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OBJECTIVE: Peptic ulcer (PU) and hypertension are chronic diseases affecting up to 10% and 30% of the adult population worldwide. Most of these patients will require treatment with a combination of antihypertensive medicines, which have adverse effects on the body's different organs. This study specifically focused on antihypertensive multi-drug induced PU disease and disturbance of liver function. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During a 14-day oral administration of antihypertensive drugs, Cilnidipine (1 mg/kg), Rosuvastatin (1 mg/kg), Bisoprolol (0.52 mg/kg), and Clopidogrel (7.81 mg/kg) were observed for their effects on the stomach lining and liver function in Wister albino rats. This study aimed to assess the potential of an herbal combination of (BO) + (BA) + (ZO) 0.26 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) Powder and water mixture on the ulcer, lipid profile, and liver function for 14 days in the treatment of the indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers in rats at doses of 30 mg/kg b.w. for three days. Esomeprazole (20 mg/kg b.w.) is used as a standard reference to evaluate antiulcer activity in rat models. The experiment suggests that the gastroprotective effect of the herbal combination can be attributed to its reducing effect on the peptic and the Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT) levels and within the normal range of 34.67 ± 0.88 IU/L. RESULTS: The results for Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), High density lipoprotein (HDL) and Low density of lipoprotein (LDL) of the herbal combination were 52 ± 9.81495 (mg/dl), 70 ± 12.12435 (mg/dl), 23.33 ± 6.06446 (mg/dl), 14.5 ± 1.32790 (mg/dl), respectively, where the standard group (atorvastatin) 5 mg/kg TC, TG, HDL and LDL were 69.77 ± 9.92 (mg/dl), 47.7 ± 10.35 (mg/dl), 33.43 ± 5.70 (mg/dl), 26.8 ± 3.70 (mg/dl), and control group total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL were 68.67 ± 2.20 (mg/dl), 124.07 ± 2.94 (mg/dl), 49.14 ± 1.05 (mg/dl), 54.11 ± 1.15 (mg/dl). CONCLUSIONS: This investigation reported that antihypertensive drugs did not produce gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity, and the morphological structure of the organ was not changed. So, it could be concluded that the herbal combination used in this experiment has a promising role in controlling lipid profile, liver function, and antiulcer effects. Moreover, multiple drug therapy for hypertension does not cause any harm to the stomach. Further investigations might be carried out on a larger scale to make these statements more valid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic, relapsing disorder. In this era of modern and fast-track lifestyle and food habits, the incidence of GERD is rapidly increasing. Currently, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the primary choice of treatment. However, the associated side effects and a high relapse rate give rise to the need to explore alternative therapies. Objective: The study aimed to evaluate HAGE-101912, an herbal combination, in different experimental models of GERD. Methods: Antacid activity was assessed based on H+/K+ATPase inhibitory activity of parietal cells using artificial gastric juice. Tonic contraction of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) was evaluated using an AD Instrument. A GERD model of the pylorus and fundus ligation (preventive and curative models) in rats was selected to assess the efficacy of HAGE-101912 at a dose of 250 mg/kg body weight, and various parameters such as the gastric pH, gastric volume, total acidity, gross esophageal ulcer index, and histopathological changes were evaluated. The prokinetic activity was assessed using the phenol red method. Results: HAGE-101912 increased the acid-neutralizing capacity (P < 0.001), decreased H+/K+ATPase activity (P < 0.01), and increased the contraction of the LES. In the preventive model, HAGE-101912 significantly reduced the gastric acid volume (P < 0.01), total acidity (P < 0.001), and gross esophageal ulcer index (P < 0.01); increased the gastric acid pH (P < 0.01); and protected the esophageal epithelium. In addition, HAGE-101912 increased gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit through its prokinetic activity (P < 0.05). Conclusion: HAGE-101912 has a beneficial effect in GERD as it effectively inhibits the H+/K+ATPase, increases the gastric pH, restores the LES function, protects the esophageal epithelium, and increases gastric emptying and transit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The network pharmacology (NP) approach is a valuable novel methodology for understanding the complex pharmacological mechanisms of medicinal herbs. In addition, various in silico analysis techniques combined with the NP can improve the understanding of various issues used in natural product research. This study assessed the therapeutic effects of Arum ternata (AT), Poria cocos (PC), and Zingiber officinale (ZO) on hyperlipidemia after network pharmacologic analysis. A protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of forty-one key targets was analyzed to discover core functional clusters of the herbal compounds. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and gene ontology (GO) term enrichment analysis identified significant categories of hypolipidemic mechanisms. The STITCH database indicated a high connection with several statin drugs, deduced by the similarity in targets. AT, PC, and ZO regulated the genes related to the energy metabolism and lipogenesis in HepG2 cells loaded with free fatty acids (FFAs). Furthermore, the mixture of three herbs had a combinational effect. The herbal combination exerted superior efficacy compared to a single herb, particularly in regulating acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1). In conclusion, the network pharmacologic approach was used to assess potential targets of the herbal combination for treatment. Experimental data from FFA-induced HepG2 cells suggested that the combination of AT, PC, and ZO might attenuate hyperlipidemia and its associated hepatic steatosis.

Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic, relapsing disorder. In this era of modern and fast-track lifestyle and food habits, the incidence of GERD is rapidly increasing. Currently, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the primary choice of treatment. However, the associated side effects and a high relapse rate give rise to the need to explore alternative therapies. Objective: The study aimed to evaluate HAGE-101912, an herbal combination, in different experimental models of GERD. Methods: Antacid activity was assessed based on H+/K+ATPase inhibitory activity of parietal cells using artificial gastric juice. Tonic contraction of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) was evaluated using an AD Instrument. A GERD model of the pylorus and fundus ligation (preventive and curative models) in rats was selected to assess the efficacy of HAGE-101912 at a dose of 250 mg/kg body weight, and various parameters such as the gastric pH, gastric volume, total acidity, gross esophageal ulcer index, and histopathological changes were evaluated. The prokinetic activity was assessed using the phenol red method. Results: HAGE-101912 increased the acid-neutralizing capacity (P < 0.001), decreased H+/K+ATPase activity (P < 0.01), and increased the contraction of the LES. In the preventive model, HAGE-101912 significantly reduced the gastric acid volume (P < 0.01), total acidity (P < 0.001), and gross esophageal ulcer index (P < 0.01); increased the gastric acid pH (P < 0.01); and protected the esophageal epithelium. In addition, HAGE-101912 increased gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit through its prokinetic activity (P < 0.05). Conclusion: HAGE-101912 has a beneficial effect in GERD as it effectively inhibits the H+/K+ATPase, increases the gastric pH, restores the LES function, protects the esophageal epithelium, and increases gastric emptying and transit.

Since ancient time, plants and there parts have been used widely against dreadful pathogens due to ability of killing microbes. Waste from fruits and vegetables are pulling in more interest in exploration due to their therapeutic properties such as anti-pathogenic activity. In the present study antimicrobial and cytotoxicity properties of herbal combination prepared from peels of Allium cepa, Cucumis sativus, Citrus reticulata, and Mangifera indica were investigated. The herbal combination was tested for broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans, Bacillus licheniformis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Citrobacter freundii. The presence of phytochemical markers such as phenolics and flavanoids were also investigated. The results revealed that the herbal combination exhibited antimicrobial activity against S. mutans, B. licheniformis, L. plantarum, E. coli and moderate against P. aeruginosa and C. freundii. The presence of phenolics (798 ± 1.52 µg/g) and flavanoids (355.3 ± 2.081 µg/g) was also detected. Also, the herbal combination contains flavanoids such as quercetin and rutin was confirmed with the help of column chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) analysis. The herbal combination helps in the proliferation of L929 cells without affecting their viability was confirmed by MTT assay. The results of the present research suggests the possibility to use herbal combination as source for plausible antibacterial agent which could be isolated and used as a lead candidate for the development of antibacterial drug that help to limit or stop infectious illnesses caused by different pathogenic microbes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pacific whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is a very important commodity, which accounts for almost 70% of the total world shrimp production. However, this production is still threatened by disease attacks, one of which is caused by white spot disease (WSD). Herbs are widely used as immunostimulants in an effort to prevent diseases. Black cumin (Nigella sativa) and stone breaker (Phyllanthus niruri) have long been known as excellent immunostimulants in humans. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of N. sativa and its combination with P. niruri as an immunostimulant in L. vannamei for preventing WSD. Tested shrimp (±3.0 g) were treated with N. sativa (N), P. niruri (P) and the combination of both (1N:1P, 2/3N:1/3P, 3/4N:1/4P, 1/3N:2/3, 3/5N:2/5P, 1/4N: 3/4P, 2/5N:3/5P) through the feed for 28 days. They were then infected by the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and observed for 7 days. The parameters observed included immune response and production performance. N. sativa was able to reduce the mortality of test shrimp infected with WSSV, with an RPS value of 71%. N. sativa can be combined with P. niruri in the right composition (1/2N:1/2P and 2/3N:1/3P), while the other combinations are antagonistic. The administration of the best treatments in this study relatively did not affect the value of total hemocyte count, phenoloxidase activity, respiratory burst activity, hemolymph clotting time and production performance of tested shrimp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, and beta cell dysfunction, often leading to chronic hyperglycemia and associated complications. Berberis asiatica ( BA ) and Withania somnifera ( WS ) are ancient medicinal plants with a reputation for having potential therapeutic effects in diabetes management. The purpose of this study was to look into how body weight (BW) was affected in streptozotocin-nicotinamide (STZ-NIC) induced T2DM in Wistar rats by BA , WS , and their polyherbal combination (PHC). Materials and methods Seventy-eight Wistar rats of both sexes were divided into 13 groups, with six rats in each group, including normal and diabetic controls, and treated with varying doses of BA , WS , and PHC. The rats were under observation over the course of 35 days for any change in BW. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) rules and guidelines were followed in the conduct of acute toxicity tests. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey-Kramer post hoc tests, was used for statistical analysis. Results The findings indicated that the highest dose of BA (1000 mg/kg) significantly improved BW in diabetic rats, approaching that of the normal control group. The combination of BA and WS also demonstrated significant improvements in BW, suggesting a synergistic effect. The standard antidiabetic drugs, metformin and glimepiride, were effective in increasing BW in diabetic rats. Conclusion The study concludes that BA , WS , and their combination have a positive impact on BW management in T2DM rats, with the combination therapy showing enhanced effects. These findings support the potential utilization of these herbs in managing BW and other T2DM-associated metabolic disturbances and abnormalities., Competing Interests: Human subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve human participants or tissue. Animal subjects: Institutional Animal Ethics Committee of Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Reg. no. 255/PO/REBi/S/2000/CPCSEA Issued protocol number IAEC/KIMS/2021/16. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Tiwari et al.)

Context Nephrotoxicity is a renal dysfunction that arises from direct exposure to environmental chemicals or as a side effect of therapeutic drugs. Boerhaavia diffusa Linn. (Nyctaginaceae), Rheum emodi Wall. Ex. Meissn. (Polygonaceae), Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (Nelumbonaceae) and Crataeva nurvala Buch-Ham. (Capparidaceae) are well-recognized medicinal plants of Indian traditional system of medicine used for kidney disorders. Objectives The present investigation was undertaken to develop a chromatographically characterized polyherbal combination and to evaluate its nephroprotective activity. Materials and methods Roots of B. diffusa and R. emodi, flowers of N. nucifera and stem bark of C. nurvala were extracted by decoction using 70% ethanol. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for the optimization of extraction parameters. Polyherbal combinations with different doses (150–300 mg/kg) were tested against methotrexate-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats. Results The optimized extract contained 27% phenols and 15% flavonoids, which showed 75% 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging potential. Based on the retention time of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, 17 out of 122 constituents were found common in all extracts and combinations. Two combinations showed significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) DPPH scavenging potential and xanthine oxidase inhibition. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the best combination for DPPH scavenging and xanthine oxidase inhibition were 80 and 74 µg/mL, respectively. Treatment of methotrexate-induced nephrotoxic rats with polyherbal combination significantly (p ≤ 0.05) improved the kidney function markers, oxidative stress markers and histological parameters. Discussion and conclusion The developed combination was found to be effective in nephrotoxicity; it can be explored further for the management of drug-induced nephrotoxicity and other chronic kidney diseases.

