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The role of inflammation in the etiology of psychotic disorders (PD) is well-established. This study aimed to identify inflammation parameters in patients diagnosed with PD, assess their potential as biomarkers, and examine their relationship with criminal behavior. This retrospective study comprised three groups: 530 patients diagnosed with PD who had committed crimes (offenders with PD), 530 patients with PD who had not committed crimes (non-offenders with PD), and 530 healthy controls, totaling 1,590 participants. Routine hematological tests were used to measure neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, and platelet counts, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII), and neutrophil/HDL (NHR), lymphocyte/HDL, platelet/HDL (PHR), and monocyte/HDL (MHR) ratios. Offenders with PD exhibited significantly higher levels of SII, SIRI, PHR, NHR, LHR, neutrophils, and monocytes compared to non-offenders with PD and healthy controls (p < 0.001). The criminal group had lower HDL and lymphocyte levels than the remaining two groups (p < 0.001). Among those treated in forensic psychiatry units, patients with two or more treatments showed significantly higher SIRI values compared to those with only one treatment (p = 0.045). Non-offenders with PD had higher platelet values than the remaining two groups (p < 0.001). This study underscores the role of systemic inflammation in the pathophysiology of psychotic disorders through a comparison of patients who have and have not committed crimes, highlighting the relationship between inflammation and lipid metabolism. Further research is required to clarify these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Avian hematologic characteristics complicate evaluation; therefore, complete blood cell counts require manual analysis for best accuracy. Furthermore, the quality of samples may be affected by prolonged shipment. Blood was collected from the right jugular vein of twenty-four, 7-year-old (14 male, 10 female), wild-type cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus). Smears were prepared using fresh, untreated blood. The remainder was divided into dipotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and lithium heparin microtainers. A hematocrit tube and blood smear were prepared at baseline, 24, 48, and 72 hours after venipuncture. Packed cell volume (PCV), total solids (TS), estimated white blood cell (WBC) count, WBC differential (heterophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils), hemolysis index (HI), and preparation quality were assessed and compared to baseline. After log transformation, the effects of anticoagulants across time points were compared. Heparinized samples had significant differences in WBC, heterophil, and lymphocyte counts at 48 hours, and PCV and TS at 72 hours compared to baseline. There was a positive proportional bias in PCV and TS from EDTA anticoagulant samples at 24, 48, and 72 hours, and from heparinized samples at 48 and 72 hours compared to baseline. The EDTA samples had increased PCV and TS compared to heparin at all time points, and higher WBC and heterophil counts at 48 hours compared to baseline. A type II methodological error cannot be excluded. These results suggest that the anticoagulant used and time spent in anticoagulant alters hematologic values in cockatiels, which may have significant clinical implications. The importance of sample processing within 24 hours and anticoagulant-specific reference intervals for hematologic variables should be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laboratory data, especially a general blood test, play an important role in the treatment of infectious diseases, including COVID-19. However, in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and COVID-19, a general blood test is rarely analyzed and is insufficient to fully assess an impact of the new coronavirus infection on patients with cardiac diseases. The aim of the study was to analyze a COVID-19 effect on hemogram parameters in the early recovery period of patients with coronary heart disease. The study was performed at the Kursk City Clinical Hospital for Emergency Medical Care in the years 2021–2022, which involved 58 mature-aged patients (45–59 years old) suffering from coronary heart disease who had a new coronavirus infection and 62 elderly patients suffering from coronary heart disease alone. Morning blood sampling was carried out from the forearm superficial veins into Vacutainer test tubes added with a coagulation activator. In elderly patients, 3–4 weeks after recovery, significant changes in red blood parameters persisted — a decline in the level of peripheral blood erythrocytes, hemoglobin and hematocrit. Elderly patients with coronary heart disease comorbid with a moderate new coronavirus infection, 3–4 weeks later had also higher count of leukocytes, neutrophils, segmented neutrophils and ESR level relative to comparison group. It should be noted that in the early convalescence period elderly patients with coronary heart disease and COVID-19 had significantly elevated ESR, which confirms ongoing sustained inflammatory process. After evaluating the information content according to the calculated Kullback informativeness assessment for analyzed general blood test parameters, it was found to peak for platelet and leukocyte counts as well as ESR level. Thus, among the analyzed indicators in the general blood test, it turned out that platelet and leukocyte count along with ESR level were most informative and of prognostic significance during early convalescent period of elderly patients with coronary heart disease comorbid with a new coronavirus infection, which are proposed to be used as biomarkers of early convalescent period.

