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C-reactive protein (CRP) levels have been implicated in the severity and symptomatology of major depressive disorder (MDD). The aim of this study was to explore the structure of depressive symptoms in patients with MDD according to different groups of CRP levels using network analysis. The study included 864 individuals (mean age = 54.05, 67.48 % male) diagnosed with MDD from the 2015–2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Analyses examined how depressive symptoms and CRP level were related to each other, and how the network structure of depressive symptoms differed across groups with different CRP levels. A direct positive correlation was observed between CRP levels and specific depressive symptoms (e.g., appetite change, energy loss, and feelings of worthlessness). Moreover, there was a stronger correlation between depressive symptoms in the medium CRP and high CRP groups compared to the low CRP group. Furthermore, it was observed that there were notable structural differences between the high-CRP and moderate-CRP groups. The study is based on cross-sectional data, which precludes the drawing of causal conclusions. Furthermore, it does not take into account confounding factors such as body mass index (BMI) and lifestyle. The findings underscore the pivotal role of CRP as a marker of the severity of depressive symptoms. Routine CRP level testing and anti-inflammatory therapies may be beneficial for depressed patients with elevated CRP levels in clinical practice. • CRP levels were directly associated with some specific depressive symptoms. • A higher density structure of depressive symptoms was observed in the elevated CRP groups. • The groups with high and moderate CRP levels had different symptom's structure. • Regular CRP levels testing and anti-inflammatory treatments may be useful for depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Multifactorial chylomicronemia syndrome (MCS) is a severe form of hypertriglyceridemia (hyperTG) associated with an increased risk of acute pancreatitis. However, the risk of acute pancreatitis is very heterogenous in MCS. Previous studies suggested that inflammation might promote disease progression in hyperTG-induced acute pancreatitis. Objective To determine if low-grade inflammation is associated with acute pancreatitis in MCS. Methods This study included 102 subjects with MCS for whom high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) concentration was measured at their first visit at the Montreal Clinical Research Institute. Results Patients with MCS who had a previous history of acute pancreatitis had a significant higher hsCRP concentration (4.62 mg/L vs 2.61 mg/L; P =.003), and high hsCRP concentration (≥ 3 mg/L) was independently associated with acute pancreatitis prevalence (P <.05). Up to 64% of the variability in acute pancreatitis prevalence was explained by the maximal triglycerides (TG) concentration, hsCRP concentration, the presence of rare variants in TG-related genes, and fructose intake, based on a stepwise multivariate regression model (P <.0001). Conclusion This retrospective study showed for the first time that hsCRP concentration is strongly associated with acute pancreatitis prevalence in MCS. It also suggests that low-grade inflammation may be a driver of acute pancreatitis in severe hypertriglyceridemia. Prospective studies could help determine the causality of this association and assess whether medication known to reduce low-grade inflammation could help prevent acute pancreatitis in individuals with severe hypertriglyceridemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although serum uric acid (SUA) is a risk factor for cardiometabolic outcome, but it remains unclear which patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) benefit the most from SUA lowering therapy (ULT). The association of SUA level, systemic inflammation and cardiometabolic risk is still unclear. The current study is aimed to examine whether SUA-associated cardiometabolic risk is modulated by systemic inflammation in CAD patients. A total of 16,598 CAD patients with baseline high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP) and SUA available were included. Baseline and follow-up data were collected. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), including death, myocardial infarction and stroke. In patients with hsCRP ≥ 2 mg/L, increasing quintiles of SUA were significantly associated with increased rates of 2-year MACCE (adjusted p < 0.001 for trend, p = 0.037 for interaction). Each unit increase in SUA levels was associated with a 11.3% increased risk of MACCE (adjusted p < 0.001, p = 0.002 for interaction). However, in patients with hsCRP < 2 mg/L, increasing quintiles of SUA were not associated with increased MACCE (adjusted p = 0.120). Elevated SUA levels are related to MACCE when hsCRP levels are 2 mg/L or more but not less than 2 mg/L. This finding suggests a potential benefit of combined ULT and anti-inflammation therapy in patients with hyperuricemia and greater systemic inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims Methods and results Conclusion Progressive heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is adversely affected by alterations in the myocardial balance between bone marrow‐derived pro‐inflammatory cardiac macrophages and embryo‐derived reparative cardiac resident macrophages. Mesenchymal precursor cells (MPCs) may restore this balance and improve clinical outcomes when inflammation is present. The purpose was to (i) identify risk factors for cardiovascular death (CVD) in control patients with HFrEF in the DREAM‐HF trial, and (ii) determine if MPCs improve major clinical outcomes (CVD, myocardial infarction [MI], stroke) in high‐risk patients with ischaemic HFrEF and inflammation.Cause‐specific regression analyses were used to identify CVD risk factors in DREAM‐HF control patients. Aalen–Johansen cumulative incidence curves were used to examine CVD, 2‐point major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (MI or stroke), and 3‐point MACE (CVD or MI or stroke) by treatment group in ischaemic vs non‐ischaemic HFrEF and in patients with or without baseline inflammation. In control DREAM‐HF patients, factors portending the greatest risk for CVD were inflammation (baseline plasma high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein ≥2 mg/L; p = 0.003) and ischaemic HFrEF aetiology (p = 0.097), with increased CVD risk of 61% and 38%, respectively. Over 30‐month mean follow‐up, MPCs reduced 2‐point and 3‐point MACE by 88% (p = 0.005) and 52% (p = 0.018), respectively, in patients with ischaemic HFrEF and inflammation compared to controls.Ischaemic aetiology and inflammation were identified as major risk factors for MACE in control DREAM‐HF patients. A single intramyocardial MPC administration produced the most significant, sustained reduction in 2‐point and 3‐point MACE in patients with ischaemic HFrEF and inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Objective Methods Results Discussion Conclusion Registration There is limited and conflicting data on the reduction of circulatory inflammatory mediators in patients with apical periodontitis (AP) following endodontic treatment.To answer the following research question: in adult healthy patients with AP [Population (P)], is there a difference before [Comparator (C)] and after various endodontic treatments (nonsurgical, surgical or retreatment) [Intervention (I)] on systemic levels of inflammatory biomarkers [Outcome (O)] in the follow‐up period [Time (T)]?An electronic literature search was conducted in the databases Scopus, PubMed, Clarivate Analytics' Web of Science, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Grey literature from inception to July 2024 with no language restrictions. Observational studies examining changes in serum levels of inflammatory mediators were included. Two independent reviewers selected studies, extracted data and critically appraised the included studies. Qualitative and quantitative (meta‐analysis) data synthesis methods were employed. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of the included studies.Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria, of which six were included in the meta‐analysis. These studies were published between 1992 and 2024, involving a total of 596 patients (54% females) aged between 16 and 75 years. The meta‐analysis of pooled data showed a significant decrease in high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) levels in the serum of patients with AP 6 months after treatment [2.26 ± 1.76 versus 1.28 ± 1.06 mg/L, (Z = 2.03, p = .04)] and a decrease in interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) levels 12 months after treatment [13.01 ± 5.95 versus 10.86 ± 3.52 pg/mL, (Z = 3.72, p < .01)]. One study was assessed as poor quality, while all others were considered high quality.Despite the differences in methodologies across the included studies, it has been established that effective endodontic treatment leads to a reduction in systemic inflammatory biomarkers in the body.Following effective endodontic treatment in patients with AP, the systemic levels of hs‐CRP and IL‐1β exhibit a significant reduction at 6 and 12 months, respectively. Further clinical studies should investigate whether effective endodontic treatment and reduced levels of investigated biomarkers may change the clinical presentation of systemic diseases.PROSPERO database (CRD42024559271). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Understanding the role of systemic inflammation in the development of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is crucial for identifying individuals at a higher risk of this cluster of conditions that increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. Patients and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted with 4,312 participants who were free from MetS at the study's onset and had high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels measured. Latent class trajectory modeling was utilized to identify distinct hsCRP trajectory patterns. Multivariable regression and proportional hazards analyses were employed to evaluate the predictive value of hsCRP trajectories for the development of MetS. Results: During the 1.63-year follow-up period, 1,308 participants developed metabolic syndrome (MetS). Individuals with high hsCRP levels exhibited a significantly increased risk of developing MetS compared to those with low hsCRP levels (HR = 1.062, 95% CI 1.103– 1.113). The hsCRP trajectory analysis identified three distinct groups: low-stable, increasing, and decreasing. The decreasing and increasing hsCRP trajectory groups demonstrated a 1.408-fold (95% CI 1.115– 1.779) and a 1.618-fold (95% CI 1.288– 2.033) increased risk of MetS, respectively. Conclusion: This study suggests that participants with higher baseline hsCRP levels and increasing hsCRP trajectories are associated with a progression toward MetS. Long-term hsCRP trajectories may serve as useful tools for identifying individuals at higher risk of MetS who could benefit from targeted preventive and therapeutic interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The general population experiences mortality rates that are related to high levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). We aim to assess the linkage of longitudinal trajectories in hs-CRP levels with all-cause mortality in Chinese participants. Methods: We utilized data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The exposures were dynamic changes in the hs-CRP and cumulative hs-CRP from 2012 to 2015, and the outcome was all-cause mortality. All participants were categorized into four trajectories according to hs-CRP levels. Multivariable logistic regression analysis, adjusted for potential confounders, was employed to evaluate the relationship of different trajectories of hs-CRP with mortality risk. A two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) method and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) for identifying determinants of mortality risk were also employed. Results: The study included 5,445 participants with 233 deaths observed, yielding a mortality proportion of 4.28%. Compared to individuals maintaining low, stable levels of hs-CRP (Class 1), individuals with sustained elevated levels of hs-CRP (Class 4), those experiencing a progressive rise in hs-CRP levels (Class 2), or those transitioning from elevated to reduced hs-CRP levels (Class 3) all faced a significantly heighted death risk, with adjusted Odds Ratios (ORs) ranging from 2.34 to 2.47 across models. Moreover, a non-linear relationship was found between them. Further TSMR analysis also supported these findings. SHAP showed that hs-CRP was the fifth most important determinant of mortality risk. Conclusions: Our study shows all-cause mortality increases with dynamic changes in hs-CRP levels among middle-aged and elderly adults in China, and cumulative hs-CRP shows an L-shaped relationship with all-cause mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study determined the associations of apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and HDL-C/ApoA1 ratio with fasting blood glucose (FBG) and evaluated the mediating effects of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and body mass index (BMI). A cross-sectional study with 4805 coronary artery disease (CAD) patients was performed. In multivariable analyses, higher ApoA1, HDL-C, and HDL-C/ApoA1 ratio were associated with significantly lower FBG level (Q [quartile] 4 vs Q1: 5.67 vs 5.87 mmol/L for ApoA1; 5.64 vs 5.98 mmol/L for HDL-C; 5.63 vs 6.01 mmol/L for HDL-C/ApoA1 ratio). Moreover, inverse associations of ApoA1, HDL-C, and HDL-C/ApoA1 ratio with abnormal FBG (AFBG) were found with odd ratios (95% confidence interval) of.83 (.70–.98),.60 (.50–.71), and.53 (.45–.64) in Q4 compared with Q1. Path analyses indicated that "ApoA1 (or HDL-C)-FBG" associations were mediated by hsCRP and "HDL-C-FBG" association was mediated by BMI. Our data suggested that higher ApoA1, HDL-C, and HDL-C/ApoA1 ratio were favorably associated with a lower FBG level in CAD patients and these associations might be mediated by hsCRP or BMI. Collectively, higher concentrations of ApoA1, HDL-C, and HDL-C/ApoA1 ratio might decrease the risk of AFBG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate whether changes in presepsin, procalcitonin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and interleukin 6 levels predict mortality in septic patients in the intensive care unit. This study enrolled septic patients between November 2020 and December 2021. Levels of presepsin, procalcitonin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and interleukin 6 were measured on the first (PSEP_0, PCT_0, hsCRP_0, IL-6_0) and third days (PSEP_3, PCT_3, hsCRP_3, IL-6_3). Follow-up was performed on days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 after enrollment. The outcome was all-cause death. The study included 119 participants, and the mortality was 18.5%. In univariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, ΔPSEP (= PSEP_3 – PSEP_0) > 211.49 pg/mL (hazard ratio, 2.70; 95% confidence interval, 1.17–6.22), ΔPCT (= PCT_3 – PCT_0) > –0.13 ng/mL (hazard ratio, 7.31; 95% confidence interval, 2.68–19.80), ΔhsCRP (= hsCRP_3 – hsCRP_0) > −19.29 mg/L (hazard ratio, 6.89; 95% confidence interval, 1.61–29.40), and ΔIL-6 (= IL-6_3 – IL-6_0) > 1.00 pg/mL (hazard ratio, 3.13; 95% confidence interval, 1.35–7.24) indicated an increased risk of mortality. The composite concordance index for alterations in all 4 distinct biomarkers was highest (concordance index, 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.76–0.91), suggesting the optimal performance of this panel in mortality prediction. In decision curve analysis, compared with the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II and Sequential (sepsis-related) Organ Failure Assessment scores, the combination of the 4 biomarkers had a larger net benefit. Interestingly, interleukin 6 was predominantly produced by monocytes upon lipopolysaccharide stimulation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. ΔPSEP, ΔPCT, ΔhsCRP, and ΔIL-6 are reliable biomarkers for predicting mortality in septic patients in the intensive care unit, and their combination has the best performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recent studies have suggested that adverse events associated with lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] might be modified by low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) or high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) levels, but whether LDL‐C and hs‐CRP jointly mediate the outcome of Lp(a) remains unknown in patients with coronary artery disease. Methods and Results: A prospective study was conducted, enrolling consecutive 10 724 patients with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in 2013. The endpoint event was all‐cause death. A total of 10 000 patients with complete baseline data were finally included. During a median follow‐up of 5.1 years, Lp(a) ≥ 30 mg/dL was an independent risk factor of all‐cause death in the overall population, LDL‐C ≥ 70 mg/dL, and hs‐CRP ≥ 2 mg/L population, respectively. According to concurrent LDL‐C (70 mg/dL) and hs‐CRP (2 mg/L) levels, further analysis revealed that when LDL‐C < 70 mg/dL regardless of hs‐CRP levels, Lp(a) ≥ 30 mg/dL was not an independent predictor of all‐cause death. However, when LDL‐C ≥ 70 mg/dL, Lp(a) ≥ 30 mg/dL was independently associated with a higher risk of all‐cause death in hs‐CRP ≥ 2 mg/L (HR: 1.488, 95% CI: 1.059‒2.092), but not in hs‐CRP < 2 mg/L (HR: 1.303, 95% CI: 0.914‒1.856). Conclusion: Among PCI patients, Lp(a)‐associated outcome was jointly affected by LDL‐C and hs‐CRP. As long as LDL‐C is well controlled, the adverse effects of increased Lp(a) on cardiovascular risk seem to be weakened, and only when LDL‐C and hs‐CRP increase at the same time, elevated Lp(a) is associated with poorer long‐term outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Although serum uric acid (SUA) is a risk factor for cardiometabolic outcome, but it remains unclear which patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) benefit the most from SUA lowering therapy (ULT). The association of SUA level, systemic inflammation and cardiometabolic risk is still unclear. The current study is aimed to examine whether SUA-associated cardiometabolic risk is modulated by systemic inflammation in CAD patients. A total of 16,598 CAD patients with baseline high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP) and SUA available were included. Baseline and follow-up data were collected. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), including death, myocardial infarction and stroke. In patients with hsCRP ≥ 2 mg/L, increasing quintiles of SUA were significantly associated with increased rates of 2-year MACCE (adjusted p

