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Background: The global COVID-19 lockdown restricted daily routines due to the psychological fear of infection, which imposed an unknown universal threat on female college students, affecting physiological health and well-being. However, scant information concerning the efficacy of yogic practice on female college students during the stressful COVID-19 pandemic situation is available. Methods: In a randomized controlled trial (n = 74, age = 21.65 [4.05] y), a study was conducted with a well-conceptualized yogic module for 5 days/week for 3 months (40 min daily in the morning) among yogic volunteers. Pre–post analysis of anthropometric, physiological, and biochemical indices in pandemic-stressed female college students was done for the control and yoga groups. Results: After 3 months of yogic practice, significant reduction (P <.05) in heart rate (d = 0.64, meandiff = 5.43), systolic blood pressure (d = 0.59, meandiff = 5.32), cortisol (d = 0.59, meandiff = 6.354), and triglycerides (P <.01, d = 0.45, meandiff = 13.95) was observed. After yogic follow-up significant improvement (P <.01) in high-frequency (d = 0.56, meandiff = −7.3), total power (d = 0.46, meandiff = −1150) and time domain parameters of heart rate variability led to ameliorate the stress index. Superoxide dismutase (P <.01, d = 0.78, meandiff = 0.69), catalase (P <.05, d = 0.48, meandiff = −7.37), glutathione (P <.001, d = 0.83, meandiff = −4.15), high-density lipoprotein (P <.05, d = 0.48, meandiff = −11.07), and dopamine (P <.001, d = 0.97, meandiff = −135.4) values along with inflammatory markers (P <.001) significantly improved among yogic volunteers after regular practice. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that a 3-month well-conceptualized yogic intervention during COVID-19 may be considered as a prophylactic tool to improve female college students' universal psychophysiological health by ameliorating autonomic functions, cardiometabolic risk factors, and immune metabolisms in an economical and environment-friendly manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Oral isotretinoin causes changes in serum lipid values. These changes are not seen in every patient, regardless of dose. It is unclear what causes these changes and how often serum lipid values should be followed up. Aims: We aimed to evaluate the relationship between the change in serum lipid values and personal and familial risk factors. Methods: Serum lipid values at baseline (0th), 1st, 3rd, and 6th months of isotretinoin treatment of acne patients aged 16 years and over using oral isotretinoin at a dose of 0.5-1 mg/kg/day between January 2017 and December 2019 were recorded retrospectively. The relationship between personal and familial risk factors and changes in serum lipid values were evaluated statistically. Results: In pairwise comparison, a significant difference was detected between the 0th and 1st month, 0th and 3rd month, 0th and 6th month, and 1st and 6th month in the average serum lipid (Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), total cholesterol, triglyceride) levels. However, no significant difference was detected between 3rd and 6th month. The change in LDL levels between the 0th and the 3rd month was significantly higher in those with a family history of atherosclerosis than those without a family history of atherosclerosis (p = 0.034). The change in VLDL levels between the 0th and 6th month was significantly higher in those with a family history of atherosclerosis than those without a family history of atherosclerosis (p = 0.022). It was observed that the changes in total cholesterol and VLDL levels between the 0th and 3rd month increased as body mass index (BMI) increased (p = 0.03, p = 0.014, respectively). Similarly, the changes in triglyceride and VLDL levels between 0th and 6th month and between 1st and 6th month increased by an increase in BMI (respectively; p = 0.006, p = 0.019; p = 0.016, p = 0.022). The increase in the levels of VLDL between the 1st and the 6th month was found to be significantly higher in smokers than in non-smokers (p = 0,032). Conclusion: We recommend evaluation of serum lipids values in the 0th, 1st, and 3rd month in all acne patients using oral isotretinoin and that these values have to be checked monthly in the following months for smokers, those with a history of atherosclerosis, and those with a BMI above normal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) diagnosis is based on clinical and genetic criteria. A relevant proportion of FH patients fulfilling the criteria for definite FH have negative genetic testing. Increasing the identification of true genetic-based FH is a clinical challenge. Deepening the analysis of lipoprotein alterations could help increase the yield of genetic testing. We evaluated whether the number, size, and composition of lipoproteins assessed by 1H-NMR could increase the identification of FH patients with pathogenic gene variants. Methods We studied 294 clinically definite FH patients, 222 (75.5%) with positive genetic testing, as the discovery cohort. As an external validation cohort, we studied 88 children with FH, 72 (81%) with positive genetic testing. The advanced lipoprotein test based on 1H-NMR (Liposcale®) was performed at baseline after a lipid-lowering drug washout of at least 6 weeks. The association of variables with genetic variants was evaluated by random forest and logistic regression. Areas under the curve (AUCs) were calculated. A predictive formula was developed and applied to the validation cohort. Results A formula derived from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) lipoprotein analyses improved the identification of genetically positive FH patients beyond low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels (AUC = 0.87). The parameters contributing the most to the identification formula were LDL particle number, high-density lipoprotein size, and remnant cholesterol. The formula also increases the classification of FH children with a pathogenic genetic variation. Conclusion NMR lipoprotein profile analysis identifies differences beyond standard lipid parameters that help identify FH with a positive pathogenic gene variant, increasing the yield of genetic testing in FH patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective: Dyslipidemia is a major modifiable factor in elderly people. The study objective was to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of dyslipidemia among the Iranian population aged over 50. Methods: This population-based cross-sectional study is part of the Iranian Longitudinal Study on Ageing conducted in Ardakan, Iran. In total, 5,197 participants aged over 50 years old were included through a stratified random sampling method. Dyslipidemia was defined in compliance with the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. The Chi-square and independent sample t-test were used to compare categorical and quantitative variables, respectively. A logistic regression analysis was applied to determine associated factors of dyslipidemia. Results: The mean age of the participants was 62.24±7.52. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 68.85%. High levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, and low level of high-density lipoprotein were seen among 9.74%, 24.66%, 5.54%, 19.20% of the participants, respectively. In addition, 66.05% of the study participants were under the treatment of lipid-lowering medications. Among the possible investigated risk factors of dyslipidemia, male gender (odds ratio (OR) = 0.56, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.47, 0.68), waist circumference (OR = 1.03, 95%CI: 1.02, 1.04), diabetes mellitus (OR = 2.28, 95%CI: 1.96, 2.66), and hypertension (OR = 1.59, 95%CI: 1.38, 1.83) showed a statistically significant association (p<0.05). Conclusion: Dyslipidemia is highly prevalent in Ardakanˈs older population. So, lipid management interventions are necessary for this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study was designed to study testicular-histopathology and lipid profile against 50ppm of fluoride (ad labitum) exposure in mice. Moreover, the curative potentials of vitamin E, Punica granatum and Olea europea fruit extracts were also studied. Methods: Five groups (10 animals/group) were treated as follow (a) Control (C) (F free water-15 days); (b) NaF {50ppm F-ions in drinking water (10days) and F free water (5days)}; (c) NaF + vitamin E (NaFE) {50ppm F-ions (10days) and F free water+60µg vitamin E in corn oil (5days)}; (d) NaF+ Punica granatum fruit extract (NaFP) {50ppm F ions (10days) and F free water+0.2mL P. granatum fruit extract (5days)}; (v) NaF+ Olea europea fruit extract (NaFO) {50ppm F-ions (10days) and F free water +0.2mL O. europea extract (5days)}; All animals were sacrificed on day 16 to obtain blood for lipid profile and testes for histopathological studies. Results: Results shows peculiar histopathological changes in the testis, including the loss of interstitial tissues, spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids and maturing sperms. These signs were convincingly recovered in NaFO, followed by other two post treatment groups NaFP and NaFE. Similarly the micrometric data shows significant increase in the number of spermatogonia, spermatocytes and developing spermatozoa, in NaFO (CSA of seminiferous tubules, number of spermatogonia, spermatocytes:, sperms embedded in sertoli cells & number of dislodged sperms). The rise of High Density Lipoproteins (HDL) with a simultaneous decline in plasma cholesterol, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) in NaFO indicate the importance of these post treatments, against altered lipid profile of the F toxicology. Excellent testicular rehabilitation found in NaFO group that indicate the curative potential of O.europea against altered histopatology against F exposure in testes. Conclusions: The severity of the mentioned pathology of NaF group indicates that Olea europea and Punica granatum post treatment can effectively eradicate the toxic changes of F exposure in lipid profile, while Olea europea fruit extract showed more ameliorationative capability against F-exposure in testes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iron is an essential mineral that supports numerous biological functions. Studies have reported associations between iron dysregulation and certain cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, but the direction of influence is not clear. Our goal was to use computational approaches to better understand the role of genetically predicted iron levels on disease risk. We meta-analyzed genome-wide association study summary statistics for serum iron levels from two cohorts and two previous meta-analyses. We then obtained summary statistics from 11 neurodegenerative, cerebrovascular, cardiovascular or lipid traits to assess global and regional genetic correlation between iron levels and these traits. We used two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to estimate causal effects. Sex-stratified analyses were also carried out to identify effects potentially differing by sex. Overall, we identified three significant global correlations between iron levels and (i) coronary heart disease, (ii) triglycerides, and (iii) high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. A total of 194 genomic regions had significant (after correction for multiple testing) local correlations between iron levels and the 11 tested traits. MR analysis revealed two potential causal relationships, between genetically predicted iron levels and (i) total cholesterol or (ii) non-HDL cholesterol. Sex-stratified analyses suggested a potential protective effect of iron levels on Parkinson's disease risk in females, but not in males. Our results will contribute to a better understanding of the genetic basis underlying iron in cardiovascular and neurological health in aging, and to the eventual identification of new preventive interventions or therapeutic avenues for diseases which affect women and men worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate whether a reduction in accelerometer-measured sedentary behavior (SB) improves blood lipids in inactive adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Sixty-four participants were randomly assigned into intervention (INT, n = 33) and control (CONT, n = 31) groups. The INT group was instructed to reduce SB by 1 h/day without increasing formal exercise, whereas the CONT group was advised to maintain usual SB habits. SB and physical activity (PA) were measured with accelerometers throughout the intervention. Plasma lipid concentrations and dietary intake by food diaries were assessed at baseline and at the end of the intervention. High-density lipoprotein percentage of total cholesterol decreased during the intervention similarly in both groups (p = 0.047). Other blood lipids did not change from baseline to six months in either group. The CONT group had a statistically significant reduction in the intake of saturated fatty acids compared to the INT group (p = 0.03). Intervention resulting in a 40-minute reduction in daily SB and 20-minute increase in habitual MVPA seems to not be effective in improving blood lipids in adults with MetS. Reducing SB together with a higher volume and/or intensity of PA and proper nutrition may be needed to reduce the risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Trial registration. