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• The hemovigilance system in Chongqing, China has been established, could provide representative regional data for the nation. • VVR showed a higher prevalence among young people, first-time, college students, and donors who donated in moving vehicles. • Among first-time whole blood donors, stratified analysis revealed seasonal and gender variation within a same age group. Vasovagal reactions (VVR) are the most common adverse reactions in blood donation. This study aimed to provide and analyze the data of the regional hemovigilance system in Chongqing, China from 2020 to 2022, report the prevalence and explore the risk factors of VVR. R software (version 4.2.3) was used for all statistical analyses. Frequency and composition rates were used to describe the data of total donation, as well as data on the different types of ADR. The Chi-square test was used to analyze risk factors for VVR and inter-group comparisons of VVR stratified by gender (female/male), age (18–22; 23–29; 30–39; 40–49; 50–60) and season(Spring (Mar.-May.); Summer (Jun.-Aug.); Autumn (sep.-Nov.); Winter (Dec.-Feb.)). The reported incidence rate of VVR was 8.69‰ during whole blood donations and 1.02‰ during platelet-apheresis donations.The stratified analysis revealed that female donors aged 18–22 years old and 30–39 years old were reported to have lower VVR rates than male donors, oppositely, higher in females in 50–60 years old. Statistically significant differences in the incidence rate of VVR were observed between winter and summer, and between winter and spring in 18–49 years old. No seasonal variation was found in 50–60 years old. The reported incidence rate of VVR related to blood donation was very low and varied from those calculated by other haemovigilance systems. The higher prevalence of VVR in young, first-time donors, college students, donating in mobile vehicles, males and in spring. Among first-time donors, the prevalence of VVR was higher in males than in females; and stratified analysis revealed there were seasonal variation and gender differences within a same age group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La transfusion sanguine est toujours un support dans les situations d'urgence hémorragique traumatique comme elle l'est depuis plus d'un siècle, et elle l'est devenue dans certaines situations d'urgence médicale. Le profil des donneurs de sang s'est modifié au cours du xxe siècle et c'est très notable depuis les années 1950. Cependant, le profil des receveurs a également considérablement changé et évolue constamment, en particulier dans les situations où la transfusion représente une hémothérapie. En appui de cela, les produits sanguins bénéficient des progrès de la technique tant pour leur production que pour la prévention des effets indésirables qu'ils peuvent entraîner. La qualité et la surveillance des produits sanguins et de leur application a aussi conduit à de nouvelles disciplines, comme l'hémovigilance et de nouveaux protocoles comme la mise en œuvre de la gestion optimisée du sang et de sa gestion personnalisée. Deux sujets restent en suspens cependant, la promotion d'études cliniques mieux standardisées et ainsi plus informatives d'une part, et l'expansion de technologies innovatrices et de rupture pouvant un jour se substituer à la transfusion d'autre part. Dans ces circonstances, la transfusion sanguine est irremplaçable et le restera probablement pendant plusieurs décennies encore. Blood transfusion is still a support in traumatic hemorrhagic emergencies, as it has been for over a century, and has become so in certain medical emergencies. The profile of blood donors has evolved over the course of this century, most notably since the second half of the 20th century. However, the profile of recipients has also changed considerably and is constantly evolving, particularly in situations where transfusion is allocated through hemotherapy. In support of this, blood products benefit from technical advances both in their production and in the prevention of the undesirable effects they can cause. The quality and monitoring of blood products and their application has also led to new disciplines, such as hemovigilance, and new protocols, such as the implementation of optimized blood management and personalized blood management. Two issues remain unresolved, however: on the one hand, the promotion of more standardized and therefore more informative clinical studies, and on the other, the expansion of innovative, disruptive technologies that could one day replace transfusion. In these circumstances, blood transfusion is irreplaceable and will probably remain so for many decades to come. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Transfusion of blood and blood products is a double-edged sword, so it should be used judiciously. The primary aim of the centralized hemovigilance program is to improve transfusion safety. Aims and Objectives: To determine the frequency, distribution, and types of transfusion reactions (TRs) occurring in patients, reported to the blood center in a tertiary care hospital in North East India. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in State of The Art Model Blood Center, Assam Medical College and Hospital for 1 year from July 2022 to June 2023. Data were collected from TR records as per the hemovigilance reporting format and analyzed. Results: During the study, 38,165 blood products were issued. 41 (0.11%) TRs were recorded, out of which 25 (61%) occurred with packed red cell transfusion followed by whole blood transfusion (39%). The most common type was febrile non-hemolytic TR (51.2%) followed by allergic reactions (39%). Conclusion: The frequency of adverse TRs was low (0.11%), which may be due to the management of a few cases by the treating clinician itself. Most reactions occurred with packed red blood cells (PRBC) transfusion, the most common type being febrile non-hemolytic TR, which may be due to the presence of leukocytes, inflammatory mediators in leftover plasma during PRBC preparation, which can be standardized by the use of leukoreduced blood products. Hemovigilance will help to strengthen the quality and safety of blood transfusion.

The article focuses on the 25-year anniversary of the Serious Hazards of Blood Transfusion (SHOT) system and provides an appraisal and commentary on its effectiveness in improving transfusion safety. It discusses key achievements of SHOT, such as the reduction of ABO-incompatible deaths and the identification of critical incidents like TRALI (Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury).

