Search

Cerebral hemorrhage (CH) presents a significant risk for cognitive decline. Our research aimed to assess the impact of Apricot Kernel Oil (AKO) on cognitive function and inflammatory response in a hemorrhagic stroke model using Wistar rats, and to examine their correlation. Fifty Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups: a control group, an AKO supplemented group (receiving 400 mg/kg AKO), a CH group (with induced CH), and CH groups supplemented with 200 and 400 mg/kg AKO, each containing 10 rats. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Y-electric maze test across these groups. Additionally, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time PCR were utilized to analyze the protein and gene expression profiles of inflammatory and apoptotic factors in the brain. Compared to the control group, rats in the CH group took longer to master the maze criteria (P<0.05). Moreover, the CH group exhibited significantly increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, and decreased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 compared to the control group (P<0.05). Conversely, rats in the CH+400 mg/kg AKO group showed opposite trends in electrical simulation time, inflammatory factor protein, and gene expression profile (Bcl-2, BAX, Caspase-3, and p53) compared to the CH group (P<0.05). Our findings suggest that AKO extract may ameliorate cognitive dysfunction following CH in rats, potentially through modulation of inflammatory factors secreted by microglia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a public health emergency worldwide, predominantly affecting the respiratory tract. However, evidence supports the involvement of extrapulmonary sites, including reports of intracranial hemorrhages.

Copyright of Acta Neurológica Colombiana is the property of Colombian Association of Neurology / Asociacion Colombiana de Neurologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria is the property of Thieme Medical Publishing Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cirugía y Cirujanos is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: sodium disorders are the most common and least understood in patients with acute brain injury due to the major role played by the central nervous system in regulating sodium and water homeostasis, which can lead to serious complications and adverse outcomes, including death.Objective: to determine the hypernatremia contribution to mortality in patients with neurological conditions in critical state. Methods: longitudinal analytical observational study on 55 patients who were admitted to the acute care units at the Arnaldo Milián Castro University Hospital, between October 2020 and May 2022, regardless of the plasma sodium value upon admission to the service, as well as during their stay in the critical care units. Univariate and bivariate statistical methods were used in data analysis. Results: the average age was 60 ± 16 years. The most relevant diagnoses were intraparenchymal hemorrhage (56.37%), head trauma, and ischemic stroke (both 30%). Plasma sodium concentrations showed significant differences (pX2= 0.000), with the highest average at 24 hours of admission (174.2 ± 133.6) and the lowest at the 5th day (102.9 ± 72.9). There was a significant correlation between plasma sodium concentrations at admission, 24h and 72h with the state at discharge. In the individual bivariate analysis by period, there was only a significant relationship after 24 hours. In this period, hypernatremia contributed 1.78 times more to mortality than in those who did not have elevated sodium (OR=1.78 with CI: 1,39-3,4).Conclusions: hypernatremia in critically ill patients with neurological conditions is associated with increased mortality.