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03101228, 05/04/2017). https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03101228?term=NCT03101228&draw=2&rank=1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Type-1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by impaired insulin release by islet β cells. It has been shown that proinflammatory cytokines released during the disease can exacerbate the condition, while anti-inflammatory cytokines offer protection. This study analyzed the clinical role of interleukin (IL)-6, -8, -10, and vitamin D levels in T1D patients compared to healthy controls. The levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and vitamin D in the participants' serum samples were analyzed using ELISA. The findings showed that T1D patients had significantly increased levels (p < 0.0001) of fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, cholesterol, and very low-density lipoprotein and decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein and vitamin D (p < 0.0001) compared to healthy controls. Moreover, the levels of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 were also significantly greater (p < 0.0001) in T1D patients. The study also determined the significance of these cytokines among T1D patients and healthy controls using ROC curves. Furthermore, we found that smokers had significantly higher levels of IL-6 (p = 0.01) and IL-8 (p = 0.003) than non-smokers. These results showed that elevated levels of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10, decreased vitamin D levels, and smoking among T1D participants could contribute to the worsening of T1D disease and could serve as predictive indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sinetrol® Xpur is a polyphenolic ingredient rich in citrus flavonoids that has shown weight loss effects in previous studies. The dose dependent nature, gut microbial actions of this product has not been explored previously, thus presented in this study. Methods: In this open label study, we evaluated the effect of Sinetrol® Xpur supplementation on healthy but overweight/obese adults (20–50 yrs) for 16 weeks. Participants (n = 20) were randomly allocated to a high dose group (HD, 1800 mg/day) or low dose group (LD, 900 mg/day) of the product for 16 weeks. Fat composition, gut microbial composition, were evaluated using MRI and 16S rDNA sequencing respectively at week 1 and 16. Results: We observed HDL, HbA1C, LDL and leptin improved significantly over 16 weeks, irrespective of the dosage. There was a trend for decrease in visceral adipose tissue (VAT), BMI over time and body weight displayed a trend for dose dependent decrease. Eubacterium xylanophilum, Ruminococcacea UCG-004 genus which increased in HD and LD respectively were negatively associated to VAT. Both doses increased butyrate producers such as Eubacterium ruminantium and Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 genus. Conclusions: Overall chronic supplementation of Sinetrol® Xpur, irrespective of their dose improved HDL, HbA1c, LDL and leptin and tended to decrease visceral adipose tissue via changes in gut microbiota. Trial registration number NCT03823196. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The presence of hypertension significantly increases the risk of diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes. Recently, Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) has been introduced as a straightforward and robust alternative indicator for early detection of metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and T2DM. Visceral adiposity, more dangerous than subcutaneous fat, is associated with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. The VAI and Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP) are indices that quantify visceral fat and lipid overaccumulation, respectively. This study aims to explore the association between VAI, LAP, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in US adults with hypertension using NHANES data from 2005 to 2018. Methods: We analyzed data from 5,620 participants with hypertension in The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). VAI and LAP were calculated using established formulas. The VAI is calculated based on a combination of waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. Logistic regression models were applied to evaluate the association between these indices and T2DM, adjusting for potential confounders. Subgroup analyses by age and gender were also conducted to assess variations in risk. Results: In all, 5,620 participants were enrolled in our analysis, with 2,754 (49%) being female, and a mean (standard deviation, SD) age of 57 (15) years. The mean (SD) cumulative average VAI and LAP among all participants was 241 (2.71) and 75 (67), respectively. Totally, higher VAI and LAP indices were significantly associated with an increased risk of T2DM in individuals with hypertension. For VAI, the odds ratios (OR) for T2DM were higher in older adults (≥ 60 years) [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.37, 1.22–1.53, per 1 SD increase] and females [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.39, 1.27–1.52, per 1 SD increase], indicating age and gender differences in risk. Non-linear relationships were observed, suggesting thresholds beyond which the risk of T2DM escalates dramatically. Conclusions: Both VAI and LAP are reliable markers for assessing T2DM risk in individuals with hypertension. Incorporating these indices into clinical practice could enhance the identification of high-risk individuals and facilitate early intervention strategies. Future longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these associations and explore targeted interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effects of photoperiod (hemeral light (HL), 16:8 light-dark cycle (LD); ahemeral light (AHL), 14:7 LD) in combination with four n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios (n-6:n-3 PUFA, 4:1, 8:1, 14:1, 42:1) on productivity, reproductive performance, and immune response of laying birds. A total of 256 hens and 32 cockerels at 40 weeks of age were selected for eight different treatments (2 lighting regimens × 4 diets), each comprising four replicates (8 hens + 1 cockerel). The results showed that chickens fed the control diet or a n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio of 14:1 had higher body weight and body weight gain than the other groups. Hens fed with 4:1, 14:1, and 8:1 n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio, either alone or with the HL regimen, showed higher egg production, egg mass, survival rate, and better feed conversion ratio (FCR) than the control group. However, chickens fed a n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio of 4:1 had lower levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), but higher levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and a higher HDL/LDL ratio in the egg yolk compared to the other groups. Furthermore, exposing the hens to HL increased the number of hatched chicks per hen, net revenue, and economic efficiency. In conclusion, exposure of hens to HL and feeding 14:1 and 4:1 n-6:n-3 PUFA can improve the productive performance, number of hatched chicks per hen, can increase the omega-3 fatty acids content in the eggs, and economic efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The question of whether zinc supplementation may improve cardio-metabolic health in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains controversial and require further evaluation. This study aimed to summarize the effectiveness of oral zinc supplementation in improving cardio-metabolic risk markers in people with T2DM. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception to April 2023, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). RCTs of type 2 diabetic adults (aged ≥18 years) comparing zinc supplementation with placebo were included. We excluded studies if not randomized, involved co-supplementation, and were conducted in children or pregnant women. Glycemic indices, lipid profiles, blood pressure, anthropometric measure, c-reactive protein (CRP), creatinine, and serum zinc were extracted. Certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methods. We used a random-effect model to perform the dose-response analysis. Effect sizes were presented as mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). 22 studies (n = 1442 participants) were included. The certainty of the evidence was rated as moderate to high. Zinc supplementation significantly reduced glycemic indices: including two-hour postprandial glucose (2hpp) (mean difference (MD): −34.34 mg/dl; 95%CI: −51.61∼ −17.07), fast blood sugar (FBS) (MD: −23.32 mg/dl; 95% CI: −33.81∼ −12.83), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (MD: −0.47; 95% CI: −0.71∼ −0.23). Zinc had a favorable effect on lipid profiles low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (MD: −10.76 mg/dl; CI: −17.79∼−3.73), triglyceride (TG) (MD: −18.23 mg/dl; CI: −32.81∼−3.65), total cholesterol (TC) (MD: −12.74 mg/dl; CI: −21.68∼−3.80), VLDL (MD: −5.39 mg/dl; CI: −7.35∼−3.43) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (MD: 4.04 mg/dl; CI: 0.96 ∼ 7.12). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) (MD): −3.64 mmHg; 95% CI: −6.77∼ −0.52), weight (MD: 1.00 kg; 95% CI: 0.34∼1.66), CRP (MD: −3.37 mg/l, 95% CI: −4.05∼ −2.70), and serum zinc (MD: 15.38 µg/dl; 95% CI: 10.74∼ 20.02) changed to a statistically significant extent with zinc supplementation. There was also a linear association between additional 10 mg/d zinc treatment with FBS, HbA1c, HDL, LDL, TG, TC, and serum zinc. A non-linear dose-response gradient was seen for FBS, HDL, and SBP (p < 0.05). Egger's test showed no substantial publication bias. Our findings strongly suggest a potential beneficial effect of zinc supplementation on type 2 diabetic patients. Further high-quality research is needed to determine the optimal form, dosage, and duration of zinc supplementation for this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Infertility is a significant national public health concern, and the World Health Organization (WHO) predicts that it will rank as the third most prevalent disease following tumors, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The impact of dysfunctional lipoproteins on female infertility remains relatively understudied; therefore, the research focuses on exploring the relationship between serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration and infertility. