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Twenty tomato genotypes were studied under the Lucknow condition of Uttar Pradesh. This was carried out at the Horticulture Research Farm of the Department of Horticulture, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, during the Rabi season of the year 2021-2022. After the experimentation for various characters, the data were compiled and analysed according to the design of the experiment (randomized block design). The data was recorded for nineteen different characters to study genetic variability, heritability, correlation coefficient, and path analysis in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) among 20 tomato genotypes. Highly significant differences for all the characters indicated the presence of a substantial amount of genetic variability. The highest genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variance (PCV) were observed for plant height, followed by fruit weight and the number of fruits per plant, indicating that these characteristics could be used as selection for crop improvement. The variance components were used to calculate the heritability (BS) for each of the features in order to estimate the relative magnitudes of genotypic and phenotypic variability provided by environmental variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An investigation was carried out with 101 finger millet genotypes for assessment of genetic variability and heritability in four environments during Kharif 2021. Variation due to genotypes for all the traits under study was found significant suggesting high amount of variability among different genotypes for different traits providing ample scope for selection and further evaluation as well as improvement in the seed yield and its component traits. Grain yield per plant (g) had moderate heritability estimates along with high genetic advance expressed as per cent of mean which implied that the character is controlled by genes having additive nature. High heritability combined with high genetic advance expressed as per cent of mean was noted for the characters viz., main ear head length, finger length, 1000-seed weight, protein content, calcium content, iron content and zinc content. Simple selection for such characters would be rewarding.

Genetic variability of growth, wood density and fibre characters was determined in twenty second-generation clones of Acacia auriculiformis grown at IFGTB- Field Research Station, Neyvli, Tamil Nadu, India. Total volume revealed high phenotypic (29.10 %) and genotypic coefficient of variation (31.30%). Moderate PCV and GCV values were observed for height, fibre lumen diameter, Runkel ratio, slenderness ratio and wood density. The volume and fibre lumen diameter had high heritability 86 and 76 per cent, respectively. Fibre length, Runkel ratio, slenderness ratio and rigidity coefficient showed high heritability coupled with high to moderate genetic advance. Twenty clones was formed into four clusters by D2 analysis. Maximum inter-cluster distance was recorded between cluster II and cluster IV (7.396) and minimum inter-cluster distance was recorded between clusters II and IV (3.364). Higher intra-cluster values were observed in clusters I (4.171) and lower values in cluster III (3.179). Selection of clones based on clusters provides an opportunity for further improvement of growth and wood quality.

This study was conducted to determine the PCV and GCV, heritability (bs) and genetic gain in lodging resistance and lodging-related traits among selected high yielding rice varieties of Kerala. Results revealed the presence of large genotypic differences in yield, lodging and related traits and difference between PCV and GCV among all the selected genotypes. Both PCV and GCV were highest for seed yield per plant followed by panicle weight and tillers plant-1. Heritability was high and ranged from (99.81 %) potassium content to (91.43 %) panicle weight. The genetic advance as per cent of mean estimates was high for all the traits and highest for lodging per cent (84.83 %). The high estimates of genetic advance indicating that, the selection for characters viz., internodal length, culm wall thickness, lodging perc ent, seed yield per plant, silicon and potassium content will be effective for further improving overall lodging resistance.

Variability studies were carried out in the present study for eight quantitative traits such as days to first flowering, plant height, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per cluster, total number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight and single plant yield. Significant variability did exist among F2 of two crosses for all the eight quantitative characters recorded. The variation was recorded to be the highest for plant height followed by number of pods per plant. Highest GCV and PCV estimates were observed for number of pods per plant in all the three crosses. Hence direct selection based on these traits would be effective. Based on heritability and genetic advance, most of the traits except plant height and single plant yield recorded high heritability coupled with low genetic advance in all these crosses. These findings revealed presence of dominance and epitasis gene effect and the selection based on these traits may not be rewarding.

Indo-Birmanian is considered as the domesticated region and primary center of eggplant diversity from where it spread to other secondary centers of diversity. In this study, the genetic diversity among 56 eggplant genotypes from three secondary centers of diversity (Bangladesh, Malaysia and Thailand) was assessed using 11 morphological traits. The experiment was laid in a complete randomized block design with three replications. A wide significant variation was observed for all the morphological traits, and highly significant differences among the three centers of diversity. High heritability and genetic advance was found for different traits i.e. fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit girth, fruit length to width ratio, average fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, fruit yield per plant, plant height and number of primary branches per plant. The selected best traits i.e. number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight and fruit yield per plant showed high heritability along with high genetic advance and less environmental influence but the high value of PCV and GCV. So these traits could be useful for selection criteria in the future breeding program. These results are relevant for evolutionary studies, breeding programs, and management of eggplant genetic resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss) is the major oilseed crop of India ranking first both in acreage and production of rapeseed and mustard in Asia. Among abiotic stresses, drought condition may cause the most fatal economic losses in agriculture due to their wide range occurrence. Present investigation was undertaken with the objective to study RB 50 × Kranti F2:3 population under irrigated and drought environments for phenotypic and genetic variability, broad-sense heritability, and interrelationships among agronomic and seed quality traits to select Indian mustard genotypes for drought tolerance in research area of oilseed section. The study was carried out at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during rabi 2014-15. Higher mean values for agronomic traits were observed under irrigated than drought environment. Phenotypic correlation coefficient analysis of F2:3 populations under irrigated conditions was calculated to assess the association between various traits. Fifty three promising plants with higher seed yield as well as better physiological traits having greater drought tolerance were selected, which may be useful material for further studies and cultivar development for drought tolerance.