Abstract Background A decline in cognitive function is associated with inflammatory processes. However, the association between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels and cognitive decline in the Japanese population remains inconclusive. Thus, this study aimed to determine whether hs-CRP is associated with low cognitive function in 70- and 80-year-old community-dwelling Japanese individuals. Methods The participants in this cross-sectional study were 872 Japanese residents aged 70 and 80 years who voluntarily participated in the Septuagenarians, Octogenarians, Nonagenarians Investigation with Centenarians (SONIC) study between 2010 and 2011. Blood sample collection, cognitive assessment, and other measurements were performed at the venue. Low cognitive function was defined as a score of 25 points or lower on the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for each hs-CRP quartile were calculated using logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 288 (69.9%) parsons in the 70-year-old group and 372 (80.9%) in the 80-year-old group exhibited low cognitive function. The association between hs-CRP levels and low cognitive function was significant among 70- and 80-year-old Japanese community-dwelling adults. In particular, the fourth quartile of hs-CRP (0.727–7.420 mg/L) in the 70-year-old group and the second and fourth quartiles (0.214–0.404 and 0.911–9.890 mg/L) in the 80-year-old group were associated with low cognitive function. Furthermore, the third quartile (0.409–0.892 mg/L) in the 80-year-old group was closely associated with low cognitive function. Conclusions High hs-CRP levels were associated with lower cognitive function in 70- and 80-year-old Japanese community-dwelling individuals, suggesting that high hs-CRP levels may influence cognitive function.