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study where we employed multivariate logistic regression analysis to examine the association between serum HDL concentrations and female infertility. The strength of association was quantified using odds ratios (OR) along with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals and statistical significance was evaluated at a level of P < 0.05 (two-tailed). Results: The study found that there was a significant correlation between serum HDL and infertility without adjusting the model (OR = 0.62, 95%CI 0.48–0.82, P<0.001). After adjusting for covariates, a weak correlation between HDL and infertility remained (OR = 0.70, 95%CI 0.49–1.00). When HDL concentrations were divided into quartiles, there was a trend of strengthened correlation between HDL and infertility risk with the increase in HDL concentrations. Specifically, individuals in the highest concentration quartile exhibited a 44.0% lower risk of infertility compared to those in the lowest concentration quartile (95% CI 0.38–0.84). In the age-stratified analysis, after adjusting for covariates, the correlation between HDL and infertility was statistically insignificant across all age groups. Furthermore, after categorizing HDL levels into quartiles, we observed a dose-dependent trend between HDL and the reduction of female infertility risk in the adjusted models of the secondary infertility group. Specifically, in the adjusted model, the high-concentration group exhibited a 67.0% lower risk of infertility compared to the low-concentration group (OR = 0.33; 95% CI: 0.12–0.940, P = 0.04). Conclusion: Our research findings suggest weak negative correlation between serum HDL and female infertility. However, upon stratified analysis by age, the correlation between HDL and infertility did not attain statistical significance. In cases of secondary infertility, a subtle dose-dependent trend was observed between serum HDL and infertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is one of the most common malignant non-melanoma carcinomas and is an important health problem for all countries. There are many studies on the effect of human lipoprotein metabolism and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) function on skin cells, but there are no detailed clinical studies on BCC yet. In addition, higher phospholipid and cholesterol content was found in cancerous and precancerous lesions of the skin compared to normal tissue. The aim of our study was to evaluate the lipid profile in patients with BCC and to try to find any relationship between BCC and molecules that have an important place in HDL-C functionality. Methods The patient group consisted of 39 patients who were clinically diagnosed with BCC by biopsy in hospital clinics. The control group (n:44) was randomly selected from patients of the same age group without a diagnosis of BCC who applied to different clinics of the same hospital. Routine lipid level, Apolipoprotein A1 (Apo-A1) level and Paraoxonase (PON-1) enzyme measurements were made from serum samples taken from the patients and control groups participating in the study. Results The most important findings of this study, a statistically significant decrease in serum Apo-A1 level and a decrease trend in PON-1 enzyme can be considered in BCC patients compared to control groups. Conclusion Lipid metabolism and HDL functionality, may play a role in the development of BCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the failure of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) raising therapies to reduce cardiovascular disease risk, attention has turned towards HDL composition and vascular protective functions. In individuals with insulin resistance, exercise interventions recover HDL function. However, the effect of exercise on HDL in otherwise healthy individuals is unknown. This cross-sectional study aimed to measure HDL composition and antioxidant/endothelial anti-inflammatory function in insulin sensitive endurance athlete and healthy control men. HDL was isolated using density gradient ultracentrifugation. HDL composition was measured using microplate assays for apolipoprotein A-I, total cholesterol content and apolipoprotein M. HDL protein composition was measured using nano-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. HDL subclass distribution was measured by native gel electrophoresis. HDL in vitro antioxidant function was measured by paraoxonase-1 activity assay and anti-inflammatory function assessed in endothelial cells. Compared with controls, endurance athlete HDL had higher apolipoprotein A-1 (1.65 + 0.62 mg/ml vs 1.21 - 0.34 mg/ml, P=0.028) and higher total cholesterol content (2.09 - 0.44 mmol/L vs 1.54 + 0.33 mmol/L, P<0.001). Proteomics revealed higher apolipoprotein A-II, A-IV and D and transthyretin in endurance athlete HDL versus controls. There was no difference observed in in vitro HDL antioxidant or anti-inflammatory functions between controls and endurance athletes. Despite a more favourable composition, endurance athlete HDL did not have higher in vitro antioxidant or anti-inflammatory function. It is possible that HDL has a ceiling of function, i.e. that healthy HDL function cannot be enhanced by endurance exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Growing research underscores the significance of diet quality in the development of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). Our study investigates the correlation between the Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS) and MetS, along with its components, in Iranian adults. Methods: This study utilizes data from the Yazd Health Study (YaHS) and includes a final analysis of 2,904 participants aged 20–70 years. Dietary data were gathered using food frequency questionnaires. MetS was defined in line with the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criteria. GDQS was derived by totaling the points across all 25 food groups, with scores ranging from 0 to 49. To examine the association between GDQS and MetS, multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted in both crude and adjusted models. Results: Participants who had the highest adherence to GDQS had a 20% lower chance of having MetS than those who had the lowest adherence after adjusting for confounding variables in Model II (T3 vs. T1: OR = 0.80; 95% CI: 0.46–0.99, P-trend = 0.045). There was no association between GDQS and MetS components including increased blood pressure, fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride, abdominal obesity and reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in crude and adjusted models. Conclusion: higher adherence to GDQS was inversely related to odds of MetS. Further longitudinal and clinical trials investigations are required to confirm these associations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes in the immune status and the content of blood transport components reflect adaptations in the human body in response to adverse factors, showcasing the organism's adaptive capabilities and functional state. In this study, we aimed to determine the features of the immune system and levels of transport components of the blood system in residents of the Arctic of the Russian Federation. Methods: The peripheral venous blood of 191 residents of the Arctic of the Russian Federation (Murmansk Oblast) aged 21–55 analyzed comprehensively. Blood was sampled from the ulnar vein on an empty stomach in the morning. The hemogram, phagocytic activity of neutrophils, lymphocyte content with CD3, CD4, CD8, CD10, CD19, CD16, CD71, CD25, HLA‐DR and CD95 phenotypes, concentrations of cytokines: TNF‐α, IFN‐γ, IL‐6, IL‐10, extracellular receptor pool: sCD71, sCD62L, sApo‐1/Fas, sFasL, circulating immune complexes (CIC) and blood transport components: haptoglobin (Hp), transferrin, IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE (immunoglobulins M, G, A and E) low‐density lipoproteins (LDL), and high density lipoprotein (HDL) were evaluated. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and comparative, factorial, and regression analyses. Results: Residents of the Murmansk Oblast exhibit a high prevalence of erythrocytosis (62.3%), thrombocytosis (25.0%), leukocytosis (20.1%), and increased hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations (42.5%), coupled with a significantly decreased level of active phagocytes (47.6%). A significantly decreased level of lymphocytes with phenotypes CD3 (92.4%), CD4 (40.4%), CD71 (62.3%) was revealed, coupled with the activation of lymphocytes with phenotypes CD16 (50.1%), CD8 (37.5%), CD19 (15.9%) and increased concentrations of pro‐inflammatory IFN‐γ (47.9%), IL‐6 (33.3%), and TNF‐α (20.1%). Elevated levels of sCD71 (56.6%), sCD62L (32.1%), sApo‐1/Fas (22.1%), sFasL (10.2%), and autoantibodies to double‐stranded DNA (57.1%), RNA (10.4%), and oLDL (oxidized‐modified LDL) (16.3%) were recorded in residents of the Murmansk Oblast. Arctic residents showed elevated concentrations of Hp (63.3%), IgM (63.9%), IgA (42.4%), IgE (18.8%), LDL (24.9%), and a decreased level of HDL (21.1%) owing to an ApoA‐I ligand deficiency (58.1%). Elevated levels of Hp in the blood are associated with increased erythrocyte aggregation frequency, T‐lymphocyte activation, and increased concentration of free receptors of the extracellular pool. Increased IgM and IgA levels in the blood are attributed to the need to bind components of the extracellular receptor pool sCD71, sCD62L, sApo‐1/Fas, sFasL and are associated with decreased levels lymphocyte with CD8 and CD16 phenotypes. The humoral immune response in Arctic residents is triggered when the cellular component of immunity is under strain which compounded by ineffective clearance of metabolic byproducts owing to imbalanced LDL and HDL lipid transport complexes. Conclusions: The immune system of Arctic residents is characterized by excessive cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes and increased concentrations of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, free forms of receptors of the extracellular pool, and autoantibodies. The change in the content of transport components of the blood system is directed at maintaining homeostasis by exhibiting antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and immunoregulatory properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a condition marked by a complex array of physiological, biochemical, and metabolic abnormalities, including central obesity, insulin resistance, high blood pressure, and dyslipidemia (characterized by elevated triglycerides and reduced levels of high-density lipoproteins). The pathogenesis develops from the accumulation of lipid droplets in the hepatocyte (steatosis). This accumulation, in genetically predisposed subjects and with other external stimuli (intestinal dysbiosis, high caloric diet, physical inactivity, stress), activates the production of pro-inflammatory molecules, alter autophagy, and turn on the activity of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), provoking the low grade chronic inflammation and the fibrosis. This syndrome is associated with a significantly increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), cardiovascular diseases (CVD), vascular, renal, pneumologic, rheumatological, sexual, cutaneous syndromes and overall mortality, with the risk rising five- to seven-fold for T2DM, three-fold for CVD, and one and a half–fold for all-cause mortality. The purpose of this narrative review is to examine metabolic syndrome as a "systemic disease" and its interaction with major internal medicine conditions such as CVD, diabetes, renal failure, and respiratory failure. It is essential for internal medicine practitioners to approach this widespread condition in a "holistic" rather than a fragmented manner, particularly in Western countries. Additionally, it is important to be aware of the non-invasive tools available for assessing this condition. Materials and Methods: We conducted an exhaustive search on PubMed up to July 2024, focusing on terms related to metabolic syndrome and other pathologies (heart, Lung (COPD, asthma, pulmonary hypertension, OSAS) and kidney failure, vascular, rheumatological (osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis), endocrinological, sexual pathologies and neoplastic risks. The review was managed in accordance with the PRISMA statement. Finally, we selected 300 studies (233 papers for the first search strategy and 67 for the second one). Our review included studies that provided insights into metabolic syndrome and non-invasive techniques for evaluating liver fibrosis and steatosis. Studies that were not