13 results on '"highland grassland"'
Search Results
2. Botanical Composition and Diet Quality of the Vicuñas (Vicugna vicugna Mol.) in Highland Range of Parinacota, Chile
- Author
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Giorgio Castellaro, Carla Orellana, Juan Escanilla, Camilo Bastías, Patrich Cerpa, and Luis Raggi
- Subjects
fecal nitrogen ,highland grassland ,microhistological technique ,nutritional ecology ,South American wild camelids ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
Understanding the botanical composition of herbivores’ diets and their nutritional quality is an important question in the development of sustainable strategies for the management of natural resources. In Chilean highland vicuña-grazed grasslands, there is little information in this regard and, therefore, this study aimed to determine the year-round profile of the diet’s botanical composition and quality. In highland grasslands, on an area of 21.9 ha, continuously grazed for 3.06 VU/ha/year (18°03′ S, 69°13′ W; 4425 m.o.s.l), twelve feces piles were sampled monthly and were analyzed through microhistology, and the nitrogen concentration [NF, OM basis] was determined. The botanical composition, diversity (J) and selectivity index (Ei) of the main species were estimated. Diets were composed of dry–grassland grasses (37.7%), wet–grassland grasses (36.6%), graminoids (14.3%) and forbs (10.2%). The diet diversity ranged from 0.79 (dry–winter) to 0.87 (wet–summer). The main dominant grassland species obtained negative Ei values. The annual mean value of [NF] was estimated as 1.82%, with a higher value in summer months (2.21%), which coincides with the physiological states of higher nutritional demand. The vicuñas behave like generalist ungulates, having a high degree of selectivity towards grass species, which mostly fulfill a nutritional role in subsistence and a functional role in survival, applying foraging strategies that allow them to obtain a better quality diet during the season of greatest nutritional demand.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Soil and altitude drive diversity and functioning of Brazilian Páramos (campo de altitude).
- Author
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Neri, Andreza Viana, Borges, Gladson Ramon Alves, Meira-Neto, João Augusto Alves, Magnago, Luiz Fernando Silva, Trotter, Ian Michael, Schaefer, Carlos Ernesto G. R., and Porembski, Stefan
- Subjects
EFFECT of altitude on plants ,PLANT diversity ,PHYTOGEOGRAPHY ,PLANT communities ,PLANT classification ,VEGETATION dynamics - Abstract
Aims: The vegetation on Brazilian Páramos consists of assemblages that are driven mainly by the influence of strong environmental filtering. It is very important to understand the effect of environmental variation on taxonomic diversity and on functional diversity. Considering the lack of information about the functional diversity in Brazilian Páramos, we analyzed for the first time the effects of altitude and edaphic attributes on functional traits, as well as on taxonomic and functional diversity. We also wanted to answer the questions: Which ecological strategies are favorable in high-altitude grassland? Does soil attributes determine distributions of traits in high-altitude grassland? Considering the studied altitudinal gradient is altitude an important variable in the community assembly? Methods: The study was conducted on three mountains: Mammoth (1850 m), Elephant (1790 m) and Totem (1690 m) in Serra do Brigadeiro State Park, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Those mountains represent the 'Serra das Cabeças', a smaller ridge that is surrounded by the Atlantic Forest, one of the 25 hotspot of biodiversity. The samples were taken using 100 plots of 1 m² per mountain that were randomly distributed. All plants except mosses were sampled. The taxonomic diversity was evaluated using richness, Shannon diversity, effective number of species and Pielou evenness. For the functional diversity, we considered the functional richness, functional evenness and functional divergence. Generalized linear models (GLM/Poisson and quasi-Poisson) were used to evaluate the effect of abiotic variables (altitude, soil depth and soil chemical attributes) on biotic variables (number of species and individuals, life form, dispersal and fruit type) and ordinary least squares regression to evaluate the effect of abiotic variables on the functional and taxonomic diversity. Important Findings: The soil variables presented a considerable edaphic gradient associated with altitude. The soil in Serra das Cabeças plays an important role for the plant diversity: richness and diversity index were positively related with fertility. With regard to the life form, nanophanerophytes tended to increase with altitude and soil depth, while therophytes tended to decrease with altitude. The dispersal type was also associated with the abiotic variables: autochory decreases with altitude, while zoochory increases. Functional richness increases with fertility and the functional evenness with altitude. The studied gradient showed that altitude is working as a filter for functional traits and indices and is, together with soil attributes, an important determinant for the distribution of plants on Brazilian Páramos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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- View/download PDF