A three-month-old, intact male Maltese dog was presented to the hospital with lethargy after taking a human medication, Motilitone. Physical examination, including a neurological examination, revealed no remarkable findings, but cholinergic crisis symptoms appeared gradually. Blood and radiological examinations showed no remarkable findings. The dog was tentatively diagnosed with a cholinergic crisis associated with Motilitone intake. Treatment included intravenous administration of atropine (0.02 mg/kg) every 30 minutes and supportive fluid therapy. After 12 hours of treatment, the patient’s clinical signs were resolved. This is the first case report describing Motilitone toxicity in a dog. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nephrotoxicity is a renal dysfunction that arises from direct exposure to environmental chemicals or as a side effect of therapeutic drugs. Boerhaavia diffusa Linn. (Nyctaginaceae), Rheum emodi Wall. Ex. Meissn. (Polygonaceae), Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (Nelumbonaceae) and Crataeva nurvala Buch-Ham. (Capparidaceae) are well-recognized medicinal plants of Indian traditional system of medicine used for kidney disorders. The present investigation was undertaken to develop a chromatographically characterized polyherbal combination and to evaluate its nephroprotective activity. Roots of B. diffusa and R. emodi, flowers of N. nucifera and stem bark of C. nurvala were extracted by decoction using 70% ethanol. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for the optimization of extraction parameters. Polyherbal combinations with different doses (150–300 mg/kg) were tested against methotrexate-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats. The optimized extract contained 27% phenols and 15% flavonoids, which showed 75% 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging potential. Based on the retention time of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, 17 out of 122 constituents were found common in all extracts and combinations. Two combinations showed significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) DPPH scavenging potential and xanthine oxidase inhibition. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the best combination for DPPH scavenging and xanthine oxidase inhibition were 80 and 74 µg/mL, respectively. Treatment of methotrexate-induced nephrotoxic rats with polyherbal combination significantly (p ≤ 0.05) improved the kidney function markers, oxidative stress markers and histological parameters. The developed combination was found to be effective in nephrotoxicity; it can be explored further for the management of drug-induced nephrotoxicity and other chronic kidney diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anorexia and cachexia are one of the major problems in patients suffering from advanced malignancies. Objectives: This study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of herbal combination containing Fenugreek, Fennel, and Chicory supplementation to the high-dose megestrol for the treatment of cancer-induced cachexia and anorexia. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on 47 adult patients with advanced malignancy; they experienced anorexia and weight loss over the 2 past months and referred to a university-affiliated hospital (Omid) in Isfahan, Iran. Patients who had met the inclusion criteria were assigned to take either herbal combination or placebo tablets in addition to megestrol (160mgdaily) for a 2-month follow-up. All patients' demographic information, weight changes, anthropometric indices, as well as the quality of life criteria were recorded at the baseline and after the duration of follow-up. Results: Patients in the herbal combination group experienced ameanweight gain of 1.5 kg, while patients in the placebo group had anaverage weight loss of 0.6 kg. Anthropometric indices including triceps skinfold thickness, mid-armmuscle circumference index, and grip strength were significantly improved in the herbal combination group. The other evaluated criteria such as quality of life, functional assessment of anorexia/cachexia therapy (FAACT), and some factors of Anderson criteria were significantly improved in the herbal combination group than the placebo group. Conclusions: Given the ameliorated results of the herbal combination supplementation in terms of weight gain and appetite improvement, as well as physical and quality of life enhancement, it seems that the herbal combination can be used as an adjunctive treatment for the management of patients suffering from cancer-induced cachexia and anorexia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite having current advanced therapy, vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) remains a common yet debated healthcare-associated topic worldwide due to multi-drug resistance Candida species. In our review, we outlined and highlighted upcoming values with scope of existing and emerging information regarding the possibility of using various natural molecules combined with modern technology that shows promising anti-candida activity in VVC. Furthermore, in this review, we compiled herbal drug molecules and their nanocarriers approach for enhancing the efficacy and stability of herbal molecules. We have also summarized the patent literature available on herbal drug molecules and their nanoformulation techniques that could alternatively become a new innovative era to combat resistance VVC.