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Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance were estimated for various floral and grain quality traits in 22 genotypes of rice. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design with two replications during at Vanavarayar Institute of Agriculture, Pollachi during 2014-15. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among the genotypes studied for all the floral and grain quality traits. The phenotypic coefficients of variations were higher than those of genotypic coefficients of variations, which indicate the influence of environment for expression of the characters. The genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variations (PCV and GCV) was maximum for stigma exsertion and minimum for hulling per cent. Floral traits anther length, anther breadth, number of pollen grains per anther, panicle exsertion, stigma length, stigma breadth, stigma exsertion and style length and grain quality traits like kernel length, kernel breadth, kernel length/ breadth ratio, kernel length after cooking, kernel breadth after cooking and volume expansion ratio exhibited higher magnitude of broad sense heritability accompanied with high genetic advance as per cent of mean, indicating the predominance of additive gene action governing these traits and genetic improvement for these traits is possible by using simple selection techniques.

A study was conducted in 30 genotypes of sesame to analyze the genetic variability, correlation and path coefficient analysis of yield and yield attributing characters. The experiment was carried out at Plant Breeding Farm, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India during March to May, 2016. Analysis of varianc indicated the existence of significant genotypic differences among the genotypes. Considering genetic parameters high GCV and PCV was observed for number of branches per plant. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for plant height at maturity, number of branches per plant, number of capsules per plant, length of the capsule, number of seeds per capsule, 1000 seed weight and seed yield per plant indicating the influence of additive and non-additive gene action, as such simple selection would likely to be effective for improvement of these traits. Seed yield per plant showed positive association with number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, number of branches per plant and 1000 seed weight. Path analysis revealed that the traits plant height at maturity, number of capsules per plant and number seeds per capsule were directly influencing the seed yield per plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance were estimated for various floral and grain quality traits in 22 genotypes of rice. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design with two replications during at Vanavarayar Institute of Agriculture, Pollachi during 2014-15. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among the genotypes studied for all the floral and grain quality traits. The phenotypic coefficients of variations were higher than those of genotypic coefficients of variations, which indicate the influence of environment for expression of the characters. The genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variations (PCV and GCV) was maximum for stigma exsertion and minimum for hulling per cent. Floral traits anther length, anther breadth, number of pollen grains per anther, panicle exsertion, stigma length, stigma breadth, stigma exsertion and style length and grain quality traits like kernel length, kernel breadth, kernel length/ breadth ratio, kernel length after cooking, kernel breadth after cooking and volume expansion ratio exhibited higher magnitude of broad sense heritability accompanied with high genetic advance as per cent of mean, indicating the predominance of additive gene action governing these traits and genetic improvement for these traits is possible by using simple selection techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To estimate genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance a study was conducted on 10 diverse parents (3 CMS lines and 7advance breeding lines) and 21 hybrids of rice. The results obtained from present investigation showed that adequate variabilityamong the parents and crosses for agro-morpho-physiological components. The magnitude of difference between PCV and GCVobserved was relatively low for all the characters viz., days to 50 % flowering, flag leaf length, flag leaf width, flag leaf area,plant height, pollen fertility, sterile spikelets per panicle, fertile spikelets per panicle, spikelets per panicle, spikelets fertility,panicle length, grain yield per plant, test weight and head rice recovery, indicating less environmental influence. All thecharacters exhibited high broad sense heritability. The high heritability along with high genetic advance were registered as percent of mean for grain yield per plant, pollen fertility (%), sterile spikelets per panicle, fertile spikelets per panicle, spikeletsfertility (%), head rice recovery (%), 1000 seed weight, spikelets per panicle. Therefore, the improvement of these traits throughselection is the most important way to achieve the genetic gain generation after generation. High heritability coupled with highgenetic advance indicates the preponderance of additive gene action and such characters could be improved through selection.

Thirteen diverse wheat lines were crossed with three well adapted varieties as testers in a line X tester design. Thirty-nine F1’s and 16 parental lines were evaluated in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. Observations were recorded on ten quantitative traits viz. days to heading, days to maturity, plant height, tillers per plant, spike length, grains per ear, 1000-grain weight, biological yield per plant, grain yield per plant and harvest index. Sufficient genetic variability was observed for all ten characters studied. All the characters exhibited high heritability except plant height and grains per ear. Biological yield per plant, tillers per plant and grain yield per plant had high heritability coupled with high genetic advance thereby indicating that selection for these characters would be effective.