Copyright of Revista Argentina de Terapia Intensiva is the property of Sociedad Argentina de Terapia Intensiva (SATI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The third cause of morbidity and mortality in many countries is cerebrovascular accident (CVA), the incidence is higher in hemodialysis patients. The presence of hemorrhagic stroke is associated with worse results; early diagnosis and treatment are essential due to its rapid expansion, which causes neurological detriment, up to a fatal outcome. The case of a 52-year-old woman is presented, admitted for emergency service on 05/23/23 with a history of three-weekly renal replacement therapy, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus; clinical picture with sudden headache of moderate intensity, accompanied by drowsiness, numbness at the level of the cervicodorsal spine, paraparesis in the lower extremities and hypertension; skull tomography with pre-brain stem hemorrhagic stroke; he was admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for monitoring and management, however despite the treatment he evolved torpidly and died on 06/11/2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: sodium disorders are the most common and least understood in patients with acute brain injury due to the major role played by the central nervous system in regulating sodium and water homeostasis, which can lead to serious complications and adverse outcomes, including death. Objective: to determine the hypernatremia contribution to mortality in patients with neurological conditions in critical state. Methods: longitudinal analytical observational study on 55 patients who were admitted to the acute care units at the Arnaldo Milián Castro University Hospital, between October 2020 and May 2022, regardless of the plasma sodium value upon admission to the service, as well as during their stay in the critical care units. Univariate and bivariate statistical methods were used in data analysis. Results: the average age was 60 ± 16 years. The most relevant diagnoses were intraparenchymal hemorrhage (56.37%), head trauma, and ischemic stroke (both 30%). Plasma sodium concentrations showed significant differences (pX2= 0.000), with the highest average at 24 hours of admission (174.2 ± 133.6) and the lowest at the 5th day (102.9 ± 72.9). There was a significant correlation between plasma sodium concentrations at admission, 24h and 72h with the state at discharge. In the individual bivariate analysis by period, there was only a significant relationship after 24 hours. In this period, hypernatremia contributed 1.78 times more to mortality than in those who did not have elevated sodium (OR=1.78 with CI: 1,39-3,4). Conclusions: hypernatremia in critically ill patients with neurological conditions is associated with increased mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La angiopatía amiloide cerebral (AAC) consiste en el depósito de amiloide en la pared de los vasos sanguíneos intracraneales, y conlleva a la aparición de hemorragia, isquemia o leucoencefalopatía. Las manifestaciones clínicas de la AAC son muy variables, tales como alteraciones cognitivas, alteraciones comportamentales, déficit neurológico focal, cefalea o crisis epilépticas. Un subtipo de angiopatía amiloide cerebral con inflamación relacionada (AAC-IR), se ha reportado recientemente en la literatura mundial. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 74 años de edad, con un cuadro de demencia rápidamente progresiva de aproximadamente tres meses de evolución, asociada a cefalea, meningismo, disminución de la fuerza en hemicuerpo derecho, múltiples lesiones hemorrágicas parenquimatosas, hemosiderosis difusa, edema cerebral focal y estudio histológico con evidencia de amiloide intracerebral. El diagnóstico de la AAC se basa en una historia clínica compatible; neuroimagenes que demuestren hemosiderosis o múltiples hemorragias de predominio en fosa posterior, y en algunos casos estudio histológico que confirme la presencia de amiloide en la microcirculación intracraneal. Los criterios de Boston modificados unifican los hallazgos para el diagnóstico de AAC con diferentes grados de certeza. En algunas ocasiones, como en el caso presentado, la AAC se asocia a un componente inflamatorio, y se manifiesta con una demencia rápidamente progresiva, constituyéndose en un verdadero reto diagnóstico.

Introduction: Moyamoya disease (MD) is a progressive, occlusive disease of the arteries of the anterior cerebral circulation that may cause ischaemia or haemorrhage. Patient management aims to prevent new cerebrovascular events through surgical revascularisation and/or pharmacological treatment. Materials and methods: We studied a series of 17 patients with MD (n = 14) or moyamoya syndrome (MS; n = 3), who were evaluated between January 1989 and December 2016; 11 patients were women and 6 were men. Thirteen patients had definitive MD (76%), one had unilateral MD (5.2%), and 3 had MS (18%). The condition manifested as intraparenchymal haemorrhage (in 35.2% of patients), brain ischaemia (29.4%), subarachnoid haemorrhage (17.6%), seizures (11.7%), and headache with no associated haemorrhage (1 patient). Results: Ten patients (58.8%) underwent revascularisation and 7 (41.2%) received pharmacological treatment. All patients were evaluated with the modified Rankin Scale (mRs) at admission and at the last consultation; mRs scores were significantly lower in the group undergoing surgery (P

Objective. A narrative overview of regional academic research collaborations to address the increasing burden and gaps in care for patients at risk of, and who suffer from, stroke in Latin America (LA). Materials and methods. A summary of experiences and knowledge of the local situation is presented. No systematic literature review was performed. Results. The rapidly increasing burden of stroke poses immense challenges in LA, where prevention and management strategies are highly uneven and inadequate. Clinical research is increasing through various academic consortia and networks formed to overcome structural, funding and skill barriers. However, strengthening the ability to generate, analyze and interpret randomized evidence is central to further develop effective therapies and healthcare systems in LA. Conclusions. Regional networks foster the conduct of multicenter studies -particularly randomized controlled trials-, even in resource-poor regions. They also contribute to the external validity of international studies and strengthen systems of care, clinical skills, critical thinking, and international knowledge exchange. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Salud Uninorte is the property of Fundacion Universidad del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria is the property of Thieme Medical Publishing Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El síndrome de vasoconstricción cerebral reversible se produce por la constricción variable, segmentaria y multifocal, de las arterias cerebrales y, generalmente, es de curso benigno. Se describe el caso de una mujer de 49 años que consultó por cefalea, síntomas visuales y convulsiones; tres días después, presentaba áreas de vasoconstricción en, por lo menos, dos territorios vasculares y dos segmentos de las mismas arterias. Fue internada en la unidad de cuidados intensivos para controlarle la presión arterial y recibir tratamiento médico. Tuvo una evolución tórpida y, en el séptimo día de hospitalización, desarrolló edema cerebral maligno, tras lo cual ocurrió la muerte cerebral. Se inició entonces el plan de donación de órganos y, posteriormente, se practicó una autopsia guiada del cerebro. El estudio de patología descartó vasculitis y reveló áreas de hemorragia en la convexidad cerebral. Se discuten los aspectos más relevantes de los casos con evolución fulminante informados en la literatura científica. El síndrome de vasoconstricción cerebral reversible se asocia con resultados fatales cuando los pacientes tienen una deficiencia neurológica focal, la neuroimagen inicial muestra alteraciones y hay un deterioro clínico rápido. Es importante conocer los factores asociados con un mal pronóstico, y establecer estrategias tempranas de intervención y prevención.