4. Ecological distribution of stream macroalgal communities from a drainage basin in the Serra da Canastra National Park, Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil
- Author
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O. Necchi-Júnior, L. H. Z. Branco, and C. C. Z. Branco
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ecological distribution ,macroalgae ,mountain stream ,highland grassland ,Science ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
Twelve stream segments were sampled four times in 1998-1999 (one sampling per season) in the drainage basin of the upper São Francisco River (19º45'-21º25'S, 49º05'-51º30'W), situated in Serra da Canastra National Park, at altitudes ranging from 1,175 to 1,400 m. The macroalgae survey resulted in 30 species, with a predominance of Cyanophyta (12 species = 40%) and Chlorophyta (11 species = 36.5%) and a lower proportion of Rhodophyta (seven species = 23.5%). Two species, Klebsormidium rivulare (Chlorophyta) and Kyliniella latvica (Rhodophyta), were new records for Brazil. Capsosira sp. and Stigonema sp. (Cyanophyta) and the "Chantransia" stage of Batrachospermum (Rhodophyta) were the most widespread macroalgae, occurring in six sampling sites, whereas 11 species were found at only one site. The proportion of macroalgal morphological types were as follows: mats (33%), free filaments (27%), gelatinous filaments (27%), crusts (7%), tufts (3%), and gelatinous colonies (3%). The flora revealed few species in common (4%-8%) with stream macroalgae from other Brazilian regions. The macroalgal communities proved to have species richness values close to the highest values reported in previous studies. The patterns typical for stream macroalgal communities (patchy distribution and dominance of few species) were also found in this basin. However, the stream variables most influential in macroalgal distribution in this study (rocky substratum, low pH, high COD, water color, and current velocity) were essentially the same that best describe the limnological characteristics of this lotic ecosystem. In addition, this combination of variables differed sharply from results of previous studies in other Brazilian stream ecosystems.
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- 2003
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5. Botanical Composition and Diet Quality of the Vicuñas (Vicugna vicugna Mol.) in Highland Range of Parinacota, Chile
- Author
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Carla Orellana, Giorgio Castellaro, Camilo Bastías, Patrich Cerpa, Juan Escanilla, and Luis A. Raggi
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0106 biological sciences ,Range (biology) ,South American wild camelids ,Foraging ,highland grassland ,Generalist and specialist species ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Grassland ,Animal science ,lcsh:Zoology ,lcsh:QL1-991 ,Herbivore ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,lcsh:Veterinary medicine ,General Veterinary ,biology ,nutritional ecology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,biology.organism_classification ,microhistological technique ,fecal nitrogen ,Forb ,lcsh:SF600-1100 ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Composition (visual arts) ,Vicugna - Abstract
Understanding the botanical composition of herbivores&rsquo, diets and their nutritional quality is an important question in the development of sustainable strategies for the management of natural resources. In Chilean highland vicuñ, a-grazed grasslands, there is little information in this regard and, therefore, this study aimed to determine the year-round profile of the diet&rsquo, s botanical composition and quality. In highland grasslands, on an area of 21.9 ha, continuously grazed for 3.06 VU/ha/year (18°, 03&prime, S, 69°, 13&prime, W, 4425 m.o.s.l), twelve feces piles were sampled monthly and were analyzed through microhistology, and the nitrogen concentration [NF, OM basis] was determined. The botanical composition, diversity (J) and selectivity index (Ei) of the main species were estimated. Diets were composed of dry&ndash, grassland grasses (37.7%), wet&ndash, grassland grasses (36.6%), graminoids (14.3%) and forbs (10.2%). The diet diversity ranged from 0.79 (dry&ndash, winter) to 0.87 (wet&ndash, summer). The main dominant grassland species obtained negative Ei values. The annual mean value of [NF] was estimated as 1.82%, with a higher value in summer months (2.21%), which coincides with the physiological states of higher nutritional demand. The vicuñ, as behave like generalist ungulates, having a high degree of selectivity towards grass species, which mostly fulfill a nutritional role in subsistence and a functional role in survival, applying foraging strategies that allow them to obtain a better quality diet during the season of greatest nutritional demand.
