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Fluorosilicone rubber is essential for sealing in extreme temperatures and non‐polar environments due to its exceptional adaptability. However, achieving a high yield of fluorosilicone polymers with medium and high fluorine content remains a challenge. Herein, a facile gradient strategy is developed that involves modifying the method of cyclic monomer addition based on the rate of ring‐opening polymerization (ROP), to improve yield and adjust fluorine content precisely. The polymerization process is designed and tailored based on the reaction rates of anionic ring‐opening polymerization (AROP) and cationic ring‐opening polymerization (CROP) via an efficient gradient strategy. The effects of the polymerization process on the viscosity and yield of vinyl fluorosilicone polymers and hydrofluorosilicone polymers are investigated and optimized. Notably, the as‐prepared vinyl‐terminated fluoromethylsilane with 60% fluorine content (FMS‐Vi‐60F) has a high yield (86.6%) and high viscosity (150 000 mPa·s) in a short reaction time, which is superior to previous methods. Clearly, the gradient ring‐opening method developed in this work provides a facile and efficient synthesis for fabricating fluorosilicone polymers with a high yield and tunable fluorine content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MXene (Ti3C2Tx) is renowned for its exceptional conductivity and hydrophilicity; however, the low yield of monolayers hinders its industrial scalability. Herein, we present a strategy to substantially enhance the monolayer yield by disrupting the hydrogen‐bonding cage confinement of multilayer MXene using high‐temperature ultrasound, challenging the conventional belief that monolayer MXene can only be prepared at lower temperatures. At approximately 70 °C, the weakened hydrogen bonding between the oxygen‐containing terminal groups of multilayer MXene and surrounding water molecules weakens the hydrogen‐bond cage confinement. This enables ultrasonic cavitation to generate more microbubbles that penetrate the interlayers of multilayer MXene, resulting in gentle and thorough delamination into larger monolayer nanosheets. Achieving up to a 95 % yield in just tens of minutes, these nanosheets exhibit properties comparable to those produced by traditional ice‐bath methods. Furthermore, the high‐concentration MXene ink produced on a large scale using this high‐yield approach exhibits excellent printing and processing capabilities, and the corresponding products showcase superior infrared stealth and Joule heating characteristics. This work addresses a key technical bottleneck in MXene production, paving the way for its extensive technological and industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guar is a typical legume cash crop native to India. Guar beans are ever-rising in the market share at present. Among them, the guar gum of its seed endosperm has been mainly used in the oil exploration industry. Water-based fracturing fluid can be formulated to increase the permeability of oil-bearing strata during oil production. In addition, guar gum is also widely used in paper making, textiles, food, spices, drugs, as well as mining and metallurgical industries. The nutrient-rich green seeds of guar beans are edible for food vegetables, due to a large amount of protein and a small amount of fat. The plant can be used as fodder and green manure. However, the low supply of guar gum on the market cannot fully meet the broad market space. Only a small number of planting areas of guar beans are suitable for the cultivation of guar beans in the food industry. Among them, Xinjiang located in the northwestern inland arid zone is very similar to the unique geographic conditions for the production and cultivation of guar beans. The temperature and heat conditions are suitable for the origin of guar, rich in the light and heat resources under the soil and water environment, with the high temperature difference between day and night, due to the scarce rainfall and high evaporation. But the relatively small region of guar bean planting still remains so far. Therefore a broad prospect can be expected to optimize the water and nitrogen management for the high crop yield and efficient use of water and nitrogen. This study aims to explore the water and nitrogen mode suitable for drip irrigation of guar beans under film in the Xinjiang area of China. Four irrigation levels were set: W1:1170 m³/hm², W2:1 530 m³/hm², W3:1 890 m³/hm², W4: 2 250 m³/hm²; Two levels of nitrogen application were: N1:30 kg/hm², N2:50 kg/hm². A systematic investigation was made to clarify the effects of water and nitrogen interaction on the growth index, yield, water, and nitrogen use efficiency, as well as the quality of guar bean during drip irrigation under film. The results showed that the coupling effect of water and nitrogen shared a significant effect on the yield, irrigation water use efficiency, and partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer (W3>W4>W2>W1). There was an increase in the plant height, stem diameter, dry matter accumulation, yield, water use efficiency, galactomannan, soluble sugar, and polysaccharide content of Guar bean under the N2 level, compared with the N1 level. Only the partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer decreased slightly. Principal component and membership function analysis showed that the optimal treatment was achieved in the irrigation amount of 1 890 m³/hm² and the nitrogen application rate of 50 kg/hm²(W3N2). The finding can also provide a theoretical basis to promote the yield, water, and nitrogen use efficiency of Guar bean under mulched drip irrigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soybean is an indispensable crop producing the majority of vegetative oils and proteins. China has been importing millions of ton of soy beans in recent years. Developing new varieties with favorable traits in both yield and resilience has great potential to meet the market needs in China. In this study, we bred a new variety (Xiangchun 37) which has been licensed by Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China in 2024. In the field tests, Xiangchun 37 showed medium maturity period (107.4 days from sowing to harvest), high yield (187.3 kg/667m2), and high seed oil content (22.19%). Overall assessment showed Xiangchun 37 had other favorable traits including the plant architecture and disease resistance. In conclusion, Xiangchun 37 is a new variety suitable for Hunan Province, China and has promising future for further genetic improvement as a germplasm with multiple favorable traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foxtail millet is an important cereal crop in the North China Plain. However, excessive nitrogen fertilizer application over the years has led to declining yield and soil quality. This study investigated nutrient management strategies for foxtail millet based on crop yield levels and soil nutrient availability. In a field where targeted fertilization was conducted over six seasons, nitrogen fertilization effects and the dynamics of soil-available nitrogen were monitored continuously for two consecutive years (2022–2023) across five different foxtail millet varieties with varying yield levels. The study aimed to determine the optimal nitrogen application rate for achieving a high yield of foxtail millet, the minimum soil nitrate threshold required to maintain soil fertility, and the effective nitrogen application rate range for sustaining soil-available nitrate levels. Results showed that fertilization significantly affected dry matter weight during flowering, while variety affected dry matter weight at maturity. The average nitrogen application rate for achieving high yield across all five millet varieties was 141.3 kg·ha−1. Specifically, the average nitrogen application rate of nitrogen-efficient varieties achieving high yield (5607.32–5637.19 kg·ha−1) was 151.5 kg·ha−1, while the average nitrogen application rate of nitrogen-inefficient