Background Due to chemotherapy-induced neutropenia or hematologic malignancies, immunocompromised cancer patients may have higher incidence of febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions compared with the general population and frequently require platelet transfusions. This quality improvement project compared the safety of transfusion using prestorage leukocyte-reduced and pooled whole blood–derived platelets (Acrodose/WBD) with conventionally produced poststorage WBD platelets (RDP) using an active hemovigilance system. Methods Every patient receiving a blood product at the hospital was virtually monitored in real time by trained nurses from a remote hemovigilance unit. These nurses monitor a digital dashboard, which populates a watch list of patients from the time blood product administration is initiated until 12 hours posttransfusion. Over the course of 6 months, 371 patients receiving 792 RDP transfusions and 423 patients receiving 780 Acrodose/WBD platelets transfusions were monitored for transfusion reactions. Results We identified 26 transfusion reactions in RDP but only 12 transfusion reactions in the Acrodose/WBD platelet group. Conclusion Acrodose platelet transfusion was associated with fewer transfusion reactions, which resulted in significant cost savings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite their use in life-saving treatment, blood and blood products can cause life-threatening complications. To administer blood transfusion safely, national guidelines and protocols should be consulted in healthcare organizations. In Türkiye, there are guides and regulations published by the Ministry of Health. With the definition of hemovigilance in the regulations; training in clinical use of blood and transfusion practice fields is now mandatory. This study presents data from a survey designed to assess transfusion knowledge levels of clinical departments for the purpose of planning our training programs. A two-part survey was conducted on 110 nurses from various departments. Questions included sociodemographic attributes, department they worked in, employment duration, knowledge level on transfusion practices. Statistical analysis was performed. Of the nurses that participated; 52.7% were above 40 years old, 15.5% were 31–40 years old and 31.8% were below 30 years old. For education; 84.5% of the nurses were graduates or postgraduates. For work experience; 64.5% were working in internal medicine departments, 58.2% had been working as a nurse for 10 or more years while 85.5% worked in the same department for less than 5 years. It was determined that the nurses should know more about transfusion. Beginner nurses in the intense care unit were found to have lower levels of transfusion practice knowledge, from this it was deduced additional training should be scheduled for beginner nurses with low transfusion knowledge. In addition to theoretical instructions, one-on-one training on operation controls and "observation and guidance" style practical training should be implemented. Theoretical and practical topics with inadequate knowledge should be instructed in finer detail to increase the knowledge level in these subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Early identification of a transfusion-associated adverse event (TAAE) is key to patient safety. Research has indicated that use of a TAAE checklist resulted in greater frequency of TAAE recognition behaviors. Purpose: To explore whether use of a TAAE checklist resulted in greater frequency of TAAE recognition behaviors among nursing students. Methods: A prospective, randomized controlled study was conducted with 62 nursing students playing the role of a registered nurse in a simulation of a patient exhibiting clinical indicators of a TAAE. Subjects were randomly assigned to have or not have a TAAE checklist. Time to recognition of the TAAE was measured. Results: The checklist group (CG) identified TAAEs on average 4 minutes sooner than the non-CG (P <.001). CG subjects were also significantly less likely to miss TAAEs completely. Conclusions: A checklist may improve the safety of transfusions by promoting earlier recognition and treatment of TAAEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Transfusion‐related errors are largely preventable but may lead to blood product wastage and adverse reactions, resulting in patient harm. In the United States, the incidence of transfusion‐related errors is poorly understood nationally. We used data from the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) Hemovigilance Module to describe and quantify transfusion‐related errors, as well as associated transfusion‐related adverse reactions and blood product wastage. Methods: During 2014–2022, data from the NHSN Hemovigilance Module were used to analyze errors, including near misses (errors with no transfusion), incidents (errors with transfusion), and associated serious adverse reactions (severe, life‐threatening, or death). Results: During 2014–2022, 80 acute care facilities (75 adult; 5 pediatric) reported 63,900 errors. Most errors occurred during patient blood sample collection (21,761, 34.1%) and blood sample handling (16,277, 25.5%). Less than one‐fifth of reported errors (9822, 15.4%) had a completed incident form. Of those, 8780 (89.3%) were near misses and 1042 (10.7%) incidents. More than a third of near misses (3363, 38.3%) were associated with a discarded blood product, resulting in 4862 discarded components. Overall, 87 adverse reactions were associated with errors; six (7%) were serious. Conclusions: Over half of the transfusion‐related errors reported to the Hemovigilance Module occurred during blood sample collection or sample handling. Some serious adverse reactions identified were associated with errors, suggesting that additional safety interventions may be beneficial. Increased participation in the Hemovigilance Module could enhance generalizability and further inform policy development regarding error prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Correct classification of transfusion reactions is important not only for effective patient care and donor management but also for accurate tracking of events in hemovigilance systems. We compared the ability of a generative artificial intelligence (AI) system to correctly diagnose hypothetical clinical situations as transfusion reactions in comparison to previous studies reporting the accuracy of transfusion medicine (TM) specialists in assessing these cases. Methods: An AI system was requested to assess 36 case scenarios to provide a diagnosis, severity, and imputability of the transfusion reactions using the CDC National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) criteria. Responses were compared to an expert panel's classifications and to the published responses of a panel of TM specialists. Additionally, the AI's responses were compared to the TM specialists' prior attempts to use the TrDDx web‐based algorithm for the five most challenging cases. Results: The AI's classification accuracy varied widely depending on the NHSN category. The AI accurately classified all transfusion‐associated circulatory overload and transfusion‐related acute lung injury cases, exceeding TM specialists' assessments. Conversely, it did not correctly identify any cases in select NHSN categories such as DSTR. Overall accuracy among all diagnostic categories was 48.7% for AI responses versus 72.1% for prior TM specialist responses (p = 0.005). AI‐generated responses included non‐standard terminology, limited severity assessments, and no imputability determinations. Discussion: A generative AI system may have a role in helping healthcare providers to consider transfusion reaction categories that might be missed, but caution is advised in applying the AI's output to transfusion reaction classification at present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Transfusion of blood and blood products is a double-edged sword, so it should be used judiciously. The primary aim of the centralized hemovigilance program is to improve transfusion safety. Aims and Objectives: To determine the frequency, distribution, and types of transfusion reactions (TRs) occurring in patients, reported to the blood center in a tertiary care hospital in North East India. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in State of The Art Model Blood Center, Assam Medical College and Hospital for 1 year from July 2022 to June 2023. Data were collected from TR records as per the hemovigilance reporting format and analyzed. Results: During the study, 38,165 blood products were issued. 41 (0.11%) TRs were recorded, out of which 25 (61%) occurred with packed red cell transfusion followed by whole blood transfusion (39%). The most common type was febrile non-hemolytic TR (51.2%) followed by allergic reactions (39%). Conclusion: The frequency of adverse TRs was low (0.11%), which may be due to the management of a few cases by the treating clinician itself. Most reactions occurred with packed red blood cells (PRBC) transfusion, the most common type being febrile non-hemolytic TR, which may be due to the presence of leukocytes, inflammatory mediators in leftover plasma during PRBC preparation, which can be standardized by the use of leukoreduced blood products. Hemovigilance will help to strengthen the quality and safety of blood transfusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Use of the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) has been essential to the success of the Massachusetts Hemovigilance Program and has allowed for the timely identification of signals and trends over a defined population that correlate with national and international hemovigilance (HV) data. Here, we outline how the NHSN system is used for monitoring HV data in Massachusetts and encourage adoption of NHSN for nationwide HV surveillance. Study Design and Methods: A collaboration that grew over time between local HV stakeholders and the Massachusetts Department of Public Health (MDPH) resulted in the change from a paper‐based method of reporting adverse reactions and monthly transfusion activity for compliance with state requirements to replacement with statewide adoption of reporting via NHSN. Results: Over 1.5 million blood products were transfused in Massachusetts between 2017 and 2021, with 3000 adverse reactions among 10 defined types reported. Using NHSN, MDPH has been able to produce numerous reports, publications, and presentations that have made previously non‐obtainable HV and blood utilization data available. Discussion: Although limitations to these self‐reported data exist, such as lack of external validation, successful statewide implementation of NHSN for hospital blood bank reporting is possible and has benefits beyond those for regulatory oversight. It results in standardized, actionable data at both the hospital and state level, enabling inter‐facility comparisons, benchmarking, and opportunities for practice improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background and purpose Hemovigilance is a set of monitoring methods that covers the blood transfusion chain, from collecting blood and blood products to monitoring the blood recipients. To this end, any error in this process can have serious and irreparable consequences for patients. The present study aimed to investigate the quality of hemovigilance process in Iran, using the first two steps of Six Sigma model. Methods This was a quantitative cross-sectional study that was conducted over 6 months (from August 20, 2021, to February 20, 2022) at Afzalipour Hospital in Iran, using the first two steps of Six Sigma model. The study population comprised of all inpatients who needed blood or blood product transfusion in various departments of Afzalipour Hospital, among whom 477 patients were selected via stratified sampling in three shifts (morning, evening, and night). The datasheet was used to record errors in the three shifts. This research was conducted, using the DMAIC cycle’s “define” and “measure” steps. Results In the define step, the hemovigilance process at Afzalipour Hospital was divided into two categories of normal process and emergency process. Each of these processes consists of several sub-processes, including “phlebotomy,“ “requesting blood and blood products from the department,“ “preparation of application by the blood bank,“ " sending a request from the blood bank to the blood transfusion center,“ “transfusing blood and blood products,“ and “returning the blood and blood products to the blood bank and waste disposal.“ In the measure step, the quality of hemovigilance process was evaluated based on sub-processes and labels at morning, evening and night shifts. The sub-process of sending a request from the blood bank to the blood transfusion center had the highest error rate with a sigma level of 1.5. Also, the evening and night shifts had a sigma level of 1.875, and the clinical and registration labels had a sigma level of 1.875. The overall sigma level of hemovigilance process was calculated to be 2. Conclusion The results of this study showed that the quality of hemovigilance process at Afzalipour Hospital was poor. By employing the first two steps of Six Sigma method, we identified the existing errors in the hemovigilance process of Afzalipour hospital in order to assist hospital managers to take the necessary measures to improve this process.