Abstract Background Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has emerged as the predominant form of chronic liver disease globally linked with heightened cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, the leading cause of mortality among affected individuals. Aim This study aims to assess serum PTX3 (pentraxin 3) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ) as potential non-invasive biomarkers for predicting cardiovascular risk (CVR) in MAFLD patients. Method A case–control investigation encompassing 84 MAFLD patients without prior CVD history and 30 age- and gender-matched healthy controls was conducted. Both cohorts underwent comprehensive laboratory and radiological evaluations. CVR was evaluated through common carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT), Framingham risk score, and QRISK 2 score. The efficacy of two ELISA biomarkers PTX3 and PDGFRβ was examined for correlation with CVR in MAFLD patients. Results MAFLD patients displayed significantly heightened levels of PTX3 and PDGFβ compared to healthy controls (P

Abstract Aims To assess the correlation between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) and the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among individuals with diabetes. Methods A total of 1,555 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were enrolled in this cross-sectional study after excluding individuals without diabetes and those who lacked data on Hs-CRP, diabetes and CVD. All participants were divided into four groups based on quartiles of Hs-CRP: Q1 (≤ 1.20 mg/L), Q2 (1.20–2.86 mg/L), Q3 (2.86–6.40 mg/L), and Q4 (> 6.40 mg/L). Logistic regression analysis, subgroup analysis and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis were used to evaluate the correlation between Hs-CRP and the prevalence of CVD in individuals with diabetes. Results In univariate logistic regression analysis, a higher level of Hs-CRP was associated with a higher prevalence of CVD (P

Abstract Background Premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) is prevailing. We aimed to investigate the evaluation value of atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) for the occurrence and severity of coronary artery lesion in PCAD patients. Methods PCAD (PACD group)/non-PCAD (control group) patients were enrolled. The coronary artery lesion degree was evaluated using Gensini score (GS). PCAD patients were allocated into the low/medium/high GS groups, with general clinical baseline data analyzed. Plasma hs-CRP/AIP levels were compared in PCAD patients with different disease degree. Correlations between plasma hs-CRP/AIP with Gensini score, independent risk factors affecting the occurrence of PCAD, and the predictive value of hs-CRP/AIP/their combination for the occurrence and degree of PCAD were evaluated by Spearman correlation analysis/Logistic multivariate regression/receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The differences in the area under the curve (AUC) were compared using MedCalc-Comparison of ROC curves. Results Plasma hs-CRP/AIP levels in the PCAD group were increased. Plasma hs-CRP/AIP levels varied significantly among PCAD patients with different disease degree. Plasma hs-CRP/AIP levels were markedly positively correlated with the Gensini score. Smoking history/homocysteine/fasting blood-glucose/hs-CRP/AIP were all independent risk factors affecting PCAD occurrence. The AUC of hs-CRP and AIP combination predicting the occurrence of PCAD was 0.950 (90.80% sensitivity/93.33% specificity). hs-CRP/AIP combination assisted in predicting the disease degree in PCAD patients. Conclusions AIP and hs-CRP are independent risk factors for the occurrence of PCAD, and their combination has high predictive value for PCAD occurrence and disease degree, which are both positively correlated with coronary artery lesion degree.

Abstract The effect of systemic inflammation, represented by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), on triglyceride glucose (TyG) index-associated cardiovascular risk in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has not yet been determined. This study was a retrospective analysis of a single-center prospective registry and finally included 1701 patients (age, 60 ± 10 years; male, 76.7%). The primary endpoint was defined as major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including cardiovascular mortality, non-fatal stroke, and non-fatal myocardial infarction. In the multivariate COX regression model that included the GRACE risk score, higher TyG index was significantly associated with a greater incidence of MACE in patients with hsCRP levels less than 2 mg/L but not 2 mg/L or more (P for interaction = 0.039). Each unit increase in the TyG index was independently associated with a 52% increased risk of MACE only in patients with hsCRP levels less than 2 mg/L (P = 0.021). After adjustment for other confounding factors, including the GRACE risk score, compared with those in the group of TyG index