varieties achieving high yield (4749.77–4847.74 kg·ha−1) was 134.5 kg·ha−1. Soil NH4+-N and NO3−-N content increased when nitrogen application rate exceeded 360 kg·ha−1, posing environmental risks. To achieve high yield, soil nitrate levels would be maintained at an average of 17.23 mg·kg−1 (before sowing) and 9.75 mg·kg−1 (at maturity). A relationship between soil nitrate and nitrogen application rate was established: y = 867.5 − 50z (where y represents the optimal nitrogen application rate for high yield (kg·ha−1), and z represents soil NO3−-N content in the 0–20 cm layer before sowing, ranging from 10.0 to 17.35 mg·kg−1), which provided a practical method for nitrogen fertilization to achieve high yield of foxtail millet. In this study, the fertilization strategy was optimized according to soil nutrient level and yield targets, and the nitrogen application rate was controlled within 360 kg·ha−1 based on the soil nitrate nitrogen content, which will be instructive for reducing fertilizer use, maximizing fertilizer efficiency, and increasing yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] To utilize existing resources to create new excellent restoring and sterile lines, and to breed new hybrid rice varieties with high yield, quality and disease resistance. [Method] The high-yielding, large panicle and strong stem (HR1128/Chenghui 727) F3 selected line was used as the female parent and the early maturing and blast resistant Wushan silk seedling was used as the male parent. A new restoring line Zhunongzhan 110 with strong restoring ability, good combining ability and resistance to rice blast was selected through multiple generations of selection and cross testing with multiple three line sterile lines. In the multi-point comparison experiment, the combination with Zhu 99A showed the characteristics of high yield, high quality, disease resistance and lodging resistance, so it was named Zhuyou 110. In 2020-2021, Zhuyou 110 participated in regional trials of late maturing medium Indica rice in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and photosensitive late Indica rice in southern China. [Result] In the regional trial of late maturing medium Indica rice in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the average yield of Zhuyou 110 in the two-year regional trial was 9.70 t/ hm², enhanced by 6.6% compared with CK. In the 2021 production test, the average yield was 10.13 t/ hm², enhanced by 5.9% compared with CK. It showed high yield, lodging resistance and moderate resistance to rice blast, which reached the second level of the Quality of Edible Rice Varieties (NY/ T 593— 2013) standard in the agricultural industry, approved by the National Crop Variety Approval Committee (Authorization code:Guoshendao 20220021). [Conclusion] Zhuyou 110 had the advantages of high yield, high quality, lodging resistance and moderate resistance to rice blast, which was suitable for planting one mid-season rice in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and double late-season rice in the southern rice region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the efficient conversion of castor oil to sebacic acid utilizing iron oxide (Fe2O3) loaded on activated carbons as catalysts. Through a combination of saponification, acidification, and catalytic cracking, sebacic acid was produced with a notable yield improvement. The process involved using liquid paraffin as a thinning agent, overcoming the limitations of traditional toxic agents. The catalysts were prepared via adsorption-precipitation-calcination methods, with ultrasonication pretreatment to enhance iron adsorption on activated carbons. The chemical composition, structure, and morphology properties were investigated by different characterizations; such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG). Systematic investigations into the adsorption capacity, catalytic activity, and operational parameters like temperature, reaction time, and catalyst recycling were conducted. The optimized method achieved a sebacic acid yield of 83.4%, significantly higher than traditional methods (60.2%), with improved safety and environmental impact. The study provides valuable insights into sustainable and efficient sebacic acid production which is crucial for industrial applications in processing of castor oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the level of heterosis and combining ability in cotton. Thirty five interspecific hybrids were generated by crossing five lines viz., GMS 14, GMS 17, GMS 19, GMS 21 and GMS 27 with seven testers namely CCB26, CCB51, DB1901, CCB2, CCB6, CO18 and Suvin in line x tester mating fashion. Twelve parents along with 35 hybrids and a standard check (DCH 32) were raised in a randomized block design with two replications to evaluate the combining ability and heterosis to identify good combiners and the best hybrids with high yield and fibre quality. The lines viz., GMS 14 and GMS 17 and the testers viz., CO 18 and Suvin were found to record significant gca effects for yield and fibre quality traits. Out of the 35 hybrids, GMS 14 x CO18, GMS 27 x Suvin and GMS 17 x CO18 recorded highly positive significant sca effects for most of the traits. The ratio between additive and dominant genetic variance was less than one for all the traits, indicating the preponderance of dominant gene action or non-additive gene action. The above three crosses also exhibited high heterosis over mid parent, better parent and standard check. Hence, these hybrids could be harnessed after analyzing their performance in yield trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a broadly utilized natural nanofiber produced by microbial fermentation, but its high-cost and low-yield production and limited function still hinder its application. Here, we used the spraying-assisted biosynthesis method to introduce biomass nanofibers along with the nutrient media to the fermenting BC. Biomass nanofibers could be cellulose, chitosan, and others. They entangled with BC nanofibers via intermolecular interactions, including hydrogen binding and electrostatic adsorption, to form uniform BC composites. The BC composites achieved an enhanced yield of ~140 wt% compared with pure BC and displayed similar excellent mechanical properties (Young's moduli = 0.9–1.4 MPa for wet films and =~6500 MPa for dried films). BC composites also had similar high crystallinity and thermal stability to pure BC. The functional groups of biomasses endowed BC composite additional functions such as antibacterial and dye-adsorption capabilities. Moreover, a high yield and functionalization could be realized simultaneously by feeding functional cellulose nanofibers. This method provides a facile way to produce BC composites with low cost, high yield, and multiple functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the level of heterosis and combining ability in cotton. Thirty five interspecific hybrids were generated by crossing five lines viz., GMS 14, GMS 17, GMS 19, GMS 21 and GMS 27 with seven testers namely CCB26, CCB51, DB1901, CCB2, CCB6, CO18 and Suvin in line x tester mating fashion. Twelve parents along with 35 hybrids and a standard check (DCH 32) were raised in a randomized block design with two replications to evaluate the combining ability and heterosis to identify good combiners and the best hybrids with high yield and fibre quality. The lines viz., GMS 14 and GMS 17 and the testers viz., CO 18 and Suvin were found to record significant gca effects for yield and fibre quality traits. Out of the 35 hybrids, GMS 14 x CO18, GMS 27 x Suvin and GMS 17 x CO18 recorded highly positive significant sca effects for most of the traits. The ratio between additive and dominant genetic variance was less than one for all the traits, indicating the preponderance of dominant gene action or non-additive gene action. The above three crosses also exhibited high heterosis over mid parent, better parent and standard check. Hence, these hybrids could be harnessed after analyzing their performance in yield trials.

