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The inheritance of the height of barley plants was studied in the system of diallel crossing (66) in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga in contrasting hydrothermal conditions. An analysis of combinational ability according to B. Griffing and genetic analysis according to B. Hayman showed the predominance of additive effects in the control of the trait (inheritance by type of complete and incomplete dominance). The trait should be responsive to selection, which is confirmed by the heritability coefficients: in the broad sense (H2), 0.85-0.90 in the narrow sense (h2) 0.52-0.62. Dominant genes increased the height of plants. The presence of complementary epistasis increases the likelihood of negative transgressions, increasing the success of breeding to reduce plant height. None of the varieties of the diallel complex possessed all recessive alleles that reduced the trait. Varieties Anna and Omsky Golozyorny 1, with dominant alleles, will increase the height of plants in the offspring. These varieties should be used in combination with shorter parents. Varieties Condor and Margret have a higher number of recessive alleles and can be considered as donors of height reduction. Promising for selection hybrid populations have been identified., Volga Region Farmland, Выпуск 1 (5) 2020

Исследования проводили для выявления генетического контроля показателей выхода зерна (Кхоз) в почвенноклиматических условиях лесостепи Среднего Поволжья. В системе диаллельных скрещиваний (6*6) в контрастные по гидротермическому режиму годы (2009-2010 гг.) изучали генетический контроль нескольких показателей Кхоз (индекс урожая, уборочный индекс) у ячменя: отношение массы зерна с растения к массе растения (КХР), отношение массы зерна с главного побега к массе побега (КХП), отношение массы зерна с колоса к массе главного колоса (КХК). На проявление систем генетического контроля всех изученных показателей оказывали влияние условия года исследований. Признак КХР контролируется с участием доминантных и аддитивных эффектов, в засушливый год имеет место комплементарный эпистаз и ненаправленное доминирование. Коэффициент наследуемости КХР в широком смысле - 0,70.0,82, в узком - 0,47.0,51. Наследование КХП осуществляется согласно аддитивно-доминантной модели, доминирование в F1 неполное, в F2 - полное, ненаправленное. Коэффициент наследуемости КХП в широком смысле - 0,79.0,88, в узком - 0,44.0,57. Признак КХК наследуется по аддитивнодоминантному типу с проявлением в засушливом 2010 г. эпистатических эффектов; доминирование неполное, признак увеличивают доминантные гены. Коэффициент наследуемости КХК в широком смысле - 0,88.0,95, в узком - 0,51.0,66. Селекция на увеличение признаков Кхоз может быть успешной, но отбор следует начинать в более поздних поколениях. Донорами для селекции на увеличение КХП и КХР могут быть сорта Анна (Оренбургская область) и Нутанс 553 (Саратовская область). Сорт Анна рекомендуем в качестве донора на увеличение КХР в засушливых условиях.

Volume of Theses - 43 pages, 18 tables and 9 pictures presented. 47 literature sources used. Aim of the Theses – Research genetical and non-genetical factor impact on fat and protein proportions in cow’s milk. Tasks of the Theses: • Evaluate spread of subclinical ketosis in Lithuanian dairy herds by the one of ketosis indexes – ratio of milk fat and protein; • Determine impact of non-genetical factors to milk fat and protein ratio variability and model of elimination of non-genetical parameters; • Evaluate impact of genetical factors and determine heredity coefficient. Research was carried out in SE “Pieno Tyrimai”, JSC “Gyvulių Produktyvumo Kontrolė”, Lithuanian University of Health Science Department of Animal Breeding and Feeding Laboratory of Research of Animal Breed Value and Selection, dairy farms etc. During the research a total of 7018 cows were tested. Data were evaluated by using SPSS-20 statistical package. For the data analysis evaluation was carried out on written indicators of statistics. Data were considered reliable when p≤0,05. According to literature analysis and carried out research it was determined: 1) Most of the countries implement cow ketosis genetical evaluation and reduction measures; 2) During the research 16,7 percent of cows were suspected of having ketosis according to one of its indicators – milk fat and protein ratio; 3) The highest spread of ketosis was determined during spring season and in the summer (varied from 20,7 to 25,8 percent of all tested cows); 4) The highest frequency of ketosis was determined to first lactation cows (17,1 percent) – and was higher than second lactation cows by 0,6 percent and 0,4 higher than third lactation and older lactating cows; 5) During the 3rd – 5th months of lactation higher than average spread of ketosis was determined in recorded herds (20,7-24,4 percent); 6) Correlation analysis has shown that the higher the ratio of cow milk fat and protein the lower is milk yield (p=0,05) and grows milk somatic cell count (p=0,001) and also risk of mastitis; 7) After evaluating spread of ketosis among black and white, red and red and white breed groups it was determined that frequency of ketosis according to breed groups was 2,3 percent (p=0,023) higher in black and white cattle population; 8) Using univariational models’ heritability coefficients were determined and were fluctuating from 0,093 to 0,241 and confirmed research trait dependence to genetical factors.