Elisabeth Nitsche,1,2 Jan Dreßler,2,&ast; Reinhard Henschler1,&ast; 1Department of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany; 2Department of Quality Control, Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Reinhard Henschler, Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Johannisallee 32, Leipzig, Saxony, 04103, Germany, Tel +49 341 97 25300, Email Reinhard.Henschler@medizin.uni-leipzig.deIntroduction: Reporting of transfusion reactions is good practice and required by many guidelines. Errors in the transfusion chain can also lead to severe patient reactions and depend on active error reporting. We aimed to characterize transfusion incidents and asked whether workup of transfusion reactions may also contribute to revealing logistical errors.Methods: Transfusion medical records from 2011 to 2019 at our tertiary medical centre, as well as forensic autopsy reports, digitized sections, and court records from 1990 to 2019 were analysed. A total of 230,845 components were transfused between 2011 and 2019 at our own institution.Results: Overall, 322 transfusion incidents were reported. Of these, 279 were from our own institution, corresponding to a frequency of 0.12% of all transfusions. The distribution of reaction types is consistent with the literature, with allergic reactions (55.9%), febrile-non-hemolytic reactions (FNHTR, 24.2%), hemolytic reactions (3.4%) and other types at smaller frequencies (< 3%). Twenty-nine (10.4%) of the 279 reports revealed logistical errors, including hemoglobin above guideline threshold (4.3%), incorrect or non-performed bedside tests (3.2%), inadequate patient identification (2.5%), laboratory and issuing errors, missed product checks or failure to follow recommendations (1.1% each). Eight of 29 (27.5%) of the logistical errors were detected by serendipity during workup of incident reports. In addition, 8/932 autopsy cases under code A14 (medical treatment errors) were found to be transfusion-associated (0.9%).Conclusion: Systematic workup of transfusion incidents can identify previously undetected errors in the transfusion chain. Passive reporting of errors through the recording of side effects may serve as a tool to assess more closely assess the frequency and quality of handling errors in real life, and thus serve to improve patient safety.Keywords: adverse transfusion reactions, near miss, hemovigilance, allergic transfusion reaction