Background: A decline in cognitive function is associated with inflammatory processes. However, the association between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels and cognitive decline in the Japanese population remains inconclusive. Thus, this study aimed to determine whether hs-CRP is associated with low cognitive function in 70- and 80-year-old community-dwelling Japanese individuals. Methods: The participants in this cross-sectional study were 872 Japanese residents aged 70 and 80 years who voluntarily participated in the Septuagenarians, Octogenarians, Nonagenarians Investigation with Centenarians (SONIC) study between 2010 and 2011. Blood sample collection, cognitive assessment, and other measurements were performed at the venue. Low cognitive function was defined as a score of 25 points or lower on the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for each hs-CRP quartile were calculated using logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 288 (69.9%) parsons in the 70-year-old group and 372 (80.9%) in the 80-year-old group exhibited low cognitive function. The association between hs-CRP levels and low cognitive function was significant among 70- and 80-year-old Japanese community-dwelling adults. In particular, the fourth quartile of hs-CRP (0.727–7.420 mg/L) in the 70-year-old group and the second and fourth quartiles (0.214–0.404 and 0.911–9.890 mg/L) in the 80-year-old group were associated with low cognitive function. Furthermore, the third quartile (0.409–0.892 mg/L) in the 80-year-old group was closely associated with low cognitive function. Conclusions: High hs-CRP levels were associated with lower cognitive function in 70- and 80-year-old Japanese community-dwelling individuals, suggesting that high hs-CRP levels may influence cognitive function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Evidence before this study. • Previous studies have demonstrated the association between residual inflammation and adverse clinical outcomes in patients with de novo lesions treated with PCI and statins. However, in patients with ISR, whether clinicians should choose a second LDL-C lowering agent, or alternatively initiate the anti-inflammatory therapy, remains uncertain and controversial. • Added value of this study. • Among 2079 patients who were undergoing PCI for ISR lesions, residual inflammatory risk (as measured by hsCRP) was a stronger predictor of adverse cardiovascular outcomes compared with residual cholesterol risk (as detected by LDL-C). • Implications of all the available evidence. • In patients with ISR underwent successful PCI, inflammation appears to be a stronger driver of residual cardiovascular event than cholesterol level. These data have substantial implications for the anti-inflammation as a therapeutic target to improve long-term outcomes in this special population. To evaluate the relationships between residual inflammatory risk [assessed by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP)], residual cholesterol risk [assessed by low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)] and clinical outcomes among patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for in-stent restenosis (ISR) lesions. Between January 2017 and December 2018, a total of 2079 patients who underwent PCI for ISR were consecutively enrolled. The primary outcome was the rate of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), defined as a composite endpoint of all-cause death, spontaneous myocardial infarction (MI), or repeat revascularization. During a median follow-up of 36 months, 436 MACEs occurred. Baseline hsCRP was significantly associated with MACE (highest versus lowest quartile, adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.90 [95% CI, 1.39–2.59]; P < 0.001). By contrast, the baseline LDL-C quartile was not associated with MACE (highest versus lowest quartile, aHR 0.93 [95% CI, 0.71- 1.22]; P = 0.59). Compared with patients without residual risk (hsCRP <2 mg/L and LDL-C < 70 mg/dL), participants with both residual inflammatory and LDL-C risk (hsCRP ≥2 mg/L and LDL-C ≥ 70 mg/dL) (aHR, 1.39 [95% CI, 1.06–1.83]; P = 0.02) and those with residual inflammatory risk only (hsCRP ≥2 mg/L and LDL-C < 70 mg/dL) (aHR, 1.34 [95% CI, 1.01–1.72]; P = 0.04) had significantly higher risks of MACE. In the current cohort of patients after ISR PCI, inflammation assessed by hsCRP predicted higher risk of adverse clinical outcomes, whereas the level of LDL-C was not associated with adverse prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the association of the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a simple-but-reliable indicator of insulin resistance, with risk of cardiovascular (CV) events in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with different inflammation status. We consecutively recruited 20,518 patients with angiograph-proven-CAD from 2017 to 2018 at Fuwai Hospital. Patients were categorized according to baseline TyG index tertiles (T) (tertile 1: ≤8.624; T2: 8.624–9.902 and T3: >9.902) and further assigned into 6 groups by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) medians. The primary endpoint was CV events including CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction and nonfatal stroke. During the 3.1-year-follow-up, 618 (3.0%) CV events were recorded. Overall, patients with high TyG index levels (T2 or T3) showed significantly increased risk of CV events (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.24; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.53; HR: 1.33; 95%CI: 1.05–1.68, respectively) compared with those with lowest Tyg index (T1) after adjusting for confounding factors. Upon stratification by hsCRP levels, elevated TyG index was associated with increased risk of CV events only in patients with hsCRP levels > median (per-1-unit-increase HR: 1.39; 95%CI: 1.11–1.74), rather than in those with hsCRP levels ≤ median. Furthermore, adding the TyG index to the predicting model led to a significant improvement in patients with hsCRP > median rather than in those with hsCRP ≤ median. We firstly found that elevated TyG index levels were associated with increased risk of CV events in CAD patients, especially in those with increased inflammatory status, suggesting that it could help in risk stratification and prognosis in this population. • Multivariable Cox regression analysis indicated that patients with high TyG or hsCRP had a higher risk of CV events. • After hsCRP stratification, the positive TyG index-CV events association was seen in hsCRP>median patients. • Adding TyG to the CV risk model improved the CV event prediction in hsCRP >median group but not in hsCRP ≤median group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The high-sensitivity C-reactive protein to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (CHR) is a novel biomarker associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between CHR and contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI). Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional research included 10,917 individuals who underwent PCI. CI-AKI was diagnosed using the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KIDIGO) standard. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between CHR and CI-AKI, followed by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of participants to assess the clinical diagnostic performance of CHR on CI-AKI. Results: A total of 1037 patients (9.50%) developed CI-AKI after PCI. The age of individuals averaged 64.1 ± 11.1 years old, with 2511 females (23.0%). A multivariate logistic regression study revealed that higher CHR levels were linked to higher CI-AKI incidence rates ([Q4 vs. Q1]: odds ratio (OR) = 1.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.42 to 2.54], p < 0.001). A restricted cubic spline analysis revealed a linear association between CHR and CI-AKI. ROC analysis indicated that CHR was an excellent predictor of CI-AKI (area under ROC curve = 0.606, 95% CI [0.588 to 0.624]). Conclusions: A high CHR level is strongly associated with increased CI-AKI incidence, suggesting that CHR may be an independent risk factor for CI-AKI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has emerged as the predominant form of chronic liver disease globally linked with heightened cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, the leading cause of mortality among affected individuals. Aim: This study aims to assess serum PTX3 (pentraxin 3) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ) as potential non-invasive biomarkers for predicting cardiovascular risk (CVR) in MAFLD patients. Method: A case–control investigation encompassing 84 MAFLD patients without prior CVD history and 30 age- and gender-matched healthy controls was conducted. Both cohorts underwent comprehensive laboratory and radiological evaluations. CVR was evaluated through common carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT), Framingham risk score, and QRISK 2 score. The efficacy of two ELISA biomarkers PTX3 and PDGFRβ was examined for correlation with CVR in MAFLD patients. Results: MAFLD patients displayed significantly heightened levels of PTX3 and PDGFβ compared to healthy controls (P < 0.001, P = 0.016, respectively). PDGFβ exhibited a notably positive correlation with the Framingham score (P = 0.016), while no significant correlation was observed with pentraxin 3 (P = 0.061). Univariate and multivariate analyses identified diabetes mellitus (DM) (P < 0.001*), hypertension (P = 0.005), visceral fat (P < 0.001*), waist/hip circumference (P = 0.04), and PDGFβ (P = 0.03) as robust predictors of CVR, with PTX3 demonstrating limited prognostic utility. Conclusion: PDGFβ emerged as a promising early non-invasive predictor of CVR in MAFLD patients, highlighting its potential role in guiding tailored preventive interventions, while PTX3 exhibited a modest impact warranting further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To assess the correlation between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) and the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among individuals with diabetes. Methods: A total of 1,555 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were enrolled in this cross-sectional study after excluding individuals without diabetes and those who lacked data on Hs-CRP, diabetes and CVD. All participants were divided into four groups based on quartiles of Hs-CRP: Q1 (≤ 1.20 mg/L), Q2 (1.20–2.86 mg/L), Q3 (2.86–6.40 mg/L), and Q4 (> 6.40 mg/L). Logistic regression analysis, subgroup analysis and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis were used to evaluate the correlation between Hs-CRP and the prevalence of CVD in individuals with diabetes. Results: In univariate logistic regression analysis, a higher level of Hs-CRP was associated with a higher prevalence of CVD (P < 0.05). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusting for confounders, the correlation between Hs-CRP and the prevalence of CVD remained significant (Q3 vs. Q1, OR: 1.505, 95% CI: 1.056–2.147, P = 0.024; Q4 vs. Q1, OR: 1.711, 95% CI: 1.171–2.499, P = 0.006; log10(Hs-CRP), OR: 1.504, 95% CI: 1.168–1.935, P = 0.002). Further subgroup analysis showed that a higher Hs-CRP was independently associated with a higher prevalence of CVD in the < 60 years, male, non-hypertension and non-hypercholesterolemia subgroups (P < 0.05). Additionally, RCS analysis revealed a linear positive correlation between Hs-CRP and CVD prevalence (P for nonlinearity = 0.244). Conclusion: A higher level of Hs-CRP was closely related to a higher prevalence of CVD in people with diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) is prevailing. We aimed to investigate the evaluation value of atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) for the occurrence and severity of coronary artery lesion in PCAD patients. Methods: PCAD (PACD group)/non-PCAD (control group) patients were enrolled. The coronary artery lesion degree was evaluated using Gensini score (GS). PCAD patients were allocated into the low/medium/high GS groups, with general clinical baseline data analyzed. Plasma hs-CRP/AIP levels were compared in PCAD patients with different disease degree. Correlations between plasma hs-CRP/AIP with Gensini score, independent risk factors affecting the occurrence of PCAD, and the predictive value of hs-CRP/AIP/their combination for the occurrence and degree of PCAD were evaluated by Spearman correlation analysis/Logistic multivariate regression/receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The differences in the area under the curve (AUC) were compared using MedCalc-Comparison of ROC curves. Results: Plasma hs-CRP/AIP levels in the PCAD group were increased. Plasma hs-CRP/AIP levels varied significantly among PCAD patients with different disease degree. Plasma hs-CRP/AIP levels were markedly positively correlated with the Gensini score. Smoking history/homocysteine/fasting blood-glucose/hs-CRP/AIP were all independent risk factors affecting PCAD occurrence. The AUC of hs-CRP and AIP combination predicting the occurrence of PCAD was 0.950 (90.80% sensitivity/93.33% specificity). hs-CRP/AIP combination assisted in predicting the disease degree in PCAD patients. Conclusions: AIP and hs-CRP are independent risk factors for the occurrence of PCAD, and their combination has high predictive value for PCAD occurrence and disease degree, which are both positively correlated with coronary artery lesion degree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of systemic inflammation, represented by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), on triglyceride glucose (TyG) index-associated cardiovascular risk in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has not yet been determined. This study was a retrospective analysis of a single-center prospective registry and finally included 1701 patients (age, 60 ± 10 years; male, 76.7%). The primary endpoint was defined as major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including cardiovascular mortality, non-fatal stroke, and non-fatal myocardial infarction. In the multivariate COX regression model that included the GRACE risk score, higher TyG index was significantly associated with a greater incidence of MACE in patients with hsCRP levels less than 2 mg/L but not 2 mg/L or more (P for interaction = 0.039). Each unit increase in the TyG index was independently associated with a 52% increased risk of MACE only in patients with hsCRP levels less than 2 mg/L (P = 0.021). After adjustment for other confounding factors, including the GRACE risk score, compared with those in the group of TyG index < 8.62 and hsCRP < 2 mg/L, patients in the group of TyG index ≥ 8.62 and hsCRP ≥ 2 mg/L had a 3.9 times higher hazard ratio for developing MACE. The addition of both TyG index and hsCRP had an incremental effect on the predictive ability of the GRACE risk score-based prognostic model for MACE (C-statistic: increased from 0.631 to 0.661; cNRI: 0.146, P = 0.012; IDI: 0.009, P < 0.001). In conclusion, there was a significant interaction between the TyG index and hsCRP for the risk of MACE, and the TyG index was reliably and independently associated with MACE only when hsCRP levels were less than 2 mg/L. Furthermore, high TyG index and high hsCRP levels synergistically increased the risk of MACE, suggesting that the prognostic value of TyG index combined with hsCRP might be promising in patients with ACS undergoing PCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVES Pharmacological postconditioning can protect against myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury during cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation. The aim of this study was to observe the protective effects of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FDP) postconditioning on myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement with extracorporeal circulation. METHODS Patients undergoing elective mitral valve replacement and/or aortic valve replacement were divided into normal saline postconditioning group (NS group) and FDP postconditioning group (FDP group). The primary outcome was the plasma concentration of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB). The secondary outcomes were the plasma concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase, CK, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and cardiac troponin I, the spontaneous cardiac rhythm recovery profile, the extracorporeal circulation time and duration of surgery, intensive care unit and postoperative hospitalization. RESULTS Forty patients were randomly assigned to receive intervention and included in the analysis. The serum concentrations of CK-MB, lactate dehydrogenase, CK, cardiac troponin I, alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein at T1∼4 were lower in the FDP group than in the NS group (P  <   0.001). Compared with the NS group, the dosage of dopamine administered 1–90 min after cardiac resuscitation, the spontaneous cardiac rhythm recovery time and the incidence of ventricular fibrillation were lower in the FDP group (P  <   0.001, P  <   0.001 and P  =   0.040, respectively). The values of ST- changes were increased more significantly in the NS group than in the FDP group (median [standard deviation] 1.3 [0.3] mm vs 0.7 [0.2] mm; P  <   0.001). Compared with the NS group, the time of recovery of ST-segment deviations was shorter in the FDP group (50.3 [12.3] min vs 34.6 [6.9] min; P  <   0.001). CONCLUSIONS The FDP postconditioning could improve both myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury and the spontaneous cardiac rhythm recovery during cardiac valve surgery with extracorporeal circulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) face a high risk of heart failure and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Despite strong evidence that high LV relative wall thickness (RWT) is a risk marker for heart failure, few studies have evaluated LV RWT and aggravating factors in individuals with BD. We recruited 104 participants (52 patients with BD and 52 age- and sex-matched mentally healthy controls) to undergo echocardiographic imaging and biochemistry, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and blood cell count measurements. LV RWT was estimated using the following equation: (2 × LV posterior wall end-diastolic thickness)/LV end-diastolic diameter. Clinical data were obtained through interviews and chart reviews. The BD group exhibited a significantly greater LV RWT (Cohen's d = 0.53, p = 0.003) and a less favorable mitral valve E/A ratio (Cohen's d = 0.54, p = 0.023) and LV global longitudinal strain (Cohen's d = 0.57, p = 0.047) than did the control group. Multiple linear regression revealed that in the BD group, serum triglyceride levels (β = 0.466, p = 0.001), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios (β = 0.324, p = 0.022), and hs-CRP levels (β = 0.289, p = 0.043) were all significantly and positively associated with LV RWT. This study applied a cross-sectional design, meaning that the direction of causation could not be inferred. Patients with BD are at a risk of heart failure, as indicated by their relatively high LV RWT. Lipid levels and systemic inflammation may explain this unfavorable association. • We studied left ventricular (LV) geometry and risk factors in bipolar disorder (BD). • Patients with BD were at a risk of LV hypertrophy and myocardial dysfunction. • LV wall thickness in BD was associated with triglyceride and low-grade systemic inflammation. • There were sex-specific associations between BD and indices of LV hypertrophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) have somatic symptoms, but little studies pay attention in the microbial-inflammatory mechanisms of these somatic symptoms. Our study aimed to investigate alterations in gut microbiota and its correlation with inflammatory marker levels and somatic symptoms in first-episode treatment-naive MDD. Subjects contained 160 MDD patients and 101 healthy controls (HCs). MDD patients were divided into MDD with somatic symptoms group (MDD S) and MDD without somatic symptoms group (MDD N) based on Somatic Self-rating Scale (SSS). 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing were performed to analyze the composition of the fecal microbiota. The inflammatory factors were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Correlation among the altered gut microbiota, inflammatory factor and severity of clinical symptoms were analysized. Relative to HCs, MDD patients had higher levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) as well as disordered α-diversity and β-diversity of gut microbiota. Linear discriminant effect size (LEfSe) analysis showed that MDD patients had higher proportions of Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Haemophilus and lower proportions of Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Dialister, Sutterella, Parabacteroides, Bordetella, and Phascolarctobacterium from the genus aspect. Furthermore, correlation analysis showed Bacteroides and Roseburia had negative correlations with the hs-CRP, HAMD-24, the total and factor scores of SSS in all participants. Further, compared with MDD N, the Pielous evenness was higher in MDD S. Random Forest (RF) analysis showed 20 most important genera discriminating MDD-S and MDD N, HCs. The ROC analysis showed that the AUC was 0.90 and 0.81 combining these genera respectively. Our study manifested MDD patients showed disordered gut microbiota and elevated hs-CRP levels, and altered gut microbiota was closely associated with hs-CRP, depressive symptoms, and somatic symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic neuropathy and nephropathy are common complications of type 1 diabetes (T1D). The symptoms are often elusive in the early stages, and available diagnostic methods can be improved using biomarkers. Matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3) has been identified in the kidneys and is thought to be involved in diabetic nephropathy. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) has been suggested to have positive effects in diabetes, but is otherwise associated with adverse effects such as cardiovascular risk, declined kidney function, and neurodegeneration. This study aims to investigate plasma MMP-3 and GDF-15 as systemic biomarkers for diabetic neuropathy and nephropathy in T1D. The study involves patients with childhood-onset T1D (n = 48, age 38 ± 4 years) and a healthy control group (n = 30, age 38 ± 5 years). Neurophysiology tests, evaluations of albuminuria, and measurements of routine biochemical markers were conducted. The neuropathy impairment assessment (NIA) scoring system, where factors such as loss of sensation and weakened reflexes are evaluated, was used to screen for symptoms of neuropathy. MMP-3 and GDF-15 concentrations were determined in heparinized plasma using ELISA kits. In total, 9 patients (19%) had albuminuria, and 25 (52%) had diabetic neuropathy. No significant differences were found in MMP-3 concentrations between the groups. GDF-15 levels were higher in T1D, with median and interquartile range (IQR) of 358 (242) pg/mL in T1D and 295 (59) in controls (p < 0.001). In the merged patient group, a positive correlation was found between MMP-3 and plasma creatinine, a negative correlation was found between MMP-3 and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; rho = −0.358, p = 0.012), and there was a positive correlation between GDF-15 and NIA (rho = 0.723, p < 0.001) and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (rho = 0.395, p = 0.005). MMP-3 was increased in macroalbuminuria and correlated positively with NIA only in the nine T1D patients with albuminuria (rho = 0.836, p = 0.005). The present study indicates that high MMP-3 is associated with low eGFR, high plasma creatinine, and macroalbuminuria, and that GDF-15 can be a biomarker for diabetic neuropathy in T1D. MMP-3 may be useful as biomarker for neuropathy in T1D with albuminuria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Job strain is a psychological, physical, and behavioral stress that occurs at the workplace. Job strain is associated with more than double the normal risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). The main aim of this study was to determine the association between job strain and the following parameters: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), the albumin urine excretion rate (AUER), and secondary-level testing. Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted on patients who underwent cardiological assessment between October 2023 and February 2024 at the Promedicanon Cardiology Center. This study comprised 210 participants, with two groups: 105 chronic coronary syndromes (CCS) patients and 105 no-CCS patients. The baseline characteristics collected were age, gender, education, rural/urban environment, traditional CAD risk factors, hs-CRP, and AUER. The secondary-level testing included an electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiography, and enhanced contrast computed tomography (ECCT). Psychological questionnaires comprised the tertiary-level testing, including the PHQ-9 depression questionnaire, and the satisfaction with work scale (SWWS) for job strain (Likert score). Results: The baseline characteristics were all significantly different between the groups (p < 0.05) except for total cholesterol. The hs-CRP level had a mean value of 0.4837 ± 0.19082 in the CCS group; for the no-CCS group, the hs-CRP mean value was 0.2289 ± 0.11009; p-value < 0.001. The AUER had a mean value of 42.770 ± 12.8658 for the CCS group and 26.432 ± 9.7338 for the no-CCS group; p-value < 0.001. For the associations between secondary-level testing and job strain: p < 0.001 for ST depression, negative T-waves, and q-waves; p = 0.415 for atrial fibrillation (AF); p = 0.018 for wall motion studies; p = 0.005 for ECCT. The association between job strain and AF had no statistical significance. The contractility of left ventricle walls and coronary calcification score were associated with job strain, with statistical significance. The p-value was 0.013 for the relationship between depression and the ECCT; for the association between depression and CCS status, the p-value was 0.021. Depression is usually diagnosed in job strain. The association between depression, and coronary calcification, as well as depression and CCS status had statistical significance. Conclusions: Job strain increased the hs-CRP level and AUER in both the CCS and no-CCS patients. The primary and secondary prevention of CHD could also include interventions to reduce job strain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The number of elderly patients who require surgery as their primary treatment has increased rapidly in recent years. Among 300 million people globally who underwent surgery every year, patients aged 65 years and over accounted for more than 30% of cases. Despite medical advances, older patients remain at higher risk of postoperative complications. Early diagnosis and effective prediction are essential requirements for preventing serious postoperative complications. In this study, we aim to provide new biomarker combinations to predict the incidence of postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) admissions > 24 h in elderly patients. Methods: This investigation was conducted as a nested case–control study, incorporating 413 participants aged ≥ 65 years who underwent non-cardiac, non-urological elective surgeries. These individuals underwent a 30-day postoperative follow-up. Before surgery, peripheral venous blood was collected for analyzing serum creatinine (Scr), procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), and high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP). The efficacy of these biomarkers in predicting postoperative complications was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and area under the curve (AUC) values. Results: Postoperatively, 10 patients (2.42%) required ICU admission. Regarding ICU admissions, the AUCs with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the biomarker combinations of Scr × PCT and Scr × CRP were 0.750 (0.655–0.845, P = 0.007) and 0.724 (0.567–0.882, P = 0.015), respectively. Furthermore, cardiovascular events were observed in 14 patients (3.39%). The AUC with a 95% CI for the combination of Scr × CRP in predicting cardiovascular events was 0.688 (0.560–0.817, P = 0.017). Conclusion: The innovative combinations of biomarkers (Scr × PCT and Scr × CRP) demonstrated efficacy as predictors for postoperative ICU admissions in elderly patients. Additionally, the Scr × CRP also had a moderate predictive value for postoperative cardiovascular events. Trial Registration: China Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1900026223. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objectiveHigh-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), a classical indicator of inflammation, holds significant clinical value in various diseases. The relationship between hs-CRP and gallstones, however, remains poorly studied at present. The relationship between hs-CRP and gallstones will be investigated in this study.MethodsData from the 2017–2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed, focusing on participants aged 20 years and older who provided complete hs-CRP and gallstone information. Due to the skewed distribution of hs-CRP, the data were log-transformed [Log (hs-CRP)] to achieve normalization. Logistic regression analysis, subgroup analysis, and smoothed fitted curves were applied to determine the relationship between Log (hs-CRP) and the presence of gallstones.ResultsThe study included 4,484 participants with an average Log (hs-CRP) of 1.18 ± 0.74. The prevalence of gallstones was 11.15%, increasing with higher Log (hs-CRP) levels (quartile 1: 8.31%; quartile 2: 8.76%; quartile 3: 11.98%; quartile 4: 16.36%; p

