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Inflammation is an essential part of the body's cellular defence, triggered by pathogens, allergens, damaged cells, and toxic compounds. It signals the process of tissue repair and remodelling, typically causing redness, heat, swelling, pain, and loss of function. Conventional treatments for inflammatory conditions often have significant side effects. Conversely, herbal remedies are safer with fewer adverse effects. Based on traditional Ayurveda, these remedies offer a holistic approach to reduced inflammation. This review examines various phytoconstituents known for their anti-inflammatory properties and evaluates the effectiveness of herbal approaches in managing inflammation and aims to present herbal remedies as viable alternatives to conventional treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Areas of the body accessible to gastric secretions, such as the stomach and duodenum, are most commonly damaged by circumscribed lesions of the upper gastrointestinal tract mucosa. Peptic ulcer disease is the term for this illness (PUD). About 80% of peptic ulcers are duodenal ulcers, with stomach ulcers accounting for the remaining 20%. Duodenal ulcers are linked to the two primary results about Helicobacter pylori infection and COX inhibitor users. Additional causes might include drinking, smoking, stress, and coffee consumption. The indications and symptoms of a duodenal ulcer depend on the patient's age and the lesion's location. For duodenal ulcers, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the usual course of treatment. This comprehensive study included an in-depth literature search in the literature and methods section using electronic databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The search method included publications published from the inception of the relevant database to the present. Inclusion criteria included studies investigating different treatment options for duodenal ulcer disease, including traditional pharmacotherapy and naturopathic treatments. Data mining includes information on treatment techniques, treatment outcomes, and possible synergies between conventional and herbal treatments. In addition, this review critically examines the available information on the effectiveness, safety, and possible side effects of different treatments. The inclusion of conventional and herbal treatments is intended to provide a comprehensive overview of the many treatment options available for duodenal ulcer disease. A more comprehensive and personalized treatment plan can be achieved by incorporating dietary changes, lifestyle modifications, and, if necessary, herbal therapies to complement other treatments normally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored health-seeking practices and utilization of ethnomedical therapies for chronic pain management among people who use drugs (PWUD) in Nigeria. Data were generated through in-depth interviews with PWUD who lived with chronic pain (n = 26). Participants were recruited through snowball sampling in Uyo, Nigeria. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, coded and analysed thematically. Participants reported challenges with biomedical pain management, including a lack of cure for pain and low adherence to medications due to financial constraints and restrictions on dispensing of pharmaceutical opioids. These challenges contributed to inadequate biomedical management of chronic pain and encouraged utilization of herbal remedies, including those originating from other ethno-linguistic settings. While some preferred herbal remedies to biomedical care, others used these remedies due to inability to access biomedical pain management. Further, while some found herbal remedies to be helpful in relieving pain, others experienced adverse reactions and sought emergency medical services for this reason. As a result, they disavowed ethnomedical therapies and reaffirmed trust in biomedicine. Participants choose between biomedicine and ethnomedical therapies in managing chronic pain, and these choices were often shaped by structural inequality and the wider context of medical pluralism. Findings indicate a need to promote diversity and choice in healthcare and ensure access to safe, equitable and culturally-appropriate care through health insurance coverage and formal regulation of ethnomedical providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analyzed data from positively tested COVID-19 outpatients to describe self-medication with OTC drugs and use of other remedies against symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We specifically considered their type and frequency, as well as associations with patient characteristics, and reasons for use. Data were collected between May 1, 2020 and February 22, 2021 with two questionnaires in an observational cohort study with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2-positive adult outpatients in the district of Western Pomerania in Germany. 523 out of 710 outpatients (74%; 340 women and 183 men) reported using drugs and other remedies to relieve COVID-19-symptoms. Overall, participants reported utilization of 1282 finished dosage products or remedies, including 213 different ingredients. In the population of 710 outpatients, utilization of ibuprofen (26%), acetaminophen (21%), metamizole (14%), and acetylsalicylic acid (10%) was most commonly reported. Phytopharmaceuticals, herbal and animal products as well as vitamins and minerals were also frequently reported. Among the 523 participants who used drugs and other remedies, most commonly mentioned reasons for use were headache (40%), other kinds of pain (e.g. myalgia; 37%), fever (24%) and cough (16%). Our analysis showed that a majority of the participants tried to alleviate COVID-19-symptoms using drugs and other remedies. Especially analgesic and antipyretic agents, followed by herbal medicines, were used very frequently. Trial registration: German Register for Clinical Studies DRKS00021672, first registration on December 1st, 2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rising obesity and associated multi-systemic complications amplify the health burden. Euphorbia kansui (EK) extract is clinically recognized for managing obesity. In a human study, 240 obese individuals were categorized into two cohorts: those receiving solely herbal medicine (HM group) and those administered EK concomitantly with herbal medicine (EK group). An in vivo examination using C57BL/6-Lepob/Lepob mice elucidated mechanisms involving macrophages and gut microbiota with associated metabolic advantages. The clinical study revealed a significant 7.22% body weight reduction during 91.55 average treatment days and examined 16.71% weight loss at 300 days after treatment. In whole subjects, 60.4%, 21.3%, and 6.3% achieved weight reductions exceeding 5%, 10%, and 15%, respectively. Impressively, the EK group exhibited superior weight loss compared to the HM group (EK: −7.73% vs. HM: −6.27%, p = 0.012). The anti-obesity effect was positively associated with EK therapy frequency and herbal medicine duration. In the in vivo study, EK significantly improved insulin sensitivity and mitigated infiltration of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) by modulating the CD11c+ and CD206+ subtypes. EK also correlated with increased Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes populations and reduced Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia. Consequently, EK