Objectives: Developing a simplified flask fermentation strategy utilizing magnetotactic bacterium AMB-1 and optimized iron supplementation for high-yield magnetosome production to address the challenges associated with magnetosome acquisition. Results: A reliable processing for the pure culture of AMB-1 was established using standard laboratory consumables and equipment. Subsequently, the medium and iron supplementation were optimized to enhance the yield of AMB-1 magnetosomes. The mSLM supported higher biomass accumulation in flask fermentation, reaching an OD565 of ~ 0.7. The premixed solution of ferric quinate and EDTA-Fe (at a ratio of 0.5:0.5 and a concentration of 0.4 mmol/L) stabilized Fe3+ and significantly increased the reductase activity of AMB-1. Flask fermentations with an initial volume of 15 L were then conducted employing the optimized fermentation strategy. After two rounds of iron and nutrient supplementation, the magnetosome yield reached 185.7 ± 9.5 mg/batch (approximately 12 mg/L), representing the highest AMB-1 flask fermentation yield to our knowledge. Conclusion: A flask fermentation strategy for high-yield magnetsome production was developed, eliminating the need for bioreactors and greatly simplifying the process of magnetosome acquisition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For sustainable breeding in potato, a better understanding of genetic diversity within germplasm banks for sustainable breeding is needed. This study comprehensively characterised the molecular and phenotypic traits of 62 potato accessions, including advanced clones and indigenous potato varieties from Advanced Chemical Industries Limited (ACI Ltd.), Bangladesh, and 8 varieties from the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI). By using 9 SSR markers and 13 morphological traits, including both quantitative and qualitative traits, we observed correlation coefficients ranging from -0.3 to 0.7 for 8 quantitative traits, and Pearson's chi-square (χ2 value) ranging from 24.3 to 135.4 for 5 qualitative characteristics. Molecular analyses identified 46 unique alleles, with 93.5% polymorphism. The markers STM0031 and STM1016 had the highest PIC value of 0.9. Genetic parameters for SSR markers included effective number of alleles per locus (Ne) = 5.6, unbiased expected heterozygosity (uh) = 0.8, diversity (h) = 0.8 and Shannon's information index (I) = 1.8. Jaccard's similarity coefficients ranged from 0.2 to 0.8, representing significant diversity. Cluster analysis, using unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA), grouped the accessions into five clusters based on SSR profiles. An association was foud between the marker STM0031 and two traits: the number of tubers per hill and the content of reducing sugars in the tubers. This study provides information on genetic diversity and marker efficacy. It will guide future breeding programmes towards the development of high-yielding and industrially valuable potato varieties.

Jiajing 86 is a new variety of double-season late Japonica rice bred by Anqing Jiayuan Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., and the Rice Institute of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, which had the characteristics of broad adaptability, high quality and high yield. In 2021, it was approved by the Anhui Province Crop Variety Approval Committee and was recommended for demonstration and promotion in the single-season Japonica rice and double-season late Japonica rice areas of Anhui Province. We introduced the parental origins and breeding process of Jiajing 86, summarized its characteristics and cultivation techniques, aiming to provide references for the demonstration and promotion of Jiajing 86. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For sustainable breeding in potato, a better understanding of genetic diversity within germplasm banks for sustainable breeding is needed. This study comprehensively characterised the molecular and phenotypic traits of 62 potato accessions, including advanced clones and indigenous potato varieties from Advanced Chemical Industries Limited (ACI Ltd.), Bangladesh, and 8 varieties from the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI). By using 9 SSR markers and 13 morphological traits, including both quantitative and qualitative traits, we observed correlation coefficients ranging from -0.3 to 0.7 for 8 quantitative traits, and Pearson's chi-square (χ2 value) ranging from 24.3 to 135.4 for 5 qualitative characteristics. Molecular analyses identified 46 unique alleles, with 93.5% polymorphism. The markers STM0031 and STM1016 had the highest PIC value of 0.9. Genetic parameters for SSR markers included effective number of alleles per locus (Ne) = 5.6, unbiased expected heterozygosity (uh) = 0.8, diversity (h) = 0.8 and Shannon's information index (I) = 1.8. Jaccard's similarity coefficients ranged from 0.2 to 0.8, representing significant diversity. Cluster analysis, using unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA), grouped the accessions into five clusters based on SSR profiles. An association was foud between the marker STM0031 and two traits: the number of tubers per hill and the content of reducing sugars in the tubers. This study provides information on genetic diversity and marker efficacy. It will guide future breeding programmes towards the development of high-yielding and industrially valuable potato varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of innovative processes for eco-friendly, yet efficient, wood pulping is required to achieve higher sustainability than traditional processes. In this study, the potential use of deep eutectic solvent (DES) and its aqueous solutions as delignification medium for eucalyptus pulping is evaluated. The effects of temperature and water content in the DES on the pulping process were investigated. Additionally, traditional kraft pulping was performed as a reference. The integration of water into DES could facilitate delignification and preserve carbohydrates, and the optimal result of choline chloride-lactic acid (ChCl-LA) aqueous solution with 20 vol% water pulping process achieved the highest pulp yield (60.11 ± 0.29%) with a lignin removal of 87.59 ± 0.78% at 140 °C. Further analysis revealed that the obtained pulp with a degree of polymerization of 1498 and a crystallinity of 69.79% exhibited better physical properties than kraft pulp. Meanwhile, 80.11 ± 0.80% of the initial lignin in wood with lower condensation degrees, more homogeneous molecular weight distribution, and higher purity than kraft lignin was recovered by sample precipitation with water. This study indicates that ChCl-LA aqueous solution (20 vol% water) is the potential wood pulping system and provides a great reference for the sustainable development of the pulp and paper industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis is the property of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Micronanoelectronic Technology is the property of Micronanoelectronic Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Assessment of economic traits of germplasms, which are associated with genetic variation, is vital for mung improvement. Therefore, by wielding the randomized complete block design with 3 replications, a probe analysis using multiple trait stability indexing and analysis of variance with Duncan's test at p ≤ 0.05 is performed to compare the means of yield attributes. Moreover, simultaneous application of GA3 and NAA (50 mg/L each) was carried out at 30 DAS and at mid-flowering. Pondering not only factorial analysis but also correlation and path studies revealed that flower shedding before and 12 h after spraying is nearly detrimental to yield. In addition, yield/plant was positively (p