- Published
- 2020
6. Flora arbustivo-arbórea do Parque Estadual do Jaraguá, São Paulo - SP.
- Author
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de Souza, Flaviana Maluf, Sousa, Rita de Cássia, Esteves, Rejane, and Corrêa Franco, Geraldo Antônio Daher
- Abstract
Copyright of Biota Neotropica is the property of Biota Neotropica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2009
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- View/download PDF
7. Campos de altitude subtropicais do Brasil : padrões e processos ao longo do tempo e do espaço
- Author
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Batista, Cássia Plá, Iganci, Joao Ricardo Vieira, and Heiden, Gustavo
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Pampa, Região ,Biogeografia ,Mata Atlântica ,Endemismo ,Highland grassland - Abstract
Os campos de altitude do sudeste da América do Sul possuem uma alta diversidade de plantas endêmicas. Estudos apontam para uma complexa história biogeográfica na formação da composição florística dessa região. O clima subtropical e as variações altitudinais, levam à existência de habitats heterogêneos e à presença de várias espécies únicas. A compreensão dos processos de diversificação em áreas específicas, altamente diversas, ao longo do tempo, permite inferir sobre os padrões históricos que influenciam na formação da flora e da paisagem. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo acrescer conhecimento sobre a dinâmica evolutiva das formações de altitude, como um primeiro passo para entender sua origem, elucidando processos históricos responsáveis pelo estabelecimento da flora atual. Para tanto, foram destacados táxons que apresentam alta representatividade, tanto nos Campos de Altitude brasileiros, quanto em áreas relacionadas ao foco do estudo: os Pampas, o Cerrado senso lato, a região andina e as regiões de altitude no sul da América do Norte e América Central (Mesoamérica). Foram realizadas análises filogenéticas datadas independentes, juntamente com análises de Dispersão, Extinção e Cladogênese (DEC) e mapeamento estocástico biogeográfico (BSM) para obter estimativas de área ancestral, assim como número relativo de eventos de dispersão e a época em que estes ocorreram. Os resultados mostram que existem conexões pretéritas entre as áreas e foram nos últimos 7 milhões de anos que a maioria destes eventos de dispersão ocorreram. Radiações nos Campos de Altitude do Brasil são majoritariamente recentes e a maior interação se deu com os Pampas. Além disso, o grande número de radiações locais indica que a área prioriza eventos de diversificação in situ em detrimento de eventos de intercâmbio com as demais áreas, especialmente as áreas mais distantes. The southeast highland grasslands of South America present high biodiversity and many endemic plants. Several studies point that a complex biogeographic history is related to the floristic composition of this region. Biotic and abiotic factors influenced the diversification and distribution plants patterns over time. The tropical-subtropical climate of this region shows a latitudinal gradient that, added to the variations in altitude, provides the existence of heterogeneous habitats and several exclusive species. In this thesis, our aim was to understand the diversification processes over time in plant lineages that present high diversity in the highland grasslands, allowing us to infer about the historical patterns that led to the formation of the current landscape in this region. Thus, we updated and taxonomically review the plant species endemism list from the highland grasslands in southern Brazil through extensive research based on taxonomic studies, protologues, and herbarium specimens, comprising a vast database with historical and current information. We performed molecular phylogenetic analyzes, with estimates of the time of divergence and distribution of four taxa that have high representativeness both in the highland grasslands and in the other areas related to the study - Pampa Biome, Cerrado sensu lato, the Andean region and grassland regions in southern North and Central America (Mesoamerica). These approaches allowed us to improve our understanding of the taxonomy, phylogeny, and evolutionary historical biogeography of the highland grasslands of South America. As a result, we updated the list of endemism in Brazil's subtropical highland grassland to 273 taxa (23.5% of its flora), representing 40 families and 117 genera, highlighting 57 taxa reported as endemic to this region for the first time. Moreover, we showed the existence of past connections between the highland grassland and the Andes region, although most dispersal events involving the highland grasslands were concentrated in the last seven million years. The Pampa appears as the area that currently shares more taxa with the highland grasslands, and the large number of local radiation observed for the studied area indicates the events of diversification in situ as more frequent than events of vicariance with more distant areas.
