus of recent research. Although researchers are increasingly situating their research in a wider context of opportunities and barriers, vague timescales, and unspecific references to changes in the natural environment are additional limitations. This review also identified a lack of international collaboration, highlighting the urgent need for global cooperation and knowledge exchange on climate change and cultural heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Each listed public body must set, publish and report on their well-being objectives linked to all of the seven well-being goals - a prosperous Wales, a resilient Wales, a healthier Wales, a more equal Wales, a Wales of cohesive communities, a Wales of vibrant culture and thriving welsh language, and a globally responsive Wales.[12] This Act also deals with the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and climate change adaptation. 44 Cadw, "Flooding and Historic Buildings in Wales." https://cadw.gov.wales/sites/default/files/2019-07/Flooding%20and%20Historic%20Buildings%20in%20Wales%20Eng.pdf 45 Historic Environment Group Climate Change Subgroup, I Sector Adaptation Plan i , Section 6 47-52. 46 Welsh Government, "2010 Climate Change Strategy for Wales." https://gov.wales/sites/default/files/publications/2019-04/climate-change-strategy-summary.pdf. Such an approach is seen as achievable for a small nation where multiple forums exist to bring organisations together, for example HEG, the Association of Local Government Archaeological Officers (ALGAO: Cymru), the Council for British Archaeology (CBA Wales) and Wales's Built Heritage Forum. The Historic Environment and Climate Change SAP now provides more detail to the Caring for the Historic Environment section of I Prosperity for all: A climate conscious Wales i [49] and does now place the historic environment sector in Wales in an advanced position. [Extracted from the article]

Ignoring the historic and cultural dimensions of landscapes makes environmental planning unsustainable, which in the long run, will have a negative impact on both the environment and society. This paper examines the work and perceptions of practitioners with a focus on the role of historic and cultural landscape dimensions and their relation to the recent implementation of the ecosystem service framework in sustainable environmental planning. Semi-structured interviews with officials at local and regional planning levels in a Swedish case study showed that the historical landscape forms the basis for environmental work. Respondents expressed an integrated view of the landscape, and historic and cultural landscape dimensions were considered important in the initial planning process. However, several challenges existed later in the planning process and final decision-making, such as conceptual ambiguities, unclear policy and assignments, limited cross-sectorial coordination and lack of awareness, knowledge, resources and other priorities. The results also show that the respondents worked regularly with intangible landscape dimensions, which can be defined as cultural ecosystem services, but they do not label them as such. Furthermore, established knowledge and expertise of heritage planning was not activated in the implementation of the ecosystem service approach. We conclude that historic and cultural landscape dimensions are not ignored in practice, but there is a need to articulate these aspects more clearly in order to achieve sustainable environmental planning. There is also an unexplored opportunity to connect skills and create new forms of cross-sectorial collaboration between heritage planning and the ES approach.

The article describes different international examples of how new public buildings were inserted into a historic urban environment. It highlights social and professional challenges in the context of high complexity of modern building technologies used for theatres and museums. The article is focused on design and construction practices in big Russian cities.

This paper examines the conservation history of the Ankara Acropolis, today named 'Hacı-Bayram District', and the spatial change in this historic environment linked to the development of urban conservation since the foundation of the Turkish Republic in 1923. We drew upon archival research such as old maps, aerial images, former analyses, technical plans and project reports, legal decisions by conservation boards and a field survey to illustrate the morphological change triggered by conservation attempts. Hacı-Bayram District is a unique heritage site located in the old town of Ankara, the capital of Turkey, and has a symbolic square in which religious histories co-exist through the Augustus Temple and Hacı-Bayram Veli Mosque on top of the city's ancient Acropolis. This historic district was one of the first in which urban conservation and development projects were implemented, during the construction of the modern Turkish capital, and has witnessed dramatic transformation, in the name of urban renewal. The findings of this study demonstrate an exceptional spatial representation of changing concepts of conservation in line with the Turkish planning system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the reasons that lead to the current crisis of the heritage preservation sector in Hungary are manifold, it is worth looking into what might be done to draw attention to some issues that may help consolidate the ground of common values; the foundation, upon which a meaningful dialogue can be constructed, leading to the appreciation of and willingness to care for the historic environment by all actors. There seems to be a hidden conflict between the values of conservation experts and those of laypeople. Possessing thorough knowledge about the nature of historical and architectural values and trained to easily identify these, we are bound to focus more on people, their meanings and values. Much can be learned from pervious, human-centred architectural theory and practice, some of which are reviewed in the study, with special attention to the work of Gyula Hajnóczi. Referring to his space theory and ideas about the perception of space, we are especially grateful for his term homo aedificator suggesting that architecture satisfies material and spiritual needs universal to all human beings. Recognizing the challenges that stem from the differences between architects and non-architects, and likewise, heritage professionals and laypeople, the concepts of environmental psychology can help us show the way to