Blood and blood (plasma) products amuse oneself a crucial function in existence of person's life. In the approach of rigorous science and technology development there is no course of action to produce feigned bases of human blood, hence no substitute for human blood till now. Annually, the millions of patient's lives are safeguard by modern health care services such cases like surgeries, cancer treatment, trauma, organ transplantation and during childbirth. The role of (Centre for biological evaluation and research) which was organized by Food and Drug Administration, the World Health Organization protects the public health by secure and supply of biological products whenever is needed and also provided expedient information about biological products. Evaluation criteria for national blood regulatory system "blood regulation network" that describes about divine rights and functions of integrated blood regulations. The interior consequence includes authorization of blood firm marketing, benchmark of clinical investigation, complete data regarding patient blood management. Though, the strict or precise regulatory framework is not yet provided. The corona virus disease-2019 epidemic has wreaked havoc on several countries health-care systems. The voluntary blood donation camps were discontinued due to early government measures such as widespread lockdown and restriction strategies toward public gatherings. This study examines the recorded regulatory guidelines in case of blood and blood products, in addition of hemovigilance, as set forth by the United States food and drug administration, the Europe, and India, as well as the scenario during corona virus disease-2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Hemovigilance is a set of monitoring methods that covers the blood transfusion chain, from collecting blood and blood products to monitoring the blood recipients. To this end, any error in this process can have serious and irreparable consequences for patients. The present study aimed to investigate the quality of hemovigilance process in Iran, using the first two steps of Six Sigma model. Methods: This was a quantitative cross-sectional study that was conducted over 6 months (from August 20, 2021, to February 20, 2022) at Afzalipour Hospital in Iran, using the first two steps of Six Sigma model. The study population comprised of all inpatients who needed blood or blood product transfusion in various departments of Afzalipour Hospital, among whom 477 patients were selected via stratified sampling in three shifts (morning, evening, and night). The datasheet was used to record errors in the three shifts. This research was conducted, using the DMAIC cycle's "define" and "measure" steps. Results: In the define step, the hemovigilance process at Afzalipour Hospital was divided into two categories of normal process and emergency process. Each of these processes consists of several sub-processes, including "phlebotomy," "requesting blood and blood products from the department," "preparation of application by the blood bank," " sending a request from the blood bank to the blood transfusion center," "transfusing blood and blood products," and "returning the blood and blood products to the blood bank and waste disposal." In the measure step, the quality of hemovigilance process was evaluated based on sub-processes and labels at morning, evening and night shifts. The sub-process of sending a request from the blood bank to the blood transfusion center had the highest error rate with a sigma level of 1.5. Also, the evening and night shifts had a sigma level of 1.875, and the clinical and registration labels had a sigma level of 1.875. The overall sigma level of hemovigilance process was calculated to be 2. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the quality of hemovigilance process at Afzalipour Hospital was poor. By employing the first two steps of Six Sigma method, we identified the existing errors in the hemovigilance process of Afzalipour hospital in order to assist hospital managers to take the necessary measures to improve this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kathrine M Neuman Johnsen,1,2 Karin Magnussen,3 Christian Erstad,3 Sadaf Nabi Bhatti,4 Lise Sofie H Nissen-Meyer2 1Center for Laboratory Medicine and Blood Bank, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway; 2Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; 3Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway; 4Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, NorwayCorrespondence: Kathrine M Neuman Johnsen, Østfold Hospital Trust, P.O. Box 300, Grålum, 1714, Norway, Tel +47 669868410 ; +4796090859, Email Kathrine.M.Neuman.Johnsen@so-hf.noPurpose: In Norway, blood donors using antihypertensive medication were deferred until 2015. Following revision of the national directive, these donors could be allowed, providing stable dose for at least 3 months, adequate blood pressure control and no adverse effects caused by the therapy. The new practice was evaluated by a quality study where the major aim was to establish whether donations from blood donors on antihypertensive medication pose a risk to the donor. The risk was assessed by counting the number and categorizing the adverse events related to blood donation. In addition, the quantitative effect of including these donors was calculated.Subjects and Methods: In this retrospective quality study, blood donors on antihypertensive therapy were recruited from four different blood centers to fill out a questionnaire. A total of 265 donors answered questions regarding their health status, type of medication used, and adverse events connected to blood donation both before and after starting the therapy.Results: No severe adverse events were observed in donors on antihypertensive medications. The amount of mild adverse events, as exhibited by only 7 persons (0.46%) in this donor population, was the same as for donors without hypertensive treatment.Conclusion: Blood donation from persons on antihypertensive therapy poses no extra risk of severe adverse events, given the use of screening criteria to identify and bleed only low-risk donors.Keywords: donor safety, hemovigilance, hypertension, deferral