- Published
- 2020
8. First record of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infecting threatened populations of Tandilean Red-belly toad (Melanophryniscus aff. montevidensis) in Argentina.
- Author
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Agostini, María Gabriela, Cortelezzi, Agustina, Berkunsky, Igor, Soler, Gabriela, and Burrowes, Patricia
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CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS ,AMPHIBIANS ,MOUNTAIN grasslands - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad is the property of Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Instituto de Biologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Botanical Composition and Diet Quality of the Vicuñas (Vicugna vicugna Mol.) in Highland Range of Parinacota, Chile.
- Author
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Castellaro, Giorgio, Orellana, Carla, Escanilla, Juan, Bastías, Camilo, Cerpa, Patrich, and Raggi, Luis
- Subjects
ANIMAL nutrition ,UPLANDS ,NATURAL resources management ,RANGE management ,SUSTAINABLE development - Abstract
Simple Summary: For the proper management of grazing wild ungulates, it is very important to know the botanical composition and quality of their selected diets. In the case of the vicuña, a wild camelid that lives in the Chilean highlands, there is little information related to these aspects. Therefore, in this work, the variations in the botanical composition and quality of their diets throughout the year were studied, which were estimated by analyzing the plant fragments found in the feces and the concentration of nitrogen within them. The vicuña mainly selects grasses from dry and wet grassland but is also capable of selecting other species, such as graminoids and dicotyledonous herbs. These plants contribute to obtaining a diverse and high-quality diet, this being an efficient foraging strategy to be able to consume a good quality diet, mainly in the months of high nutritional demand, which coincides with the summer rainy season. Understanding the botanical composition of herbivores' diets and their nutritional quality is an important question in the development of sustainable strategies for the management of natural resources. In Chilean highland vicuña-grazed grasslands, there is little information in this regard and, therefore, this study aimed to determine the year-round profile of the diet's botanical composition and quality. In highland grasslands, on an area of 21.9 ha, continuously grazed for 3.06 VU/ha/year (18°03′ S, 69°13′ W; 4425 m.o.s.l), twelve feces piles were sampled monthly and were analyzed through microhistology, and the nitrogen concentration [NF, OM basis] was determined. The botanical composition, diversity (J) and selectivity index (E
i ) of the main species were estimated. Diets were composed of dry–grassland grasses (37.7%), wet–grassland grasses (36.6%), graminoids (14.3%) and forbs (10.2%). The diet diversity ranged from 0.79 (dry–winter) to 0.87 (wet–summer). The main dominant grassland species obtained negative Ei values. The annual mean value of [NF] was estimated as 1.82%, with a higher value in summer months (2.21%), which coincides with the physiological states of higher nutritional demand. The vicuñas behave like generalist ungulates, having a high degree of selectivity towards grass species, which mostly fulfill a nutritional role in subsistence and a functional role in survival, applying foraging strategies that allow them to obtain a better quality diet during the season of greatest nutritional demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Primer registro de Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infectando poblaciones amenazadas del sapito de panza roja de Tandil (Melanophryniscus aff. montevidensis) en Argentina
- Author
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Igor Berkunsky, María Gabriela Agostini, Agustina Cortelezzi, Patricia A. Burrowes, and Gabriela Soler