Aim: Compare the efficacy of triple antibiotic paste (TAP), herbal extracts, and camphorated monochlorophenol (CMCP) as intracanal medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis ( E. faecalis ) in deciduous molars., Materials and Methods: A total of 60 samples were collected from canals of first and second molars of 4-10-year-old children, with more than two-thirds root length, and fitting the inclusion criteria. Samples were collected at three intervals-S1 was collected just after access opening, S2 was collected after biomechanical preparation (BMP) and irrigation, and just before placement of medicament. Randomization was done to place the medicaments into three groups: group I-CMCP, group II-TAP, and group III-herbal combination. Sample S3 was taken 48 hours after removal of medicament from the canals. The collected samples were transported via Amies media to the laboratory, where they were anaerobically incubated for 24 hours. Growth of E. Faecalis was observed, and manual counting of the colony-forming unit (CFU) was done. The change in CFU in all samples was calculated, and the results were statistically analyzed., Results: The results show that there is a change from S1 (TAP = 118.67 ± 122.48, herbal = 109.07 ± 106.43; CMCP = 110.73 ± 120.53) to S2 (TAP = 34.13 ± 63.47; herbal = 27.67 ± 39.39; CMCP = 16.40 ± 26.32) and S3 (TAP = 12.33 ± 24.82; herbal = 4.73 ± 12.78; CMCP = 3.40 ± 7.12). It is seen that there is a significant difference seen from S1 to S2 in all three groups ( p ≤ 0.05) using repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. This shows that all three medicaments were effective in reducing bacterial counts of E. Faecalis from sample S1 (pre) to S3 (post) significantly after exposure to root canal bacterial flora for 48 hours (2 days). The pairwise comparison of the change in CFU within each group, S1-S3, also shows significant changes. There is a significant decrease in CFU seen from S1 to S2 and S1 to S3 but not from S2 to S3 for all three groups, which was evaluated using the post hoc Bonferroni test. It was also observed that in between the canals, although there was a change from S1 to S3 in terms of the CFU, there was no significant difference in the decrease in the bacterial count when intercanal comparison was made. There was, however, a change that was seen to be significant when values from each canal were compared from S1 to S3., Conclusion: All three medicaments have successfully shown a decrease in the numbers of E. faecalis, which the study aimed at checking. Although the effect varied intergroups, it was mild, so herbal alternatives could be used instead of antibiotics and CMCP. Also, because the local application is effective in controlling interappointment flare-ups, the medicaments can be successfully given without having to prescribe systemic antibiotics., How to Cite This Article: Tawde MM, Lakade L, Patil S, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Triple Antibiotic Paste Herbal Combination and Camphorated Monochlorophenol as Intracanal Medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis in Deciduous Molars: An In Vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(3):243-254., Competing Interests: Source of support: Nil Conflict of interest: NoneConflict of interest: None, (Copyright © 2024; The Author(s).)

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HT048 is a combination composed of Crataegus pinnatifida leaf and Citrus unshiu peel extracts. This study aimed to investigate potential anti-obesity effect of the combination. The 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with different doses of HT048 and triglyceride accumulation, glycerol release and adipogenesis-related genes were analyzed. For in vivo study, male Sprague Dawley rats were divided according to experimental diets: the chow diet group, the high-fat diet (HFD) group, the HFD supplemented with orlistat group, the HFD supplemented with HT048 group (0.2% or 0.4%) for 12 weeks. We measured the body weight, serum lipid levels and the expression of genes involved lipid metabolism. HT048 treatment dose-dependently suppressed adipocyte differentiation and stimulated glycerol release. The expressions of PPARγ and C/EBPα mRNA were decreased by HT048 treatment in adipocytes. HT048 supplementation significantly reduced the body and fat weights in vivo. Serum lipid levels were significantly lower in the HT048 supplemented groups than those of the HFD group. Expression of the hepatic lipogenesis-related genes were decreased and expression of the β-oxidation-related genes were increased in rats fed HT048 compared to that of animals fed HFD. These results suggest that HT048 has a potential benefit in preventing obesity through the inhibition of lipogenesis and adipogenesis.

Background: Agents currently used for the treatment and prevention of thrombosis have a number of side effects. We conducted this study to develop antithrombotic agents from herbs that are used in food. Methods: The 80% (v/v) ethanol extracts of Phyllostachys pubescens leaf (PL) and Mume Fructus (MF) and their combinations—2:1 (PM21), 1:1 (PM11), and 1:2 (PM12)—were evaluated on rat platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) in vitro and on arteriovenous shunt thrombosis after 3 days of oral treatment in rats in vivo. Results: At 100 μg/mL, PM21 and PM11 inhibited in vitro ADP-induced aggregation by 44.0 ± 4.3% and 30.0 ± 3.2%, respectively, whereas PL, MF, and PM12 weakly or scarcely inhibited ADP-induced aggregation by 3.9 ± 3.2%, 13.0 ± 2.7%, and 5.2 ± 1.3%, respectively. The IC50 values of PM21 on ADP-, collagen-, and thrombin-induced platelet aggregations were 135.6 ± 7.4 μg/mL, 142.7 ± 5.8 μg/mL, and 186.5 ± 9.7 μg/mL, respectively. In an in vivo rat arteriovenous-shunt thrombosis model, thrombus weight was significantly decreased after the oral administration of 400 mg/kg PL (27.8 ± 3.0%, p

This study evaluated the anti-obesity effects of HT048, a combination of C. pinnatifida fruit and C. unshiu peel extracts, in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats. 4-Week-old male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were divided into normal and high fat diet (HFD) groups. The HFD groups were further divided into five groups treated with distilled water, orlistat (40 mg/kg, twice daily, p.o) and HT048 (30, 100 and 300 mg/kg, twice daily, p.o.) for 12 weeks. Orlistat, an anti-obesity drug, was used as positive control in the HFD-induced obese rats. We measured the food intake, body weight, epididymal adipose tissue and liver weights, and serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels. The body weight and epididymal adipose tissue and liver weights of the HT048 100 and 300 mg/kg treated groups were significantly lower than that of the HFD control group. Also, serum TC, TG, ALT, and AST levels in the HT048 100 and 300 mg/kg treated groups were significantly decreased. Moreover, the orlistat treated group showed significantly reduced body weight and improved serum lipoprotein, compared with the HFD control group. These results show that HT048 supplements improved obesity-related body weight and serum lipoprotein parameters in a HFD-induced obese rat model.