How to balance rice resistance and yield is an important issue in rice breeding. Plants with mutated necrotic lesion genes often have persistent broad-spectrum resistance, but this broad-spectrum resistance usually comes at the expense of yield. Currently, many necrotic lesion mutants in rice have been identified, and these genes are involved in disease resistance pathways. This review provides a detailed introduction to the characteristics, classification, and molecular mechanisms of necrotic lesion formation. Additionally, we review the molecular regulatory pathways of genes involved in rice disease resistance. Concurrently, we summarize the relationship between resistance and yield in rice using newly developed gene editing methods. We discuss a rational and precise breeding strategy to better utilize molecular design technology for breeding disease-resistant and high-yield rice varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences is the property of Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objectives] The paper was to analyze the yield characteristics of a new high-quality disease-resistant wheat variety Chuanmai 618. [Methods] The yield characteristics of Chuanmai 618 were analyzed using the AMMI model and GGE biplot based on data from a 2-year regional test and a 1-year production test. [Results] The analysis of the AMMI model for the 2-year regional test indicated that Chuanmai 618 had a moderate yield and good stability. During the production test, Chuanmai 618 had an average yield of 450. 52 kg/666.7 m², an effective spike of 235 700 spike/666.7 m², a 1000-seed weight of 47.93 g, and a kernel number per spike of 47.28. The AMMI analysis sequencing graph showed that the varieties were ranked in the following order Zhongkemai 1816 > Chuanmai 618 > Shumai 1958 > Chuanyu 42 > Mianmai 367 > Xikemai 5518. According to the GE analysis, Chuanmai 618 had comparative advantages. & Conclusions] The new wheat variety Chuanmai 618 is a high-quality disease-resistant variety with good yield and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades act as crucial signaling modules that regulate plant growth and development, response to biotic/abiotic stresses, and plant immunity. MAP3Ks can be activated through MAP4K phosphorylation in non-plant systems, but this has not been reported in plants to date. Here, we identified a total of 234 putative TaMAPK family members in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). They included 48 MAPKs, 17 MAP2Ks, 144 MAP3Ks, and 25 MAP4Ks. We conducted systematic analyses of the evolution, domain conservation, interaction networks, and expression profiles of these TaMAPK–TaMAP4K (representing TaMAPK, TaMAP2K, TaMAP3K, and TaMAP4K) kinase family members. The 234 TaMAPK–TaMAP4Ks are distributed on 21 chromosomes and one unknown linkage group (Un). Notably, 25 of these TaMAP4K family members possessed the conserved motifs of MAP4K genes, including glycine-rich motif, invariant lysine (K) motif, HRD motif, DFG motif, and signature motif. TaMAPK3 and 6, and TaMAP4K10/24 were shown to be strongly expressed not only throughout the growth and development stages but also in response to drought or heat stress. The bioinformatics analyses and qRT-PCR results suggested that wheat may activate the MAP4K10–MEKK7–MAP2K11–MAPK6 pathway to increase drought resistance in wheat, and the MAP4K10–MAP3K8–MAP2K1/11-MAPK3 pathway may be involved in plant growth. In general, our work identified members of the MAPK–MAP4K cascade in wheat and profiled their potential roles during their response to abiotic stresses and plant growth based on their expression pattern. The characterized cascades might be good candidates for future crop improvement and molecular breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wheat is an important crop that plays major role in a food grain production in the country. It is a lone source for industries involved in the manufacturing of bread, biscuits, flakes, cakes etc. These industries rely on quality parameters viz., grain hardness index, biscuit spread factor, bread quality score, and bread loaf volume. Bread wheat variety Phule Satwik (NIAW 3170) is developed at Agricultural Research Station, Niphad has been released and notified by Central Sub Committee on Crop Standards, India for cultivation in North Western Plains Zone and Peninsular Zone under restricted irrigation conditions vide notification number S.O. 3482 (E) dated 7th October, 2020. The variety has high yield potential under restricted irrigation conditions along with disease resistance and superior grain quality parameters. It was the softest grain variety among all the genotypes having a biscuit spread factor of more than 10. With good nutritional and quality parameters, it will be a promising variety for bakery industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brassica napus, commonly known as rapeseed or canola, is a major oil crop contributing over 13% to the stable supply of edible vegetable oil worldwide. Identification and understanding the gene functions in the B. napus genome is crucial for genomic breeding. A group of genes controlling agronomic traits have been successfully cloned through functional genomics studies in B. napus. In this review, we present an overview of the progress made in the functional genomics of B. napus, including the availability of germplasm resources, omics databases and cloned functional genes. Based on the current progress, we also highlight the main challenges and perspectives in this field. The advances in the functional genomics of B. napus contribute to a better understanding of the genetic basis underlying the complex agronomic traits in B. napus and will expedite the breeding of high quality, high resistance and high yield in B. napus varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanotechnology is one of the promising scientific advancements that has captured widespread interest across various industries, notably in medicine. The utilization of plants for the synthesis of silver nanomaterials (AgNMs) has emerged as a promising and eco-friendly approach, offering cost-effective solutions for potential biomedical applications. The study aims to optimize the efficiency of biogenic AgNMs fabrication by employing Kaempferia parviflora aqueous extraction (KP-AE) as both a reducing and encapsulating agent, thus optimizing the yield of AgNMs. Phytochemical screening was conducted to identify the phytochemical compounds present in KP-AE. Various parameters were optimized, including pH, temperature, and the ratio of KP extract to AgNO3, over different incubation periods. The synthesized AgNMs were analyzed spectroscopically and microscopically using UV-Vis and SEM techniques. At varying concentrations of KP and AgNO3, the KP-AE AgNMs were successfully biogenic fabricated, but the yields varied. As the concentrations of AgNO3 increased, a greater yield of KP-AE AgNMs was achieved. Phytochemical screening KP-AE demonstrated the presence of potential phytochemicals such as alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides, and oils that assisted in the biogenic fabrication of AgNMs. This study established an efficient, affordable, and ecologically sustainable approach for fabricating stable AgNMs using KP-AE AgNMs. Synergistically, reducing and capping potential has been achieved by combining the plant extract in plant-mediated biogenic fabrication, producing stabilized NMs compared to those produced individually. The AgNMs derived from KP-AE exhibit robust antioxidant properties, showcasing promise for further exploration in pharmaceutical applications. Additional research is needed to investigate the biological potential and pharmacological properties of the biogenic fabricated KP-AE AgNMs.