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Pastizales de altura ,Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis ,Otras Ciencias Biológicas ,AMPHIBIANS ,Anfibios ,Melanophryniscus ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https] ,Amphibians ,Ciencias Biológicas ,Chytridiomycosis ,Highland grassland ,HIGHLAND GRASSLAND ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https] ,CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,POPULATION DECLINE ,biology ,Ecology ,Population decline ,biology.organism_classification ,Declinación poblacional ,Threatened species ,Quitridiomicosis ,CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS - Abstract
Presentamos el primer registro de Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infectando poblaciones amenazadas del sapito de panza roja de Tandil (Melanophryniscus aff. montevidensis). Obtuvimos muestras de hisopados de piel de 32 individuos cuyos resultados indicaron una prevalencia del 35.5% y niveles de infección que variaron entre 0.34-915 equivalentes genómicos de Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Este hallazgo representa una nueva amenaza que, conjuntamente con la alta fragmentación del hábitat, podría estar afectando la viabilidad de las poblaciones estudiadas. We present the first record of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) infecting endangered populations of the Tandilean Red-belly toad (Melanophryniscus aff. montevidensis). We obtained skin swab samples of 32 individuals. The prevalence was 35.5% and the infection levels varied between 0.34 and 915 Bd-genomic equivalents. This finding represents a new threat that could be affecting, in conjunction with the high habitat fragmentation, the viability of the studied populations. Fil: Agostini, Maria Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: Cortelezzi, Agustina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Ecosistemas y Desarrollo Sustentable; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Berkunsky, Igor. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Ecosistemas y Desarrollo Sustentable; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Soler, Gabriela. Instituto Superior de Formación Docente y Técnica Nº 10 “Dr. Osvaldo Zarini”; Argentina Fil: Burrowes, Patricia. Universidad de Puerto Rico; Puerto Rico
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- 2015
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11. Ecological distribution of stream macroalgal communities from a drainage basin in the Serra da Canastra National Park, Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil
- Author
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Luis Henrique Zanini Branco, Orlando Necchi-Júnior, Ciro Cesar Zanini Branco, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), and Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO)
- Subjects
macroalgae ,River ecosystem ,QH301-705.5 ,Science ,Drainage basin ,Fresh Water ,highland grassland ,Chlorophyta ,lcsh:Botany ,lcsh:Zoology ,Dominance (ecology) ,Ecosystem ,lcsh:QL1-991 ,Biology (General) ,lcsh:Science ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Population Density ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,biology ,Ecology ,National park ,riacho de montanha ,Botany ,Eukaryota ,ecological distribution ,mountain stream ,biology.organism_classification ,lcsh:QK1-989 ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,QL1-991 ,QK1-989 ,macroalgas ,distribuição ecológica ,campo de altitude ,lcsh:Q ,Species richness ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Klebsormidium ,Zoology ,Brazil ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-19T13:51:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003-11-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-07-19T14:08:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1519-69842003000400010.pdf: 1463760 bytes, checksum: 9ab3d85dbeec4c05d7ab32bb08b2ab33 (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Doze segmentos de riachos foram