conducted on humans, were published in languages other than English, or did not assess changes related to heart failure were excluded. Results: The findings revealed a clear correlation between metabolic syndrome and all the pathologies above described, indicating that non-invasive assessments of hepatic fibrosis and steatosis could potentially serve as markers for the severity and progression of the diseases. Conclusions: Metabolic syndrome is a multisystem disorder that impacts organs beyond the liver and disrupts the functioning of various organs. Notably, it is linked to a higher incidence of cardiovascular diseases, independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Non-invasive assessments of hepatic fibrosis and fibrosis allow clinicians to evaluate cardiovascular risk. Additionally, the ability to assess liver steatosis may open new diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic avenues for managing metabolic syndrome and its complications, particularly cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of death in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• People with obesity plus prediabetes or T2DM had elevated metabolic dysregulation. • Those with prediabetes or T2DM had decreased vitamin C status. • This was despite comparable dietary intakes to those without diabetes. • Vitamin C status was inversely associated with metabolic dysregulation. • Thus, metabolic dysregulation is associated with an increased demand for vitamin C. Obesity and diabetes are known to negatively affect vitamin C status. However, whether the presence of diabetes, in addition to obesity, contributes an additional impact on vitamin C status is currently uncertain. In a cohort of 152 adults living with obesity, we assessed metabolic and nutrient parameters in participants without diabetes (n = 92), and with prediabetes (n = 22) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM; n = 35). Vitamin C concentrations were measured in plasma and leukocytes using HPLC and vitamin C intakes were assessed using 24-hour dietary recall. Metabolic severity scores were derived using gender, ethnicity, height, weight, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, HDL, and triglyceride values. In people living with obesity, those with prediabetes and T2DM had increased metabolic dysregulation and decreased vitamin C status relative to those without diabetes (P <.05). Vitamin C deficiency was observed in a high proportion (23%-32%) of participants with prediabetes and T2DM and ≥50% had hypovitaminosis C. However, there was no difference in vitamin C intake between those without diabetes and those with prediabetes or T2DM (P >.05). There was a significant inverse correlation between plasma vitamin C status and metabolic severity score (r = -0.290, P <.001). Linear regression indicated that for every 1-unit increase in metabolic severity score, there was a 6.5 µmol/L decrease in vitamin C status. Thus, the enhanced metabolic dysregulation observed with prediabetes and T2DM is associated with an increased demand for vitamin C in people living with obesity. In people living with obesity, those with prediabetes (orange circles) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM; red circles) had increased metabolic dysregulation and decreased plasma vitamin C status relative to those without diabetes (green circles). For every 1-unit increase in metabolic severity score, there was a 6.5 µmol/L decrease in plasma vitamin C status. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plantain (Musa paradisiaca) has several bioactive components responsible for its pharmacological effects. The present study investigated the comparative antioxidative potential of different plantain part extracts: plantain whole fruit extract (PWFE), plantain pulp extract (PPPE), and plantain peel extract (PPLE) on FeSO₄-induced oxidative stress in isolated rat testes. Oxidative imbalance was induced in the rat testes ex vivo by incubating testis homogenate with 0.1 mM ferrous sulphate (FeSO4) in the presence or absence of plantain extracts at different concentrations (30, 60, 120, and 240 µg/mL) for 30 min at 37 °C. FeSO4 significantly reduced the levels of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (GSH), while elevating the level of oxidative stress markers like malondialdehyde (MDA). Furthermore, FeSO4 raised the levels of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) and nitric oxide (NO). Moreover, FeSO4 significantly elevated the levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (vLDL), but reduced the level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). However, PWFE, PPPE, and PPLE improved FeSO4-induced oxidative stress and lipid profiling. In particular, the extracts reduced the cellular concentrations of MDA, NO, AChE, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and vLDL but elevated the levels of GSH, SOD, CAT, and HDL. The results demonstrate the capacity of the different parts of plantain to attenuate FeSO4-induced oxidative injury in rat testes ex vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Raini Cashmere goat is one of the most important breeds of goats in Iran, which has a high economic value in the world markets due to its high-quality fluff. It is mostly found in the southeast of Iran, especially in Kerman province where there are about three million head of this breeds. The present study aimed to evaluate serum lipids profile and thyroid hormones in the Raini Cashmere goat in peripartum for better identification of this breed. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein of six adult Raini Cashmere goats and sent to the laboratory for evaluation of cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, serum glucose, and thyroid hormones. The results showed that glucose, HDL, and LDL levels increased 2 to 3 weeks before parturition and decreased after parturition. However, the triglyceride, cholesterol, T3, and T4 concentrations decreased before parturition and increased after parturition. According to the results, it was concluded that the glucose concentration increases due to the high need of the mother for nutrients to grow the fetus too. Other factors such as triglycerides and cholesterol decrease due to the absorption of fatty acids by the liver and the storage of triglycerides and cholesterol. In addition, the negative energy balance preceding parturition is associated with a reduction in the T3 and T4 levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: This study aimed to examine the cumulative effects of body mass index (BMI), body roundness index (BRI), pulse pressure (PP), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) on Type 2 diabetes (T2D) morbidity. Methods: A total of 78,456 participants aged older than 45 years were extracted from basic public health services in China. During the 2-year follow-up, 6,942 individuals had developed T2D. The binary logistic regression models and multinomial logistic regression models were conducted to investigate the effects of cumulative metabolic parameters on incident T2D, prediabetes regression and progression. Results: We found statistically deleterious impacts of exposure to high cumulative BMI, BRI, PP, TG and low cumulative HDL on T2D morbidity and prediabetes progression. Compared to the group with low cumulative of all five parameters, the adjusted ORs for new-onset T2D for participants presenting with 1–2, 3, and 4–5 elevated metabolic parameters were 1.41(1.31,1.52), 1.93(1.74,2.13) and 2.21(1.94,2.51), respectively. There was additive interaction between FPG level and cumulative metabolic parameters with T2D. Compared with participants with the lowest quartile of FPG and low cumulative of all 5 parameters, those with the highest quartile of FPG and high cumulative of 4–5 parameters had a 14.63 [95% CI (12.27, 17.42)] higher risk of incident T2D. Conclusions: Participants with more numbers of high-cumulative metabolic parameters were associated with a higher risk of incident T2D and prediabetes progression. A high level of normal FPG could enhance these risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increased cardiometabolic risk among children is increasingly becoming a concern, with evidence indicating that obesity, diet, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) are associated with cardiometabolic risk. However, such studies among Malaysian children are scarce. Thus, this study explores the associations between adiposity, dietary quality, and 25(OH)D, with cardiometabolic risk factors among Malaysian children aged 4–12 years. Data of 479 children (mean age: 8.2 ± 2.3 years old, 52% females) from the South East Asian Nutrition Surveys (SEANUTS II) Malaysia, were included in this analysis. Adiposity (percentage of body fat) was assessed with bioelectrical impedance technique. Dietary quality was assessed using 24 h dietary recall and calculated as mean adequacy ratio. Vitamin D was assessed based on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). Measurements of cardiometabolic risk factors included waist circumference (WC), mean arterial pressure (MAP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and cardiometabolic risk cluster score (siMS) was calculated. Overall, higher adiposity was positively associated with all cardiometabolic risk factors (WC, ß = 0.907; 95% CI = 0.865, 0.948; MAP, ß = 0.225; 95% CI = 0.158, 0.292; HDL, ß = −0.011; 95% CI = −0.014, −0.009; Triglyceride, ß = 0.012; 95% CI = 0.009, 0.016; FBG, ß = 0.006; 95% CI = 0.002, 0.011) and siMS score (ß = 0.033; 95% CI = 0.029, 0.037). Serum 25(OH)D was inversely associated with siMS score (ß = −0.002; 95% CI = −0.004, −0.000008) and positively associated with HDL (ß = 0.002; 95% CI = 0.0001, 0.003). Our findings suggest that adiposity is a key determinant of adverse cardiometabolic risk factors in children, while serum 25(OH)D may be associated with overall cardiometabolic health. Interventions to reduce obesity are needed to mitigate the deleterious consequences of cardiometabolic dysregulation in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scavenger receptor type B (SR-BI) is a receptor that binds both native and altered lipoproteins. It was revealed to facilitate utilization of high-density lipoprotein HDL and significantly affect the reverse transport of cholesterol. Therefore, the objectives were to identify the possible role of the genetic variant rs4238001 in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) on serum lipid level, and how this variant could impact the response of rosuvastatin drug. The genotyping of the rs4238001 genetic polymorphism of the SR-B1 gene was performed in 300 participants, including 150 MI patients treated with 20mg/day/4 weeks of rosuvastatin and 150 healthy control using Taq man probes (FAM and VIC) by Real-time PCR technique. The concentrations of the lipid profile were evaluated. The significance of the anthropometric data was revealed in the ejection fraction and smoking status (p < 0.05) between groups. The lipid profile shows either significant differences between control and MI patients (pre-treatment) or between pre-and post-treatment of MI patients (p < 0.05), but not HDL-c (p > 0.05). The minor allele frequency MAF% of the T allele and TT genotype were more frequent in MI patients than in controls (P = 0.173; OR = 3.62; 95% CI = 0.74–17.64). CC genotype was found to be associated with response to rosuvastatin therapy with a change of % (29.08 ± 53.2; p = 0.021). In the Iraqi population, the rs4238001 polymorphism of the SR-B1 gene is associated with variations in serum lipids, and the CC genotype of the SNP is related to higher HDL-C in the lipid-lowering rosuvastatin response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study published in the journal Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism examined the effects of a weight-loss program combined with respiratory muscle training (RMT) on weight and cardiovascular risk in adults with obesity. The study found that participants who followed the program experienced significant improvements in weight management and biomarkers, such as blood pressure and blood glucose levels. Compliance with the program was linked to positive outcomes. The study suggests that a combination of portion control and RMT could be an effective approach for weight loss and improving cardiovascular health in individuals with obesity. However, the study had limitations, including a small sample size and lack of a control group. [Extracted from the article]