Background and Objectives: Even though Blood Transfusion Service is considered as life-saving intervention, it is associated with the occurrence of uneventful reactions from the transfusion of blood and blood units. Bhutan Blood Bank is fragmented with different levels of services provided which leads to varied levels of adverse blood transfusion reaction reported. Study on the hemovigilance system at tertiary care hospital is conducted so as to study the frequency and types of reactions over a period of three years from 1st January 2019 to 31st December 2021. Methods: All ATRs occurring within a period of 3 years were studied according to the Blood Bank standard operating procedure. Adverse transfusion events related to blood and blood units were analyzed and classified on the basis of their clinical features and laboratory tests. Descriptive statistics were used to represent the adverse transfusion reactions. Results: During this period, a total of 19,961 blood and blood components were issued and 120 adverse transfusion events were reported. Most reaction reported were febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction, FNHTR (59.2%) followed by allergic reaction (22.5%) occurring predominantly in females (93%). Packed red cells were the common component causing adverse events (83 %) with most observable in Group A (42.5%) blood units. Conclusion: Febrile and allergic reactions are the most common type of reaction reported. Although such reaction type is least harmful but fatal reaction can occur and preventive measures must be taken to avoid such reactions. This preliminary study indicates the importance of having continuous monitoring and quality assessment scheme in addressing the issues of adverse transfusion reaction. Furthermore, establishing a hospital transfusion committee is vital for delivery of safe and efficient blood transfusion services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pulmonary complications of blood transfusion, including transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI), transfusion‐associated circulatory overload (TACO), and transfusion‐associated dyspnea, are generally underdiagnosed and under‐reported. The international TRALI and TACO definitions have recently been updated. Currently, no standardized pulmonary transfusion reaction reporting form exists and most of the hemovigilance forms have not yet incorporated the updated definitions. We developed a harmonized reporting form, aimed at improved data collection on pulmonary transfusion reactions for hemovigilance and research purposes by developing a standardized model reporting form and flowchart. Materials and Methods: Using a modified Delphi method among an international, multidisciplinary panel of 24 hemovigilance experts, detailed recommendations were developed for a standardized model reporting form for pulmonary complications of blood transfusion. Two Delphi rounds, including scoring systems, took place and several subsequent meetings were held to discuss issues and obtain consensus. Additionally, a flowchart was developed incorporating recently published redefinitions of pulmonary transfusion reactions. Results: In total, 17 participants completed the first questionnaire (70.8% response rate) and 14 participants completed the second questionnaire (58.3% response rate). According to the results from the questionnaires, the standardized model reporting form was divided into various subcategories: general information, patient history and transfusion characteristics, reaction details, investigations, treatment and supportive care, narrative, and transfused product. Conclusion: In this article, we present the recommendations from a global group of experts in the hemovigilance field. The standardized model reporting form and flowchart provide an initiative that may improve data collected to address pulmonary transfusion reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Even though Blood Transfusion Service is considered as life-saving intervention, it is associated with the occurrence of uneventful reactions from the transfusion of blood and blood units. Bhutan Blood Bank is fragmented with different levels of services provided which leads to varied levels of adverse blood transfusion reaction reported. Study on the hemovigilance system at tertiary care hospital is conducted so as to study the frequency and types of reactions over a period of three years from 1st January 2019 to 31st December 2021. Methods: All ATRs occurring within a period of 3 years were studied according to the Blood Bank standard operating procedure. Adverse transfusion events related to blood and blood units were analyzed and classified on the basis of their clinical features and laboratory tests. Descriptive statistics were used to represent the adverse transfusion reactions. Results: During this period, a total of 19,961 blood and blood components were issued and 120 adverse transfusion events were reported. Most reaction reported were febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction, FNHTR (59.2%) followed by allergic reaction (22.5%) occurring predominantly in females (93%). Packed red cells were the common component causing adverse events (83 %) with most observable in Group A (42.5%) blood units. Conclusion: Febrile and allergic reactions are the most common type of reaction reported. Although such reaction type is least harmful but fatal reaction can occur and preventive measures must be taken to avoid such reactions. This preliminary study indicates the importance of having continuous monitoring and quality assessment scheme in addressing the issues of adverse transfusion reaction. Furthermore, establishing a hospital transfusion committee is vital for delivery of safe and efficient blood transfusion services.

Background: Blood transfusion reactions contribute significantly to the morbidity and mortality of both in- and outpatients in hospitals globally. Developing adequate protocols for detecting and reporting this complication is key to attaining global blood transfusion safety. Objective: The objective of the study was to review the frequency of blood transfusion reactions and the adequacy of institutional hemovigilance efforts in a Nigerian hospital. Materials and Methods: Records of patients that had blood transfusion reactions (cases) and those that did not (controls) were analyzed over a 2-year period. Sociodemographic information, transfusion and admission histories, primary diagnoses, as well as transfusion reaction details (where applicable) were recorded. Data were analyzed using STATA 16.1 (StataCorp. 2019, Stata Statistical Software: Release 16, College Station, TX: StataCorp LLC). Sociodemographic characteristics were presented in frequency tables and charts, whereas relationships between study variables were compared using the Chi-square and the Person Correlation. P value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant (confidence level = 95%). Results: One death was recorded among the cases during the study, whereas febrile nonhemolytic reactions constituted the most type of reaction (41.5%). Only 37.5% of reactions were investigated, and none was reported to the hospital blood transfusion/hemovigilance committee. There was no significant association between the study-related variables and the type of reaction or the likelihood of experiencing a new reaction with subsequent transfusions (P values all > 0.05). Conclusion: Febrile reactions are the commonest complication of blood transfusion in our data set; institutional hemovigilance efforts remain suboptimal and should be further strengthened.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Septic transfusion reactions due to bacterial contamination in platelet concentrates (PCs) are continually reported to hemovigilance (HV) programs. Worldwide, blood centers use different systems to avoid transfusion-associated bacterial sepsis in PCs. Herein, national HV data were gathered to compare bacterial protection systems and to assess the risk of bacterial contamination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: HV data with definite transfusion-associated bacterial sepsis in PCs were obtained from Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom (U. K.), and Switzerland between 2006 and 2016. These data were reviewed to evaluate bacterial protection systems including early small-volume (ESV), early large-volume (ELV), and delayed large-volume (DLV) bacterial culture screening and pathogen inactivation (PI) treatment. RESULTS: Implementation of DLV bacterial culture screening in the U. K. and PI treatment in Switzerland resulted in significant reductions (P < 0.05) in transfusion-associated bacterial sepsis for the period of 2011–2016 compared to the prior 4 years (2006–2010). Approximately 1.86 million DLV bacterial culture-screened PCs and 0.21 million PI-treated PCs were issued with no reported septic fatalities nor cases of life-threatening sepsis. In Australia, two life-threatening septic transfusion reactions (1.923 per million) were reported out of almost 1.04 million ELV bacterial culture-screened PCs, and no septic fatalities were reported. Meanwhile, in Canada, four life-threatening septic transfusion reactions (3.6/million) and one fatality (0.9/million) were observed in about 1.11 million ESV bacterial culture-screened PCs. CONCLUSION: DLV bacterial culture and PI treatment significantly reduced the incidence of septic reactions. The advantages and disadvantages of both systems merit further investigation before implementation.

Given the importance of having knowledge on the hemovigilance process in nursing care, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of the hemovigilance education on nursing students’ knowledge using a conceptual map. The current research was a semi-experimental study.