amostrados quatro vezes em 1998-1999 (uma amostragem em cada estação) na bacia de drenagem do alto rio São Francisco (19o45’-21o25’S, 49o05’-51o30’W), situado no Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, em altitudes de 1.175 a 1.400 m. O levantamento das macroalgas resultou em 30 espécies, com predominância de Cyanophyta (12 espécies = 40%) e Chlorophyta (11 espécies = 36,5%) e menor proporção de Rhodophyta (sete espécies = 23,5%). Duas espécies, Klebsormidium rivulare (Chlorophyta) e Kyliniella latvica (Rhodophyta), constituem novos registros para o Brasil. Capsosira sp. e Stigonema sp. (Cyanophyta) e o estágio “Chantransia” de Batrachospermum (Rhodophyta) foram as macroalgas mais amplamente distribuídas, ocorrendo em 6 pontos de amostragem, enquanto 11 espécies foram encontradas em apenas um ponto. As proporções de tipos morfológicos de macroalgas foram as seguintes: emaranhado de filamentos (33%), filamentos livres (27%), filamentos gelatinosos (7%), crostas (7%) e tufos e colônias gelatinosas (3%). A flora teve poucas espécies em comum (4%-8%) com macroalgas lóticas de outras regiões brasileiras. As comunidades de macroalgas mostraram-se ricas, com valores de riqueza de espécies próximos aos mais altos anteriormente reportados. Os padrões típicos para comunidades de macroalgas lóticas de distribuição em mosaico e dominância de poucas espécies também foram encontrados nessa bacia. Entretanto, as variáveis ambientais mais influentes sobre a distribuição de macroalgas neste estudo (substrato rochoso, baixos valores de pH e altos de DQO, cor da água e velocidade da correnteza) foram essencialmente as mesmas que melhor descreveram as características limnológicas desse ecossistema lótico. Além disso, essa combinação de variáveis foi nitidamente diferente dos resultados de estudos anteriores em outros ecossistemas lóticos brasileiros. Twelve stream segments were sampled four times in 1998-1999 (one sampling per season) in the drainage basin of the upper São Francisco River (19 masculine 45'-21 masculine 25'S, 49 masculine 05'-51 masculine 30'W), situated in Serra da Canastra National Park, at altitudes ranging from 1,175 to 1,400 m. The macroalgae survey resulted in 30 species, with a predominance of Cyanophyta (12 species = 40%) and Chlorophyta (11 species = 36.5%) and a lower proportion of Rhodophyta (seven species = 23.5%). Two species, Klebsormidium rivulare (Chlorophyta) and Kyliniella latvica (Rhodophyta), were new records for Brazil. Capsosira sp. and Stigonema sp. (Cyanophyta) and the Chantransia stage of Batrachospermum (Rhodophyta) were the most widespread macroalgae, occurring in six sampling sites, whereas 11 species were found at only one site. The proportion of macroalgal morphological types were as follows: mats (33%), free filaments (27%), gelatinous filaments (27%), crusts (7%), tufts (3%), and gelatinous colonies (3%). The flora revealed few species in common (4%-8%) with stream macroalgae from other Brazilian regions. The macroalgal communities proved to have species richness values close to the highest values reported in previous studies. The patterns typical for stream macroalgal communities (patchy distribution and dominance of few species) were also found in this basin. However, the stream variables most influential in macroalgal distribution in this study (rocky substratum, low pH, high COD, water color, and current velocity) were essentially the same that best describe the limnological characteristics of this lotic ecosystem. In addition, this combination of variables differed sharply from results of previous studies in other Brazilian stream ecosystems. Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas (IBILCE), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO) Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas de São José do Rio Preto FAPESP: 1998/01108-8 CNPq: 520551/96-6 CNPq: 300128/97-5 CNPq: 520257/01-4
- Published
- 2003
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12. Flora arbustivo-arbórea do Parque Estadual do Jaraguá, São Paulo - SP