The aim of present research work was to investigate the synergistic antioxidant potential of four medicinal plants. For this purpose, fifteen different herbal combinations were made statistically and antioxidant activity of individual plants and their combinations were evaluated. Relationship between antioxidant activity and polyphenolic and flavonoid contents was also checked. Among the four selected medicinal plants, gemmomodified extract of Terminalia arjuna showed the highest polyphenolic contents and the antioxidant activity whereas Crataegus exhibited the highest flavonoid contents. Out of fifteen different herbal combinations, 2nd combination, having the plant extracts ratio Cactus grandiflorous (C): Crataegus oxycantha (Cr): Piper nigrum (P.N) and Terminalia arjuna gemmo (T.A (g)) = 2:1:2:2 possessed highest total polyphenolic and flavonoid contents and the antioxidant activity. IC50 values revealed that the plants in combination possessed enhanced antioxidant activity as compared to the individual plant extracts. Phenolics were found as major contributor for the antioxidant activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The network pharmacology (NP) approach is a valuable novel methodology for understanding the complex pharmacological mechanisms of medicinal herbs. In addition, various in silico analysis techniques combined with the NP can improve the understanding of various issues used in natural product research. This study assessed the therapeutic effects of Arum ternata (AT), Poria cocos (PC), and Zingiber officinale (ZO) on hyperlipidemia after network pharmacologic analysis. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of forty-one key targets was analyzed to discover core functional clusters of the herbal compounds. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and gene ontology (GO) term enrichment analysis identified significant categories of hypolipidemic mechanisms. The STITCH database indicated a high connection with several statin drugs, deduced by the similarity in targets. AT, PC, and ZO regulated the genes related to the energy metabolism and lipogenesis in HepG2 cells loaded with free fatty acids (FFAs). Furthermore, the mixture of three herbs had a combinational effect. The herbal combination exerted superior efficacy compared to a single herb, particularly in regulating acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1). In conclusion, the network pharmacologic approach was used to assess potential targets of the herbal combination for treatment. Experimental data from FFA-induced HepG2 cells suggested that the combination of AT, PC, and ZO might attenuate hyperlipidemia and its associated hepatic steatosis.

Polyherbal formulation has been used all around the world due to its medicinal and therapeutic application. It has also known as polyherbal therapy or herb-herb combination. This article enlists some commercial and noncommercial polyherbal formulation all around the world. The authors have focused last six years of Publications on Polyherbal formulation in different countries and found that India have topped among the number of publications on polyherbal formulation followed by Nigeria, South Korea, Pakistan and Bangladesh. List of other countries also mentioned on scientific contribution of polyherbal therapy. The authors have mentioned list of publications on polyherbal formulation in the treatment of different diseases are based on pharmacological activity in the year 2015 and found that most polyherbal formulation found in the treatment of diabetes followed by an antioxidant. Hepatoprotective, Anti-inflammatory and anxiety disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A combination of extracts from chamomile, silverweed, licorice, angelica, blessed thistle and wormwood, Gastritol(®) Liquid, is registered for the use of indigestion and gastrointestinal spasmodic complaints. To gain data on the experience in practice, a non-interventional open study was conducted in ambulatory patients including diabetics which were treated for 2 weeks. The efficacy of treatment was assessed by medical examination and evaluation of typical symptoms by patients. A total of 149 patients was enrolled, 90 without and 59 with diabetes. The treatment led to relevant improvements in all symptoms in both study groups. The most notable improvements were seen for the symptoms vomiting (-66.7%; diabetics: -63.9%) and retching (-52.2%; diabetics: -53.6%). An overall improvement was rated by about 90% in both study groups. In seven patients adverse events had been reported (5 times temporary nausea after intake, one time gastric spasm and one time oral burning sensation), all of them of mild nature. The global tolerability was assessed as good or very good in more than 80% by practitioners and patients. Under the conditions of this open study method Gastritol(®) Liquid had been shown to be safe and effective in the treatment of mild gastrointestinal disorders, including diabetic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The herbal combination under study consists of Withania somnifera, Tribulus terrestris, Mucuna pruriens and Argyria speciosa. Present study is mainly designed to investigate the gross physical, sub-chronic, hematological and histopathological effects of the combination widely used for its stimulating, revitalizing and fertility boosting effects in Pakistan. Sub-chronic, hematological and histopathological outcomes of herbal combination were assessed on 27 albino rabbits weighing from 1000gm-1500gm after giving herbal combination for 60 days in two doses 27 and 81mg/kg against control. No significant toxicity was revealed during the entire period of study, however some biochemical changes were observed in kidney and liver but these changes did not coincide with histopathological findings. There was no mortality and evidence of systemic toxicity including hematological toxicity following 60 days administration of herbal combination. Results of present study suggest that further studies are required on large number of animals before reaching to a definite conclusion, more over clinical studies should also be conducted to confirm the possible toxic effects of the herbal