Background: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the primary cause of maternal mortality globally, with uterine atony being the predominant contributing factor. However, accurate prediction of PPH in the general population remains challenging due to a lack of reliable biomarkers. Methods: Using retrospective cohort data, we quantified 48 cytokines in plasma samples from 40 women diagnosed with PPH caused by uterine atony. We also analyzed previously reported hemogram and coagulation parameters related to inflammatory response. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and logistic regression were applied to develop predictive models. Established models were further evaluated and temporally validated in a prospective cohort. Results: Fourteen factors showed significant differences between the two groups, among which IL2Ra, IL9, MIP1b, TNFb, CTACK, prenatal Hb, Lymph%, PLR, and LnSII were selected by LASSO to construct predictive model A. Further, by logistic regression, model B was constructed using prenatal Hb, PLR, IL2Ra, and IL9. The area under the curve (AUC) values of model A in the training set, internal validation set, and temporal validation set were 0.846 (0.757–0.934), 0.846 (0.749–0.930), and 0.875 (0.789–0.961), respectively. And the corresponding AUC values for model B were 0.805 (0.709–0.901), 0.805 (0.701–0.894), and 0.901 (0.824–0.979). Decision curve analysis results showed that both nomograms had a high net benefit for predicting atonic PPH. Conclusion: We identified novel biomarkers and developed predictive models for atonic PPH in women undergoing “low-risk” vaginal delivery, providing immunological insights for further exploration of the mechanism underlying atonic PPH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Early diagnosis of the mixed infection of ixodic tick-borne borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis can be difficult without laboratory confirmation of the diagnosis.The aim. To assess clinical and laboratory predictors in patients for building the models of early differential diagnosis between mixed infection of erythema form of ixodic tick-borne borreliosis and febrile form of tick-borne encephalitis and monoinfection of erythema form of ixodic tick-borne borreliosis.Materials and methods. The clinical study included 26 patients with mixed infection of the erythema form of ixodic tick-borne borreliosis with tick-borne encephalitis (mean age – 46.7 years) and 30 patients with monoinfection of the erythema form of ixodic tick-borne borreliosis (mean age – 48.5 years). 59 clinical, epidemiological and laboratory parameters, including 6 leukocyte blood indices, standard and extended hemogram profiles were studied in these patients the first week of the disease. For statistical analysis, we used Pearson and Mann – Whitney goodness-of-fit tests, ROC analysis with calculation of the area under curve (AUC) and logistic regression. Results. Patients with mixed infection, compared to the patients with monoinfection, had increased odds of having febrile fever, weakness, headache and orbital pain; meningism symptoms occurred only in patients with mixed infection. Early predictors of a preliminary diagnosis of mixed infection were elevated values of fever (AUC = 0.87), intoxication syndrome score (AUC = 0.71), leukocyte count (AUC = 0.64) and neutrophils (AUC = 0.71) in the hemogram, levels of leukocyte intoxication index according to V.K. Ostrovsky (AUC = 0.67) and neutrophil-leukocyte index (AUC = 0.65), as well as a decrease in the number of platelets (AUC = 0.77), eosinophils (AUC = 0.72) and basophils (AUC = 0.79) in peripheral blood. Two prognostic models which included clinical and laboratory parameters demonstrated excellent prediction of mixed infection (AUC = 0.90 and AUC = 0.91).Conclusion. Early clinical and laboratory predictors have been established and models have been developed that make it possible, with excellent prognosis quality, to calculate in patients the probability of a preliminary diagnosis of mixed infection of the erythema form of ixodic tick-borne borreliosis with tick-borne encephalitis in comparison with borreliosis monoinfection.