Background The mechanism for hypoattenuating leaflet thickening (HALT) after transcatheter aortic valve replacement is still not well elucidated, and the role of Lp(a) (lipoprotein[a]) and hs‐CRP (high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein) has rarely been studied. This study sought to test the hypothesis that the risk of HALT is associated with an elevated level of Lp(a) or hs‐CRP. Methods and Results A total of 307 consecutive individuals who underwent a transcatheter aortic valve replacement procedure were included. All patients received their first postoperative computed tomography scans within 12 months, and raw data were analyzed on 3mensio software. HALT was defined as visually identified increased leaflet thickness with typical meniscal appearance and at least 2 different multiplanar reformation projections. Associations of Lp(a) or hs‐CRP with the risk of HALT were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression analysis. The incidence of HALT within 12 months after transcatheter aortic valve replacement in this study was 36.2%, and the risk of HALT was associated with higher baseline Lp(a) (the multivariable adjusted odds ratio [OR] for every 10 mg/dL change was 1.18 [95% CI, 1.09–1.29]) and hs‐CRP level (the multivariable adjusted OR for every 1 mg/L change was 1.08 [95% CI, 1.00–1.27]). Compared with individuals out of the top 25th percentile for both Lp(a) and hs‐CRP, the multivariable adjusted OR for HALT was 4.74 (95% CI, 1.65–14.37) for the top 25th percentile. This result remained consistent after excluding patients receiving anticoagulant therapy. Conclusions The top 25th percentile of Lp(a) level (≥40 mg/dL) combined with the top 25th percentile of hs‐CRP level (≥3.5 mg/L) conferred a 4.74‐fold risk of HALT.