Objetivo: Determinar predictores de mortalidad intrahospitalaria y mal pronóstico funcional en pacientes sometidos a cirugía por hemorragia intracerebral. Materiales y métodos: Se analizaron las historias clínicas, reportes operatorios y tomografías cerebrales de pacientes con hemorragia intracerebral desde marzo 2018 hasta marzo de 2020. Se realizó un análisis de regresión logística univariado y multivariado para determinar predictores independientes de mortalidad intrahospitalaria y mal pronóstico funcional al alta. Resultados: La mortalidad intrahospitalaria fue de 33.7% (n = 31 pacientes). Predictores independientes de mortalidad fueron el sexo femenino (OR = 3.01; p = 0.031) y un Glasgow < 8 puntos al ingreso (OR = 3.19; p = 0.031). Un mal pronóstico funcional luego de la intervención se encontró en 77 pacientes (83.7%). Predictores independientes de mal pronóstico funcional fueron una Escala de Rankin modificada > 3 (OR = 15.5; p = 0.01) y déficit motor pre-operatorio (OR = 8.95; p = 0.042). Conclusiones: En pacientes con diagnóstico de hemorragia intracerebral tratados con cirugía se encontró una alta mortalidad y morbilidad. El sexo femenino y factores clínicos como el estado de conciencia y el estado funcional al ingreso fueron predictores independientes de mortalidad intrahospitalaria y mal pronóstico funcional.

Introduction: Cannabis and its synthetic analogues are currently the most widely consumed illicit substances worldwide. Multiple alterations have been linked to its use, including cerebrovascular disease (CVD) or stroke, whose association with the substance has been based mainly on the hypothesis of transient vasoconstriction, which explains a large proportion of the cases reported. However, epidemiological studies have not performed an individual analysis of patients without other cardiovascular risk factors, which may limit the estimation of the risk of stroke associated with cannabis use alone. Development: A systematic literature review was conducted through Medline, EBSCOhost, EMBASE, Lilacs, and Scielo to gather case reports published before 13 May 2016 presenting patients with a diagnosis of CVD or transient ischaemic attack, a history of cannabinoid use, and no other cardiovascular risk factors. Key words such as stroke, cerebrovascular disease, cannabis, and marijuana, among others, were used. A total of 18 case reports were selected from the 566 references found. Conclusions: There is a wide variety of reports of stroke associated with cannabis use in patients with no other risk factors. Noteworthy findings were presentation at young age and a strong temporal association, which place cannabis use as a potential risk factor for this population in line with the epidemiological and pathophysiological studies in this area. Resumen: Introducción: El cannabis y sus análogos sintéticos corresponden actualmente a las sustancias ilícitas de mayor consumo a nivel mundial. Resultan múltiples las alteraciones con las cuales se ha relacionado su consumo, y dentro de estas se encuentra la enfermedad cerebrovascular (ECV) o ictus, cuya asociación con esta sustancia se ha fundamentado principalmente a través de la hipótesis de vasoconstricción transitoria, la cual explica una amplia proporción de los casos descritos. Sin embargo, los estudios epidemiológicos realizados no han desarrollado un análisis individual en los pacientes sin otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular, lo que puede limitar la estimación del riesgo que confiere por sí mismo el consumo de esta droga. Desarrollo: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura a través de Medline, EBSCOhost, EMBASE, Lilacs y Scielo hasta el 13 de mayo de 2016 considerando estudios de tipo «Caso clínico» que presentaran pacientes con diagnóstico de ECV o ataque isquémico transitorio e historia de consumo de cannabinoides sin otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Se utilizaron palabras clave como ictus; enfermedad cerebrovascular; cannabis; marihuana, entre otras. Finalmente, de las 566 referencias encontradas fueron seleccionados 18 casos clínicos. Conclusiones: Existe una amplia variedad de publicaciones de ictus asociado a consumo concomitante de cannabis en pacientes sin otros factores de riesgo, destacando una presentación a edad joven y una alta temporalidad, lo que, en concordancia con los estudios epidemiológicos y fisiopatológicos en esta área, ubica a esta sustancia como un potencial factor de riesgo para esta población.