Objective: Hypotonia, lethargy, eczema, alopecia, conjunctivitis, ataxia, hearing loss, optic atrophy, cognitive retardation, and seizures can be seen in biotinidase deficiency. This study aimed to compare the hemogram values of infants with biotinidase deficiency and healthy infants. Material and Method: Hemogram data of 35 cases who were found to have biotinidase deficiency with the neonatal screening program and 41 healthy infants were recorded retrospectively. Results: While 51.4% of 35 cases in the patient group were male and the mean age at presentation was 19,02±5,485 days, 51.2% of 41 cases in the control group were male and the mean age at presentation was 15,41±7,269 days. While a statistically significant elevation was found in the total leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, thrombocyte, MPV, PCT and MCHC values in the patient group compared to the control group; a statistically significant decrease was detected in basophil, MCV and RDW values. Conclusion: In the patients with biotinidase deficiency, higher levels of white blood cells, lymphocytes and platelets were detected compared to the control group. These higher rates are thought to be a part of the mechanism leading to immune dysfunction and hair and skin abnormalities in biotinidase deficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimizing early breast cancer (BC) detection requires effective risk assessment tools. This retrospective study from Brazil showcases the efficacy of machine learning in discerning complex patterns within routine blood tests, presenting a globally accessible and cost-effective approach for risk evaluation. We analyzed complete blood count (CBC) tests from 396,848 women aged 40–70, who underwent breast imaging or biopsies within six months after their CBC test. Of these, 2861 (0.72%) were identified as cases: 1882 with BC confirmed by anatomopathological tests, and 979 with highly suspicious imaging (BI-RADS 5). The remaining 393,987 participants (99.28%), with BI-RADS 1 or 2 results, were classified as controls. The database was divided into modeling (including training and validation) and testing sets based on diagnostic certainty. The testing set comprised cases confirmed by anatomopathology and controls cancer-free for 4.5–6.5 years post-CBC. Our ridge regression model, incorporating neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio, red blood cells, and age, achieved an AUC of 0.64 (95% CI 0.64–0.65). We also demonstrate that these results are slightly better than those from a boosting machine learning model, LightGBM, plus having the benefit of being fully interpretable. Using the probabilistic output from this model, we divided the study population into four risk groups: high, moderate, average, and low risk, which obtained relative ratios of BC of 1.99, 1.32, 1.02, and 0.42, respectively. The aim of this stratification was to streamline prioritization, potentially improving the early detection of breast cancer, particularly in resource-limited environments. As a risk stratification tool, this model offers the potential for personalized breast cancer screening by prioritizing women based on their individual risk, thereby indicating a shift from a broad population strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Tonsillectomy is a common surgery performed for indications such as chronic tonsilitis, tonsil hypertrophy and obsructive sleep apnea. Although posttonsillectomy bleeding (PTB) is rare and can be controlled with simple interventions in many patients, it is one of the most feared complications of tonsillectomy surgery. In our study, we investigated the effects of changes in hemogram and coagulation values and seasonal effects on PTB. Methods: Pediatric and adult patients who underwent tonsillectomy with cold knife method between August 2020 and August 2023 in our clinic were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic data, hemogram and coagulation values of the patients in the control and study groups were recorded and the differences between the two groups in terms of these parameters were evaluated. Results: Our study included 991 patients aged 1–51 years. The rate of PTB was calculated as 2.82%. No patient with primary PTB was found. The duration of bleeding development was 7.03 days. Age, WBC and neutrophil values were statistically significantly higher in the study group. There were no significant differences between two groups in terms of gender, season and other hemogram and coagulation parameters. Conclusions: Age, high WBC and neutrophil levels were determined as possible risk factors for PTB. Seasonal and gender distribution, aPTT and INR values were similar in the two groups. In order to prevent and predict bleeding, detailed infection investigation should be performed and the risk of bleeding should be considered to increase with increasing age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Design: Isotretinoin, a vitamin A derivative, is widely used to treat moderate and severe acne. Although the effect of systemic isotretinoin treatment on hemogram parameters has been demonstrated, the results are still controversial. In the present study, we investigated the effect of isotretinoin on biochemical parameters, hemogram, and inflammatory markers in the Black Sea Region. Materials and Methods: Medical data of 300 patients with moderate and severe acne vulgaris who received systemic isotretinoin treatment for at least three months were analyzed retrospectively. Hemogram parameters, serum creatinine levels, liver transaminase levels, serum lipid levels, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and monocyte/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratios were evaluated before and three months after the treatment. Results: A significant decrease was found in leukocyte count, red blood cell count, neutrophil count, monocyte count, HDL levels, and NLR after three months of treatment compared to the baseline. A significant increase was found in platelet count, plateletcrit (PCT), platelet distribution width (PDW), red cell distribution width, hematocrit, mean erythrocyte hemoglobin, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, and aspartate aminotransferase levels. Conclusion: According to our results, isotretinoin can affect several hemogram and biochemical parameters. In addition, this article is the only article demonstrating a decrease in monocyte count and an increase in PDW and PCT levels after the treatment of isotretinoin in the literature.