The estimation of genetic parameters, especially in early generations, is very useful for directing the selection process in breeding programs. The present research was undertaken to estimate heritabilities in the broad sense, narrow sense and using parent-offspring regression in F3 soybean populations from six two-way crosses, originated from the Soybean Breeding Program of Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (UNESP), Jaboticabal campus. It was used the family design with common checks located ten plots apart. It was observed highly significant differences among families. The experimental coefficient of variation (CVe), the CVg/CVe ratio and the heritability showed wide variation among traits, being the highest values found for number of pods, number of seeds and grain yield, making evident the existence of variance to be exploited by breeding. The estimation of the heritability coefficients in the broad sense, narrow sense and by regression were close in most of the situations, showing that the largest part of genetic variance is of additive nature, in which simple selection methods can lead to satisfactory genetic gains.A estimativa de parâmetros genéticos, especialmente em gerações precoces, é muito útil para direcionar o processo de seleção em programas de melhoramento. Assim, este estudo objetivou estimar as herdabilidades nos sentidos amplo e restrito, bem como, pela regressão pai-filho em populações F3 de soja oriundas de seis cruzamentos biparentais pertencentes ao Programa de Melhoramento de Soja da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (UNESP) - campus de Jaboticabal. O delineamento utilizado foi o de famílias com testemunhas intercaladas a cada dez parcelas. Foram observadas diferenças altamente significativas entre as famílias. O coeficiente de variação experimental (CVe), a relação CVg/CVe e a herdabilidade foram de ampla variação entre os caracteres avaliados, sendo os maiores valores obtidos para número de vagens, número de sementes e produtividade de grãos, evidenciando a existência de variabilidade a ser explorada pelo melhoramento. As estimativas dos coeficientes de herdabilidade no sentido amplo, restrito e pela regressão foram próximas, na maioria das situações, indicando ser a maior parte da variância genética de natureza aditiva cujos métodos simples de seleção podem levar a ganhos satisfatórios.

In my bachelor paper, I describe some of the genetically determined diseases of the musculoskeletal system of dogs. These orthopedic diseases include hip and elbow dysplasia, Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease and patellar luxation. They represent a significant risk in breeding practise. They are influenced by genetic and environmental factors (size and body weight, nutrition, etc.). Each of these diseases are painful for dogs. These diseases are inherited polygenic. Expression of the trait is controlled by multiple genes. Heritability coefficient is in the low to medium values, but for hip dysplasia can be up to 0,8. Breeder of affected animals can choose between conservative or surgical treatment. Because these are hereditary diseases, should be given the attention to selective programs.

Low heritability of pig litter size traits at birth (number of live born piglets - LBP and total born piglets - TBP) and weaning (number of reared piglets - RP) is one of the major problems in their genetic improvement. The effect of selection is directly proportional to trait heritability and inversely proportional to the duration of generation interval. Objective of this study was to establish presence of difference in regard to heritability coefficient values of observed traits, as well as their accuracy depending on the size of data used in the analysis. Heritability coefficients in this study were calculated based on fertility results obtained for Swedish Landrace sows on three pig farms (farms 1, 2 and 3) in the Republic of Serbia. Observed traits - LBP, TBP and RP on farms 1, 2 and 3 were analyzed in the first (2422, 1677 and 2015 litters), in the first two (4190, 2897 and 3377 litters), in the first three (5576, 3809 and 4425 litters) and all available parities (9538, 6340 and 7750 litters) by applying the adequate mixed model of the Least square method. Heritability of LBP calculated based on fertility realized in the first partus ranged from 5.6 to 16.4 %, TBP ranged from 7.0 to 16.8 % and RP ranged from 3.4 to 7.7 %. Introduction into the analysis of the results pertaining to the second, third and subsequent parities lead mainly to detection of lower values of heritability coefficients for observed traits. U ovom radu rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da su koeficijenti heritabiliteta BŽP izračunati na osnovu plodnosti ostvarene u prvom prašenju bili u intervalu od 5,6 do 16,4 %, BUP u intervalu od 7,0 do 16,8 % i BOP u intervalu od 3,4 do 7,7 %. Uvođenje u analizu rezultata plodnosti drugog, trećeg i svih ostalih prašenja dovelo je uglavnom do utvrđivanja nižih vrednosti koeficijenata heritabiliteta posmatranih osobina.