Las alteraciones visuales de origen neurológico en los niños tienen diversas causas, algunas reversibles y otras no. La hidrocefalia es una de las más comunes e importantes, ya que puede producir deficiencias permanentes. Las causas de la hidrocefalia son variadas; entre las principales está la hemorragia intraventricular, generalmente debida al sangrado de la matriz germinal, el cual es muy común en recién nacidos prematuros. Se presenta el caso clínico de una paciente prematura con parálisis cerebral infantil, hemorragia intraventricular e hidrocefalia, producto de un embarazo múltiple, que presentó atrofia óptica en la infancia secundaria a la disfunción del sistema de derivación ventrículo-peritoneal. Durante su rehabilitación y tratamiento, ha recibido sesiones de neurorrehabilitación que le han permitido mejorar su agudeza y capacidad visual. Se comparó el caso de la paciente con algunos similares para establecer las semejanzas y las diferencias entre los cuadros clínicos presentados y la importancia del tipo de tratamiento médico utilizado en el curso de recuperación de la capacidad visual.

Las mordeduras de serpientes son un problema de salud pública en regiones tropicales y subtropicales del mundo. Ocurren, especialmente, en trabajadores rurales, y son una importante fuente de discapacidad y mortalidad. Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 59 años, agricultor de la región del Catatumbo (Colombia), quien sufrió la mordedura de una serpiente Bothrops asper, la cual le produjo una hemorragia cerebral fatal. Se llama la atención sobre el grave trastorno hemorrágico en contraste con los leves cambios en el sitio de la mordedura, así como sobre la necesidad del tratamiento temprano de la intoxicación con el suero antiofídico, incluso, en ausencia de manifestaciones cutáneas significativas.

Copyright of Acta Médica Peruana is the property of Colegio Medico del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Presentado en sesión de 30 de setiembre de 1959

Copyright of Universidad Médica Pinareña is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Universidad Médica Pinareña is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: intracerebral hemorrhage represents 10 to 15% of all strokes, and depending on its location, it can be intraparenchymal or intraventricular. Objective: to characterize patients diagnosed with intraparenchymal hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease at the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery. Method: an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in patients diagnosed with intraparenchymal hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease at the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery of Cuba between January 2017 and December 2019. The variables age, sex, skin color, toxic habits, personal pathological history, status at admission, extension to ventricle, location, affected cerebral hemisphere and associated cerebral edema. Descriptive statistics were used. Results: patients in adulthood (53,5 %), male (64,2 %) and white skin color (85,7 %) predominated; as well as smoking (28,5 %). A higher frequency was observed in patients with hypertension (50 %) and in a conscious state upon admission (82,1 %). 60,7 % did not have ventricular extension. Thalamic intraparenchymal hemorrhages were the most frequent (21,4 %). The most affected cerebral hemisphere was the right (60,7 %). A greater number of patients with associated cerebral edema was observed (85,7 %). Conclusions: hemorrhage occurred more frequently in adult, male and white-skinned patients. The personal history of arterial hypertension was found in most of the cases; showing a predominance of presentations in right structures and associated cerebral edema.

Introduction: cerebrovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death and constitutes the most frequent cause of permanent disability in adults; they are one of the most frequent reasons for admission to emergency departments in health care centers, while constituting the third leading cause of death in developed countries Objective: to characterize patients diagnosed with intraparenchymal hemorrhage. Method: an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted at “Dr. Agostinho Neto” General Teaching Hospital in Guantánamo province, in the period between January 2013 and December 2017. The target group comprised 133 patients, working with the totality. Descriptive statistics was used. Results: 32,3 % of the patients were younger than 60 years old and 74,44 % were discharged alive from the hospital. The 65,4 % of the patients were of mixed race and 67 % belonged to male sex. It was reported that 75,9 % had a history of hypertension and 57,9 % were smokers. Conclusions: intraparenchymal hemorrhage occurred mainly in men, mixed-race and under 60 years of age, where a history of smoking and the presence of hypertension was common.