Objective: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a significant risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). This study aimed to assess the variations in biomarkers associated with CHD in T2DM patients across different age groups in the Han Chinese population. Methods: A strict selection process was employed, involving three groups: a control group (n = 300) with no medical history, a new-onset T2DM group (n = 300), and a new-onset T2DM + CHD group (n = 300). Participants in each group were further categorized based on age: Group 1 (75 years). Fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), ApoB/ApoA1 ratio, lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and homocysteine (HCY) levels were analyzed in all groups. Results: Both T2DM and T2DM + CHD groups exhibited elevated levels of TG, TC, LDL-C, ApoB, ApoB/ApoA1, Lp(a), hsCRP, and HCY, alongside decreased levels of HDL-C and ApoA1 in comparison to the control group. Notably, when comparing the T2DM to the T2DM + CHD groups, significant increases were noted in ApoB, Lp(a), and hsCRP levels in the T2DM + CHD group, whereas other biomarkers did not show significant differences. Across all age groups, the patterns remained consistent, with the T2DM and T2DM + CHD groups showing elevated levels of TG, TC, LDL-C, ApoB, ApoB/ApoA1, Lp(a), hsCRP, and HCY, and decreased levels of HDL-C and ApoA1 compared to their respective age-matched control groups. Furthermore, within each age category, significant increases in ApoB, Lp(a), and hsCRP were specifically observed with advancing age in the T2DM + CHD group, with Lp(a) and hsCRP levels showing particularly notable elevations, underscoring their potential as significant indicators of CHD risk in the T2DM population. Conclusion: Lp(a) and hsCRP may serve as valuable risk biomarkers for the development of CHD in T2DM patients. Understanding the variations in these biomarkers across different age groups can assist in risk assessment and the development of personalized management strategies for CHD in T2DM patients.

Background: Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a multi-system disorder that affects 3%–6% of human pregnancies and causes substantial maternal and foetal mortality and morbidity. Various studies have implicated testosterone as a causative factor in the pathogenesis of PE. The present study evaluated the association of serum testosterone levels with PE and maternal and foetal outcomes. Aim: The objectives of the study were to assess serum testosterone levels in PE compared to normotensive pregnant mothers, to look for its association with PE and to identify its utility as a biomarker for PE. Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in the 2nd trimester pregnant mothers (n = 110) attending the outpatient department at Vinayaka Mission’s Kirupananda Variyar Medical College Hospital, Salem. Serum testosterone, uric acid, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and creatinine were evaluated and compared amongst the pre-eclamptic and normal pregnant women. Results: The mean serum testosterone level was higher in PE women (2.625 ± 1.40 ng/dL) when compared to normal pregnant women (1.217 ± 0.258 ng/dL) (P < 0.001). Serum testosterone was found to be positively correlated with uric acid (r = 0.517, P < 0.001), hsCRP (r = 0.307, P < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (BP) (r = 0.480, P < 0.000) and diastolic BP (r = 0.544 P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for serum testosterone levels was done (area under the curve = 0.815), with sensitivity and specificity of 78.18% and 78.18%, respectively. Conclusion: This study attempted to identify the association between serum testosterone levels, PE and pregnancy outcomes in a small South Indian population. Serum testosterone levels were found to be significantly elevated in pre-eclamptic women compared to normal pregnancies and could be used as a predictive biomarker. Serum uric acid and hsCRP also showed a significant positive association with PE.