The estimation of genetic parameters, especially in early generations, is very useful for directing the selection process in breeding programs. The present research was undertaken to estimate heritabilities in the broad sense, narrow sense and using parent-offspring regression in F3 soybean populations from six two-way crosses, originated from the Soybean Breeding Program of Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (UNESP), Jaboticabal campus. It was used the family design with common checks located ten plots apart. It was observed highly significant differences among families. The experimental coefficient of variation (CVe), the CVg/CVe ratio and the heritability showed wide variation among traits, being the highest values found for number of pods, number of seeds and grain yield, making evident the existence of variance to be exploited by breeding. The estimation of the heritability coefficients in the broad sense, narrow sense and by regression were close in most of the situations, showing that the largest part of genetic variance is of additive nature, in which simple selection methods can lead to satisfactory genetic gains. A estimativa de parâmetros genéticos, especialmente em gerações precoces, é muito útil para direcionar o processo de seleção em programas de melhoramento. Assim, este estudo objetivou estimar as herdabilidades nos sentidos amplo e restrito, bem como, pela regressão pai-filho em populações F3 de soja oriundas de seis cruzamentos biparentais pertencentes ao Programa de Melhoramento de Soja da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (UNESP) - campus de Jaboticabal. O delineamento utilizado foi o de famílias com testemunhas intercaladas a cada dez parcelas. Foram observadas diferenças altamente significativas entre as famílias. O coeficiente de variação experimental (CVe), a relação CVg/CVe e a herdabilidade foram de ampla variação entre os caracteres avaliados, sendo os maiores valores obtidos para número de vagens, número de sementes e produtividade de grãos, evidenciando a existência de variabilidade a ser explorada pelo melhoramento. As estimativas dos coeficientes de herdabilidade no sentido amplo, restrito e pela regressão foram próximas, na maioria das situações, indicando ser a maior parte da variância genética de natureza aditiva cujos métodos simples de seleção podem levar a ganhos satisfatórios.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:51:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0006-87052008000100012.pdf: 348562 bytes, checksum: 5ac5851417a638e89d60fc4385794d14 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:51:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0006-87052008000100012.pdf: 348562 bytes, checksum: 5ac5851417a638e89d60fc4385794d14 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-01-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T17:58:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0006-87052008000100012.pdf: 348562 bytes, checksum: 5ac5851417a638e89d60fc4385794d14 (MD5) S0006-87052008000100012.pdf.txt: 30258 bytes, checksum: dc21719eb43265c3f48afcfb2121e601 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-01-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:16:58Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0006-87052008000100012.pdf: 348562 bytes, checksum: 5ac5851417a638e89d60fc4385794d14 (MD5) S0006-87052008000100012.pdf.txt: 30258 bytes, checksum: dc21719eb43265c3f48afcfb2121e601 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:16:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0006-87052008000100012.pdf: 348562 bytes, checksum: 5ac5851417a638e89d60fc4385794d14 (MD5) S0006-87052008000100012.pdf.txt: 30258 bytes, checksum: dc21719eb43265c3f48afcfb2121e601 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-01-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) A estimativa de parâmetros genéticos, especialmente em gerações precoces, é muito útil para direcionar o processo de seleção em programas de melhoramento. Assim, este estudo objetivou estimar as herdabilidades nos sentidos amplo e restrito, bem como, pela regressão pai-filho em populações F3 de soja oriundas de seis cruzamentos biparentais pertencentes ao Programa de Melhoramento de Soja da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (UNESP) - campus de Jaboticabal. O delineamento utilizado foi o de famílias com testemunhas intercaladas a cada dez parcelas. Foram observadas diferenças altamente significativas entre as famílias. O coeficiente de variação experimental (CVe), a relação CVg/CVe e a herdabilidade foram de ampla variação entre os caracteres avaliados, sendo os maiores valores obtidos para número de vagens, número de sementes e produtividade de grãos, evidenciando a existência de variabilidade a ser explorada pelo melhoramento. As estimativas dos coeficientes de herdabilidade no sentido amplo, restrito e pela regressão foram próximas, na maioria das situações, indicando ser a maior parte da variância genética de natureza aditiva cujos métodos simples de seleção podem levar a ganhos satisfatórios. The estimation of genetic parameters, especially in early generations, is very useful for directing the selection process in breeding programs. The present research was undertaken to estimate heritabilities in the broad sense, narrow sense and using parent-offspring regression in F3 soybean populations from six two-way crosses, originated from the Soybean Breeding Program of Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (UNESP), Jaboticabal campus. It was used the family design with common checks located ten plots apart. It was observed highly significant differences among families. The experimental coefficient of variation (CVe), the CVg/CVe ratio and the heritability showed wide variation among traits, being the highest values found for number of pods, number of seeds and grain yield, making evident the existence of variance to be exploited by breeding. The estimation of the heritability coefficients in the broad sense, narrow sense and by regression were close in most of the situations, showing that the largest part of genetic variance is of additive nature, in which simple selection methods can lead to satisfactory genetic gains. UNESP Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas) UNESP Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Produção Vegetal APTA Regional Centro-Leste Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) Algodão APTA Regional Alta Mogiana UNESP Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas) UNESP Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Produção Vegetal