Transforming the bulk of tungsten disulfide (WS2) into one-dimensional (1D) nanoscrolls has potential applications in a variety of fields. The current methods for fabricating (1D) WS2 nanoscrolls suffer from low yields, high temperatures, a complicated fabrication process, and the use of surfactants. We have reported a facile and cost-effective approach for fabricating WS2 nanoscrolls in high yield using ultrasound probe sonication (20 KHz) from bulk WS2 in dimethylformamide (DMF) in two hours. Importantly, this simple method achieves a 90 % WS2 nanoscroll yield. This depends on critical experimental parameters such as the choice of solvent, the initial concentration of WS2, and the sonication time. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements confirm that the nanoscrolls have a closely uniform shape, with an interlayer spacing of ∼ 0.62 nm between adjacent layers of WS2 nanoscrolls. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) reveals that the nanoscrolls have a length of approximately 650 nm and a height profile of 5–10 nm, indicating their formation from multiple layers of WS2. We further investigate the fabricated nanoscrolls using other techniques such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy.

【Objective】A joint evaluation on Ricinus communis cross combinations was conducted to provide a theoretical reference for screening high-yield varieties suitable for mechanical harvest.【Method】The yield trait, adaptability for mechanical harvest and photosynthetic performance of 30 R. communis cross combinations were jointly evaluated by grey relational analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis.【Result】In the grey relational analysis, 6 combinations including N19 (0.768), N7 (0.751), N11 (0.727), N10 (0.717), N6 (0.713) and N13 (0.712) with weighted correlation degree between various combinations and the ideal varieties were screened out. Among which, the former 4 combinaitons had higher weighted correlation degrees than that in Zibi 5 (0.714), and the weighted correlation degrees of the latter 2 were close to that in Zibi 5. Principal analysis results showed that, 10 traits were classified into 3 principal components, namely, plant type factor, yield determining factor and photosynthetic and branching angle factor, with a cumulative contribution rate of 67.07%. Among the 30 combinations, the comprehensive scores of 21 combinations were higher than that of Zibi 5 (-0.699), and only 4 combinations, N18 (2.370), N4 (1.848), N19 (1.742) and N11 (1.019) had comprehensive scores larger than 1, of which N19 was the most prominent with a much higher score than that in other 3 combinations. Cluster analysis revealed that, the 30 combinations could be classified into 4 groups at Euclidean distance value equal to 22. Among them, Group IV members (including N19, N11 and N30) with the best overall performance was most similar to the ideal varieties based on the average performance in each cluster, however, the branching angle (59.10°) was large and still expected to be improved.【Conclusion】Based on the above 3 evaluation results, the comprehensive evaluation avoids the acceptance of redundant germplasm and the loss of elite germplasm. The N19 and N11 with high yield, good plant type and high photosynthetic rate were selected as the optimal Ricinus communis cross combinations, and their comprehensive performances were better than that of Zibi 5, providing a direction for further improvement of varieties.out of varieties.

In order to make Baodamai 25 play a greater yield potential in production, the yield, stability, adaptability and yield components of Baodamai 25 were analyzed based on the data of multi-point test of barley in Baoshan City from 2016 to 2017 and reginal test of forage barley in Yunnan Province from 2017 to 2019. Results showed that the yield, stability and adaptability of Baodamai 25 were better than those of the control varieties. The correlation degrees of main agronomic traits with yield from high to low was as follows; filled grain number per panicle (0.3973), effective panicle (0.3560), total number of tillers (0.2052), plant height (0.1550), 1000-grain weight (0.0707), basic seedlings (0.000 3). The direct effects on yield from high to low were as follows; filled grains per panicle (0.4987), 1000-grain weight (0.4249), effective panicles (0.3605), plant height (0.2683), total tillers (0.2335), basic seedlings (0.0652). The correlation degree with yield from high to low was as follows; grain number per panicle (0.4611), plant height (0.4583), effective panicles (0.4377), 1000-grain weight (0.4180), total tillers (0.3866), basic seedlings (0.3642). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foxtail millet is an important cereal crop in the North China Plain. However, excessive nitrogen fertilizer application over the years has led to declining yield and soil quality. This study investigated nutrient management strategies for foxtail millet based on crop yield levels and soil nutrient availability. In a field where targeted fertilization was conducted over six seasons, nitrogen fertilization effects and the dynamics of soil-available nitrogen were monitored continuously for two consecutive years (2022–2023) across five different foxtail millet varieties with varying yield levels. The study aimed to determine the optimal nitrogen application rate for achieving a high yield of foxtail millet, the minimum soil nitrate threshold required to maintain soil fertility, and the effective nitrogen application rate range for sustaining soil-available nitrate levels. Results showed that fertilization significantly affected dry matter weight during flowering, while variety affected dry matter weight at maturity. The average nitrogen application rate for achieving high yield across all five millet varieties was 141.3 kg·ha−1. Specifically, the average nitrogen application rate of nitrogen-efficient varieties achieving high yield (5607.32–5637.19 kg·ha−1) was 151.5 kg·ha−1, while the average nitrogen application rate of nitrogen-inefficient varieties achieving high yield (4749.77–4847.74 kg·ha−1) was 134.5 kg·ha−1. Soil NH4+-N and NO3−-N content increased when nitrogen application rate exceeded 360 kg·ha−1, posing environmental risks. To achieve high yield, soil nitrate levels would be maintained at an average of 17.23 mg·kg−1 (before sowing) and 9.75 mg·kg−1 (at maturity). A relationship between soil nitrate and nitrogen application rate was established: y = 867.5 − 50z (where y represents the optimal nitrogen application rate for high yield (kg·ha−1), and z represents soil NO3−-N content in the 0–20 cm layer before sowing, ranging from 10.0 to 17.35 mg·kg−1), which provided a practical method for nitrogen fertilization to achieve high yield of foxtail millet. In this study, the fertilization strategy was optimized according to soil nutrient level and yield targets, and the nitrogen application rate was controlled within 360 kg·ha−1 based on the soil nitrate nitrogen content, which will be instructive for reducing fertilizer use, maximizing fertilizer efficiency, and increasing yield.

This study explores the efficient conversion of castor oil to sebacic acid utilizing iron oxide (Fe2O3) loaded on activated carbons as catalysts. Through a combination of saponification, acidification, and catalytic cracking, sebacic acid was produced with a notable yield improvement. The process involved using liquid paraffin as a thinning agent, overcoming the limitations of traditional toxic agents. The catalysts were prepared via adsorption-precipitation-calcination methods, with ultrasonication pretreatment to enhance iron adsorption on activated carbons. The chemical composition, structure, and morphology properties were investigated by different characterizations; such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG). Systematic investigations into the adsorption capacity, catalytic activity, and operational parameters like temperature, reaction time, and catalyst recycling were conducted. The optimized method achieved a sebacic acid yield of 83.4%, significantly higher than traditional methods (60.2%), with improved safety and environmental impact. The study provides valuable insights into sustainable and efficient sebacic acid production which is crucial for industrial applications in processing of castor oil.