Lipids are currently known to play an important role in bone metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the effect of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) on osteoporotic fractures beyond its beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. This was a retrospective, observational study that used data from the National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening cohort database. This study included 318,237 participants who were 50 years or older and with HDL-C levels of 10 to 200 mg/dL. Physiologic measure—Diagnosis of osteoporotic fracture during the follow-up period. The study participants were categorized into four quartiles according to baseline HDL-C levels. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess osteoporotic fracture risk according to HDL-C levels. After full adjustment and with the Q1 group as the reference group, estimates of hazard ratios (HRs; 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for any osteoporotic fracture in men were 1.03 (0.94–1.12), 1.02 (0.93–1.11), and 1.07 (0.98–1.18) for the Q2, Q3, and Q4 groups, respectively. After classifying osteoporotic fractures according to the body location, the fully adjusted HRs for vertebral and hip fractures in the men's Q4 groups were 1.16 (1.02–1.31) and 0.74 (0.57–0.96), respectively. In women, fully adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of the female Q4 group for any osteoporotic, vertebral, and hip fractures were 1.03 (0.95–1.11), 0.96 (0.86–1.07), and 1.06 (0.80–1.41), respectively. In this study, HDL-C levels were positively associated with vertebral fractures in both men and women but inversely related to hip fractures in men. Therefore, monitoring the lipid profiles of patients with osteoporosis may be beneficial for the prevention of osteoporotic fractures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Detection of precachexia is important for the prevention and treatment of cachexia. However, how to identify precachexia is still a challenge. Objective: This study aimed to detect cancer precachexia using a simple method and distinguish the different characteristics of precachexia and cachexia. Methods: We included 3896 participants in this study. We used all baseline characteristics as input variables and trained machine learning (ML) models to calculate the importance of the variables. After filtering the variables based on their importance, the models were retrained. The best model was selected based on the receiver operating characteristic value. Subsequently, we used the same method and process to identify patients with precachexia in a noncachexia population using the same method and process. Results: Participants in this study included 2228 men (57.2%) and 1668 women (42.8%), of whom 471 were diagnosed with precachexia, 1178 with cachexia, and the remainder with noncachexia. The most important characteristics of cachexia were eating changes, arm circumference, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level, and C-reactive protein albumin ratio (CAR). The most important features distinguishing precachexia were eating changes, serum creatinine, HDL, handgrip strength, and CAR. The two logistic regression models for screening for cachexia and diagnosing precachexia had the highest area under the curve values of 0.830 and 0.701, respectively. Calibration and decision curves showed that the models had good accuracy. Conclusion: We developed two models for identifying precachexia and cachexia, which will help clinicians detect and diagnose precachexia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psoriasis (PsO) is a prevalent chronic inflammatory skin disease. It is a complex condition that is affected by environmental and hereditary variables. Numerous pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and even fungi, have been linked to PsO. One of the mechanisms that clears infections is autophagy. The mechanism by which a cell feeds itself is called autophagy by reusing cytoplasmic components in the lysosome. The autophagy-related (ATG) proteins are essential components of the system that control the strictly regulated process of autophagy. Among these 41 proteins, ATG5 is one that is required in order for autophagic vesicles to develop. This research aimed to compare ATG5 levels in serum among those suffering from psoriasis vulgaris and healthy controls. This cross-sectional research was carried out on 45 individuals with vulgaris psoriasis and 45 healthy, sex and age-matched control subjects. All participants underwent a clinical examination, a laboratory investigation, and a history taking, including lipid profiles and serum ATG5. The mean age of the control and PsO were 40.6 ± 9.6, and 43.7 ± 9.3 years respectively. The mean total PASI score was 13.9 ± 8.9, with a median of 11.7 (8.8). According to the PASI score, about 38% (n = 17) had mild disease (PASI < 10), and about 62% (n = 28) had moderate/severe disease (PASI ≥ 10). There was a significantly higher median (IQR) (25th–75th) ATG5 level in PsO 206 (97) (145–242) ng/ml than in the control 147 (98) (111–209) ng/ml (p = 0.002). An insignificant higher median level (IQR) was observed in PsO with mild disease 207(95) compared with those with moderate/severe disease 183(98.5) (p = 0.057). Dissimilarly, the median (IQR) ATG5 level was significantly lower in PsO individuals with metabolic syndrome 170(72) compared with those without 207(104) (p = 0.044). Four predictors were identified following sex and age adjustments, in the final linear regression model: PASI score, triglyceride, High-Density Lipoprotein, and presence of metabolic syndrome. There can be a connection between autophagy as measured by ATG5 and psoriasis vulgaris. ATG5 was elevated in the serum of individuals with psoriasis vulgaris. However, it decreased in patients with metabolic syndrome. No relation was found between serum ATG5 and PASI score. Psoriasis vulgaris patients may benefit from using an autophagy enhancer as a potential treatment target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disorders of blood lipids and lipoproteins are a global problem and a high-risk factor for atherosclerosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This article presents data on the influence of inflammation on proatherogenic disorders of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, with an emphasis on proinflammatory cytokines. It analyzes the blood lipid profile in RA patients and identifies the need to study subfractions of high-density lipoproteins and their function in reverse cholesterol transport in RA patients as a more promising direction for clarifying cardiovascular risk. Depending on their type and metabolites, lipids may either promote disease progression or protect against RA. Supported by the close connection between altered lipid metabolism and chronic autoimmune inflammation, specific lipid profiles are emerging as unique disease biomarkers with diagnostic, predictive, and prognostic potential. Studying the influence of the immunoinflammatory process on lipids and lipoproteins in the blood of patients with RA will not only deepen knowledge about the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation but also expand understanding of the pathogenetic and prognostic significance of lipids, allowing for early diagnosis of dyslipidemia in RA at a qualitatively new level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with inflammation as a critical feature. Recently, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) have been evidenced to have anti‐inflammatory effects, suggesting a potential link between HDL and SLE that needs to be thoroughly studied. The aim was to explore the association between SLE and HDLc through a systematic review with meta‐analysis. Methods: A systematic review with meta‐analysis was conducted to assess mean differences in HDL levels between patients with SLE and healthy controls. Both qualitative and quantitative syntheses were performed, including an assessment of heterogeneity using I2, a publication bias evaluation, a methodologic quality assessment, and a forest plot under a random effects model. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on disease activity and the report of corticosteroid dosage. Results: A total of 53 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, and 35 studies were included in the quantitative synthesis, comprising 3,002 patients with SLE and 2,123 healthy controls. Mean HDL levels were found to be lower in patients with SLE as follows: in the meta‐analysis including all articles −6.55 (95% confidence interval [CI] −8.77 to −4.33); in patients with mild disease activity −5.46 (95% CI −8.26 to −2.65); in patients with moderate or severe disease activity −9.42 (95% CI −15.49 to −3.34); in patients using corticosteroids −5.32 (95% CI −10.35 to −0.29); and in studies with excellent methodologic quality −8.71 (95% CI −12.38 to −5.03). Conclusion: HDL levels appear to be quantitatively altered in patients with SLE, suggesting a potential contribution to immune dysregulation, highlighting the importance of HDL in autoimmune diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the correlation between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and bone turnover markers (BTMs) in osteoporotic fractures (OPFs) patients hospitalized for surgical intervention. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 3558 OPFs patients hospitalized for surgical intervention between January 2017 and July 2022. The study obtained baseline values for various biomarkers and covariates, including fasting blood glucose, b-C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (bCTX), procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), triglycerides, age, sex, body mass index, smoking, drinking, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, aspartate aminotransferase, uric acid, the score of American society of anesthesiologists, homocysteine, parathyroid hormone, apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein A, magnesium, phosphorus and calcium. Multiple linear regression, curve fitting, threshold effects, and subgroup analyses were also applied. Results: After adjusting for covariates in the regression analysis, the results revealed a negative correlation between b-CTX and P1NP levels and the baseline TyG index. Specifically, a one-unit increase in the TyG index was associated with a reduction in b-CTX levels of -0.06 (95% CI: -0.10, -0.01; Pvalue = 0.012) and a reduction in P1NP levels of -4.70 (95% CI: -9.30, -0.09; Pvalue = 0.046). Additionally, the inflection points for the nonlinear correlation between the TyG index and b-CTX and P1NP were found to be K = 6.31 and K = 6.63, respectively. Conclusion: The study demonstrated a negative, non-linear relationship among the TyG index, b-CTX and P1NP in OPFs patients hospitalized for surgical intervention. These findings suggest that elevated TyG index levels may adversely affect bone turnover, potentially contributing to the progression of OP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have found a possible association between nickel and metabolic syndrome (MetS), but with conflicting results. No studies have determined whether nickel exposure increases the prevalence of MetS in the general U.S. population. Therefore, we used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to assess the association between urinary nickel and MetS. Since urinary nickel levels were presented as a skewed distribution, they were normalized using a logarithmic transformation. Weighted multivariate logistic models, restricted cubic spline, threshold effect analysis, and subgroup analyses were used to examine the association between urinary nickel concentration and the risk of MetS and its components. Based on data from 1577 participants, individuals in the second, third, and fourth quartiles of urinary nickel had an adjusted OR for MetS of 1.42 (95% CI: 0.88, 2.28), 2.00 (95% CI: 1.22, 3.28), and 1.68 (95% CI: 1.05, 2.70), respectively, representing an inverted "L"-shaped nonlinear dose–response relationship with an inflection point at 0.2141 ng/L. Patients over the age of 40, males, less educated, and smokers are more susceptible to nickel exposure. In addition, there were significant associations between nickel and most components of the MetS, with the strongest to weakest correlations being high fasting glucose, reduced high-density lipoprotein, abdominal obesity, and elevated blood pressure; however, there was no significant correlation between nickel and hyperlipidemia. In conclusion, environmental nickel exposure increases the prevalence of MetS in U.S. adults, particularly in males over 40 years of age, those with less education, and smokers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Glaucoma is a leading cause of vision impairment and permanent blindness. Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a prominent type of primary glaucoma; however, its cause is difficult to determine. This study aimed to analyze the serum lipid profile of Chinese POAG patients and assess its correlation with intraocular pressure (IOP). Methods: The study included 1,139, 1,248, and 356 Chinese individuals with POAG, primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG), and controls, respectively. Peripheral whole blood samples were collected at the time of diagnosis. Enzymatic colorimetry was used to determine serum levels of different lipids: high-density lipoproteins (HDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), triglycerides, cholesterol, and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL). Additionally, immunoturbidimetry was used to quantify serum levels of apolipoproteins A (APOA), B (APOB), E (APOE), and lipoprotein A [Lp(a)], while intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured in all patients with POAG. Results: After adjusting for age and sex, patients with POAG exhibited elevated serum levels of VLDL, APOA, and APOE but mitigated cholesterol levels compared with the control participants. Significantly lower serum triglyceride, VLDL, and Lp(a) levels were found in patients with PACG than in control participants. Serum cholesterol (P = 0.019; β = -0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.38 – -0.12) and HDL levels (P < 0.001; β = -2.91, 95% CI: -4.58 – -1.25) were inversely linked to IOP in patients with POAG, after adjusting for age, sex, and ocular metrics. In addition, serum Lp(a) levels were correlated with the average IOP (P = 0.023; β = -0.0039, 95% CI: -0.0073 – -0.006) and night peak (P = 0.027; β = -0.0061, 95% CI: -0.0113 – -0.0008) in patients with POAG. Conclusions: Significantly different serum lipid and lipoprotein profiles were observed in POAG and PACG patients. This study highlighted the differences in serum lipid and lipoprotein levels among Chinese POAG patients and their relationship with IOP and IOP fluctuation. Serum lipid and lipoprotein profiles should be considered while evaluating glaucoma risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a common condition characterized by urethral sphincter failure and urine leakage. Its prevalence in women is higher than in men, and estimates of crude prevalence rates vary widely due to factors such as research methodologies, study populations, and underreporting by patients. This variability hinders research and impacts patient diagnosis, treatment, and quality of life. The complex etiology of SUI is not fully understood, and previous studies have primarily focused on non-invasive indicators. While emerging observational research suggests a correlation between SUI in women and abnormalities in lipid and blood metabolism, the underlying biological mechanisms and causal relationships require further investigation. This study aims to explore the causalities between SUI in women and lipid and blood metabolism. Methods: Using bidirectional univariate Mendelian randomization (MR), we investigated the causal association between SUI liability in women (case/control = 5,924/399,509) from UK Biobank and lipid and glucose metabolism, indicated by total cholesterol (TC, N = 61,166), low-density lipoproteins (LDL, N = 58,381), high-density lipoproteins (HDL, N = 60,812), triglycerides (TG, N = 60,027), fasting glucose (FG, N = 19,745), and fasting insulin (FI, N = 38,238) from ENGAGE consortium. To account for potential confounding effects, multivariable MR (MVMR) analyses were performed, adjusting for body mass index (BMI) and separately among lipid and glucose metabolism. Results: We found that increased genetically proxied TC, LDL, and HDL levels were associated with an elevated risk of SUI in women (OR: 1.090-1.117, all P < 0.05), These associations were further supported by MVMR analyses with adjustment for BMI (OR: 1.087-1.114, all P < 0.05). Conversely, increased FG and FI were associated with reduced SUI reliability in women (OR: 0.731-0.815, all P < 0.05). When adjusting among lipid and glucose metabolism, only HDL and FI demonstrated causal effects. Reverse MR analyses provided no genetic evidence supporting the causal effect of SUI in women on lipid and blood metabolism (all P > 0.05). Conclusions: Our results reported that increased TC, LDL, and HDL are linked to higher SUI susceptibility in women, while higher FG and FI levels have a protective effect. In overweight/obese women with metabolic abnormalities, the positive associations between TC, LDL, and HDL levels and SUI indicate a higher risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway controls embryonic development and tissue homeostasis after birth. This requires regulated solubilization of dual-lipidated, firmly plasma membrane-associated Shh precursors from producing cells. Although it is firmly established that the resistance-nodulation-division transporter Dispatched (Disp) drives this process, it is less clear how lipidated Shh solubilization from the plasma membrane is achieved. We have previously shown that Disp promotes proteolytic solubilization of Shh from its lipidated terminal peptide anchors. This process, termed shedding, converts tightly membrane-associated hydrophobic Shh precursors into delipidated soluble proteins. We show here that Disp-mediated Shh shedding is modulated by a serum factor that we identify as high-density lipoprotein (HDL). In addition to serving as a soluble sink for free membrane cholesterol, HDLs also accept the cholesterol-modified Shh peptide from Disp. The cholesteroylated Shh peptide is necessary and sufficient for Disp-mediated transfer because artificially cholesteroylated mCherry associates with HDL in a Disp-dependent manner, whereas an N-palmitoylated Shh variant lacking C-cholesterol does not. Disp-mediated Shh transfer to HDL is completed by proteolytic processing of the palmitoylated N-terminal membrane anchor. In contrast to dual-processed soluble Shh with moderate bioactivity, HDL-associated N-processed Shh is highly bioactive. We propose that the purpose of generating different soluble forms of Shh from the dual-lipidated precursor is to tune cellular responses in a tissue-type and time-specific manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: To identify predictors of excessive daytime sleepiness we analyzed data from the 'Epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases in regions of Russia (ESSE-RF)' study. Methods: Data from participants of the cohort study ESSE-RF (2012-2013), aged 25-64 years, from 13 regions of Russia were analyzed (2012-2013). The participants were interviewed regarding their sleep complaints, including difficulties with initiating and maintaining sleep, sleepiness, and use of sleeping pills. Sleepiness was considered significant if it occurred at least three times a week. The examination encompassed social, demographic, and anthropometric measures, lifestyle factors, self-reported diseases, and laboratory parameters. The final analysis included 13,255 respondents. Results: Frequent (≥3 times/week) sleepiness was reported by 5,8%, and occasional sleepiness (1--2 times/week) by 10.8% of respondents. Multivariate regression analysis identified significant predictors of frequent sleepiness. Sleep complaints (insomnia, sleep apnea, snoring) and frequent use of sleep medication were prominent factors. Additionally, age, female gender, higher education, and retirement status were associated with sleepiness. Beyond demographics and sleep, the analysis revealed predictors: abnormal anxiety levels, low high-density lipoprotein, high salt intake and following medical conditions: arrhythmia, hypertension, myocardial infarction, other heart diseases, and renal disease. Conclusion: This study identified a significant prevalence of EDS in Russians, aligning with global trends. However, findings suggest potential regional variations. Analysis revealed a complex interplay of factors contributing to EDS, highlighting the importance of individualized treatment approaches for improved sleep health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. High-Density lipoprotein (HDL) is a well-established marker associated with CAD. The current research goes beyond the conventional HDL-C measurement in previous studies and dives into the functional intricacies of HDL. By understanding how HDL works, rather than just how much of it exists, we can better tailor diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for CAD and related conditions. Hence, the current study quantifies the serum levels of two novel HDL-associated markers, Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) and Scavenger Receptor Class B Type 1 (SRB-1), in CAD cases vs. controls. Methods: A total of 92 subjects, including 69 CAD and 23 healthy controls, were included, based on the prevalence of the disease. Further, based on the severity of the disease, CAD cases were subcategorized as CAD-I, -II, and -III. Serum PON-1 and SRB-1 levels were measured and compared between patient and control groups. Results: The levels of PON-1 and SRB-1 (32.6 ng/mL and 12.49 ng/mL) were significantly lower in CAD patients vs. the healthy control, at 60.36 ng/mL and 15.85 ng/mL, respectively (p < 0.000). A further intergroup comparison showed a statistically significant difference between the CAT-I and -III for PON-1 (p < 0.025), the CAT-I and -III, and CAT-II and -III for SRB-1 (p < 0.000). The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve showed cutoff values of 48.20 ng/mL and 14.90 ng/mL for PON-1 and SRB-1. Conclusions: The current study found that serum levels of HDL-associated PON-1 and SRB-1 are significantly lower in CAD cases, and were also inversely related to the increasing severity of coronary artery disease. This inference implies that serum PON-1 and SRB-1 could be used as non-invasive tools for the identification of coronary atherosclerosis and risk assessment in CAD cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have been reported to have effects beyond lowering blood glucose levels, with certain SGLT2i expanding their indications to chronic kidney disease and chronic heart failure. We focused on the hepatoprotective and renoprotective effects of six SGLT2i and assessed whether the effects were unique to each drug or common class effects, in addition to whether the renal and hepatoprotective effects vary based on renal and hepatic status. Methods: Patients with diabetes (ipragliflozin: 837, empagliflozin: 850, canagliflozin: 922, dapagliflozin: 590, tofogliflozin: 288, and luseogliflozin: 193) who initiated SGLT2i treatment and were monitored for one year were included. The propensity score (PS) was calculated using patient backgrounds (age, sex, height, weight, body mass index [BMI], disease duration, concomitant diabetes medications, underlying conditions, glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c], estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alanine aminotransferase [ALT], high-density lipoprotein [HDL], low-density lipoprotein [LDL], and triglyceride [TG] levels) as covariates. Additionally, the inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) approach was used to compare liver and renal function test values. Results: Pre- and 12-month post-treatment comparisons demonstrated a significant