La presentación inicial de los tumores cerebrales depende en gran medida de su localización y las estructuras que se encuentren adyacentes, y en algunos casos pueden tener un curso asintomático. Sin embargo, una de las causas poco frecuentes pero bien conocidas de hemorragias intracraneales espontáneas, es la presentación inicial de tumores cerebrales primarios y secundarios. En este artículo se presenta el caso de un paciente de 72 años que ingresó al servicio de urgencias con alteración del estado de conciencia y hemiparesia braquiocrural izquierda. Al examen físico presentó cifras tensionales elevadas, por lo que se realizó una tomografía de cráneo que puso en evidencia una lesión ocupante de espacio con efecto de masa y características que sugirió una hemorragia intratumoral, la cual requirió drenaje y resección del tumor extraaxial. Posteriormente, el resultado de la patología reveló un meningioma atípico grado II.

Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cirugía y Cirujanos is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome is a variable, segmental, and multifocal constriction of brain arteries, usually with a benign course. We describe the case of a 49-year-old woman who presented with headaches, visual symptoms, and seizures. Three days after admission, vasoconstriction areas were found in at least two vascular territories in two segments of the same arteries. The patient was admitted to the intensive care unit where her blood pressure was monitored and she received medical treatment. Surprisingly, the patient presented an unpredicted evolution in developing malignant cerebral edema on the seventh day after admission. She then suffered brain death and was taken to organ donation. A guided nervous system necropsy was later performed. The pathology discarded vasculitis and exhibited hemorrhage areas in the cerebral convexity. Herein, we discuss the most relevant aspects of cases with fulminant evolution reported in the literature. The reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome is usually associated with fatal outcomes when patients exhibit focalization, their first neuroimaging typically shows disturbances, and a rapid clinical deterioration occurs. It is crucial to identify factors linked to poor prognosis and set intervention strategies and early prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo: determinar el valor pronóstico de la hipertermia, hiperglucemia e hipertensión, secundario a ECV hemorrágico en los pacientes del Hospital Padre Billini, Santo Domingo, República Dominicana, en el periodo enero-septiembre 2017. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo con una muestra de 50 pacientes. Los datos obtenidos fueron procesados con el sistema Epi-info 7.0. Resultados: el estudio muestra que, de los 50 expedientes revisados, 56 % (23) fueron masculinos. La edad mediana fue de 62 años. Utilizando el rango de edad ≥ 60 años como valor pronóstico de óbito, se obtuvo un 66.67 % (14) fallecidos frente a 62.07 % (18) pacientes vivos, (p=0.7382). Un 50 % (8) de los pacientes con valores glucémicos ≥ 180 mg/dl terminaron en defunción intrahospitalarios (p=0.0246) a diferencia de las demás variables, hipertensión e hiperglucemia, que no demostraron relación estadística significativa. Conclusión: el estudio demuestra una posible relación pronóstico negativa de los valores glucémicos elevados al momento de ingreso con relación a óbito, así como la predilección demográfica metropolitana, edad avanzada y sexo masculino.

The neurologic visual impairments in children have multiple etiologies, some are reversible and others aren't. The hydrocephalus is one of them and it is one of the most important and most common etiologies because it can generate permanent impairment. The cause of hydrocephalus is wide, whereof the principal is the interventricular hemorrhage. It generally happens when the germinal matrix bleeds, being very common in preterm newborns. In this article is presented a clinical case of a patient with cerebral palsy in childhood, interventricular hemorrhage and hydrocephalus, product of preterm multiple pregnancy, with optic atrophy in the childhood secondary to ventriculoperitoneal shunt dysfunction. During the rehabilitation and treatment period she received neurorehabilitation sessions, which let her improve the visual acuity and capacity. This case is compared with some others, in where there can be found similarities and differences between the presented cases and the implemented treatment in the recovery course of the visual capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The knowledge and control of the stroke patient can contribute to improve the prognosis. Objective: To characterize geriatric patients with stroke, who enter the intermediate care unit of medicine. Methods: an observational and cross-sectional study was carried out, in geriatric patients admitted with stroke, in the medicine intermediate care room of the Hospital Militar Central Dr. Luis Díaz Soto. The universe was 680 patients with the clinical and imaging diagnosis of stroke. Variables studied were: age, sex, clinical forms, NIHSS indexes, personal pathological history, morbidity, lethality, and dependency status. Results: The ischemic form predominated (94%), the age from 65 to 74 years (40%), the male sex (61.5%) and the NIHSS index less than 20 points (82.7%). High blood pressure, previous cerebrovascular disease and diabetes mellitus were the most frequent antecedents. The lethality was 10.0% and the most frequent complication was bronchopneumonia (16.9%). 40% presented a state of total dependency. Conclusions: Patients were characterized by the predominance of the ischemic form, of the male sex, age between 70 and 79 years, and bronchopneumonia as a complication. The high NIHSS index was associated with an unsatisfactory evolution and although the overall case fatality was not high, the presence of the state of total dependence was important. This requires significant rehabilitation work to achieve an acceptable quality of life.