universal values. We look into the method of the semantic differential scale to identify the affective meanings of built historic environments. The first steps of an empirical psychological research allow us to see into the minds and hearts of heritage professionals by assessing how they qualify the subject of their daily expertise. While these preliminary results are definitely intriguing, shedding light on how professionals tend to give meaning, our research continues with the aim to reveal the attitudes and meanings people associate with built historic heritage and find viable tools to mitigate the discrepancies between the profession and the general public. Miközben a magyarországi műemlékvédelem jelenlegi válságának számos oka lehet, érdemes figyelmet fordítanunk arra, hogy mit tehetünk azért, hogy megerősítsük a közös értékek talaját; azt az alapot, amire olyan értelmes párbeszédeket építhetünk, melyek a történeti környezet értékelése és törődése iránti hajlandósághoz vezetnek. Egyre gyakrabban üti fel a fejét az a rejtett ellentét, ami a műemlékes szakértők és a laikusok értékei között feszül. Szakértőként, átfogó ismerettel a történeti és építészeti értékekről, melyeket megtanultunk könnyen azonosítani, hasznos lehet a figyelmünket az emberekre, az ő jelentésadásaikra és értékeikre fordítanunk. Sokat okulhatunk a korábbi, ember- központú építészetelméleti és gyakorlati példákból, melyek közül néhányat tanulmányunkban átte- kintünk, kiemelve Hajnóczi Gyula munkásságát. Térelméletére és térészlelési gondolataira hivat- kozva, különösen hálásak vagyunk a homo aedificator fogalmáért, utalva arra, hogy az építészet minden emberi lény anyagi és szellemi igényeit kielégíti. Felismerve az építész–nemépítész és ehhez hasonlóan a műemlékes szakember–laikus közötti különbözőségek kihívásait, a környezetpszicholó- gia segíthet az univerzális értékek felé vezető út megtalálásában. A szemantikus differenciál módsze- rét hívjuk segítségül az épített történeti környezet érzelmi jelentésének feltárására. Empirikus kutatá- sunk első lépéseivel betekintést nyerünk a műemlékes szakemberek vélekedéseibe, pontosabban abba, hogy hogyan minősítik szakértelmük tárgyát. Bár már ezek az előzetes eredmények is – melyek rávilágítanak arra, hogy a szakemberek hogyan értelmezik a műemlékeket – érdekesek lehetnek, kuta- tásunk azzal a céllal folytatódik, hogy általánosságban feltárjuk az emberek vélekedéseit és a történeti épületeknek tulajdonított jelentéseket. Eredményeinkkel használható eszközöket kívánunk nyújtani a szakmabeliek és a laikusok közötti ellentétek feloldására. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historic environments represent the evolution of materials and techniques that have been used for the construction these environments over the centuries. Entering into the study of this field entails working not only on the crafts that have constructed these environments but also on the people who made, used, and reinterpreted them by learning about the craftsmen and the idiosyncrasies of the place. The study has adopted several methodologies as reference to examine the material and cultural reality of the rural region of Valencia, Spain. Through the adaptation of international methodologies, researchers have carried out a digital database that compiles and maps out the results of the Local Character Assessment of ten Histotiric Urban Cores by incorporating the historical, architectural, and social values to reinforce the Territorial Heritage Action Plan. One of the critical innovations adopted by this form of assessment is the compulsory integration of tangible and intangible heritage through the active involvement of users and makers. Another innovation is to understand the values behind the dynamism and transformation of historic sites. Hence, this study advances theory and practice on the transmission of knowledge among artisans, researchers, and the population and how contemporary practices help acquire new meanings that overlap the past ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Managing historic environment and cultural heritage are important not only from the conservation of cultural assets and local environment but it is also necessary to consider the perspectives from the community. This paper aims to examine a case study focusing on houses and local resources in the center of Kudoyama, known as the gateway town to the World Heritage Site, Koyasan in Wakayama, Japan. Study methods used are field observations and literature reviews. From the results, characteristics of the town center of Kudoyama became clear as follows; about half of all houses have been built with single or semi-second story houses to form relatively reduced height of skylines. Thus, it creates viewpoints to surrounding mountains within the town center on undulating landform. In terms of local resources, a variety of natural and historic elements have been found to create a historic environment in town center of Kudoyama. In addition, some traditional design of houses is representing the similarities with surrounding areas of the World Heritage Sites of Yoshino and Koyasan. In future, managing cultural landscape may be necessary to balance the needs of the community and tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a multi-cultural experience based on architectural heritage that took place between 2014−2016 with 555 primary/secondary school students from six European partner countries: Belgium, Greece, Italy, Poland, Portugal, with Turkey as the coordinator. The project entitled 'C.A.T.C.H' is a European Union Erasmus + Project and consists of 16 activities designed for children around architectural themes as an instrument for creating an awareness of the built environment and cultural values. The six interrelated activities prepared by the author and based on the 'learning by playing' method aimed to inform children about their architectural heritage and the historic environment. The outputs of the multi-cultural project comprised a book, a website, six e-magazines, a Facebook page and a glossary of architectural terms. The impact of the project can be seen through the adaptations of other courses, the establishment of new relations with architecture schools, the participation in national competitions and the permanent/temporary exhibitions of the outputs of the children. The results of this project show clearly that national education programmes need courses based on cultural values and architectural heritage in order to increase children's awareness and to remind them of their role