is an effective adjunctive anti-obesity therapy offering metabolic benefits by modulating ATMs and gut microbiota profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: This case highlights the significant challenges in the diagnosis and management of eumycetoma, particularly in regions like Sudan, where socioeconomic factors and ongoing conflict severely impact patient care. Delayed diagnosis and inadequate access to effective treatment can lead to poor adherence to prescribed therapies, prompting patients to resort to unproven self‐treatment methods. Comprehensive, multidisciplinary approaches that include education, improved accessibility to care, and addressing the impact of social determinants on health are essential to enhance the management of mycetoma, reduce disability rates, and improve patient outcomes in underserved communities. Mycetoma is a chronic and debilitating infectious disease characterized by localized swellings and granulomatous lesions. It primarily affects individuals in tropical and subtropical regions and is caused by certain fungi or bacteria. This case report outlines the presentation, diagnosis, and management of a 37‐year‐old male from central Sudan with black grain eumycetoma, a challenging condition. The patient presented with recurring painless swelling in his right foot, which progressed over 5 years to include sinuses discharging black grain‐like materials. Despite initial treatment with itraconazole and folic acid, the patient discontinued medication due to war‐induced hardships including financial and accessibility to treatment and healthcare guidance, resulting in resorting to none‐effective and potentially harmful herbal remedies. Multidisciplinary management involving dermatologists, infectious disease specialists, and pharmacists supported with community health workers for health education is essential for enforcing adherence to treatment and successful recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) continue to be a major global health concern, representing a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. This review provides a comprehensive examination of CVDs, encompassing their pathophysiology, diagnostic biomarkers, advanced imaging techniques, pharmacological treatments, surgical interventions, and the emerging role of herbal remedies. The review covers various cardiovascular conditions such as coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis, peripheral artery disease, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, cardiomyopathy, rheumatic heart disease, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, cerebrovascular diseases, and congenital heart defects. The review presents a wide range of cardiac biomarkers such as troponins, C-reactive protein, CKMB, BNP, NT-proBNP, galectin, adiponectin, IL-6, TNF-α, miRNAs, and oxylipins. Advanced molecular imaging techniques, including chest X-ray, ECG, ultrasound, CT, SPECT, PET, and MRI, have significantly enhanced our ability to visualize myocardial perfusion, plaque characterization, and cardiac function. Various synthetic drugs including statins, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, β-blockers, calcium channel blockers, antihypertensives, anticoagulants, and antiarrhythmics are fundamental in managing CVDs. Nonetheless, their side effects such as hepatic dysfunction, renal impairment, and bleeding risks necessitate careful monitoring and personalized treatment strategies. In addition to conventional therapies, herbal remedies have garnered attention for their potential cardiovascular benefits. Plant extracts and their bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, saponins, and alkaloids, offer promising cardioprotective effects and enhanced cardiovascular health. This review underscores the value of combining traditional and modern therapeutic approaches to improve cardiovascular outcomes. This review serves as a vital resource for researchers by integrating a broad spectrum of information on CVDs, diagnostic tools, imaging techniques, pharmacological treatments and their side effects, and the potential of herbal remedies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This study explored health-seeking practices and utilization of ethnomedical therapies for chronic pain management among people who use drugs (PWUD) in Nigeria. Data were generated through in-depth interviews with PWUD who lived with chronic pain (n = 26). Participants were recruited through snowball sampling in Uyo, Nigeria. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, coded and analysed thematically. Participants reported challenges with biomedical pain management, including a lack of cure for pain and low adherence to medications due to financial constraints and restrictions on dispensing of pharmaceutical opioids. These challenges contributed to inadequate biomedical management of chronic pain and encouraged utilization of herbal remedies, including those originating from other ethno-linguistic settings. While some preferred herbal remedies to biomedical care, others used these remedies due to inability to access biomedical pain management. Further, while some found herbal remedies to be helpful in relieving pain, others experienced adverse reactions and sought emergency medical services for this reason. As a result, they disavowed ethnomedical therapies and reaffirmed trust in biomedicine. Participants choose between biomedicine and ethnomedical therapies in managing chronic pain, and these choices were often shaped by structural inequality and the wider context of medical pluralism. Findings indicate a need to promote diversity and choice in healthcare and ensure access to safe, equitable and culturally-appropriate care through health insurance coverage and formal regulation of ethnomedical providers.

Abstract We analyzed data from positively tested COVID-19 outpatients to describe self-medication with OTC drugs and use of other remedies against symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We specifically considered their type and frequency, as well as associations with patient characteristics, and reasons for use. Data were collected between May 1, 2020 and February 22, 2021 with two questionnaires in an observational cohort study with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2-positive adult outpatients in the district of Western Pomerania in Germany. 523 out of 710 outpatients (74%; 340 women and 183 men) reported using drugs and other remedies to relieve COVID-19-symptoms. Overall, participants reported utilization of 1282 finished dosage products or remedies, including 213 different ingredients. In the population of 710 outpatients, utilization of ibuprofen (26%), acetaminophen (21%), metamizole (14%), and acetylsalicylic acid (10%) was most commonly reported. Phytopharmaceuticals, herbal and animal products as well as vitamins and minerals were also frequently reported. Among the 523 participants who used drugs and other remedies, most commonly mentioned reasons for use were headache (40%), other kinds of pain (e.g. myalgia; 37%), fever (24%) and cough (16%). Our analysis showed that a majority of the participants tried to alleviate COVID-19-symptoms using drugs and other remedies. Especially analgesic and antipyretic agents, followed by herbal medicines, were used very frequently. Trial registration: German Register for Clinical Studies DRKS00021672, first registration on December 1st, 2020.