Background: France converted to universal pathogen reduced (PR; amotosalen/UVA) platelets in 2017 and extended platelet component (PC) shelf‐life from 5‐ to 7‐days in 2018 and 2019. Annual national hemovigilance (HV) reports characterized longitudinal PC utilization and safety over 11 years, including several years prior to PR adoption as the national standard of care. Methods: Data were extracted from published annual HV reports. Apheresis and pooled buffy coat [BC] PC use was compared. Transfusion reactions (TRs) were stratified by type, severity, and causality. Trends were assessed for three periods: Baseline (2010–14; ~7% PR), Period 1 ([P1] 2015–17; 8%–21% PR), and Period 2 ([P2] 2018–20; 100% PR). Results: PC use increased by 19.1% between 2010 and 2020. Pooled BC PC production increased from 38.8% to 68.2% of total PCs. Annual changes in PCs issued averaged 2.4% per year at baseline, −0.02% (P1) and 2.8% (P2). The increase in P2 coincided with a reduction in the target platelet dose and extension to 7‐day storage. Allergic reactions, alloimmunization, febrile non‐hemolytic TRs, immunologic incompatibility, and ineffective transfusions accounted for >90% of TRs. Overall, TR incidence per 100,000 PCs issued declined from 527.9 (2010) to 345.7 (2020). Severe TR rates declined 34.8% between P1‐P2. Forty‐six transfusion‐transmitted bacterial infections (TTBI) were associated with conventional PCs during baseline and P1. No TTBI were associated with amotosalen/UVA PCs. Infections with Hepatitis E (HEV) a non‐enveloped virus resistant to PR, were reported in all periods. Discussion: Longitudinal HV analysis demonstrated stable PC utilization trends with reduced patient risk during conversion to universal 7‐day amotosalen/UVA PCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Assuring the quality and safety of blood and blood components is an essential element of health care in all countries and requires government commitment and legal frameworks. Ineffective regulation of blood and blood components has far-reaching consequences that are not limited to the affected countries but also have extensive global implications. Summary: In this review, we summarize the work of the project BloodTrain funded by the German Ministry of Health within the framework of the Global Health Protection Programme to strengthen regulatory structures in Africa that are imperative to guarantee the improved availability, safety, and quality of blood and blood products. Key Messages: Intense interaction with the stakeholders in African partner countries lead to first measurable successes in the strengthening of blood regulation, as shown here for hemovigilance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Following the first assessment of the effects of safety measures taken against transfusion-transmitted bacterial infections (TTBI), the Paul-Ehrlich-Institut (PEI) decided to newly analyze risk minimization measures (RMM) using German hemovigilance data from 2011 to 2020, focusing on blood components, recipients, and bacterial strains. Materials and Methods: The PEI assessed the imputability of all reported serious adverse reactions (SAR) relying mainly on microbiological test results. Reporting rates (RR) of suspected, confirmed, and fatal confirmed TTBI were calculated and compared to the previous reporting 10-year period (2001–2010) using Poisson regression to estimate RR ratios (RRR). Furthermore, details on blood component age, patients' medical history, and bacterial pathogenicity were collected. Results: With respect to the previous 10-year period, the number of suspected TTBI increased (n = 403), while fewer cases were confirmed (n = 40); the number of deaths remained more or less unchanged (n = 8). The RR for suspected TTBI were 7.9, 18.7, and 1.6 cases per million units transfused for red blood cells (RBC), platelet concentrates (PC), and fresh frozen plasma (FFP), respectively. RRR showed a statistically significant 2.5-fold increase in the RR for suspected TTBI after RBC administration from 2001–2010 to the period under review (p < 0.0001). The RR for confirmed TTBI were 0.4, 5.0, and 0.0 cases per million units transfused for RBC, PC, and FFP, respectively. Compared to the period 2001–2010, there was a statistically significant decrease in the RR of confirmed TTBI by half for PC (p = 0.0052). The RR for confirmed PC-caused TTBI with fatal outcome was 1.4 cases per million units transfused. Regardless of type of blood product transfused and outcome of SAR, the majority of TTBI occurred after administration of a product at the end of shelf life (40.0%) and to recipients of advanced age (median age: 68.5 years) and/or with severe immunosuppression (72.5%) due to decreased myelopoiesis (62.5%). 72.5% of the involved bacteria had a middle/high human pathogenicity. Conclusion: Despite a significant decrease in confirmed TTBI following PC transfusion in Germany after implementation of RMM, the current manufacture of blood products can still not prevent TTBI with fatal outcomes. As demonstrated in various countries, RMM like bacterial screening or pathogen reduction may measurably improve the safety of blood transfusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction:Hemovigilance is a monitoring procedure that covers all transfusion steps from the collection of blood and blood components to the follow-up of end recipients. This procedure provides information about unexpected and undesirable effects caused by the use of blood products and evaluates them, and aims to prevent their occurrence and recurrence.Methods:Data were collected by filling in the questionnaire form created to determine the level of knowledge of pediatric emergency and pediatric intensive care nurses on blood and blood products transfusion via the online access link.Results:A total of 45 people answered the questionnaire sent. It was learned that 88.9% of the participants in the study completed undergraduate and graduate degrees. Of the responding nurses, 31 (68.9%) reported that there were hemovigilance nurses in their hospitals, and 39 (86.7%) received in-service training on the use of blood and blood products. The questions that the nurses gave the most wrong answers were about the storage periods of blood products. The question “If it is not transfused how long can the blood product be stored in the refrigerator for the longest time?” was answered correctly at a rate of 40%. The correct answer was 33.3% to the question “How long is fresh frozen plasma stored after thawing” and 20% to the question “What are the storage conditions of thrombocyte suspension”. All the nurses answered, “If there is a reaction during transfusion, I will stop the transfusion”.Conclusion:The hemovigilance system has emerged as a tool to increase the quality and safety of transfusions. This study provides data on the knowledge gaps of nurses who care for critically ill children. We think that the educations will contribute to hemovigilance practices by increasing the knowledge level of transfusion with both national-level pieces of training and in-service training for healthcare personnel.