in its conservation while strengthening their cultural identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Values have long provided essential foundation for cultural heritage policy and practice. Traditionally these values were determined by heritage experts and employed by agencies responsible for managing and protecting heritage for society and the future. Such values tended to focus on authorised and normative views of the past. More recently, heritage values have been applied with greater flexibility but to be effective this more flexible approach requires a good understanding of different perspectives. Only through understanding such differences and their implications can heritage genuinely have relevance to everyone in society. In some areas, we think this understanding may be deficient. In this paper we set out new findings which demonstrate that individuals with autism form different types of attachment towards buildings and places and create and respond to heritage values in different ways to neurotypical people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Archaeological studies with the help of geographic information systems and remote sensing have been used in temporal, spatial, regional analysis and to investigate traditional and historical ways of human life. Remote sensing alludes to a wide variety of high-technology methods for collecting data pertaining to the physical or chemical properties of an archaeological site survey. The aim of this study is to identify the archaeological site of Makli graveyard and Banbhore fort through satellite images and explore the major land cover patterns on the southern part of Sindh province using geospatial technologies. Additional goals are to evaluate and visualize the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for the southern part of Sindh province. A landsat-8 OLI / TIRS of 20th December 2014 and a DEM image were used to classify land cover and artifacts at the site. The result indicates that historical monuments at Makli, and Banbhore fort, Thatta testify in an outstanding manner, to the civilization of the Sindh region. geographically, its location is vulnerable around the river. Banbhore has survived such threats and continued to flourish as the only and most important port of Sindh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hobby metal detecting is a controversial subject. Legal and policy approaches differ widely across national and regional contexts, and the attitudes of archaeologists and heritage professionals towards detectorists are often polarized and based on ethical or emotive arguments. We, the European Public Finds Recording Network (EPFRN), have implemented collaborative approaches towards detectorist communities in our respective contexts (Denmark, England and Wales, Finland, Flanders, and the Netherlands). Although our motivations are affected by our national circumstances, we base our work on an agreed set of goals, practices, and visions. This article presents the EPFRN's vision statement and provides insight into its underlying thoughts. We hope to create a debate on how to develop best practice approaches that acknowledge the inherent challenges of hobby metal detecting while realizing its potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historical artefacts, monuments and buildings are an integral part of the socio-cultural, architectural and aesthetic features of the past civilizations. Cultural heritage, which is accepted as the common property of humanity, reflects the feelings and thoughts of civilizations that have lived from past to present. Fountains that are an integral part of the historical and cultural environment of a city are one of the most outstanding structures, as they are built to reflect the architectural and socio-cultural characteristics of the city. They am considered to be a bridge between the past and the future, and thus it is extremely important to ensure their sustainability as well as their preservation. The aim of this study was to document the historical fountains found in the city center of NiÄŸde within the Cappadocia Region, create a report on these structures and draw attention to the issues regarding their preservation. For this purpose, a total of 13 fountains which are located in the center of NiÄŸde were examined. The material and construction techniques and typologies of these fountains were determined and finally their physical conditions and reasons for their deterioration were investigated. In general, among the reasons for the deterioration of the fountains were found to be longterm natural and human effects. Preserving these fountains which are in danger of destruction and loss of function is a must in order to transfer such historical and cultural assets to the future. From this point of view, it is considered that this study will contribute greatly to future preservation and restoration works on these historical fountains which once served for a substantial social need of urban life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study consists of research about the historical development of the Gedikpasa neighborhood in the Fatih district of Istanbul, Turkey, an analysis of the social and physical changes in this neighborhood over the centuries, documentation of existing historical buildings, and a recommendation about preserving and restoring the cultural heritage of Gedikpasa. Gedikpasa was established in Roman times. Various ethnic groups have lived and co-existed in the district over the centuries and have contributed to the diverse socio-cultural characteristics of the neighborhood. Monuments were built during the reign of Fatih Sultan Mehmet and the traditional building architecture of Gedikpasa, consisting of a grid street plan formation, was formed in the 19th century. Local residents of Gedikpasa started to leave the neighborhood in the 1960s, which led to a social change, followed by an architectural change. Gedikpasa was transformed from a mainly residential area into a commercial area, and as a result, the traditional characteristics have largely disappeared. Today, Gedikpasa is mainly ruins. The local government has plans in place to convert the neighborhood into a touristic and commercial area. As part of this study, both the historical and the current state of Gedikpasa were documented, and socio-cultural and architectural features were analyzed. A recommendation for the preservation and restoration of the social and physical heritage of the district was developed as a result of this analysis.