AbstractContext Tanzania has rich medicinal plant (MP) resources, and most rural inhabitants rely on traditional healing practices for their primary healthcare needs. However, available research evidence on antimalarial MPs is highly fragmented in the country.Objective This systematic review compiles ethnomedicinal research evidence on MPs used by Tanzanians as antimalarials.Materials and methods A systematic web search was conducted using various electronic databases and grey materials to gather relevant information on antimalarial MPs utilized by Tanzanians. The review was per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The data were collected from 25 articles, and MS Excel software was used to analyse relevant ethnobotanical information using descriptive statistics.Results A total of 227 MPs belonging to 67 botanical families and 180 genera were identified. Fabaceae (15.9%) is the most frequently utilized family. The ethnobotanical recipes analysis indicated leaves (40%) and trees (44%) are the preferred MPs part and life form, respectively. Decoctions (67%) are the dominant preparation method of remedies. Of the recorded MPs, 25.9% have been scientifically investigated for antimalarial activities with positive results. However, 74.1% of MPs have no scientific records on antimalarial activities, but they could be potential sources of remedies.Conclusions The study discloses a wealth of antimalarial MPs possessed by Tanzanians and suggests a need for research to authenticate the healing potential of antimalarial compounds from the unstudied MPs. Additionally, it indicates that some of the presented MPs are potential sources for developing safe, effective and affordable antimalarial drugs.

Context: Tanzania has rich medicinal plant (MP) resources, and most rural inhabitants rely on traditional healing practices for their primary healthcare needs. However, available research evidence on antimalarial MPs is highly fragmented in the country. Objective: This systematic review compiles ethnomedicinal research evidence on MPs used by tanzanians as antimalarials. Materials and methods: A systematic web search was conducted using various electronic databases and grey materials to gather relevant information on antimalarial MPs utilized by tanzanians. the review was per the Preferred Reporting items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRiSMA) statement. the data were collected from 25 articles, and MS excel software was used to analyse relevant ethnobotanical information using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 227 MPs belonging to 67 botanical families and 180 genera were identified. Fabaceae (15.9%) is the most frequently utilized family. the ethnobotanical recipes analysis indicated leaves (40%) and trees (44%) are the preferred MPs part and life form, respectively. Decoctions (67%) are the dominant preparation method of remedies. Of the recorded MPs, 25.9% have been scientifically investigated for antimalarial activities with positive results. However, 74.1% of MPs have no scientific records on antimalarial activities, but they could be potential sources of remedies. Conclusions: the study discloses a wealth of antimalarial MPs possessed by tanzanians and suggests a need for research to authenticate the healing potential of antimalarial compounds from the unstudied MPs. Additionally, it indicates that some of the presented MPs are potential sources for developing safe, effective and affordable antimalarial drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The use of herbal medicine has a long history in Sudan and is widely practiced among the general population. However, there is a lack of studies examining the prevalence, patterns, and predictors of herbal medicine usage in Sudan. Thus, this study was conducted to bridge this gap. Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between January and February 2021. It included Sudanese adults residing in Omdurman, Sudan, using systematic and simple random sampling methods. Data were collected using a structured, adapted questionnaire comprising: the socio-demographic characteristics and the knowledge of herbal medicine and its usage. Moreover, it investigated the commonly used herbal remedies and the participants’ sources of information and procurement of such products. Additionally, we examined the correlation between socio-demographic factors, cultural beliefs, and the use of herbal medicine. Data were analyzed using SPSS, and categorical data were presented as frequencies and percentages. Associations were assessed using chi-square, Fisher’s exact tests, and binary logistic regression (p

Background: The use of herbal medicine has a long history in Sudan and is widely practiced among the general population. However, there is a lack of studies examining the prevalence, patterns, and predictors of herbal medicine usage in Sudan. Thus, this study was conducted to bridge this gap. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between January and February 2021. It included Sudanese adults residing in Omdurman, Sudan, using systematic and simple random sampling methods. Data were collected using a structured, adapted questionnaire comprising: the socio-demographic characteristics and the knowledge of herbal medicine and its usage. Moreover, it investigated the commonly used herbal remedies and the participants' sources of information and procurement of such products. Additionally, we examined the correlation between socio-demographic factors, cultural beliefs, and the use of herbal medicine. Data were analyzed using SPSS, and categorical data were presented as frequencies and percentages. Associations were assessed using chi-square, Fisher's exact tests, and binary logistic regression (p < 0.05). Results: This study included 381 participants, of which 48.1% were females and 31.4% were aged 20-30. The majority of participants were aware of the practice of herbal medicine and the prevalence of its usage was 85.9%. Peppermint, acacia, hibiscus, ginger, and fenugreek were the most commonly used remedies. Chi-square and Fisher's exact testing revealed that the participants' gender and beliefs in the safety and effectiveness of herbal medicines were significantly associated with herbal medicine usage (p < 0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that only the perception of herbal medicine's safety was an independent predictor of its usage (p-value 0.038). Conclusion: This study reported a very high prevalence of herbal medicine usage, highlighting the acceptability of Sudanese adults towards herbal medicine usage. This prompts further studies to explore their safety, efficacy, and the possibility of their integration into mainstream healthcare practices and policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This thorough analysis of the article describes the therapeutic potential of herbal treatments, such as ginger, papaya, bamboo shoots, and Plectranthus species, in addressing the complex issues of oxidative stress, microbial infections, and cancer. Innovative and comprehensive approaches to disease management are desperately needed in light of rising cancer rates and the advent of microbial resistance to traditional treatments. While papaya leaves contain a multitude of bioactive constituents, such as papain, chymopapain, and flavonoids, with demonstrated anticancer and antimicrobial effects, bamboo