Objective:In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the knowledge level of the nursing students and clinical nurses who completed the clinical practice related to hemogivigilance.Methods:This research was designed to be comparative and cross-sectional. The measurement tool consists of two parts in the collection of research data. The first part included the demographic variables, and the second part included the “hemovigilance information index” (HII) created by the researcher. The sample included 146 nursing students and 137 clinical nurses working in the hospital for clinical practice, who volunteered to participate in the research. Ethical permissions were obtained from ethics committee to conduct the research.Results:It was concluded that there was a significant relationship between the knowledge about hemovigilance or hemovigilance nursing, thinking that he/she was competent about hemovigilance, the necessity of education related to the subject, the meaning of the term “near miss” related to hemovigilance, knowledge of the transfusion follow-up form, and having knowledge about the reactions that might occur as a result of blood transfusion, and the number of correct answers (p

Since its emergence in the early 1990s, hemovigilance has gradually evolved from a blood safety concept focused on surveillance of adverse reactions and events in patients, to a well-defined system that monitors the entire transfusion chain and improves its safety. The importance of hemovigilance has been recognized globally in a relatively short time, but the level of its implementation varies significantly between countries. The cooperation of international organizations has significantly contributed to the promotion, implementation, and education in this field. Thanks to initiatives taken, the safety of transfusion practice has been improved in many segments, primarily related to the risks of adverse events in recipients of blood components. In parallel with changing transfusion practice, the hemovigilance process has also matured. In addition to the reduction of existing risks and the early detection of emerging risks, hemovigilance has also embraced the principles of patient blood management. Research in hemovigilance is more increasingly focused on specific categories of patients, specific blood components and methods of their preparation, rare reactions, and transfusion efficacy and efficiency. A proactive approach and use of big data can play an important role in achieving these goals. Additional and sustained efforts should be made to prevent underreporting of events and to improve data comparability through clear definitions and grading systems. This review provides a historical overview of hemovigilance and its achievements, current challenges, and future plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

National Hemovigilance Programme aims at improving patient and donor outcomes by monitoring adverse reactions. This requires an additional effort by existing manpower that is already a handful and may offer a leeway if not mandated and designated to a hemovigilance nurse. To analyse the reported adverse transfusion reactions (ATR) and their subsequent uplink/upload into the Hemovigilance program of India (HvPI) and to observe subjective discrepancy in the diagnosis of ATR and their imputability to transfusion. ATR were analysed from May 2016 to October 2021 in a hospital-based blood centre in India. Two groups were formed, Group I constituted ATR that were reported and uplinked to HvPI, and Group II constituted all reported ATR irrespective of the uplink/upload. All ATR were reanalysed for a subjective discrepancy in diagnosis and imputability levels. Results were analysed online statistical software MedCalc using the "Exact Poissons Method" and the Chi-square test with a significant p-value of <0.05. In total 169 ATR were reported in 166 patients and 89 (52.6%) were uplinked, with an incident rate of 1 in 1412 and 1 in 743 in Group I and Group II respectively. The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). Allergic reactions were the most common type in both groups followed by FNHTR with PRBC as the most implicated blood product. A discrepancy of around 4.3% and 17.9% in diagnosis and imputability level respectively was observed. The difference in incidence rates in the two groups indicates a mandate for dedicated hemovigilance nurses in every centre to aid in accurate data sharing with the National hemovigilance systems. Discrepancies in diagnosis can be mitigated by identification and understanding of ATR through case-based objective approach. Discrepancy in assigning imputability levels to adverse reactions can be minimised by objectifying the scales followed by spreading awareness though campaigns. These initiatives can effectively be aided by the hemovigilance nurse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many patients worldwide receive platelet components (PCs) through the transfusion of diverse types of blood components. PC transfusions are essential for the treatment of central thrombocytopenia of diverse causes, and such treatment is beneficial in patients at risk of severe bleeding. PC transfusions account for almost 10% of all the blood components supplied by blood services, but they are associated with about 3.25 times as many severe reactions (attributable to transfusion) than red blood cell transfusions after stringent in-process leukoreduction to less than 106 residual cells per blood component. PCs are not homogeneous, due to the considerable differences between donors. Furthermore, the modes of PC collection and preparation, the safety precautions taken to limit either the most common (allergic-type reactions and febrile non-hemolytic reactions) or the most severe (bacterial contamination, pulmonary lesions) adverse reactions, and storage and conservation methods can all result in so-called PC "storage lesions". Some storage lesions affect PC quality, with implications for patient outcome. Good transfusion practices should result in higher levels of platelet recovery and efficacy, and lower complication rates. These practices include a matching of tissue ABH antigens whenever possible, and of platelet HLA (and, to a lesser extent, HPA) antigens in immunization situations. This review provides an overview of all the available information relating to platelet transfusion, from donor and donation to bedside transfusion, and considers the impact of the measures applied to increase transfusion efficacy while improving safety and preventing transfusion inefficacy and refractoriness. It also considers alternatives to platelet component (PC) transfusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Blood transfusion is also a tissue transplant and continues to be applied in many areas. Blood Transfusion training should be given to all healthcare professionals, and information should be updated in light of new developments. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the knowledge of physicians and nurses about the clinical use and transfusion of blood products. Material and Method: A questionnaire consisting of 16 questions was applied to 147 doctors and nurses working in the surgical and coronary intensive care units of XXXX Hospital between 01.10.2021 and 15.10.2021 to determine and compare their knowledge levels on blood and blood product transfusion. Questionnaire questions were prepared under four main headings: Basic transfusion information, clinical use of blood products, transfusion reactions, and storage of blood products. Results: 65.3% (n: 96) of the participants were female, and the mean age was 29.6±6.5. The mean age of the doctors and nurses, respectively (35.3±8.1 vs. 27.4±4.0 <0.001), was statistically significant. No employee could answer all questions correctly, and only four physicians answered 15 questions correctly. Nurses could answer a maximum of 13 questions (n: 3). While physicians gave statistically significant answers to 4 questions in total, it was determined that other healthcare professionals gave statistically better answers than physicians in only one question (Question 14). All employees' average correct answers were 9 (range 7-10). Physicians gave correct answers to 10 (9-12) questions and other healthcare professionals 9 (7-10) questions, and it was not statistically significant. Conclusion: It is essential to maintain the knowledge level of physicians and health workers in transfusion practices after graduation. It should be ensured that they benefit from scientific meetings and in-service training regarding current developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the establishment of multi-center haemovigilance (HV) and the monitoring of adverse reactions to blood donation (ARBD), in order to provide basis for the management of blood donors. Methods The operation of HV was investigated by questionnaire. The total number of blood donations (including plateletpheresis) and ARBD cases occurred in each blood center from 2014 to 2018 were analyzed. Results Among the 24 blood centers in this survey, only nine got HV operated. The incidence of ARBD of 19 blood centers that fulfilled the questionnaire was in the range of (0.003~1.151) %. The change trend of number and incidence of ARBD cases were indeterminate. Conclusion Most blood centers did not got HV established. The incidence of ARBD varied greatly and was indeterminate. The application of HV should be further improved to strengthen ARBD management.