El diagnóstico y el tratamiento de las complicaciones cerebrales de la emergencia hipertensiva constituyen un reto para los médicos de urgencias y terapia intensiva. Mediante una aproximación diagnóstica basada en las diferentes secuencias de las imágenes por resonancia magnética se llega al diagnóstico de encefalopatía hipertensiva, isquemia cerebral, hemorragia intracraneal, hemorragia subaracnoidea aneurismática, síndrome de encefalopatía posterior reversible y a su inmediato tratamiento ajustado a nuestro medio según las últimas guías de práctica clínica de la AHA/ASA (Asociación Americana del Corazón y Asociación Americana de Ataque Cerebrovascular).

Introduction: a spontaneous cerebral hemorrhage constitutes a global health problem; being the third cause of death, the first of disability in the adult and the second of dementia all over the world. Objective: to characterize clinically and epidemiologically the patients admitted as a consequence of a spontaneous cerebral hemorrhage, at “Dr. Gustavo Aldereguía Lima” General Teaching Hospital, from January to October 2017. Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional observational study, carried out at the Dr. Gustavo Aldereguía Lima General Teaching Hospital in 2017. A sample of 62 patients diagnosed with spontaneous hemorrhagic stroke was reviewed between January 1 and October 31, 2017, reported by the statistics department of this health institution. Socio-demographic and clinical variables, risk factors, among others were analyzed. Statistical processing was performed using SPSS 21.0 for better description of the results. Results: patients older than 50 years, male sex (58,1 %) and white race (74,2 %) predominated, with intraparenchymal hemorrhage being the main stroke (48,4 %). There was also a predominance of a hospital stay greater than 48 hours (79 %), with a mortality of 21 % at discharge, being higher in cerebral meningeal hemorrhage (75 %). Conclusions: intraparenchymal hemorrhage is the most evident cerebral vascular accident; in addition to presenting combined with other types. The minority underwent neurosurgical intervention. Hypertension was the main risk factor associated with stroke in these patients.

A 37 yo men, with history of cranioplasty with titanium mesh 11 years ago due to complicated subdural empyema, presented to the Acute and Emergency Department, after awakening with numbness and pin and needles sensation to the left side of his face, tongue and left arm. The symptoms were more intense at the perioral region and were accompanied by pulsatile right-sided headache. The patient had been submitted to capillary implants 6 hours before the symptoms started. At presentation, he had moderate central facial paresia, decreased sensitivity to pain and touch on his left face and arm, and finger-to-nose dysmetria, with no other findings on the physical examination. Laboratory results showed Hb 15.1g/dL, increased white cell count (19,800/uL) with left axis deviation (84% neutrophils) and mildly increased C-Reactive Protein (5 times the upper normal limit). Platelet count was normal, INR 0.97. Kidney function, electrolytes and hepatic markers were normal. The head computed tomography (CT) scan showed right frontal, temporal and parietal craniectomy with cranioplasty, below which an extensive parenchymatous encephaloclastic lesion was seen. Within this space, several acute cerebral bleeds could be detected (Figure – day 1). There was no midline or ventricular acute changes. The patient was admitted for monitoring and image control. Whilst in hospital, he suffered a tonic-clonic seizure and was started on parenteral anti-convulsive medication, with no further episodes. After 72h, he was discharged to the outpatient neurosurgery clinic, with improved symptoms and overlapping CT findings. On follow-up, despite further epileptic seizures with need for medication titration, blood reabsorption was documented (Figure – days 6 and 11).