shoots, rich in bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids, polyphenols, and alkaloids, demonstrate antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. Because of its bioactive ingredients, such as gingerol and shogaol, ginger, a popular culinary and medicinal herb, has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer potential. Meanwhile, Plectranthus species possess antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties linked to substances like carvacrol and thymol. The combination of these herbal substances exhibits synergistic effects that offer potential routes for targeting many disease pathways, such as immune response modulation, tumour growth suppression, and oxidative damage mitigation. To further understand their modes of action, adjust dosage schedules, and assess their efficacy and safety in clinical settings, more study is necessary. Herbal medicines have great promise for enhancing health outcomes and reducing the worldwide burden of cancer, microbial resistance, and oxidative stress. They provide a natural and possibly beneficial supplement to conventional treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of eHumanista is the property of Professor Antonio Cortijo-Ocana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Shrimp is a popular commodity due to its fast growth and high economic value. However, stress-related disease outbreaks caused by intensifying agricultural practices and environmental factors have led to significant financial losses globally. Using chemical compounds to combat infectious pathogens has also led to antibiotic resistance and accumulation of residues in tissues and the environment, posing consumer risks. This study investigated the potential benefits of Terminalia catappa leaves (TCL) as a natural plant product-based dietary supplement for Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae against Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. Experimental diets with TCL extract were prepared and the feeding trial was carried out for 28 days with L. vannamei postlarvae (PL10). The growth parameters and digestive enzymes were measured. Vibrio challenge test was conducted for 48 h. Oxidative stress, immunomodulation and histopathology of hepatopancreases were analysed after vibrio challenge in PL given with/without TCL diet. The study revealed that TCL diet has an increased body weight and survival rate of the shrimp than basal diet via increasing digestive enzyme activity. TCL diet also increases the survival of shrimp against the vibrio challenge. It increases antioxidant enzymes and eliminates oxidative stress. TCL acts as an immunostimulant by increasing prophenoloxidase, crustin, lysozyme and penaeid 3a genes. Moreover, the cellular damage caused by oxidative stress to hepatopancreases of the shrimp was reduced. The findings in this study suggest that the TCL diet has a dual property of growth promoter and immunostimulant and can be a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to traditional aquaculture practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Lamiaceae family: valued in medicine, the food industry and cosmetics. • Salvia officinalis (SO): aromatic oils and various bioactive components. • Phenolic diterpenes in SO prevent obesity, diabetes and cancer. • Antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal properties of flavonoids and phenolic acids of SO. • SO as a potential natural food additive that extends the shelf life of food. The botanical family Lamiaceae, which comprises around 230 genera and 7100 species worldwide, is of great importance for medicine, cooking, cosmetics, and the cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants. Notable members include Sage, Mint, and Sideritis. This review focuses on S. officinalis L. (S. officinalis), commonly known as sage, and in particular its bioactive constituents and their potential medicinal applications. Extensive searches of databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were conducted. The research emphasizes the antioxidant properties of S. officinalis due to its flavonoids and phenolic acids. Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate its effectiveness against bacterial infections. Recent research also suggests that S. officinalis has the potential to extend the shelf life of various foods by reducing lipid oxidation, making it an important ingredient in the food industry as a natural food additive. The findings underscore the potential medicinal applications of S. officinalis , including its pharmacological, antioxidant and antibacterial properties, as well as its role in food preservation. Despite existing controversies, S. officinalis proves to be a natural and healthier alternative for various applications, in line with today's consumer preferences for natural and sustainable products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 37-year-old woman presented with nausea, vomiting and headache. She was found to be profoundly hyponatraemic with a sodium of 121 mmol/L, which deteriorated following a fluid challenge. An initial hyponatraemia screen identified adrenal insufficiency, with cortisol of 48 nmol/L. History confirmed she had been taking the herbal plant, ashwagandha. After 3 days of fluid restriction and steroid replacement, her sodium returned to normal (139 mmol/L). This article reviews the possible harmful effects of over-the-counter herbal remedies and highlights the importance of considering a wide differential diagnosis in patients presenting with non-specific symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message This case highlights the significant challenges in the diagnosis and management of eumycetoma, particularly in regions like Sudan, where socioeconomic factors and ongoing conflict severely impact patient care. Delayed diagnosis and inadequate access to effective treatment can lead to poor adherence to prescribed therapies, prompting patients to resort to unproven self‐treatment methods. Comprehensive, multidisciplinary approaches that include education, improved accessibility to care, and addressing the impact of social determinants on health are essential to enhance the management of mycetoma, reduce disability rates, and improve patient outcomes in underserved communities. Abstract Mycetoma is a chronic and debilitating infectious disease characterized by localized swellings and granulomatous lesions. It primarily affects individuals in tropical and subtropical regions and is caused by certain fungi or bacteria. This case report outlines the presentation, diagnosis, and management of a 37‐year‐old male from central Sudan with black grain eumycetoma, a challenging condition. The patient presented with recurring painless swelling in his right foot, which progressed over 5 years to include sinuses discharging black grain‐like materials. Despite initial treatment with itraconazole and folic acid, the patient discontinued medication due to war‐induced hardships including financial and accessibility to treatment and healthcare guidance, resulting in resorting to none‐effective and potentially harmful herbal remedies. Multidisciplinary management involving dermatologists, infectious disease specialists, and pharmacists supported with community health workers for health education is essential for enforcing adherence to treatment and successful recovery.