Objective: Hemovigilance covers the entire transfusion chain, from the collection of the blood product and its components to the monitoring of adverse reactions. The aim of our study was to perform a process validation for the hemovigilance system of our hospital and to evaluate patients who developed blood transfusion reactions. Method: University of Health Sciences Turkey, Dr. Behçet Uz Child Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital; among the patients who received blood transfusion between January 2019 and December 2019, 238 patients were identified by systematic sampling method. Blood components used in patients undergoing treatment in different clinics; Examining the physician and nurse observation notes and the data in the hospital information system, whether the transfusion process is appropriate; It was evaluated by hospital hemovigilance coordinator, hemovigilance nurse, pediatric hematologist and pediatric intensive care specialist. Results: Of the 238 randomly selected patients, 122 (51.3%) were male and 116 (48.7%) were determined as female. The median age was 91 (14-180) months. In the evaluation of the transfusion process; Only 1 patient (0.4%) was observed to exceed the optimal transfusion time. No error was detected in other blood transfusion processes. It was observed that 8 (3.3%) of the patients who underwent transfusion had a transfusion reaction. Conclusion: In our study, it was found that there is no significant problem in recognizing, applying and reporting transfusion reactions before and during transfusion applications. In our country, there is no previous study on hemovigilance process validation. Prospective process validations are required.

Background and Objectives: Blood transfusion is a life-saving intervention but may cause nonfatal to fatal untoward events. Therefore, for safe blood transfusion, various adverse reactions need to be identified and steps should be taken to reduce such events. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and analyze the types of acute transfusion reactions (ATRs) with associated factors. Patients and Methods: All ATRs reported to the transfusion medicine department from January 2016 to December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. The incidence of ATRs and its associated factors were assessed. Results: During the study period, a total of 39,070 units of blood were issued, out of which there was an incidence of 0.24% (n = 95) ATRs mostly seen in females and older patients aged above 60 years. Most common ATR was febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions (51.6%, n = 49), followed by allergic reaction (35.8%, n = 34). The most common symptom was chills and rigor (41.1%). The frequency of reactions was significantly higher with packed red blood cell transfusion (62.1%). Patients with previous transfusion history (n = 63, % = 66.3, P = 0.711) had more ATRs. Conclusion: By this study, the authors want to create awareness among health personnel involved in the transfusion chain is necessary to establish a proper hemovigilance system.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to assess the changes in knowledge concerning quality management system (QMS) among the participants before and after attending a QMS training. METHODS: After obtaining the ethical approval, a retrospective study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of QMS. Fifty participants from district blood banks of three different states participated in the study organized at two different periods. After obtaining informed consent, the participants were subjected to set of questionnaire containing 45 questions (35 multiple choice and 10 subjective questions) as pretest on quality standards and were again subjected to posttest questionnaire containing the same set of questions after 5 days of workshop. Twenty minutes were granted to solve the questions. Each question was given one mark. There was no negative marking. An assessment of knowledge gained during training was evaluated by comparing the scores of pre- and post-assessment. RESULTS: Of the total 50 delegates, 29 were trained in the month of July (Training I) and 21 were trained in the month of November (Training II). There were 96% (n = 48) males and 4% (n = 2) females. In both the training sessions, that is, Training I and II, the mean scores of objective questions in pretest were 13.629 ± 6.58 and 9.34 ± 5.74, and after the training, the posttest scores increased significantly to 17.77 ± 7.05 and 14.34 ± 7.09, respectively. Paired Student's t-test was applied which showed statistically significant increment in knowledge (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant positive change in the knowledge of the participants after attending QMS workshop.

We report a transfusion-transmitted hepatitis A virus infection in an immunocompromised patient in France, detected shortly after a transfusion of pathogen-reduced pooled platelets. This case raises questions about the efficacy of donor screening methods. Additional safety measures, such as routine donation screening, should be considered.

Background: Hypotensive transfusion reaction (HyTR) is rare. It is characterized by a rapid onset of hypotension during transfusion, which usually resolves quickly upon cessation of transfusion. Information on the incidence and clinical characteristics of HyTR has been reported in only a few studies. Study Design and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed HyTR cases from 10‐year hemovigilance data in a tertiary care hospital in Seoul, Korea. Results: We identified 37 HyTRs in 35 patients, and the overall incidence of HyTR was 0.50 per 10,000 transfused units. Among the blood components, the incidence of HyTR was highest in filtered random donor platelets (0.75 per 10,000 units). About half of the HyTRs occurred within 15 min after the start of transfusion (19/37). Blood pressure returned to the normal range within an hour in 73.0% of the cases (27/37). All HyTR cases recovered without severe complications. Known risk factors for HyTR were not prominent in our cohort of patients, with no patients taking angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and only five patients transfused with bedside filtered platelets. Discussion: HyTR can occur in patients with various conditions and types of blood components. Understanding the clinical characteristics of HyTR facilitates proper management, leading to improved transfusion safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective:In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the knowledge level of the nursing students and clinical nurses who have applied the clinical practice related to hemogivigilance.Methods:This research was comparative and cross-sectional in design. The measurement tool consisted of two parts in the collection of research data. The first part included the demographic variables, and the second part consisted of “hemovigilance information index” created by the researcher. The sample was completed with 146 nursing students and 137 clinical nurses working in the hospital for clinical practice, who volunteered to participate in the research. Ethical permissions were obtained from the Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University Ethics Committee to conduct the research.Results:It was concluded that there was a significant relationship between having knowledge about hemovigilance or hemovigilance nursing, thinking of being competent about hemovigilance, selfsufficiency about blood transfusion, having knowledge about the meaning of the term “near miss” about hemovigilance, knowledge about the transfusion follow-up form, late and early reactions that might occur as a result of blood transfusion, and the number of correct answers (p