reduction in hepatic function (AST and ALT) and an increase in renal function (eCcr and eGFR) for all SGLT2i. Comparison of differences between pre- and 12-month post-treatment using the IPTW approach demonstrated no significant differences in AST, ALT, and eGFR levels between SGLT2i. At 12 months post-treatment, 67 patients were classified as having a more severe CKD than those at pre-treatment, representing only 1.8% of all patients (67/3,680). Similarly, 107 patients with AST and 147 patients with ALT were classified as having progressed to a more severe grade than at pre-treatment, representing only 2.9 and 4.0%, respectively. Conclusions: Renoprotective and hepatoprotective effects are class effects of SGLT2i, and their effects are thought to be independent of kidney or liver status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined the association between walkability and blood lipids in a nationally representative sample of 29,649 participants aged 3–79 years who participated in the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) cycles 1 to 6. We focused on seven lipid biomarkers: apolipoprotein A (Apo A), apolipoprotein B (Apo B), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), and TC/HDL. Cross-sectional associations were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models incorporating survey-specific sampling weights. An increase in the Canadian Active Living Environments Index, a measure of neighborhood walkability, equivalent to the magnitude of its interquartile range (IQR) was associated with the following percentage (95% confidence intervals (CI)) changes in lipids: decreased TG, -2.85 (-4.77, -0.93) and TC/HDL, -1.68 (-2.80, -0.56), and increased HDL, 1.68 (0.93, 2.42). Significant effects were largely restricted to adults (aged 17 to 79). In the younger age group there were no significant associations between walkability and lipids in the fully adjusted model. Significant associations were more frequently seen in females than males. For females, fully adjusted significant inverse associations were observed for TG, LDL, and TC/HDL, and there were positive associations with HDL and Apo A. Canadians living in more walkable neighborhoods have more favorable lipid profiles, suggesting that the built environment has the potential to influence the risk profile for cardiovascular health, especially among adults and females. Highlights: Blood lipids were measured in participants of the Canadian Health Measures Survey. Neighborhood walkability was measured by the Canadian Active Living Index. Increased walkability was associated with lower TG and TC/HDL and higher HDL. Favourable associations were more common in females. Increased walkability may improve cardiovascular risk profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current data suggest that oxidative stress may play an important role in the occurrence of acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), as chorioretinal integrity may be affected by disruption of the patient's metabolic redox balance, indicating the need for biomarkers. In addition to oxidative stress, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) dysfunction due to dyslipidemia can also lead to many types of physical discomfort. However, little is known about the pathophysiology of the disease resulting from oxidative stress and HDL dysfunction in CSC. The aim of this study was to investigate whether serum oxidative stress and HDL functionality markers have an impact on CSC disease. The case series of this study included 33 consecutive patients with treatment-naïve acute CSC. Thirty-five healthy volunteers of similar age were included in this study as non-CSC controls. Serum samples of the participants were taken and routine lipid values, serum Total Antioxidant Status (TAS), Total Oxidant Status (TOS), Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein (ox-LDL), and Paraoxonase (PON1) levels were measured quantitatively. Serum oxidative stress index (OSI) was then calculated. Serum Ox-LDL, TOS and OSI levels in the acute CSC group, consisting of patients who had never been treated before and had no other disease, were statistically significantly higher than the control group. Conversely, serum PON1 and TAS levels were lower in CSC than in the control group. The relationship between CSC and deterioration in serum redox balance and decrease in PON1 activity, an important marker of HDL functionality, was demonstrated for the first time through this study. According to the literature, serum levels of these biomarkers, which identify acute/chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, have not been measured before in CSC disease. Finally, it is conceivable that redox balance and HDL functionality may be important in the diagnosis and treatment of the acute phase of CSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Method: Twenty inactive males (BMI 27.67 ± 0.88 kg/m2, age 49.15 ± 2.58 years) participated in an eight-week were randomly assigned to one of three intervention groups (combined (CT), resistance (RT), and aerobic (AT)) exercise modalities to assess within-subject and between group changes in glycolipid profile. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANCOVA. Result: Pre-post mean values of body fat percentage (%BF), area under the curve (AUC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and total cholesterol (TC) decreased in all three groups. The main effect of exercise modality on the AUC (F (2, 26) = 10.577, P = 0.001, η2 = 0.569) was significant. Post-hoc analyses revealed that the RT group (-30.653 ± 6.766, p = 0.001) with 11.53% and the CT group (M = -0.896, SE = 3.347, P = 0.015) with 3.79% exhibited significantly greater reductions in AUC compared to the AT group. LDL levels showed significant different between groups (F (2, 26) = 6.33, p = 0.009, η2 = 0.442), specially significantly 3.7% lowered in AT (MD = 4.783, SE = 1.563, P = 0.002) and 3.79% lower in CT (MD = 4.57, SE = 1.284, P = 0.008) groups compared to the RT group. AT significantly reduced TC by 17.716 ± 5.705 mg/dL (p = 0.02) compared to RT, representing a 7.97% decrease. Conclusion: Exercise type significantly influences lipid profiles and glycemic control. Notably, both aerobic and combined training demonstrated a superior ability to modulate the lipid profile, and resistance training and combined training were more effective in reducing the AUC. Trial registration: May, 31st 2024. Registration no: PACTR202405463745521 "Retrospectively registered". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous studies have shown significant associations between individual fat-soluble vitamins (FSVs) and metabolic syndromes (MetS). However, evidence on the multiple FSVs co-exposure and MetS odds is limited. Given that individuals are typically exposed to different levels of FSVs simultaneously, and FSVs can interact with each other. It's necessary to explore the association between multiple FSVs co-exposure and MetS odds. This study aims to address this gap in general U.S. adults aged ≥ 20 years. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANESs) 2003–2006 and 2017–2018. Three FSV, including vitamin A (VA), vitamin E (VE), and vitamin D (VD), and MetS diagnosed according to the ATP III guidelines were selected as exposure and outcome, respectively. Multivariable-adjusted logistic model was used to explore the associations of individual FSV exposure with MetS odds and MetS components. Restricted cubic splines were performed to explore the dose–response relationships among them. The quantile g-computation method was adopted to explore the associations of multiple FSVs co-exposure with MetS odds and MetS components. Results: The presented study included a total of 13,975 individuals, with 2400 (17.17%) were diagnosed with MetS. After adjusting for various confounders, a positive linear pattern was observed for serum VA and VE and MetS associations. Serum VD was found to be negatively associated with MetS in a linear dose–response way. For each component of MetS, higher serum VA and VE were associated with higher triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein; higher serum VD was negatively associated with triglyceride, blood pressure, and fasting plasma glucose. MetS odds increased by 15% and 13%, respectively, in response to one quartile increase in FSVs co-exposure index (qgcomp) in the conditional model (OR = 1.15, 95%CI: 1.06, 1.24) and the marginal structural model (OR = 1.13, 95%CI: 1.06, 1.20). Besides, co-exposure to VA, VE, and VD was positively associated with triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, and blood pressure levels. Conclusion: Findings in the present study revealed that high serum VA and VE levels were associated with elevated MetS odds, while serum VD was inversely associated with MetS odds. FSVs co-exposure was positively associated with MetS odds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Preoperative immune-inflammatory condition influencing the metabolism of malignancies. We sought to investigate the prognostic value of a novel immune-inflammatory metabolic marker, the monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio (MHR), in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 118 patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer and obstructive jaundice who underwent allogeneic vascular replacement pancreaticoduodenectomy in our hospital from Apr. 2011 to Dec. 2023. To assess the predictive capacity of immune-inflammatory metabolic marker, we utilized the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) and assessed the predictive potential of MHR in forecasting outcomes through both univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard analyses. Results: The area under AUC for MHR in predicting 1-year postoperative survival was 0.714, with an optimal cutoff value of 1.184, yielding a sensitivity of 78.9% and specificity of 66.2%. Based on this cutoff value, patients were divided into a low MHR group (MHR =1.184, n = 61) and a high MHR group (MHR >1.184, n = 57). The median survival times for the low and high MHR groups were 27.0 months and 12.0 months, respectively (2 = 30.575, p < 0.001), and the median DFS were 18.0 months and 8.0 months, respectively (2 = 26.330, p < 0.001). Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that preoperative MHR, preoperative creatinine, operation duration, and TNM stage were independent predictors of postoperative mortality, while preoperative MHR, preoperative creatinine, and TNM stage were independent predictors of postoperative recurrence risk. Conclusion: MHR, as an independent immune-inflammatory metabolic predictor of OS and DFS in patients with advanced PC after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Early monitoring and reduction of MHR may be of great significance in improving prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), a cardiovascular risk factor, increases in renal failure. The aim of this study was to investigate ADMA levels in normal weight and obese patients on hemodialysis. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 43 normal weight and 43 obese patients on regular hemodialysis were examined. Malnutrition-inflammation score (MIS), anthropometry, circulating ADMA, lipid profiles including triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and lipid ratios, glucose homeostasis parameters, blood pressure, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were assessed. Results: Serum levels of ADMA were significantly lower in the obese compared to the normal weight patients (10268.2 ± 10092.4 vs. 13765.2 ± 9951.3 ng/l, P = 0.03). At the same time MIS score (6.1 ± 2.4 vs. 10.7 ± 3.2, P < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (119 ± 26.8 vs. 134.2 ± 24.7 mmHg, P = 0.018) and mean arterial pressure (91.3 ± 18.6 vs. 100.9 ± 15.9 mmHg, P = 0.028) were significantly lower in the obese than the normal weight group. Fasting blood glucose (P = 0.045), TG/HDL (P = 0.03), TC/HDL (P = 0.019), and LDL/HDL (P = 0.005) ratios, and hs-CRP (P = 0.015) levels were significantly higher in the obese than in the normal weight group. Conclusion: Circulating ADMA was significantly lower in obese than in normal weight patients on hemodialysis, which was concomitant with lower MIS, indicating a better nutritional inflammatory status, and lower blood pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveMethodsResultsConclusionsAsthma is a heterogeneous respiratory disease characterized by airway hyper-responsiveness and reversible airflow blockage. There is ongoing debate about the impact of vitamin D on asthma. This research is focused on investigating the correlation between serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and asthma.This cross-sectional study comprised 22,708 eligible participants. Data on asthma and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2018 were analyzed. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were the main factor, with the presence of asthma as the outcome variable. Weighted logistic regression was utilized to investigate the relationship between serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and asthma, while accounting for factors such as age, gender, race, length of time in US, annual family income, education level, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and cholesterol.Upon adjusting all variables in model III, epi-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 displayed a negative correlation with current asthma at the lower quartile Q1 (0.784, [0.697 to 0.922]), Q2 (0.841, [0.729 to 0.946]), Q3 (0.396, [0.240 to 0.653]) when compared to the highest quartile Q4 level. However, no significant difference was observed between asthma and 25-hydroxyvitamin D2, as well as 25-hydroxyvitamin D3.In the U.S. population, elevated levels of epi-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 are correlated with an increased risk of developing existing asthma. However, it is important to interpret this finding carefully given the constraints of cross-sectional studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Observational studies have found associations between sex hormones and metabolic syndrome(Mets), but the causal relationships remains unclear. This study utilizes univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) to elucidate the associations between sex hormones (including sex hormone-binding globulin(SHBG), estradiol(E2), testosterone(T)) and Mets and its subtypes (including waist circumference(WC), fasting blood glucose(FBG), high blood pressure(HBP), high-density lipoprotein(HDL-C), triglycerides(TG)). Methods: We utilized summary data from large-scale genome-wide association studies. Univariable Mendelian randomization (UMVMR) analysis was primarily conducted using the inverse variance weighted method (IVW), with secondary analyses employing the weighted median, MR-Egger regression, simple mode method, and weighted mode method. Subsequently, multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) was employed to assess the causal relationships between SHBG, T, E2, and MetS and its components: WC, FPG, HBP, HDL-C, and TG. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess result reliability. Results: Genetically predicted SHBG was significantly negatively associated with MetS (UMVMR: β=-0.72; 95% CI = 0.41 to 0.57; P = 1.28e-17; MVMR: β=-0.60; 95% CI=-0.83 to -0.38; P < 0.001). Positive causal relationships were observed between SHBG and WC(MVMR: β = 0.10; 95% CI = 0.03 to 0.17; P = 0.01) and HDL-C (MVMR: β = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.21 to 0.60; P < 0.001), while negative causal relationships were found between SHBG and HBP (MVMR: β=-0.02; 95% CI=-0.04 to -0.00; P = 0.02), TG (MVMR: β=-0.48; 95% CI=-0.70 to -0.26; P < 0.001). Genetically predicted E2 exhibited a negative association with TG (MVMR: β=-1.49; 95% CI=-2.48 to -0.50; P = 0.003). Genetically predicted T was negatively associated with TG (MVMR: β=-0.36; 95% CI=-0.71 to -0.00; P = 0.049) and WC (MVMR: β=-0.13; 95% CI=-0.24 to -0.02; P = 0.02), with inconsistent sensitivity analyses. Additionally, No other causal associations were found. Conclusion: Our study indicates that SHBG is a protective factor for MetS, potentially delaying its onset and progression through improvements in HBP and TG. Furthermore, T and E2 may improve TG levels, with T also reducing WC levels. Importantly, our study provides new insights for the prevention and treatment of MetS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Stroke is a non-communicable disease that causes sudden global or focal neurological disorders. It is one of the major public causes of morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries, including Ethiopia. Early identification of the determinants and prompt intervention remains critical to reduce morbidity and mortality from stroke. Objective: The study aimed to identify determinants of stroke among adult hypertensive patients on follow up in Addis Ababa public hospitals, Ethiopia. Methods: Unmatched case-control study design was conducted among 326(109 cases and 217 controls) study participants in Addis Ababa public hospitals from September 1–30, 2021. The cases were adult hypertensive patients who developed a stroke and the controls were adult hypertensive patients. The study participants were selected by consecutive sampling technique. Pretested structured interviewer assisted questionnaire and checklist were used to collect data. Data were entered into Epi data version 3.1; exported and analysed by SPSS version 23. All independent variables with p-value < 0.25 in the bi-variable logistic regression analysis were entered into multivariable logistic regression analysis. Finally, variables with p-value <0.05 were considered as determinants of the stroke. Results: In this study, current cigarette smoker(AOR = 5.55, 95% CI: 2.48, 12.43), current alcohol drinker(AOR = 4.27, 95% CI: 1.94, 9.38), medication non-compliance(AOR = 3.23, 95% CI: 1.62, 6.44), uncontrolled systolic blood pressure (AOR = 3.42, 95% CI: 1.64, 7.16), uncontrolled diastolic blood pressure(AOR = 4.29, 95% CI: 2.06, 8.93), high low density lipoprotein(AOR = 6.89, 95% CI: 3.57, 13.35) and diabetic mellitus(AOR = 3.25, 95% CI: 1.58, 6.69) were more likely to develop a stroke. Conclusion and recommendation: Cigarette smoking, alcohol use, non-adherence to medication, uncontrolled systolic pressure, uncontrolled diastolic blood pressure, high low-density lipoprotein, and diabetic mellitus were determinants of stroke. Providing health education about lifestyle changes and the consequences of hypertension at all follow-up is very important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: High density lipoproteins (HDL) exert cardiovascular protection in part through their antioxidant capacity and cholesterol efflux function. Effects of exercise training on HDL function are yet to be well established, while impact on triacylglycerol (TG)-lowering has been often reported. Wepreviously showed that a short-term high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program improves insulin sensitivity but does not inhibit inflammatory pathways in immune cells in insulin-resistant subjects. The purpose of this study is to evaluate HDL function along with changes of lipoproteins after the short-term HIIT program in lean, obese nondiabetic, and obese type 2 diabetic (T2DM) subjects. Methods: All individuals underwent a supervised 15-day program of alternative HIIT for 40 minutes per day. VO2peak was determined before and after this training program. A pre-training fasting blood sample was collected, and the post-training fasting blood sample collection was performed 36 hours after the last exercise session. Results: Blood lipid profile and HDL function were analyzed before and after the HIIT program. Along with improved blood lipid profiles in obese and T2DM subjects, the HIIT program affected circulating apolipoprotein amounts differently. The HIIT program increased HDL-cholesterol levels and improved the cholesterol efflux capacity only in lean subjects. Furthermore, the HIIT program improved the antioxidant capacity of HDL in all subjects. Data from multiple logistic regression analysis showed that changes in HDL antioxidant capacity were inversely associated with changes in atherogenic lipids and changes in HDL-TG content. Discussion: We show that a short-term HIIT program improves aspects of HDL function depending on metabolic contexts, which correlates with improvements in blood lipid profile. Our results demonstrate that TG content in HDL particles may play a negative role in the anti-atherogenic function of HDL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Diabetes is a significant risk factor for cognitive impairment. Therefore, early identification of cognitive impairment in diabetic patients is particularly important. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between Cardiometabolic index (CMI) and cognitive function in a diabetic population. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted by collecting information from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014. Multiple linear regression models were used to investigate the correlation between CMI and low cognitive function in a diabetic population. Threshold effects analysis and fitted smoothing curves were used to describe the nonlinear links. Interaction tests and subgroup analyses were also performed. Results: A total of 1,050 people participated in this study, including 561 men and 489 women. In the fully corrected model, CMI was positively associated with low cognitive performance as assessed by CERAD Word List Learning Test (CERAD W-L), Animal Fluency Test (AFT), and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) (OR = 1.37 [1.14, 1.72], p = 7.4 × 10−3), (OR = 1.21 [1.04, 1.51], p = 1.26 × 10−2), and (OR = 1.27 [1.08, 1.63], p = 2.53 × 10−2). Our study found that diabetic patients with higher CMI were at greater risk of developing low cognitive function. The effect of the subgroups on the positive association of CMI with cognitive impairment was not significant. A non-linear association between low cognitive performance and CMI was determined by CERAD W-L, AFT, and DSST (log-likelihood ratio <5 × 10−2). In addition, our also study found that CMI was a better predictor of cognitive impairment in diabetes than weight-adjusted waist index (WWI). Conclusion: Increased CMI is associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment in people with diabetes. CMI can be used as a new anthropometric measure for predicting cognitive impairment in diabetes, with stronger predictive power than WWI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To identify the association of the rs121912724 polymorphism in the Apolipoprotein A1 gene with diabetic dyslipidemia and its correlation with serum High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL), Triglycerides, (TG) and Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Methods: Two groups were taken, comprising 150 diabetic dyslipidemia (group I) patients and 150 healthy controls (group II). Demographic and biochemical data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences 26 by applying the Student independent t-test. DNA samples of both groups were subjected to TETRA-Amplification Refractory System polymerase chain reaction, and allele A and C of the rs121912724 polymorphism were amplified. The association of the rs121912724 polymorphism with the disease was studied using Fisher's exact test and Cochran-Armitage test. The correlation between the polymorphism and levels of lipid levels was determined using Pearson correlation on SPSS version 27. Results: The levels of HDL-C, LDL-C, and TG were significantly higher than in healthy group (p<0.000). The genotypic count of homozygous AA was 137, 12 of heterozygous AC, and 1 of homozygous CC in group I. The genotypic count of homozygous AA was 138, 12 of heterozygous AC in group II, with no homozygous CC. There was no association of rs121912724 observed with the development of diabetic dyslipidemia, and a negative correlation of rs121912724 with deranged levels of HDL-C, LDL-C, and TG was observed. Conclusion: The rs121912724 polymorphism in the APOA1 gene was not associated with diabetic dyslipidemia. There was no correlation found between the polymorphism and deranged levels of HDL-C, TG, and LDL-C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]