Objective: To determine the utilization of barley and parsley for managing urolithiasis among the Saudi Arabian population. Methods: This is a prospective cross-sectional survey-based study. The survey comprised questions about the use of barley, parsley, and other therapies for managing urolithiasis. A WhatsApp® message with the link to the study survey was sent out to family, friends, patients, and other acquaintances residing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Results: A total of 1014 respondents completed the survey, of which 44.8% indicated that they utilized barley, 38.3% stated that they used parsley, and 4.2% indicated that they utilized other non-medical remedies to treat or prevent kidney stones. In contrast, only 29.5% stated that they utilized potassium citrate and/or magnesium citrate, and only 14.4% indicated that they consumed greater amounts of water to treat or prevent kidney stones. Conclusion: Our study findings indicate that among the Saudi Arabian population, non-conventional therapies such as barley and parsley are more commonly utilized for managing urolithiasis rather than established therapies such as increasing water intake and the use of potassium-citrate/ magnesium-citrate. There is a need to conduct large-scale clinical studies to evaluate the efficacy and safety of barley, parsley, and other non-conventional therapies for treating urolithiasis.

This article gives information on the synthesis of phytocompounds of copper with the subsequent production of a multifunctional biological product based on dicalcium phosphate for use as fertilizers for application to the soil in order to increase the activity of soil microorganisms and the yield of agricultural crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the history of treating headaches spans thousands of years, scientists during the tenth century made unique and significant contributions to understanding, treating, and preventing the development of headaches. In fact, the tenth century saw the ability to differentiate between types of headache and treatments for the first time. This article looks at the contributions of Persian, Anglo-Saxon, and Chinese medicine to the diagnosis and treatment of different types of headaches in the tenth century. It does so with reference to a range of herbal, surgical, and pharmacological methods of treating this ailment. The article also uncovers how tenth-century herbal remedies were effective at explaining the properties of their ingredients in modern terms and concepts including analgesia, anti-inflammation, and antinociception, and explores the way tenth-century treatments relieved painful headaches and prevented their recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the utilization of barley and parsley for managing urolithiasis among the Saudi Arabian population. Methods: This is a prospective cross-sectional survey-based study. The survey comprised questions about the use of barley, parsley, and other therapies for managing urolithiasis. A WhatsApp® message with the link to the study survey was sent out to family, friends, patients, and other acquaintances residing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Results: A total of 1014 respondents completed the survey, of which 44.8% indicated that they utilized barley, 38.3% stated that they used parsley, and 4.2% indicated that they utilized other non-medical remedies to treat or prevent kidney stones. In contrast, only 29.5% stated that they utilized potassium citrate and/or magnesium citrate, and only 14.4% indicated that they consumed greater amounts of water to treat or prevent kidney stones. Conclusion: Our study findings indicate that among the Saudi Arabian population, non-conventional therapies such as barley and parsley are more commonly utilized for managing urolithiasis rather than established therapies such as increasing water intake and the use of potassium-citrate/magnesium-citrate. There is a need to conduct large-scale clinical studies to evaluate the efficacy and safety of barley, parsley, and other non-conventional therapies for treating urolithiasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hirsutism is a condition that can have medical, social, and psychological implications, affecting 5% to 10% of women worldwide. Management options include cosmetic procedures and pharmacological interventions. However, medications used to treat hirsutism can have side effects, ranging from mild symptoms like nausea and headaches to more serious complications such as vascular clots, heart attacks, hepatotoxicity, osteoporosis, and effeminization of a male fetus. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the potential benefits of medicinal plants on hirsutism as a complementary approach, specifically whether they can be used as adjuvants to cosmetic procedures. Databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, ISI, SID, and Mag Iran have been checked with related keywords from 2000 to 2023. Moreover, related articles were isolated. In total, ten trials were identified in the search. The results suggested that various herbs, including fennel, licorice, spearmint, saw palmetto, green tea, combination of Zingiber and neem, curcumin, and teupolioside have the potential as herbal remedies for hirsutism. However, further extensive well-designed studies involving a large sample size on the most promising herbs are necessary to determine their efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: When dealing with fragile subjects such as newborns, veterinarians can face clinical challenges. Data on the safety and efficacy of many medications used in puppies are surprisingly scarce. As a result, puppies are sometimes given ineffective medications or medications with unknown harmful side effects. This has prompted many professionals, and even more dog owners, to turn to the use of herbal remedies because of their easy access, convenience, greater tolerability, and wide margin of safety, thus leading them to becoming more popular worldwide. However, natural = safe is not always the case. The purpose of this review is to illustrate, based on the limited bibliography available, the areas of application of phytotherapeutic drugs in canine pediatrics while also pointing out the limitations of this therapeutic practice. Phytotherapy is a clinical modality that incorporates botanical remedies as part of the therapeutic approach. It is a very ancient branch of medicine that is currently undergoing a renaissance, evident in the numerous preparations available on the market. The majority of these formulations are for preventive and curative use in adult animals. Experimental experiences in the pediatric age group are particularly scarce within the existing literature. Since these products are readily accessible, dog owners often turn to them due to their ease of availability, a preference for self-medication, and the perception that herbs are safer, gentler, and less expensive than conventional medications, often leading them to bypass seeking the advice of experienced professionals. The purpose of this review is to illustrate, on the basis of the currently available bibliography, phytotherapeutic approaches in canine pediatrics, paying particular attention to the adverse effects resulting from the use of certain plants, even when used in conjunction with some synthetic drugs. Consequently, it becomes evident that further clinical and more relevant studies, specifically focusing on puppies, are needed to increase knowledge about the effects of herbal remedies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ali Mobasheri,1– 4 Aliyyaa Spring-Charles,5 Francesco Carlo Gamaleri,6 Joyce McSwan,7 Manohar Garg,8 Vidhu Sood Sethi9 1Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; 2Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; 3Department of Joint Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 4World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Public Health Aspects of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium; 5Hope Spring Clinic, London, UK; 6Pharmacy San Rocco, Cornaredo (Milan), Italy; 7PainWISE Pty Ltd, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia; 8Nutraceuticals Research