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a broadly utilized natural nanofiber produced by microbial fermentation, but its high-cost and low-yield production and limited function still hinder its application. Here, we used the spraying-assisted biosynthesis method to introduce biomass nanofibers along with the nutrient media to the fermenting BC. Biomass nanofibers could be cellulose, chitosan, and others. They entangled with BC nanofibers via intermolecular interactions, including hydrogen binding and electrostatic adsorption, to form uniform BC composites. The BC composites achieved an enhanced yield of ~140 wt% compared with pure BC and displayed similar excellent mechanical properties (Young’s moduli = 0.9–1.4 MPa for wet films and =~6500 MPa for dried films). BC composites also had similar high crystallinity and thermal stability to pure BC. The functional groups of biomasses endowed BC composite additional functions such as antibacterial and dye-adsorption capabilities. Moreover, a high yield and functionalization could be realized simultaneously by feeding functional cellulose nanofibers. This method provides a facile way to produce BC composites with low cost, high yield, and multiple functions.

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is the second most important vegetable crop after potatoes, and global demands have been steadily increasing in recent years. Conventional and modern breeding techniques have been applied to breed and domesticate tomato varieties to meet the need for higher yield or superior agronomical traits that allow them to sustain under different climatic conditions. In the current study, we applied bulk population breeding by crossing eight tomato accessions procured from the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center with three heat-resistant tomato inbred lines from Vietnam and generated ten elite tomato (ET) lines in the F8 generation. The individual F8 lines exhibited robust vigor and adaptability to climatic conditions of North Vietnam. Among the ten lines, ET1 and ET3 displayed indeterminate growth. ET2 showed semi-determinate, while all the other lines had determinate growth. The different ET lines showed distinctive superior agronomical traits, including early maturing (ET4, ET7, and ET10), highly efficient fruit set (ET1), higher yield (ET1, ET8, ET10), jointless pedicels (ET2), and partial parthenocarpy (ET9). Molecular analysis revealed that the ET3 line consisted of Ty-1 and Ty-3 loci that positively contribute to Tomato yellow leaf curl virus resistance in tomato plants. The elite tomato lines developed in this study would contribute significantly to the Vietnamese and Asian gene pool for improved tomato production and would be a valuable resource for various breeding goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving rice (Oryza sativa L.) quality is crucial to obtaining local rice with better genetic potential and superiority. The research aimed to construct a CRISPR/Cas9 module cassette and introduce the construct into rice to develop a new non-transgenic superior Mentik Susu variety with early maturity, short stem, high yield, and resistance to bacterial leaf blight. The annealed oligonucleotides of gRNA spacers of the HD2 gene ligated into pDIRECT-21A vector plasmid used the golden gate reaction to construct a CRISPR/Cas9 module cassette. The recombinant plasmid's verification by digestion engaged a combination of KpnI-HindIII restriction enzymes and Sanger DNA sequencing. The Agrobacterium-mediated co-transformation procedure introduced the CRISPR/Cas9 cassettes (four module cassettes with different gRNAs of the genes, i.e., GA20ox-2, OsCKX2, OsSWEET11, and HD2) into the rice genome with immature rice embryos as explants. Molecular analysis of the transformed T0 putative lines ensued to identify the insertion of T-DNA fragments (containing the Cas9 and hptII genes) and the occurrence of mutagenesis employing PCR amplification and DNA sequencing. The result showed that the CRISPR/Cas9 cassette vector containing the Cas9 gene and the targeted gRNA construction succeeded. Rice transformations of Mentik Susu have generated 157 T0 putative lines, with several of the lines harboring the Cas9 and hptII genes detected positively. Sanger DNA sequencing analysis demonstrated that eight rice lines had a mutation occurrence in the target genes, i.e., two mutations in the OsGA20ox line, five mutations in the OsSWEET11 lines, and one mutation in the Gn-1a (OsCKX2) line. Based on these results, it is probable that the mutant lines also have a phenotype change that is beneficial to produce promising rice genotypes with early maturing, short stems, high yield, and bacterial leaf blight resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Iron-based catalysts are considered highly promising as non-noble metal catalysts for oxygen electroreduction. However, the optimization of iron-based catalysts is limited by the well-designed carbon support and high-efficiency catalytic sites. Furthermore, achieving high production yield on an industrial scale while maintaining high performance would also be highly encouraged. Therefore, a dual-protection-exposure mechanism was employed for a hierarchical porous carbon (HPC) embedded with Fe–N 4 sites (Fe–N 4 /HPC) catalysts, which were prepared through the ionothermal carbonization of Fe/ZnTBrPP@MgCl 2 [5, 10, 15, 20-tetrakis (4′-bromophenyl) porphyrinato iron (FeTBrPP) mixed with ZnTBrPP on MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O template]. Apart from self-protection-exposure of the Fe/ZnTBrPP itself, the hydrated salt template provided a secondary protection and exposure simultaneously. As a result, the Fe–N 4 /HPC retains more Fe–N 4 sites and a larger BET surface, resulting in excellent ORR activity and durability in alkaline (0.922 V vs. RHE). Interestingly, under the conditions of using hydrated magnesium salt as a soft template, the yield rate of the Fe–N 4 /HPC significantly higher than the product without hydrated salt. Furthermore, the utilization of Fe–N 4 /HPC as the cathode in a zinc-air battery demonstrated remarkable performance, achieving an high peak power density (94 mW cm−2) and good stability. [Display omitted] • A dual-protection-exposure mechanism was employed to prepare Fe–N 4 /HPC. • High density of Fe–N 4 sites and hierarchical porosity synergistically enhance ORR. • Fe–N 4 /HPC achieves one of the superior performances among Fe-based ORR electrocatalysts. • The soft property of MgCl 2 template dramatically increase the yield. • The Zn-air battery coated by Fe–N 4 /HPC exhibits excellent stability and high power density compared to Pt/C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maximizing rice yield potential has always been the focus of high-yield rice cultivation research. For high-yield rice cultivation and breeding, more research into the link between yield and yield components is essential. In this experiment, 38 rice varieties with different yield types and 185 rice varieties as materials were chosen. The relationships between yield and yield components were studied. The regulation effects of total nitrogen application rate (TNAR) on yield and yield components were observed. The results showed that (1) the grain yield of high-yield varieties was 189.3−195.6%, 76.1−77.7%, and 27.0−28.7% higher than that of super-low-yield, low-yield, and medium-yield varieties, respectively. Compared with rice varieties with other yield types, rice varieties with high-yield type have a higher total number of spikelets. (2) The spikelet number per panicle and total number of spikelets were significantly positively linked with grain yield, but significantly negatively correlated with filled grains and grain weight. (3) With an increase in TNAR (0−340 kg ha−1), the panicles, spikelet number per panicle, and total spikelets of rice varieties with different yield types increased gradually, and the filled grains and grain weight decreased gradually. The higher the TNAR, the more obvious the decrease in filled grains and grain weight. The grain yield of rice varieties with different yield types was the highest under the TNAR at 250 kg ha−1. The main factor contributing to its high yield was the substantial increase in total spikelets. The above results showed that increasing the spikelet number per panicle and total spikelets played a material role in improving rice yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】 A joint evaluation on Ricinus communis cross combinations was conducted to provide a theoretical reference for screening high-yield varieties suitable for mechanical harvest. 