Thirty eight rice genotypes were evaluated at Field Experimentation Centre, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding,Allahabad School of Agriculture, SHIATS, Allahabad in Randomized block design with three replications during kharif-2009.The experiment was conducted to study the 12 quantitative traits to examine the nature and magnitude of variability, heritabilityand genetic advance. The mean sum of square for all the 12 characters were significant indicating the presence of substantialamount of variability. High estimates of heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed forharvest index (99.66, 78.57) followed by number of spikelets per panicle (99.66, 69.05), number of panicles per hill (99.61,53.56) and number of tillers per hill (99.81, 51.68). High estimates of heritability coupled with moderate genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for flag leaf width (65.17, 20.33) followed by days to 50% flowering (99.30, 22.54), panicle length(97.30, 31.32) and biological yield per hill (99.97, 34.59).

Genetic variability was studied for eighteen quantitative characters and five qualitative characters in forty genotypes of early cauliflower. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters except for days to curd initiation, days to curd maturity and curd depth. The genotypes viz., PCF-95, PCF-106, Inb-9-5 and Inb-10-1 were found promising as they had more than one desirable quantitative and qualitative traits. PCF-95 had maximum curd yield per hectare (271.87 q) while PCF-101 exhibited earliest harvestable curd maturity (115.33 days). Good level of phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation (PCV and GCV), broad sense heritability and genetic advance as per cent of mean were observed for characters like net curd weight, marketable curd weight, curd yield per hectare, harvest index and gross plant weight. However, lowest coefficient of variation, heritability and genetic advance were observed for days to curd initiation and days to curd maturity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L.) extent of variability was assessed in eighty four genotypes using augmented design. The analysis of variance indicated presence of considerable amount of variability. Genetic coefficient of variation (GCV) was high for plant height, seed yield plant-1, length of internodes, and number of secondary branches, test weight, number of umbels plant-1 and number of seeds umbel-1. High heritability and genetic advance was found for number of seed umbel-1, number of secondary branches and seed yield plant-1. Hence, in ajwain ample amount of variability exists for the important component traits like number of secondary branches, harvest index, number of seed umbel-1 and number of umbellate umbel-1 thus the scope of improving the crop by selection in the available variability is high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A field experiment was conducted during kharif season 2012 to evaluate 55 (10 parents and 45 hybrids) of pearl millet to estimate genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance of twelve quantitative characters. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant difference among genotypes for all the characters indicated that considerable amount of genetic variability was present in the experimental material which can be exploited for improvement of grain yield in pearl millet. Genotypic and phenotypic variances were recorded highest for biological yield per plant followed by dry fodder yield per plant and lowest for productive tillers per plant. High GCV and PCV were recorded for dry fodder yield per plant followed by biological yield per plant. Whereas, low for days to maturity. High estimates of heritability along with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was recorded for dry fodder yield per plant, productive tillers per plant and harvest index which indicated major role of additive gene action in the expression of these characters while high heritability along with moderate genetic advance as per cent of mean was recorded for grain yield per plant, plant height, panicle length and panicle girth which indicated these characters was mainly governed by non additive gene action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A field experiment was conducted during kharif season 2013 to evaluate 72 genotypes of cowpea to estimate genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance of ten quantitative characters. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant difference among genotypes for all the characters indicated that considerable amount of genetic variability was present in the experimental material which can be exploited for improvement of seed yield in cowpea. Genotypic and phenotypic variance were recorded highest for plant height (358.69, 378.69) followed by pod wall proportion (38.30, 41.27) and lowest for primary branches per plant (0.30, 0.50). High GCV and PCV were recorded for plant height (38.65, 39.70) followed by 100-seed weight (25.68, 26.21) and pod wall proportion (20.49, 21.24). Whereas, moderate estimate of GCV and PCV were recorded for seed yield per plant (15.93, 18.76) followed by pods per plant (14.86, 19.69), pod length (14.93, 16.28), primary branches per plant (12.77, 16.77) and seeds per pod (12.98, 14.76). High estimates of heritability along with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was recorded for 100-seed weight (95.95, 51.81) and plant height (94.78, 77.52) which indicated major role of additive gene action in the expression of these characters while high heritability along with moderate genetic advance as per cent of mean was recorded for pod wall proportion, seed yield per plant and pod length which indicated these characters was mainly governed by non additive gene action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was conducted to assess the magnitude of genetic variability in QPM for morphological and quality traits. Fifty seven genotypes of maize (Zea maize L.) were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Barout. In this study seed yield per plot followed by plant height, ear girth, ear height, ear length, 1000 grain weight and number of grain per row had high estimates of genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV). Heritability and genetic advance were moderate for Days to 50% silking, protein concentration, tryptophan concentration, lysine concentration, number of row per ear and number of grains per row indicating the predominant role of non additive gene action. Hence environment plays major role in governing these characters and improvement of these characters is complicated. It might be possible through heterosis breeding. Seed yield per plot had expressed high heritability (> 85%) coupled with high genetic advance % of mean indicating genetic variance for these characters and additive gene action playing major role in inheritance of these traits and there is better scope for improvement of these characters through simple selection. Correlation coefficient was positive and significant between grain yield and both plant and ear heights, but negative and significant correlation with ear height. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]