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Electrostatic atomization is a method typically used to produce fine liquid droplets with diameters between ten and several hundred micrometers and a relatively narrow size distribution. This method is simple but its mechanism is not yet fully understood.Our research involved producing fine silica particles by forming droplets of water glass no. 3 using electrostatic atomization, then dehydrating them and removing their sodium ions. The atomization state was classified into three modes according to applied voltage: dripping, uniform cone-jet, and discharge modes. Uniformly sized droplets were produced only with the uniform cone-jet mode at a positive high voltage. The mean volume diameter of silica particles could be estimated as a function of flow rate and applied voltage, as well as the surface tension, viscosity, and conductivity of the water glass solution.† This report was originally printed in J. Soc. Powder Technology, Japan. 38(2), 90-96 (2001) in Japanese, before being translated into English by KONA Editorial Committee with the permission of the editorial committee of the Soc. Powder Technology, Japan.

The present research intends to establish a numerical model, on the basis of a theoretical analysis, for describing and analyzing the electric field of High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) wall bushing that demonstrates highly nonlinear characteristics. The wall bushing is subjected high voltage with nonlinear electric field and the relationship between the electric field intensity and the resistance of the insulators of the wall bushing is highly nonlinear. With a parameter design language of a Finite Element Analysis software package for carrying out the numerical calculations, the effects of the nonlinearity on the electric field can be well taken into consideration in performing the numerical assessment. A technique utilizing the numerical iteration is developed for quantifying the electric intensity of the electric field. With the model and the iteration technique established, the nonlinear characteristics of the HVDC wall bushing can be investigated with efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]