Program, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; 9Medical Affairs, Haleon (Formerly GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare) Pte. Ltd., SingaporeCorrespondence: Vidhu Sood Sethi, Haleon (Formerly GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare) Pte. Ltd., Singapore, Tel +65 96447203, Email vidhu.x.sethi@haleon.comBackground: Pharmacological approaches to acute and chronic pain management, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioids, are respectively associated with adverse reactions (such as gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and renal effects) that might limit their use in patients with comorbidities and controversy related to inappropriate use. Naturopathic remedies might offer patients alternative and integrative treatments with minimal side effects.Objective: To explore the regional variation in the acceptance and use of naturopathic remedies in pain management.Methods: Two expert panel discussions were held by GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare (now Haleon Pte. Ltd.) over 9 and 12 hours in 2020 and 2021, respectively, and attended by multidisciplinary experts in naturopathy, Ayurvedic medicine, community pharmacy, physiotherapy, clinical pharmacy, Western medicine, academics, and naturopathic pain relief. Experts shared and discussed their experiences of naturopathic treatments and relevant clinical evidence related to different types of pain (including joint and muscle pain, migraine, sleeplessness due to pain, and general pain) and examined barriers to providing support to patients.Results: Experts agreed on the potential for curcumin (2020, 71.4% [5/7]; 2021, 91.7% [11/12]) and fish oil (2020, 100% [7/7]) for management of osteoarthritic joint pain although these are not uniformly recommended in osteoarthritis treatment guidelines. In treatment of migraines, coenzyme Q10 and magnesium were favored by experts (2021, 90.9% [10/11] and 63.6% [7/11], respectively).Conclusion: The need was emphasized for more and higher quality clinical studies to support naturopathic remedies, which might not be reflected in the latest treatment guidelines. The expert panel also highlighted missed opportunities for physicians and pharmacists to recommend effective naturopathic treatments.Keywords: herbal remedies, naturopathy, osteoarthritis, migraine, expert panel discussion

Objective: Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium) is a potent medicinal plant in Asia. This present study aimed to reveal the effectivity of Andaliman fruit extract in alleviating hyperglycemia, sensory and motoric balance disorders, histopathology of the cerebellum, and tissue oxidative stress in diabetic mice induced by alloxan. Materials and Methods: Diabetes induction was performed by intraperitoneally injecting alloxan monohydrate [200 mg/kg body weight (BW)]. Subsequently, the mice were treated daily with an ethanolic extract of Andaliman fruit (0, 150, 300, 450 mg/kg BW per oral) for 28 days, followed by measurements of blood glucose, paw sensitivity, motoric balance, histopathology of the cerebellum, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Moreover, the phytochemical constituents of the extract were elucidated by liquid chromatography. Results: Higher doses of Andaliman fruit extract could significantly attenuate the elevation of random and fasting blood glucose (p < 0.05) and improve paw sensitivity responses (p < 0.05) and motoric balances (p < 0.05) in diabetic mice. Moreover, Andaliman fruit extract could significantly attenuate the degeneration of cerebellar Purkinje cells (p < 0.05) and suppress MDA levels in the blood (p < 0.05) while blunting the MDA in the brain tissue (p < 0.05). Phytochemical screening revealed 39 compounds in the Andaliman extract belonging to the groups of alkaloids (26 compounds), flavonoids (12 compounds), and terpenoids (1 compound). Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of Andaliman fruit is capable of ameliorating diabetic neuropathy, motor balance disorders, and Purkinje cell degeneration while also reducing oxidative stress in the peripheral system. Hence, Andaliman extract is a promising candidate for formulation as an herbal remedy against the detrimental outcomes of diabetes mellitus. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2023; 10(4.000): 608-619]

Abstract Introduction Osteoporosis is a significant clinical and public health concern worldwide. Despite the impact of this condition on women's lives, most studies have focused on its clinical manifestations, drug efficacy, and medical treatment. Furthermore, most studies have been conducted in the West. This study aimed to uncover the personal experiences of postmenopausal Omani women living with osteoporosis. Methods In this interpretive phenomenological study, a purposive sample of 15 postmenopausal Omani women with osteoporosis was recruited from primary and secondary care facilities in Muscat, Oman. Semi‐structured one‐to‐one interviews were conducted via Zoom and telephone because of coronavirus disease 2019 restrictions. The interviews were audio‐recorded, and the Ajjawi and Higgs framework was used to analyse the data thematically. Results The following key themes were constructed from the interviews: the impact of osteoporosis on religious practices, cultural and social life, and financial status, and the benefits derived from religious and cultural practices and rituals, including Muslim prayer, recitation of Quranic verses, and herbal remedies to cope with osteoporosis‐related pain and suffering. Conclusion Osteoporosis and fragility fractures have a significant impact on the religious, cultural, and financial lives of postmenopausal Omani women with osteoporosis. Muslim prayers, recitation of Quranic verses, and herbal remedies are coping strategies for pain in this population. Patient or Public Contribution Postmenopausal Omani women with osteoporosis participated in this study through interviews and contributed their lived experiences. Orthopaedic doctors helped recruit patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) continue to be a major global health concern, representing a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. This review provides a comprehensive examination of CVDs, encompassing their pathophysiology, diagnostic biomarkers, advanced imaging techniques, pharmacological treatments, surgical interventions, and the emerging role of herbal remedies. The review covers various cardiovascular conditions such as coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis, peripheral artery disease, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, cardiomyopathy, rheumatic heart disease, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, cerebrovascular diseases, and congenital heart defects. The review presents a wide range of cardiac biomarkers such as troponins, C-reactive protein, CKMB, BNP, NT-proBNP, galectin, adiponectin, IL-6, TNF-α, miRNAs, and oxylipins. Advanced molecular imaging techniques, including chest X-ray, ECG, ultrasound, CT, SPECT, PET, and MRI, have significantly enhanced our ability to visualize myocardial perfusion, plaque characterization, and cardiac function. Various synthetic drugs including statins, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, β-blockers, calcium channel blockers, antihypertensives, anticoagulants, and antiarrhythmics are fundamental in managing CVDs. Nonetheless, their side effects such as hepatic dysfunction, renal impairment, and bleeding risks necessitate careful monitoring and personalized treatment strategies. In addition to conventional therapies, herbal remedies have garnered attention for their potential cardiovascular benefits. Plant extracts and their bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, saponins, and alkaloids, offer promising cardioprotective effects and enhanced cardiovascular health. This review underscores the value of combining traditional and modern therapeutic approaches to improve cardiovascular outcomes. This review serves as a vital resource for researchers by integrating a broad spectrum of information on CVDs, diagnostic tools, imaging techniques, pharmacological treatments and their side effects, and the potential of herbal remedies.