combination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liver fibrosis is a chronic liver disease that can lead to cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma, and it is associated with long-term adverse outcomes and mortality. As a primary resource for complementary and alternative medicine, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has accumulated a large number of effective formulas for the treatment of liver fibrosis in clinical practice. However, studies on how to systematically optimize TCM formulas are still lacking. To provide a methodological reference for the systematic optimization of TCM formulae against liver fibrosis and explored the underlying molecular mechanisms; To provide an efficient method for searching for lead compounds from natural sources and developing from herbal medicines; To enable clinicians and patients to make more reasonable choices and promote the effective treatment toward those patients with liver fibrosis. TCM formulas related to treating liver fibrosis were collected from the Web of Science, PubMed, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wan Fang, and the Chinese Scientific Journals Database (VIP). Furthermore, the TCM compatibility patterns were mined using association analysis. The core TCM combinations were found by designing an optimized formulas algorithm. Finally, the hub target proteins, potential molecular mechanisms, and active compounds were explored through integrative pharmacology and docking-based inverse virtual screening (IVS) approaches. We found that the herbs for reinforcing deficiency, activating blood, removing blood stasis, and clearing heat were the basis of TCM formulae patterns. Furthermore, the combination of Salviae Miltiorrhizae (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge ; Chinese salvia/Danshen), Astragali Radix (Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge; Astragalus/Huangqi), and Radix Bupleuri (Bupleurum chinense DC.; Bupleurum/Chaihu) was identified as core groups. A total of six targets (TNF, STAT3, EGFR, IL2, ICAM1, PTGS2) play a pivotal role in TCM-mediated liver fibrosis inhibition. (−)-Cryptotanshinone, Tanshinaldehyde, Ononin, Thymol, Daidzein, and Formononetin were identified as active compounds in TCM. And mechanistically, TCM could affect the development of liver fibrosis by regulating inflammation, immunity, angiogenesis, antioxidants, and involvement in TNF, MicroRNAs, Jak-STAT, NF-kappa B, and C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) signaling pathways. Molecular docking results showed that key components had good potential to bind to the target genes. In summary, this study provides a methodological reference for the systematic optimization of TCM formulae and exploration of underlying molecular mechanisms. [Display omitted] • An integrated system to optimize drug use for liver fibrosis treatment was proposed. • An algorithm was developed to determine a threshold for identifying core herbs. • Triple-herbs form the basis of prescription patterns for treating liver fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the anti-obesity effects of HT048, a combination of C. pinnatifida fruit and C. unshiu peel extracts, in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats. 4-Week-old male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were divided into normal and high fat diet (HFD) groups. The HFD groups were further divided into five groups treated with distilled water, orlistat (40 mg/kg, twice daily, p.o) and HT048 (30, 100 and 300 mg/kg, twice daily, p.o.) for 12 weeks. Orlistat, an anti-obesity drug, was used as positive control in the HFD-induced obese rats. We measured the food intake, body weight, epididymal adipose tissue and liver weights, and serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels. The body weight and epididymal adipose tissue and liver weights of the HT048 100 and 300 mg/kg treated groups were significantly lower than that of the HFD control group. Also, serum TC, TG, ALT, and AST levels in the HT048 100 and 300 mg/kg treated groups were significantly decreased. Moreover, the orlistat treated group showed significantly reduced body weight and improved serum lipoprotein, compared with the HFD control group. These results show that HT048 supplements improved obesity-related body weight and serum lipoprotein parameters in a HFD-induced obese rat model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was designed to carry out comparative and combined studies to screen anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant and hypolipidemic studies of Ficus racemosa Linn. (Gular) fruit extract (FRE) and Aegle marmelos (Bael) root extract (AME) in various experimental models of ulcer. Diabetes was induced by Streptozotocin (STZ) 50 mg/kg intraperitoneally. Serum glucose levels were estimated using GOD-POD method. Total lipids, total cholesterol were estimated using kits. Other biochemical parameters like thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were estimated in liver and kidney homogenates spectrophotmetrically. FRE fruit extract has shown more degree of anti-hyperglycemic activity and anti-oxidant activity than AME root extract does. But, both have produced similar degree of hypolipidemic activity. Moreover, among the combinations A1, A2 & A3, combination A3 has shown more degree of efficacy at lower dose combinations than the individual biological effects of these two plant extracts. FRE fruit extract and AME root extract exhibits potent anti-hyperglycemic, anti-oxidative and anti-hyperlipidemic activity in STZ diabetic rats. There appears to be more beneficial outcome when these plant extracts are combined. These results support herbal combinations in the treatment of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides information on a study which assessed the effect of herbal combination on the hematological and serum biochemical profile of Osmanabadi goat kids. Topics covered include the materials used and methods applied in the study, the mean values of hematological parameters and biochemical parameters in different study and different interval of study and the obtained values of Serum total protein, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and Serum createnine.