- Author
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Rita de Cássia Sousa, Rejane Esteves, Flaviana Maluf Souza, and Geraldo Antônio Daher Corrêa Franco
- Subjects
Soil depth ,floresta ombrófila densa ,Forestry ,highland grassland ,Biology ,savanna ,cerrado ,Nature Conservation ,ombrophilous dense forest ,florística ,campo de altitude ,tropical rainforest ,floresta estacional semidecidual ,seasonal semi-deciduous forest - Abstract
O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a flora arbustivo-arbórea do Parque Estadual do Jaraguá (PEJ), a fim de contribuir para o conhecimento de sua diversidade. Foram feitas coletas mensais de material reprodutivo dos indivíduos arbustivos e arbóreos ao longo de três trilhas, durante um período de 12 meses. O levantamento resultou em uma lista florística contendo 262 espécies nativas, de 153 gêneros e 55 famílias. As famílias mais representativas foram Fabaceae, com 30 espécies, Myrtaceae (26), Asteraceae (24), Melastomataceae (20), Lauraceae (16) e Rubiaceae (15). Assim como relatado para outros remanescentes da região metropolitana de São Paulo e entorno, a vegetação do PEJ está situada em uma zona de transição, onde predomina a floresta ombrófila densa, com a presença de algumas espécies de floresta estacional semidecidual. Destaca-se ainda a existência de uma outra fitofisionomia em uma região de afloramentos de rocha e solo raso, onde ocorrem espécies de cerrado, e que merece estudos específicos. Nessa área, a vegetação é predominantemente herbácea, com árvores e arbustos esparsos, em geral de pequeno porte e com tronco suberoso. Especificamente nessa formação, foram registradas 55 espécies pertencentes a 41 gêneros e 18 famílias, das quais 22 não ocorreram nos outros locais amostrados. A família com maior riqueza foi Asteraceae (15 espécies), seguida por Myrtaceae (7), Fabaceae (5) e Melastomataceae (4). Em todo o levantamento, foram contabilizadas 20 espécies exóticas. Apesar de grande parte da vegetação do Parque ser secundária e estar exposta a fortes pressões antrópicas, foram encontradas 14 espécies presentes em alguma das categorias existentes nas listas oficiais de espécies ameaçadas, reforçando a importância do PEJ para a conservação da biodiversidade. The objective of this study was to characterize the floristic composition of trees and shrubs of the Jaraguá State Park (PEJ), contributing to the knowledge of its biodiversity. Reproductive botanic material was collected along three trails during a 12-month period. The field survey resulted in a flora of 262 native species, 153 genera and 55 families. Fabaceae was the richest family (30 species), followed by Myrtaceae (26), Asteraceae (24), Melastomataceae (20), Lauraceae (16) and Rubiaceae (15). As mentioned for other forest remnants in São Paulo metropolitan region and surroundings, the PEJ vegetation is in a transition zone, where the main formation is the ombrophilous dense forest, but where species of seasonal semi-deciduous forest also occur. Besides that, there is a completely different phytophysiognomy occurring in a region with rocky outcrops and low depth soils, in which cerrado species were found, and that deserves more specific studies. In this site, the vegetation of grasses is the most abundant, and there are also shrubs and trees sparsely distributed, many of them with low height and suberous trunk. Most specifically in this area there were 55 species of 41 genera and 18 families, from which 22 did not occur in the other sites visited. Asteraceae was the family with the higher number of species (15), followed by Myrtaceae (7), Fabaceae (5) and Melastomataceae (4). Twenty exotic species were found along the trails. Despite the fact that PEJ has a big area of secondary vegetation and that it is exposed to strong anthropogenic pressures, there were 14 species belonging to some threat category defined at the official red lists, reinforcing the importance of the Park for biodiversity conservation.