Abstract Background Residual risk assessment for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients after sufficient medical management remains challenging. The usefulness of measuring high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and remnant cholesterol (RC) in assessing the level of residual inflammation risk (RIR) and residual cholesterol risk (RCR) for risk stratification in these patients needs to be evaluated. Methods Patients admitted for ACS on statin treatment who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) between March 2016 and March 2019 were enrolled in the analysis. The included patients were stratified based on the levels of hsCRP and RC during hospitalization. The primary outcome was ischemic events at 12 months, defined as a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. The secondary outcomes included 12-month all-cause death and cardiac death. Results Among the 5778 patients, the median hsCRP concentration was 2.60 mg/L and the median RC concentration was 24.98 mg/dL. The RIR was significantly associated with ischemic events (highest hsCRP tertile vs. lowest hsCRP tertile, adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–2.30, P = 0.046), cardiac death (aHR: 1.77, 95% CI:1.02–3.07, P = 0.0418) and all-cause death (aHR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.24–3.24, P = 0.0048). The RCR was also significantly associated with these outcomes, with corresponding values for the highest tertile of RC were 1.81 (1.21–2.73, P = 0.0043), 2.76 (1.57–4.86, P = 0.0004), and 1.72 (1.09–2.73, P = 0.0208), respectively. The risks of ischemic events (aHR: 2.80, 95% CI: 1.75–4.49, P

Background In rotator cuff repair, the long head of the biceps tendon (LHB) is commonly used as graft material. However, factors influencing LHB tear severity are poorly understood, and predicting grade II LHB tears is challenging. This study aimed to identify these factors preoperatively. Methods The demographics, medical parameters, and pain severity of 750 patients who underwent arthroscopic surgery from January 2010 to February 2021 were evaluated to determine the factors associated with LHB tear severity and grade II tears. Both overall and large-to-massive rotator cuff tear (RCT) cohorts underwent ordinal and binary logistic regression analyses. Predictive accuracy for grade II LHB tears was determined using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results In the overall cohort, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) >1 mg/L (P1 mg/L, subscapularis tear, and Patte retraction degree were significantly associated with grade II LHB tears (P1 mg/L, hypertension, and age ≥50 years (P1 mg/L (P1 mg/L demonstrated good predictive accuracy for grade II LHB tears (AUCs: 0.72 and 0.70). Conclusions Serum hs-CRP >1 mg/L is associated with LHB tear severity and serves as a reliable predictor of grade II LHB tears, facilitating preoperative assessment of the LHB as potential graft material in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Level of Evidence III

Background: Residual risk assessment for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients after sufficient medical management remains challenging. The usefulness of measuring high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and remnant cholesterol (RC) in assessing the level of residual inflammation risk (RIR) and residual cholesterol risk (RCR) for risk stratification in these patients needs to be evaluated. Methods: Patients admitted for ACS on statin treatment who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) between March 2016 and March 2019 were enrolled in the analysis. The included patients were stratified based on the levels of hsCRP and RC during hospitalization. The primary outcome was ischemic events at 12 months, defined as a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. The secondary outcomes included 12-month all-cause death and cardiac death. Results: Among the 5778 patients, the median hsCRP concentration was 2.60 mg/L and the median RC concentration was 24.98 mg/dL. The RIR was significantly associated with ischemic events (highest hsCRP tertile vs. lowest hsCRP tertile, adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–2.30, P = 0.046), cardiac death (aHR: 1.77, 95% CI:1.02–3.07, P = 0.0418) and all-cause death (aHR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.24–3.24, P = 0.0048). The RCR was also significantly associated with these outcomes, with corresponding values for the highest tertile of RC were 1.81 (1.21–2.73, P = 0.0043), 2.76 (1.57–4.86, P = 0.0004), and 1.72 (1.09–2.73, P = 0.0208), respectively. The risks of ischemic events (aHR: 2.80, 95% CI: 1.75–4.49, P < 0.0001), cardiac death (aHR: 4.10, 95% CI: 2.18–7.70, P < 0.0001), and all-cause death (aHR: 3.00, 95% CI, 1.73–5.19, P < 0.0001) were significantly greater in patients with both RIR and RCR (highest hsCRP and RC tertile) than in patients with neither RIR nor RCR (lowest hsCRP and RC tertile). Notably, the RIR and RCR was associated with an increased risk of ischemic events especially in patients with adequate low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) control (LDL-C < 70 mg/dl) (Pinteraction=0.04). Furthermore, the RIR and RCR provide more accurate evaluations of risk in addition to the GRACE score in these patients [areas under the curve (AUC) for ischemic events: 0.64 vs. 0.66, P = 0.003]. Conclusion: Among ACS patients receiving contemporary statin treatment who underwent PCI, high risks of both residual inflammation and cholesterol, as assessed by hsCRP and RC, were strongly associated with increased risks of ischemic events, cardiac death, and all-cause death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In rotator cuff repair, the long head of the biceps tendon (LHB) is commonly used as graft material. However, factors influencing LHB tear severity are poorly understood, and predicting grade II LHB tears is challenging. This study aimed to identify these factors preoperatively. Methods: The demographics, medical parameters, and pain severity of 750 patients who underwent arthroscopic surgery from January 2010 to February 2021 were evaluated to determine the factors associated with LHB tear severity and grade II tears. Both overall and large-to-massive rotator cuff tear (RCT) cohorts underwent ordinal and binary logistic regression analyses. Predictive accuracy for grade II LHB tears was determined using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results: In the overall cohort, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) >1 mg/L (P<0.001), subscapularis tear (P<0.001), hypothyroidism (P=0.031), and the tangent sign (P=0.003) were significantly associated with LHB tear severity, and hs-CRP>1 mg/L, subscapularis tear, and Patte retraction degree were significantly associated with grade II LHB tears (P<0.001). In the large-to-massive RCT cohort, hs-CRP>1 mg/L, hypertension, and age ≥50 years (P<0.05) were significantly associated with LHB tear severity, and hs-CRP>1 mg/L (P<0.001) and hypertension (P=0.026) were significantly associated with grade II LHB tears. In both cohorts, hs-CRP >1 mg/L demonstrated good predictive accuracy for grade II LHB tears (AUCs: 0.72 and 0.70). Conclusions: Serum hs-CRP >1 mg/L is associated with LHB tear severity and serves as a reliable predictor of grade II LHB tears, facilitating preoperative assessment of the LHB as potential graft material in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Level of Evidence: III [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a study conducted in China that examined the combined effects of lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) on the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular death in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The study found that elevated levels of both Lp(a) and Hs-CRP significantly increased the risk of cardiovascular death in AMI patients. The study emphasizes the importance of considering the combined effects of these biomarkers in managing AMI patients. Additionally, the article provides references to other scientific studies that explore the relationship between Lp(a), CRP, and cardiovascular risk in different patient populations. [Extracted from the article]