【Method】 The yield trait, adaptability for mechanical harvest and photosynthetic performance of 30 R. communis cross combinations were jointly evaluated by grey relational analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. 【Result】 In the grey relational analysis, 6 combinations including N19 (0.768), N7 (0.751), N11 (0.727), N10 (0.717), N6 (0.713) and N13 (0.712) with weighted correlation degree between various combinations and the ideal varieties were screened out. Among which, the former 4 combinaitons had higher weighted correlation degrees than that in Zibi 5 (0.714), and the weighted correlation degrees of the latter 2 were close to that in Zibi 5. Principal analysis results showed that, 10 traits were classified into 3 principal components, namely, plant type factor, yield determining factor and photosynthetic and branching angle factor, with a cumulative contribution rate of 67.07%. Among the 30 combinations, the comprehensive scores of 21 combinations were higher than that of Zibi 5 (-0.699), and only 4 combinations, N18 (2.370), N4 (1.848),N19 (1.742) and N11 (1.019) had comprehensive scores larger than 1, of which N19 was the most prominent with a much higher score than that in other 3 combinations. Cluster analysis revealed that, the 30 combinations could be classified into 4 groups at Euclidean distance value equal to 22. Among them, Group IV members (including N19, N11 and N30) with the best overall performance was most similar to the ideal varieties based on the average performance in each cluster, however, the branching angle (59.10°) was large and still expected to be improved. 【Conclusion】 Based on the above 3 evaluation results, the comprehensive evaluation avoids the acceptance of redundant germplasm and the loss of elite germplasm. The N19 and N11 with high yield, good plant type and high photosynthetic rate were selected as the optimal Ricinus communis cross combinations, and their comprehensive performances were better than that of Zibi 5, providing a direction for further improvement of varieties.out of varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chlorogenic acid isomers have been increasingly studied because of their beneficial biological effects in humans. However, their commercial analytical standards are high cost, a fact that limits research. Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) is a low-cost, natural plant matrix with marked contents of chlorogenic acids, but its potential as a source of analytical standards of chlogenic acids has never been investigated. Thus, this study aimed to optimize a method to extract, isolate, and purify analytical standards of six chlorogenic acids (3-caffeoylquinic, 4-caffeoylquinic, 5-caffeoylquinic, 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic, and 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic) from yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) using semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. For this, sequential statistical multivariate approaches (central composite designs) were utilized. Using the optimized extraction conditions (5 mL of ethanol:water 26:74 v/v, stirring for 30 min at 60 °C), 1000 g of yerba mate gave a concentrated extract totalizing 21.57 g of chlorogenic acid isomers. We established optimized chromatographic conditions to obtain analytical standards of each compound individually, as well as to produce a mix containing all the compounds, with high yields and purities above 97%. Thus, the optimized conditions to obtain the standards have an excellent yield, employed a natural low-cost matrix, and used simple and automated processes with potential to produce in laboratory and industrial scale. These results show the potential of yerba mate as a novel source of standards of chlorogenic acids, and provide an effective method to produce them in laboratories worldwide, which may contribute to advance the research on these compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to the urgent demand for mechanization, lightened and simplified cotton production management, as well as the breeding difficulties of collaborative improvement and enhancement of plant architecture, early maturity, yield, fibre quality, and disease resistance for cotton varieties, research on new variety development with the early maturity, high yield, good fibre quality and suitability for mechanization and coordinative cultivation techniques were carried out. Breeding technologies of synchronous improvement of early maturity, density resistance, lodging resistance and suitability for mechanization were established with "two modifications, two increases, and four selections". Ten elite breeding parent materials were produced. A total of 633 SNP loci associated with 14 traits were determined, including flowering period, Verticillium wilt resistance, boll weight, lint percentage, fibre length, fibre strength and so on. Twenty-six KASP markers with lower cost and higher throughput were developed for breeding selection of fibre quality and Verticillium wilt resistance. Twelve key genes regulating early maturity, fibre quality, adversity resistance and seed germination were discovered. And their expression patterns in different varieties were documented. Using the elite breeding parent materials, breeding techniques, and developed molecular markers, four new varieties including Jinongda 23, Jinongdamian 24, Jinongdamian 25 and Jinongda 36 were bred with early maturity, high yield, good fibre quality and suitability for mechanization. New breakthroughs were made in improving mechanical characteristics such as compact plant architecture, early maturity, concentrated boll opening, and synergistic enhancement with high yield, good fibre quality and disease resistance. Simple, labor saving, and efficient supporting techniques with "one-hole-one-seed machinery sowing, expanding the number of bolls in the population, chemical regulation in whole growing season and pruning-free, and concentrated harvesting in cotton fields" were created for mechanical harvesting. By combining science, enterprises and application, demonstration bases with strong representatives, wide coverage, and strong driving force were established, leading the large-scale production and application of new varieties, with an income increase of 2 700-3 000 yuan per hectare and 60-75 labor saving, significantly reducing costs and increase efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim was to screen hybrid Indica rice varieties suitable for machine-harvesting and regrowing rice cultivation. Thirteen varieties, such as Jingliangyousizhan were selected as the research subjects. The comprehensive analysis was carried out from the aspects of growth period, main agronomic characters, high yield and regeneration ability through the plot comparison test. The results showed that 5 varieties, such as Jingliangyousizhan, had obvious advantages in comprehensive characters, which were suggested to be promoted; Longliangyoujingzhan and other 2 varieties had relatively weak regeneration ability, but had high yield, so they were suggested for moderate promotion; Chuangliangyoumolizhan and other 2 varieties had relatively weak regenerative capacity and moderate yield, their rice quality were excellent and pilot cultivation was recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