Dengue causes a considerable health burden across the globe and in India. Dengue management in India involves a combination of medical, public health, and cultural factors. Some communities may rely on traditional herbal remedies for dengue management. While some herbal medications may show promise, there are some limitations to traditional healing practices and herbal remedies that should be acknowledged and appropriately taken care of. The government often implements integrated vector management strategies, combining chemical control, environmental management, and community participation for effective control. Tailoring educational materials to the local context and language is crucial for conveying information about dengue prevention and management.Collaboration between different sectors, including health authorities, community and religious leaders, and other stakeholders, is essential to effectively addressing the cultural dimensions of dengue prevention and control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethno-pharmacology delves into ancestral medicinal and aromatic plant (MAP) knowledge, which is crucial in folk medicine and community health. This ethno-pharmaceutical study focused on exploring the use of MAPs in the Meknes and Khenifra regions. A questionnaire targeted 149 respondents, gathering data on MAP usage, preparation methods, adverse effects, and influencing factors. Predominantly, users aged 30-45 in urban areas utilized MAPs with a balanced gender distribution. Lamiaceae was the most utilized plant family, primarily for gastrointestinal disorders. Rosemary (47%), star anise (46.3%), and thyme (43.6%) were the most commonly used. Sourcing methods included gathering from the wild (47.9%), herbalists (43.8%), and pharmacies (17.1%). The decoction (63.8%) was the favored preparation, often consumed short-term or regularly (68.5%) as part of the daily diet. Adverse health effects included vomiting (47.3%) and diarrhea (29.7%), underscoring the importance of understanding herbal remedies-drug interactions, given that 54% reported concurrent use of drugs. Media (54.4%) significantly influenced the MAP recipe choice, in contrast to the minimal influence of phytotherapy (16.10%). This study underscores the importance of MAPs in the studied regions and the necessity for their safe and effective use. It highlights the significant role of media and intergenerational transmission in traditional recipe selection, emphasizing the pivotal roles of culture and communication in preserving traditional medicinal practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Skin infections can range in severity from moderate to severe. However, skin infections can become more serious if they penetrate deeper into the skin or spread across a large portion of the body. Most skin infections are caused by specific bacteria, fungi, allergens, or other factors. Objective To examine the efficacy of an emulgel made from Spilanthes acmella extract as a herbal treatment for treating cellulitis and bacterial skin eruption. Methods From May to June 2021, this randomized controlled trial was carried out at a neighborhood clinic in Multan. Three patients in total took part in the study, and each one received an emulgel based on Spilanthes acmella that contained 2% pure extract. For a total of 14 days, each patient applied emulgel three times each day to the suffering area. Each patient had pictures taken on the 0th, 7th, and 14th days. Results All patients' skin infections had greatly improved after 14 days, as seen in the post-14-days figures. The eczematous conditions got better the skin softer, and every one of lesions and skin eruptions had cleared out. Conclusion It has been determined that the S extract base emulgel demonstrated strong antiinflammatory, anti-fungal, and anti-bacterial activity to treat many kinds of infectious and eczematous skin disorders. Due to the formulation's emollient effect, which lasted between 7 and 14 days, the skin became normal and smooth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skin cancer, ranked as the fifth most prevalent cancer, is a rising health threat, emphasizing the need for innovative treatments. Genetic mutations cause skin cell abnormalities leading to various cancers, especially melanoma. Current treatments, such as radiation therapy and chemotherapy, have limitations, necessitating advancements in technology and therapy. Early detection is crucial for effective intervention, and diagnostic methods encompass blood tests, imaging, biopsies, and genetic tests, followed by staging to determine disease severity. This review focuses on herbal remedies from medicinal plants like ursolic acid, genistic acid, luteolin, curcumin, and others, demonstrating anti-cancer properties in inhibiting proliferation and modulating molecular processes. Studies, primarily in vitro and animals, offer insights into their potential for skin cancer prevention. The review synthesizes diverse literature, providing nuanced insights into herbal remedies' molecular mechanisms for innovative therapeutic approaches. Emphasizing the importance of human trials, particularly for compounds like ursolic acid and genistic acid, is crucial for validating efficacy and safety. Herbal remedies align with WHO recommendations, holding promise for more effective and holistic skin cancer treatments. Ongoing research supports the integration of these compounds into treatment protocols, marking a hopeful frontier in combatting this pervasive disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pain is one of the most common symptoms that lead people to seek medical attention. In standard medical practice, a patient's well-being depends on pain relief. There is still a need for innovative approaches to pain management, since numerous drugs currently used to manage it have significant adverse effects. Narcotic herbal remedies (e.g. THC) have gained popularity in recent years as a potential treatment with minimal negative effects and analgesic impact. Others, like morphine, are widely used in medicine, and are placed in the analgesic ladder of WHO. Cocaine derivatives are sometimes used in otolaryngologist practice. This publication aims to provide an overview of the the analgesic effect of narcotic herbal treatments in a range of situations where pain management is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of the Eurycoma longifolia (also known as Tongkat