HT048 is a combination composed of Crataegus pinnatifida leaf and Citrus unshiu peel extracts. This study aimed to investigate potential anti-obesity effect of the combination. The 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with different doses of HT048 and triglyceride accumulation, glycerol release and adipogenesis-related genes were analyzed. For in vivo study, male Sprague Dawley rats were divided according to experimental diets: the chow diet group, the high-fat diet (HFD) group, the HFD supplemented with orlistat group, the HFD supplemented with HT048 group (0.2% or 0.4%) for 12 weeks. We measured the body weight, serum lipid levels and the expression of genes involved lipid metabolism. HT048 treatment dose-dependently suppressed adipocyte differentiation and stimulated glycerol release. The expressions of PPARγ and C/EBPα mRNA were decreased by HT048 treatment in adipocytes. HT048 supplementation significantly reduced the body and fat weights in vivo. Serum lipid levels were significantly lower in the HT048 supplemented groups than those of the HFD group. Expression of the hepatic lipogenesis-related genes were decreased and expression of the β-oxidation-related genes were increased in rats fed HT048 compared to that of animals fed HFD. These results suggest that HT048 has a potential benefit in preventing obesity through the inhibition of lipogenesis and adipogenesis.

Background: Agents currently used for the treatment and prevention of thrombosis have a number of side effects. We conducted this study to develop antithrombotic agents from herbs that are used in food., Methods: The 80% (v/v) ethanol extracts of Phyllostachys pubescens leaf (PL) and Mume Fructus (MF) and their combinations-2:1 (PM21), 1:1 (PM11), and 1:2 (PM12)-were evaluated on rat platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) in vitro and on arteriovenous shunt thrombosis after 3 days of oral treatment in rats in vivo ., Results: At 100 μg/mL, PM21 and PM11 inhibited in vitro ADP-induced aggregation by 44.0 ± 4.3% and 30.0 ± 3.2%, respectively, whereas PL, MF, and PM12 weakly or scarcely inhibited ADP-induced aggregation by 3.9 ± 3.2%, 13.0 ± 2.7%, and 5.2 ± 1.3%, respectively. The IC 50 values of PM21 on ADP-, collagen-, and thrombin-induced platelet aggregations were 135.6 ± 7.4 μg/mL, 142.7 ± 5.8 μg/mL, and 186.5 ± 9.7 μg/mL, respectively. In an in vivo rat arteriovenous-shunt thrombosis model, thrombus weight was significantly decreased after the oral administration of 400 mg/kg PL (27.8 ± 3.0%, p  < 0.01) or MF (35.2 ± 2.1%, p  < 0.01), and with a good accord to the in vitro results, the combination of PL and MF in the ratio of 2:1, PM21 (60.9 ± 1.2%, p  < 0.001), showed a superior antithrombotic effect to those of individual extracts. At dosages of 200 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 50 mg/kg, PM21 dose-dependently decreased thrombosis weight (ED 50 , 314 mg/kg)., Conclusion: These results suggest that combination preparations of PL and MF, especially their 2:1 combination, can increase antiplatelet and antithromboticeffects more than PL and MF alone, offering evidence for a potential novel combination antithrombotic therapy.