‘Dahongmi’ was developed to enhance the quality of colored rice by crossing ‘Jeogjinju’, Korea’s red-brown colored rice variety, with ‘Junam’, a variety known for excellent cultivation characteristics. ‘Dahongmi’ is a mid-maturing cultivar harvested approximately 15 days later than ‘Jeogjinju’, suitable for the mid-central plains. Each ‘Dahongmi’ plant bears 14 panicles, similar to that in ‘Jeogjinju’ but with an additional 22 grains per panicle and a heavier 1000-grain weight compared to that of ‘Jeogjinju’. ‘Dahongmi’ exhibited superior low-temperature germination rate (85.1%) and a higher percentage of fertile grains at a cold-water irrigated nursery (36.2%) compared to ‘Jeogjinju’. The stem height of ‘Dahongmi’ is 89.7 cm, similar to that of ‘Jeogjinju’. However, ‘Dahongmi’ has a third node height 9 cm shorter than that of ‘Jeogjinju’, enhancing its resistance to lodging. Furthermore, it displayed resistance to leaf blast, bacterial leaf blight (K1, K2, and K3 strains), and rice stripe virus, ensuring stability during cultivation. The protein and amylose content of ‘Dahongmi’ are 5.5% and 18.9%, respectively, similar to that of ‘Jeogjinju’ (5.9%, 18.3%). The levels of antioxidant components such as total polyphenols and flavonoids are comparable to that of ‘Jeogjinju’. However, ‘Dahongmi’ does not exhibit resistance against bacterial leaf blight strain K3a and delphacidae, underscoring the importance of timely and balanced fertilization for effective early-stage management. ‘Dahongmi’ exhibits better yield, straw strength, and plant architecture compared to ‘Jeogjinju’. It has immense potential for augmenting the yield of high-antioxidant-pigmented rice varieties. In addition, it could provide valuable foundational data for the brown rice processing industry (Registration Number: 8680). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a natural genetic reservoir, wild rice contains many favorable alleles and mutations conferring high yield and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, there are few reports describing favorable genes or QTL from the AA genome wild rice O. longistaminata, which is characterized by tall and robust habit and long tassels and anthers and shows high potential for use in cultivated rice improvement. We constructed a stable BC2F20 backcross inbred line (BIL) population of 152 lines from the cross of 9311 × O. longistaminat. Some BILs showed large panicles, large seeds, and strong resistance to rice false smut, bacterial leaf blight, rice blast spot, and brown planthopper. Genomic resequencing showed that the 152 BILs covered about 99.6% of the O. longistaminata genome. QTL mapping with 2432 bin markers revealed 13 QTL associated with seven yield traits and eight with resistance to brown planthopper and to four diseases. Of these QTL, 12 for grain yield and 11 for pest and disease resistance are novel in Oryza species. A large-panicle NIL1880 line containing QTL qPB8.1 showed a nearly 50% increase in spikelet number and 27.5% in grain yield compared to the recurrent parent 9311. These findings support the potential value of O. longistaminata for cultivated rice improvement.

Zhenliangyou 17 is a new hybrid indica hybrid with high quality and high yield, produced by the combination of Zhen9S(a photothermosensitive nuclear sterility line) and R17(a strong dominant anti-reverse restorer line) from Anhui Yuanliang Rice Industry Co. Ltd. Zhenliangyou 17 has the characteristics of high quality, high yield and lodging resistance. After regional test of late maturing group in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River in southern rice area of China, Zhenliangyou 17 passed the national crop new varieties examination. We introduced the breeding process and major agronomic characters of Zhenliangyou 17, discussed the high-yield seed production technology, so as to provide references for the further extension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diaphragma juglandis fructus (DJF) is selected as a precursor of activated carbon (AC). Saturated absorption of solution containing desirable amount of KOH in DJF leads to one‐step homogeneous activation which produces AC‐1 comprising non‐honeycombed smaller particles with lower energy consumption compared with AC‐2 by the conventional two‐step method. The non‐honeycombed morphology of AC‐1 results in a high yield of 24.2 % and a high packing density of 0.78 g cm−3. Although the specific surface area of AC‐1 is only 1030 m2 g−1, the specific capacitance reaches 244 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 in 6 mol L−1 KOH in a three‐electrode cell, higher than that of AC‐2 due to the reasonable pore distribution. In a symmetrical supercapacitor with the 6 mol L−1 KOH electrolyte, the maximum specific cell capacitance is 58.1 F g−1 at 0.25 A g−1, corresponding to a high volumetric capacitance of 181 F cm−3 for a single electrode. The flexible supercapacitor with PVA/KOH electrolyte shows areal capacitance of 637 mF cm−2 and can maintain 70 % of the initial value after 180° bending for 400 times. The AC‐1 cell with the ionic liquid electrolyte has a maximum specific energy of 30.6 Wh kg−1, which can illuminate 16 light‐emitting diodes simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Yunshu 108', a new potato variety with disease resistance, high yield and high quality, was developed by the Industrial Crops Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhaotong Agricultural Science Research Institute, and Kunming Yunshu Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd. from a across using 'Dianshu 6' as female parent and 'S04-827' as male parent made in 2008, and passed the national registration of new varieties of non-major crops in 2021, with registration number: GPD potato (2021) 530114. This variety planted in spring is late maturing and has a growth duration of 107-118 days. It has round tubers, smooth skin, yellow skin and flesh, shallow eyes, and good cooking taste. Dry matter content is 19.60%- 23.20%, starch content 12.32%- 14.82%, protein content 2.20%- 2.62%, vitamin C content 8.70-15.20 mg/100 g FW and reducing sugar content 0.10%-0.28%. 'Yunshu 108' plants are resistant to late blight, and potato virus Y. From 2019 to 2021, the highest yield was 97 196 kg/ha, breaking the record of the highest potato yield in Yunnan Province for three times, and also setting a record for the highest potato yield in the southwest region. This variety is suitable for promotion and cultivation in potato spring planting areas such as Yunnan, Guizhou, and Sichuan provinces, and could be used for fresh consumption, feed and starch processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent rapid growth of the battery industry has led to a rapid increase in methylene chloride emissions. Methylene chloride causes health and social problems in humans. In this study, cellulose-based activated carbon fibers (CACFs) with improved yield were prepared for the removal of methylene chloride. The concentration of ammonium phosphate in the pretreatment controlled the crosslink density of cellulose fibers and improved the yield. From the results, the specific surface area and total pore volume of cellulose-based activated carbon fibers pretreated with ammonium phosphate (AP-CACFs) were determined to be 1920–2060 m2/g and 0.83–1.02 cm3/g, respectively, and the total yield improved by 6.78–11.59% compared to that of CACFs (4.97%). In particular, a correlation between the textural properties of CACFs and methylene chloride adsorption/desorption behavior was obtained. This correlation can be used to develop efficient adsorbents for methylene chloride removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]