Ali [TA]) on sleep and wakefulness was evaluated in C57BL/6 mice. While TA has been used as an aphrodisiac in males, it exhibits various pharmacological effects. The most notable effect observed with TA was wake‐enhancement during the second half of the active period, accompanied by significant elevations in core body temperature (CBT). In contrast, sleep was enhanced during the resting period (i.e., increase in rapid eye movement [REM] sleep and delta electroencephalography [EEG] power in non‐REM sleep) with significant declines in CBT. The transition of TA's effects between resting and active periods was rapid. The results of the experiments in constant darkness indicate that TA prolongs the circadian tau and that this transition is governed by circadian clock mechanisms rather than light exposure. TA did not demonstrate efficacy in aiding sleep in an acute stress‐induced insomnia model; thus, TA may be more suitable as a wake‐enhancing agent for daytime sleepiness, as sleep propensity tends to accumulate towards the end of active period. Since TA amplifies the rest‐activity pattern, prolongs circadian tau and increases REM sleep, thereby reversing some common symptoms seen in elderly subjects, it may also hold promise as a rejuvenating medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Osteoporosis is a significant clinical and public health concern worldwide. Despite the impact of this condition on women's lives, most studies have focused on its clinical manifestations, drug efficacy, and medical treatment. Furthermore, most studies have been conducted in the West. This study aimed to uncover the personal experiences of postmenopausal Omani women living with osteoporosis. Methods: In this interpretive phenomenological study, a purposive sample of 15 postmenopausal Omani women with osteoporosis was recruited from primary and secondary care facilities in Muscat, Oman. Semi‐structured one‐to‐one interviews were conducted via Zoom and telephone because of coronavirus disease 2019 restrictions. The interviews were audio‐recorded, and the Ajjawi and Higgs framework was used to analyse the data thematically. Results: The following key themes were constructed from the interviews: the impact of osteoporosis on religious practices, cultural and social life, and financial status, and the benefits derived from religious and cultural practices and rituals, including Muslim prayer, recitation of Quranic verses, and herbal remedies to cope with osteoporosis‐related pain and suffering. Conclusion: Osteoporosis and fragility fractures have a significant impact on the religious, cultural, and financial lives of postmenopausal Omani women with osteoporosis. Muslim prayers, recitation of Quranic verses, and herbal remedies are coping strategies for pain in this population. Patient or Public Contribution: Postmenopausal Omani women with osteoporosis participated in this study through interviews and contributed their lived experiences. Orthopaedic doctors helped recruit patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium) is a potent medicinal plant in Asia. This present study aimed to reveal the effectivity of Andaliman fruit extract in alleviating hyperglycemia, sensory and motoric balance disorders, histopathology of the cerebellum, and tissue oxidative stress in diabetic mice induced by alloxan. Materials and Methods: Diabetes induction was performed by intraperitoneally injecting alloxan monohydrate [200 mg/kg body weight (BW)]. Subsequently, the mice were treated daily with an ethanolic extract of Andaliman fruit (0, 150, 300, 450 mg/kg BW per oral) for 28 days, followed by measurements of blood glucose, paw sensitivity, motoric balance, histopathology of the cerebellum, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Moreover, the phytochemical constituents of the extract were elucidated by liquid chromatography. Results: Higher doses of Andaliman fruit extract could significantly attenuate the elevation of random and fasting blood glucose (p < 0.05) and improve paw sensitivity responses (p < 0.05) and motoric balances (p < 0.05) in diabetic mice. Moreover, Andaliman fruit extract could significantly attenuate the degeneration of cerebellar Purkinje cells (p < 0.05) and suppress MDA levels in the blood (p < 0.05) while blunting the MDA in the brain tissue (p < 0.05). Phytochemical screening revealed 39 compounds in the Andaliman extract belonging to the groups of alkaloids (26 compounds), flavonoids (12 compounds), and terpenoids (1 compound). Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of Andaliman fruit is capable of ameliorating diabetic neuropathy, motor balance disorders, and Purkinje cell degeneration while also reducing oxidative stress in the peripheral system. Hence, Andaliman extract is a promising candidate for formulation as an herbal remedy against the detrimental outcomes of diabetes mellitus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rising obesity and associated multi-systemic complications amplify the health burden. Euphorbia kansui (EK) extract is clinically recognized for managing obesity. In a human study, 240 obese individuals were categorized into two cohorts: those receiving solely herbal medicine (HM group) and those administered EK concomitantly with herbal medicine (EK group). An in vivo examination using C57BL/6-Lepob/Lepob mice elucidated mechanisms involving macrophages and gut microbiota with associated metabolic advantages. The clinical study revealed a significant 7.22% body weight reduction during 91.55 average treatment days and examined 16.71% weight loss at 300 days after treatment. In whole subjects, 60.4%, 21.3%, and 6.3% achieved weight reductions exceeding 5%, 10%, and 15%, respectively. Impressively, the EK group exhibited superior weight loss compared to the HM group (EK: −7.73% vs. HM: −6.27%, p = 0.012). The anti-obesity effect was positively associated with EK therapy frequency and herbal medicine duration. In the in vivo study, EK significantly improved insulin sensitivity and mitigated infiltration of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) by modulating the CD11c+ and CD206+ subtypes. EK also correlated with increased Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes populations and reduced Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia. Consequently, EK is an effective adjunctive anti-obesity therapy offering metabolic benefits by modulating ATMs and gut microbiota profiles.