- Published
- 2009
13. Ecological distribution of stream macroalgal communities from ' Parque Nacional de Itatiaia' , states of Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Author
-
Orlando Necchi Júnior, Luis Henrique Zanini Branco, Daniel Nunes Spezamiglio, and Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
- Subjects
macroalgae ,geography ,River ecosystem ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,National park ,Ecology ,Atlantic rainforest ,lotic ecosystem ,highland grassland ,Biology ,macroalga ,Grassland ,Diversity index ,distribuição ,distribution ,campos de altitude ,Dominance (ecology) ,Shading ,Species richness ,mata atlântica ,ecossistema lótico ,Tropical rainforest - Abstract
Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:52:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-84042008000100012.pdf: 146752 bytes, checksum: b4176644793ea0826a83cb28a77a42f6 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:52:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-84042008000100012.pdf: 146752 bytes, checksum: b4176644793ea0826a83cb28a77a42f6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:43:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-84042008000100012.pdf: 146752 bytes, checksum: b4176644793ea0826a83cb28a77a42f6 (MD5) S0100-84042008000100012.pdf.txt: 45326 bytes, checksum: 6093c4d129316c136dc53deb562ca3ae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T14:03:24Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-84042008000100012.pdf: 146752 bytes, checksum: b4176644793ea0826a83cb28a77a42f6 (MD5) S0100-84042008000100012.pdf.txt: 45326 bytes, checksum: 6093c4d129316c136dc53deb562ca3ae (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T14:03:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-84042008000100012.pdf: 146752 bytes, checksum: b4176644793ea0826a83cb28a77a42f6 (MD5) S0100-84042008000100012.pdf.txt: 45326 bytes, checksum: 6093c4d129316c136dc53deb562ca3ae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) O Parque Nacional de Itatiaia (PNI) inclui duas formações vegetais brasileiras em seus limites: floresta pluvial tropical atlântica (MA) e campos de altitude (CA). Foram amostrados 14 pontos, sete em cada formação vegetal, em duas estações do ano (verão e inverno). Foram encontradas 29 espécies de macroalgas, sendo 15 espécies em MA e 19 espécies em CA, com apenas cinco espécies em comum. A riqueza de espécies por ponto de amostragem variou de 1 a 7 (2,9 ± 2,0), o índice de diversidade de Shannon-Wiener (H') de 0 a 0,94 (0,24 ± 0,26) e a cobertura percentual de 0 a 35% (14,0 ± 12,5%). Estes valores situaram-se dentro da amplitude reportada em trabalhos prévios sobre macroalgas lóticas. A análise de regressão múltipla revelou que as variações de temperatura explicaram 39,2% da variação da abundância e 35,5% da riqueza de espécies a ainda que 54,8% da variação da diversidade foi explicada por Demanda Química de Oxigênio (DQO) e pH. Análise de grupamento das comunidades de macroalgas do PNI não agrupou pontos das mesmas regiões (MA e CA). Análise de Componentes Principais separou claramente os pontos amostrados das regiões de MA e CA, bem como das estações do ano estudadas (inverno e verão), influenciados mais fortemente pela temperatura, sombreamento, pH, altitude, potássio e DQO. Os padrões gerais de distribuição em mosaico e dominância por poucas espécies descritos para comunidades de macroalgas lóticas foram corroborados pelos dados do PNI, sugerindo que parecem ser universais para tais comunidades. Itatiaia National Park (INP) includes two kinds of Brazilian vegetation within its limits: Atlantic tropical rainforest (AF) and highland grassland (HG). Fourteen sites were sampled, seven in each region (AF and HG), in two seasons (summer and winter). Twenty nine species of macroalgae were surveyed, from which 15 in AF and 19 in HG, with only five species in common. Species richness per sampling site ranged from 1 to 7 (2.9 ± 2.0), Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') from 0 to 0.94 (0.24 ± 0.26) and percent cover from 0 to 35% (14.0 ± 12.5%). These values fitted within the range reported in previous studies on lotic macroalgae. Multiple regression analysis revealed that temperature variations accounted for 39.2% of abundance and 35.5% of species richness variations and also that 54.8% of diversity variations were explained by variations of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and pH. Cluster analysis of macroalgal communities of INP did not group sites from the same regions (AF and HG). Principal Component Analysis clearly separated the sampling sites of the two regions, as well as of the two seasons (summer and winter), mostly influenced by temperature, shading, pH, altitude, potassium and COD. The general patterns of patchy distribution and dominance by few species described for lotic macroalgal communities were corroborated by data from INP, suggesting that they seem to be universal for such communities. Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
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