Copyright of Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria is the property of Thieme Medical Publishing Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: In the Spanish language, there exists a considerable heterogeneity regarding the translation and use of the term "stroke," which has multiple implications for epidemiology and science as well as the general population. Objective: The objective of the present study was to complete a Delphi exercise on the terminology for the Spanish equivalent for the term "stroke" in a group of Mexican experts in vascular neurology. Methods: A 3-phase consensus process was carried out using the Delphi method. The convened experts who agreed to participate completed an initial questionnaire. Subsequent questionnaires were designed based on the initial results. The final consensus was validated in a different group of researchers. Results: 69 stroke specialists participated in the first round, 78% also participated in the second round, and 72% in all three rounds. From an initial list of 33 terms derived from an initial search of the medical literature in Spanish, a consensus of more than 70% was obtained to designate stroke as: "Enfermedad Vascular Cerebral (EVC)" and ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke as "infarto cerebral" and "hemorragia cerebral," respectively. Likewise, the so-called "stroke units" were designated as "unidades neurovasculares". Conclusions: This is the first work that seeks to solve, through a consensus methodology, the great diversity that exists in the Spanish language regarding the terminology of stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cirugía y Cirujanos is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria is the property of Thieme Medical Publishing Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Universidad Médica Pinareña is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El coriocarcinoma es una variante muy vascularizada, invasiva y poco común de la enfermedad trofoblástica gestacional. Es potencialmente fatal sin tratamiento adecuado y se caracteriza por la proliferación maligna de tejido trofoblástico con una alta tasa de metástasis. Se presenta el caso de una paciente joven con hemorragia intracerebral como primera manifestación de un coriocarcinoma metástasico. Se describen las características clínicas e imagenológicas y se hace una revisión de la literatura actual, con énfasis en los detalles más relevantes respecto al diagnóstico diferencial de la hemorragia intracerebral de presentación atípica y el tratamiento más apropiado.

Introduction: The observation time in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is controversial. Our aim was to assess the risk of neurological complications in mTBI with and without antithrombotic treatment., Method: We retrospectively evaluated patients with mTBI seen in the emergency room for 3 years. We considered MTBI those with Glasgow ≥13 at admission. A cranial CT was performed in all cases with ≥1 risk factor at admission and at 24 h in those with neurological impairment or initial pathological cranial CT. Complications in the following 3 months were retrospectively reviewed., Results: We evaluated 907 patients with a mean age of 73 ± 19 years. Ninety-one percent presented risk factors, with 60% on antithrombotic treatment. We detected 11% of initial brain hemorrhage, 0.4% at 24 h, and no cases at 3 months. Antithrombotic treatment was not associated with an increased risk of brain hemorrhage (9.9% with vs 11.9% without treatment, p = 0.3). 39% of the hemorrhages presented neurological symptoms (18% post-traumatic amnesia, 12% headache, 8% vomiting, 1% seizures), with 78.4% having mild symptoms. Of the 4 hemorrhages detected at 24 h, 3 were asymptomatic and one case that worsened the initial headache. No asymptomatic patient without lesion on initial clinical cranial CT presented at 24 h., Conclusions: Our study suggests that patients with asymptomatic mTBI, without a lesion on the initial cranial CT, would not require the observation period or CT control regardless of antithrombotic treatment or INR level., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier España, S.L.U. and Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna (SEMI). All rights reserved.)

Cerebro-vascular disease is constituted by a group of severe entities which occur when blood supply to a brain zone is interrupted, caused by any anomalies as a result of a pathological process of blood vessels. Cerebro-vascular disease is associated to a high morbidity and mortality, among its complications hemorrhagic transformation occurs in a 6 % of the cases with a high mortality. Hemorrhagic transformation of stroke is one of the most fearful complications. It is presented a case of a patient with pathological antecedents of hypertension and ischemic heart disease who was admitted after having had a brain tomography without contrast which showed mild signs of diffuse cortical atrophy. In addition it was observed a hypodense zone which occupied almost the total hemisphere, reason for which it was decided to diagnose a hemorrhagic transformation of stroke.

Fundamento: la hemorragia intracerebral espontánea es la forma más devastadora e incapacitante, y menos tratable de los ictus, ninguna terapéutica ha mostrado probados beneficios para mejorar sus consecuencias, ni reducir la mortalidad. Objetivo: identificar los factores pronóstico de muerte en la hemorragia intracerebral supratentorial espontánea. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de cohorte única con 176 pacientes, con diagnóstico clínico y por neuroimagen de hemorragia intracerebral supratentorial espontánea, admitidos de modo consecutivo en la sala de ictus del Hospital General Provincial Carlos Manuel de Céspedes, desde enero del 2013 hasta noviembre del 2015. Los predictores independientes se obtuvieron usando la regresión logística multivariable. Resultados: el 74,4 % eran hipertensos, la media de edad entre los fallecidos fue de 67,45 ± 14,84 años. Falleció el 43,8 % del total de pacientes estudiados. Los sujetos con desenlace fatal tenían menor puntuación en la escala de Glasgow (10,00 ± 3,47 vs. 14,00 ± 1,93), mayor volumen del hematoma en cm3 (26,27± 36,86 vs. 6,19 ± 19,59), y desplazamiento de las estructuras del línea media (2,00 ± 5,95 vs. 0,00 ± 4,49). Se identificaron los siguientes variables pronósticas: Glasgow ≤ 10 puntos (Exp (B): 10,74; IC 95 % 4,69 a 24,59), volumen del hematoma ≥ 20 cm3(Exp (B): 4,44; IC 95% 1,95 a 10,06), y la presión del pulso ≥ 60 mmHg (Exp (B): 2,42; IC 95% 1,10 a 5,33); el área bajo la curva ROC fue de 0,85. Conclusiones: la escala de Glasgow es la variable independiente con mayor influencia para pronosticar la muerte en pacientes con hemorragia intracerebral espontánea.

