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Over the past two decades there has been an alarming decline in amphibian populations globally. Among the causes of this phenomenon is environmental pollution by chemical factors which can have very harmful effects on the liver and kidneys. The objectives of the present work was to describe the histology of the Peltophryne empusa liver, suggesting a possible explanation for the abundant pigmentation detected in its parenchyma. Two females and two males were collected in an agricultural area of Artemisa province, Cuba. The specimens were dissected; liver fragments were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and were subjected to the classic paraffin embedding technique. The sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Mallory's trichrome and Gomory's trichrome. Other liver portions were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde and processed for transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the liver histology was similar to that of other amphibians; however, numerous pigment bodies observed were Kupffer cell-derived melanomacrophage centers, the presence and abundance of which is discussed in the present work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the effect of oregano oil on the intestinal and liver morphometry of yellow tail tetra, Astyanax altiparanae. Fish (1.46 ± 0.09 g) were kept in a 60-L aquaria, at a stocking density of 0.5 fi sh L-1. Six diets containing varying amounts of oregano oil were evaluated (0.0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0 and 2.5 g of oregano oil kg-1). At the end of 90 days, the fi sh were euthanised. Four intestines and four livers were collected per treatment, which were fi xed in Bouin and embedded in resin. For height and width folds, the absorption surface area and thickness of the muscular layer a positive linear effect of oregano oil was observed. A decrescent linear effect on the total number of goblet cells was also observed. For the cytoplasmic percentage of hepatocytes and liver glycogen, a positive linear effect of oregano oil was observed. There was a decreasing linear effect on the percentage of nuclei in the hepatocytes and capillaries. Thus, the oregano essential oil promotes increased absorption areas, modulates the amount of goblet cells involved in protecting the intestinal mucosa and promotes cytoplasmic increase with greater deposition of liver glycogen in yellow tail tetra.

Livers of thirty specimens of Astyanax altiparanae obtained from a commercial fish farm were subjected to light and transmission electron microscopy, in order to describe the hepatic parenchyma and the intrahepatic exocrine pancreatic tissue. Anatomically, theliver showed only three hepatic lobes. Histological analysis demonstrated that the hepatocytes were spread out as anastomotic cords, arranged in two cellular layers and surrounded by sinusoids. The intrahepatic exocrine pancreatic tissue exhibited an acinararrangement and was diffused in the hepatic parenchyma. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the hepatocytes had a rounded nucleus and a rough endoplasmatic reticulum, with a parallel disposition to the nuclear membrane. The exocrine pancreatic cells showed secretion granules at the apical portion, and the rough endosplasmatic reticulum was concentrically distributed.Fígados de 30 exemplares de Astyanax altiparanae, obtidos de pesqueiros, foram submetidos à microscopia de luz e à microscopia eletrônica de transmissão para descrição do parênquima hepático e do tecido pancreático exócrino intrahepático. Anatomicamente, o fígado apresenta somente três lobos hepáticos. A análise histológica demonstra que os hepatócitos se encontram arranjados na forma de cordões anastomosados, dispostos em duas camadas celulares, sendo que estes estão cercados por sinusóides. O tecido pancreático exócrino intra-hepático apresenta arranjo acinar difuso pelo parênquima hepático. A análise ultraestrutural demonstra que os hepatócitos possuem um núcleo arredondado e retículo endoplasmático rugoso, com disposição paralela à membrana nuclear. As células pancreáticas exócrinas apresentam grânulos de secreção na porção apical e retículo endoplasmático rugoso com distribuição concêntrica.

Hemogram and serum biochemistry (aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamiltransferase, total protein, urea, creatinine, calcium and phosphorus) were performed weekly in five crossbreed bovine after consumption of a diet containing citrus pulp pellets (40%), for 43 days. Percutaneous hepatic biopsy and histologic evaluation were performed in each animal before and after consumption of the citrus pulp diet. Hemogram, the enzymes aspartate aminotransferase and gamma glutamiltransferase, urea and creatinine had normal levels at the end of the experiment. No histologic lesions were observed in liver samples before or after citrus pulp consumption. However, there was an increase of serum phosphorus and reduction of serum calcium (p

INTRODUCTION: to evaluated the type histopathological hepatic lesions and opportunistic agents in Brazilian HIV-infected patients. METHODS: we examined 52 percutaneous liver biopsies of 50 HIV-infected patients who had at least two of the following conditions: fever of unknown origin, unexplained severe emaciation, hepatomegaly or abnormal liver chemistry. The specimens were cultured for mycobacteria and fungi and stained by standard procedures. RESULTS: reactive patterns, granulomatous hepatitis and chronic active hepatitis were verified in 28 (54%), 11 (21%) and 8 (15%) of the patients respectively. Opportunistic infections were diagnosed in 18 (36%) patients: mycobacteria in 12 (24%), Cryptococcus neoformans in 5 (10%) patients and mycobacteria and yeast was isolated from the same liver fragment in one patient. CONCLUSIONS: mycobacteriosis was the most common opportunistic infection and liver tissue culture is an important method to detect opportunistic agents, even in the absence of histological lesions.INTRODUÇÃO: avaliar os tipos de lesões histopatológicas e infecções oportunistas de Brasileiros infectados pelo HIV. MÉTODOS: Foram analisadas 52 biópsias hepáticas percutâneas de 50 pacientes que apresentavam pelo menos duas das alterações: febre de origem indeterminada, emagrecimento inexplicado, hepatomegalia ou anormalidades na bioquímica hepática. O fragmento de tecido hepático foi submetido a histopatologia por métodos habituais e cultura para micobacteria e fungo. RESULTADOS: padrão reacional, hepatite granulomatosa e hepatite crônica ativa foram encontrados em 28 (54%), 11 (21%) e 8 (15%) dos pacientes respectivamente. Infecções oportunistas foram diagnosticadas em 18 (36%) dos pacientes: micobacteria em 12 (24%), Cryptococcus neoformans em 5 (10%) pacientes e micobacteria e fungo foram isolados no mesmo fragmento em um paciente. CONCLUSÕES: micobacteriose foi a infecção oportunista mais comum e a cultura de tecido hepático foi um importante método para detecção de infecções, mesmo na ausência de lesões histológicas.

Fígados de 30 exemplares de Astyanax altiparanae, obtidos de pesqueiros, foram submetidos à microscopia de luz e à microscopia eletrônica de transmissão para descrição do parênquima hepático e do tecido pancreático exócrino intra-hepático. Anatomicamente, o fígado apresenta somente três lobos hepáticos. A análise histológica demonstra que os hepatócitos se encontram arranjados na forma de cordões anastomosados, dispostos em duas camadas celulares, sendo que estes estão cercados por sinusóides. O tecido pancreático exócrino intra-hepático apresenta arranjo acinar difuso pelo parênquima hepático. A análise ultraestrutural demonstra que os hepatócitos possuem um núcleo arredondado e retículo endoplasmático rugoso, com disposição paralela à membrana nuclear. As células pancreáticas exócrinas apresentam grânulos de secreção na porção apical e retículo endoplasmático rugoso com distribuição concêntrica