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is associated with many diseases, especially cardiovascular disease (CVD). Research into the independent and integrated relationships of physical activity and diet quality with hs-CRP across sex-specific cohorts is lacking. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (2015–2018) was used to examine the relationship between physical activity and diet quality with hs-CRP and hs-CRP classified CVD risk using multiple multinormal logistic regression adjusted for covariates including demographics. Physical activity was measured using a self-reported survey and further categorized to those who met (MPAR) or did not meet (NPAR) national recommendations. Diet quality was measured using the Healthy Eating Index-2015, and further categorized to higher (HDQ) and lower (LDQ) diet quality. hs-CRP was also categorized as low, average, and high CVD risk using established cut-points. Physical activity was inversely related to hs-CRP in males (p < 0.001) whereas diet quality was inversely related to hs-CRP in females (p = 0.031). Compared to those with NPAR and LDQ, the hs-CRP for males with NPAR and HDQ and females with MPAR and HDQ was 1.18 mg/L and 0.75 mg/L lower respectively. Although, diet quality was inversely associated with high CVD risk in both sexes (p < 0.05), the lowest proportion of high and average CVD risk was observed in males and females with MPAR and HDQ. Physical activity and diet-quality lowered CVD risk regardless of sex. However, the independent effects of physical activity and diet quality on hs-CPR differs between sexes. • Association between hs-CRP and many diseases. • Limited studies with mixed results in examining lifestyle factors and hs-CRP. • Needs to examine sex-specific relationship between physical activity and hs-CRP. • Needs to examine sex-specific relationship between diet quality and hs-CRP. • Findings on sex-specific hs-CRP corresponding to physical activity and diet quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aim: The pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in hemodialysis (HD) patients involves inflammation and oxidative stress. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is an established inflammatory biomarker associated with CVD. Several studies have suggested that the inflammatory biomarker pentraxin-3 (PTX- 3) and the oxidative stress-related biomarker soluble lectinlike low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (sLOX-1) are novel biomarkers for CVD in non-HD populations. This study aimed to clarify the association of these established and novel biomarkers with future cardiovascular (CV) events in HD patients. Patients and Methods: This was a single-center prospective cohort study that included 255 HD patients. The primary outcome was the composite of nonfatal and fatal CV events. The event-free survival rate between the two groups according to the median plasma level of each biomarker at baseline was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The risk for CV events at elevated levels of each biomarker was estimated using Cox proportional hazard model. Results: We observed 44 CV events during the median follow-up period of 743 days. The event-free survival rate significantly differed between the two groups in hs-CRP but not in PTX-3 or sLOX- 1. The unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) for CV events in patients with hs-CRP levels above the median was 2.63 [95% confidence interval (CI)=1.37-5.02]. The HR remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, history of CVD, and diabetes (HR=2.30; 95%CI=1.20-4.43). Conclusion: In HD patients, hs-CRP may have a predictable role for future CV events, whereas PTX-3 and sLOX-1 do not.r [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aim: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is a sensitive measure of low-grade inflammation and appears superior to conventional blood tests in assessing cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this investigation was to explore the link between high-sensitivity CRP and depressive symptoms among adults. Methods and results: Multiple logistic regression and smoothed curve fitting were used to investigate the association between hs-CRP and depressive symptoms based on data from the, 2017-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Subgroup analyses and interaction tests were used to assess the stability of this relationship across populations. The study comprised 6,293 non-clinical participants, which included 549 individuals with depressive symptoms. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was found to increase with increasing levels of hs-CRP. This trend persisted even after quartetting hs-CRP levels. In the fully adjusted model, each unit increase in hs- CRP was associated with a 10% increase in the odds of depressive symptoms (OR=1.10,95%CI:1.01-1.21). Participants in the highest quartile of hs-CRP had a 39% higher prevalence of depressive symptoms compared to those in the lowest quartile (OR=1.39,95%CI:1.01-1.92). Additionally, this positive correlation was more pronounced in men. Conclusions: In adult Americans, there exists a positive association between elevated hs-CRP levels and depressive symptoms, with a more prominent manifestation of this association observed in males. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Several epidemiological studies have linked lead (Pb) exposure to induced oxidative stress and the promotion of inflammatory response. We performed a within-subjects study (repeated measures study) to evaluate the relationship between the concentration of blood lead (B-Pb) and toenail lead (T-Pb) and circulating markers of inflammation. Methods: We evaluated the associations between B-Pb concentrations and T-Pb concentrations and circulating markers of inflammation, soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (s-ICAM-1), soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 (s-VCAM-1), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) on 158 traffic enforcers from the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) traffic enforcer's health study. Linear mixed-effects models with random subject-specific intercepts were fitted to estimate the association between B-Pb and T-Pb exposure and circulating markers of inflammation, adjusting for confounding factors. Results: Traffic enforcers were middle-aged men (89.4%) with a mean age (± SD) of 37.1 years ± 8.9 years and had a total of 293 valid markers of inflammation measurements. B-Pb concentration was related to increased hs-CRP levels. A 10% increase in B-Pb was associated with a 5.7% increase in hs-CRP level [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.3–10.1]. However, B-Pb was not associated with s-ICAM-1 and s-VCAM-1. Furthermore, no associations were observed between T-Pb and all the circulating markers of inflammation. Conclusions: Low-level B-Pb may increase hs-CRP among traffic enforcers. Moreover, the study suggests that Pb via the oxidative and inflammation pathways may have an essential role in the development of cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, MMDA and the Department of Labor and Employment can use our study's findings as evidence to conduct routine screening of blood heavy metals, especially Pb, among MMDA and other traffic enforcers as part of their yearly medical examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Earlier studies showed a negative correlation between life's simple 7 (LS7) and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), but no association has been found between life's essential 8 (LE8), an improved version of LS7, and hs‐CRP. Hypothesis: This study investigated the association between LE8 and hs‐CRP utilizing data from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey. Methods: A total of 7229 adults were incorporated in our study. LE8 was scored according to American Heart Association guidelines, and LE8 was divided into health behaviors and health factors. Serum samples of the participants were used to measure hs‐CRP. To investigate the association between LE8 and hs‐CRP, weighted linear regression, and restricted cubic spline were utilized. Results: Among 7229 participants, the average age was 48.03 ± 16.88 years, 3689 (51.2%) were females and the median hs‐CRP was 1.92 (0.81−4.49) mg/L. In adjusted weighted linear regression, a negative correlation was observed between the LE8 score and hs‐CRP. Compared with the low LE8 score, the moderate LE8 score β was −0.533 (−0.646 to −0.420), and the high LE8 score β was −1.237 (−1.376 to −1.097). Health behaviors and health factors were also negatively associated with hs‐CRP. In stratified analyses, the negative correlation between LE8 and hs‐CRP remained consistent across subgroups. Conclusion: There was a negative correlation between LE8 as well as its sub‐indicator scores and hs‐CRP. Maintaining a positive LE8 score may be conducive to lowering the level of hs‐CRP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the relationship between inflammatory markers and vitamin D deficiency in individuals with dyslipidemia. The study compared levels of inflammatory markers and vitamin D in individuals with and without dyslipidemia. The findings revealed that those with dyslipidemia had higher levels of inflammatory markers and lower levels of vitamin D compared to the control group. The study suggests that low levels of vitamin D may contribute to an increased inflammatory response. However, further research with a larger sample size is needed to fully comprehend the role of vitamin D in cardiovascular diseases and inflammation. [Extracted from the article]

Aim. To study the effect of extended-release (XR) metformin on humoral cardiometabolic markers and lipid peroxidation parameters in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), prediabetes and abdominal obesity (AO).Material and methods. The study included 64 people (men – 50%, median age – 58 [55,25; 59,75] years) with HFpEF, prediabetes and AO. All patients (groups A and B) received optimal therapy for HFpEF. In group A (n=32), metformin XR 1000-1500 mg/day was additionally prescribed. A general clinical examination was carried out, determining the level of soluble interleukin 33 receptor (sST2), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), the initial level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and their resistance to oxidation with copper ions initially and after 6 months.Results. In group A, a decrease in NT-proBNP by 3,7% (p

BackgroundAfter the introduction of antiretroviral therapy, the care given to people living with HIV has become complicated by the appearance of comorbidities as a result of HIV and HAART toxicities, in which cardiovascular disease got the most attention. So, this study aimed to assess serum uric acid and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels among people living with HIV on dolutegravir (DTG) and ritonavir-boosted atazanavir (ATV/r)-based therapy.MethodsAn institutional-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from November 4, 2021, to January 4, 2022. An equal number of dolutegravir- and ritonavir-boosted atazanavir-treated patients (n = 86 each) were enrolled. A consecutive sampling method was used to select participants. Data were entered into Epidata version 4.6, exported to SPSS version 25.0, and analyzed using Chi-square, Student’s t-test, Mann–Whitney U-test, and logistic regression. Statistical significance was set at p

Abstract In recent years, the association between neuroinflammatory markers and dementia, especially Alzheimer’s disease (AD), has attracted much attention. However, the evidence for the relationship between serum-hs-CRP and dementia including AD are inconsistent. Therefore, the relationships of serum high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) with dementia including AD and with regions of interest of brain MRI were investigated. A total of 11,957 community residents aged 65 years or older were recruited in eight sites in Japan (JPSC-AD Study). After applying exclusion criteria, 10,085 participants who underwent blood tests and health-related examinations were analyzed. Then, serum hs-CRP levels were classified according to clinical cutoff values, and odds ratios for the presence of all-cause dementia and its subtypes were calculated for each serum hs-CRP level. In addition, the association between serum hs-CRP and brain volume regions of interest was also examined using analysis of covariance with data from 8614 individuals in the same cohort who underwent brain MRI. After multivariable adjustment, the odds ratios (ORs) for all-cause dementia were 1.04 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.76–1.43), 1.68 (95%CI 1.08–2.61), and 1.51 (95%CI 1.08–2.11) for 1.0–1.9 mg/L, 2.0–2.9 mg/L, and ≥ 3.0 mg/L, respectively, compared to