Intraventricular hemorrhage is a serious disease that usually occurs in the first hours or days of life, especially in premature infants weighing less than 1500 g. We present the case of full-term newborn with normal birth weight who was non-institutionally delivered. At 17 days old, he was referred to the Paquito González Cueto Hospital because of fever and seizures. Subsequently, he was admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. Increased head circumference, tense anterior fontanelle and global hypertonia were found. A transfontanelle ultrasound revealed a subependymal/intraventricular hemorrhage. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were used to confirm the diagnosis. Symptoms and echoencephalographic results improved as occurs in 65% of cases. We decided to present this case since the condition developed in a full-term newborn with normal weight, which is unusual, and the fact that he was born outside a hospital. Although the relationship between this fact and the disease could not be established, it helps general practitioners to develop the ability to consider such serious diseases in cases that do not necessarily meet what is classically described.

La hemorragia intraventricular es una grave enfermedad que suele presentarse en las primeras horas o días después del nacimiento pretérmino en niños con peso inferior a 1 500 g. Se presenta el caso de un recién nacido a término, con peso adecuado, masculino, producto de parto no institucional, que a los 17 días fue remitido al Hospital Paquito González Cueto, con fiebre y convulsiones. Ingresó en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos. Se constató aumento del perímetro cefálico, fontanela anterior tensa e hipertonía global. La ecografía transfontanelar reveló hemorragia subependimaria/intraventricular. Se realizó tomografía computarizada y resonancia magnética para confirmar diagnóstico. La sintomatología y resultados ecoencefalográficos presentaron una evolución satisfactoria como ocurre en el 65 % de casos. Se decidió la presentación del caso por manifestarse la entidad en un recién nacido a término y con peso adecuado, lo que es poco usual y por darse la circunstancia de haber nacido fuera de una institución hospitalaria, por lo que, aunque no se pudo establecer la relación entre este hecho y la enfermedad, contribuye a que los médicos generalistas desarrollen la habilidad de sospechar diagnósticos de tal gravedad en casos que no necesariamente se ajusten a lo que está clásicamente descrito como más frecuente.

Este caso clínico muestra los resultados del análisis e intervención interdisciplinar que se realizó en una paciente femenina de 8 años diagnosticada a la edad de 3 años con enfermedad de moyamoya. Remitida para evaluación, se encontró estenosis progresiva de las arterias cerebrales. La evaluación del desarrollo motor mostró poca agilidad motora gruesa y fina, bajo tono, debilidad muscular, dificultad para establecer movimientos alternos y simultáneos, además dificultad al masticar y deglutir, por lo que requirió ajuste de la minuta alimenticia por parte de nutrición. Falta de control esfinteriano. En los aspectos cognitivos se evidenció déficit, falta de comprensión de órdenes, desconocimiento de categorías semánticas, falta de seguimiento de instrucciones, tratado por fonoaudiología y terapia ocupacional. Estado emocional preservado, capacidad de establecer vínculos afectivos y empatía; en lo familiar se presentó disfuncionalidad familiar por miembro enfermo, que es el eje central en la di - námica familiar, negligencia familiar con otros miembros, desajuste de roles. Se estableció intervención psicoterapéutica, con enfoque cognitivo conductual, apoyado en el modelo de Terapia Racional Emotiva, Psicoeducación, Terapia familiar sistémica. Seguimiento médico con fármacos y evaluación de pruebas diagnósticas. En tres años de seguimiento se evidenció: adaptación progresiva en adquisición de habilidades sociales, reacciones afectivas en su núcleo familiar y entorno, lo cual permitió concluir que las estrategias adoptadas generaron un cambio significativo en el contexto familiar, con adopción de factores protec - tores, identificación de roles, cambios en la adherencia, lo que en conjunto permitió mejoras en la calidad de vida y clínica de la paciente.