Background: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by fatigable weakness of the voluntary muscles and can exacerbate to life-threatening myasthenic crisis (MC), requiring intensive care treatment. Routine laboratory parameters are a cost-effective and widely available method for estimating the clinical outcomes of several diseases, but so far, such parameters have not been established to detect disease progression in MG. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of selected laboratory parameters related to inflammation and hemogram for MG patients with MC compared to MG patients without MC. To identify potential risk factors for MC, we applied time-varying Cox regression for time to MC and, as a sensitivity analysis, generalized estimating equations logistic regression for the occurrence of MC at the next patient visit. Results: 15 of the 58 examined MG patients suffered at least one MC. There was no notable difference in the occurrence of MC by antibody status or sex. Both regression models showed that higher counts of basophils (per 0.01 unit increase: HR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.02-1.70), neutrophils (per 1 unit increase: HR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.14-1.72), potentially leukocytes (per 1 unit increase: HR = 1.15, 95% CI = 0.99-1.34), and platelets (per 100 units increase: HR = 1.54, 95% CI = 0.99-2.38) may indicate increased risk for a myasthenic crisis. Conclusion: This pilot study provides proof of the concept that increased counts of basophils, neutrophils, leukocytes, and platelets may be associated with a higher risk of developing MC in patients with MG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Design: Isotretinoin, a vitamin A derivative, is widely used to treat moderate and severe acne. Although the effect of systemic isotretinoin treatment on hemogram parameters has been demonstrated, the results are still controversial. In the present study, we investigated the effect of isotretinoin on biochemical parameters, hemogram, and inflammatory markers in the Black Sea Region. Materials and Methods: Medical data of 300 patients with moderate and severe acne vulgaris who received systemic isotretinoin treatment for at least three months were analyzed retrospectively. Hemogram parameters, serum creatinine levels, liver transaminase levels, serum lipid levels, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and monocyte/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratios were evaluated before and three months after the treatment. Results: A significant decrease was found in leukocyte count, red blood cell count, neutrophil count, monocyte count, HDL levels, and NLR after three months of treatment compared to the baseline. A significant increase was found in platelet count, plateletcrit (PCT), platelet distribution width (PDW), red cell distribution width, hematocrit, mean erythrocyte hemoglobin, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, and aspartate aminotransferase levels. Conclusion: According to our results, isotretinoin can affect several hemogram and biochemical parameters. In addition, this article is the only article demonstrating a decrease in monocyte count and an increase in PDW and PCT levels after the treatment of isotretinoin in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Pulmonary embolism is an urgent health problem and causes high morbidity and mortality when diagnosis is delayed. In addition, detecting the severity of the disease early and starting appropriate treatment prevents complications and mortality due to pulmonary embolism. In recent years, efforts to determine the severity of pulmonary embolism with hemogram parameters that can be easily performed anywhere and anytime, instead of time-consuming and costly examinations, have increased. Right ventricular dysfunction, which indicates the severity of pulmonary embolism, is determined by echocardiography. In this study, we investigated the relationship between inflammatory parameters in the hemogram and immature granulocytes, a new parameter, with right ventricular dysfunction in order to screen for the necessity of echocardiography in pulmonary embolism. METHODS: 57 patients admitted to the university hospital between January 1, 2018 and July 1, 2023 and diagnosed with pulmonary embolism by computed tomography pulmonary angiography were included in the study. Demographic, echocardiographic, radiological and laboratory data of the cases were obtained from hospital records and the results were analyzed retrospectively RESULTS: Of the 57 patients included in the study, 36 (63.2%) were male and 21 (36.8%) were female. There were 18 (31.6%) patients with right ventricular dysfunction and 39 (68.4%) patients without. Mean age was 52.39+-15.56. A significant correlation was found between right ventricular dysfunction and immature granulocyte count (p

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the significance of the red blood cell distribution-to-platelet ratio (RPR) as a diagnostic indicator, derived from the initial hemogram measurements of patients who underwent emergent surgical treatment for acute leg embolism, by comparing it to a control group of healthy individuals. Methods: The study included 48 patients who underwent femoral embolectomy for acute lower limb ischemia, while an additional 49 individuals were enrolled as a control group. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were compared between the two groups. Using the receiver operating characteristic curve to determine the RPR cutoff value, the area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated. Results: The age and gender distribution of both groups were comparable. The admission RPR values of patients who underwent surgery for acute embolism were statistically higher compared to healthy individuals (0.0677 (IQR: 0.0547-0.0803) vs. 0.0504 (IQR: 0.0441-0.0572), p

BackgroundMyasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by fatigable weakness of the voluntary muscles and can exacerbate to life-threatening myasthenic crisis (MC), requiring intensive care treatment. Routine laboratory parameters are a cost-effective and widely available method for estimating the clinical outcomes of several diseases, but so far, such parameters have not been established to detect disease progression in MG.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of selected laboratory parameters related to inflammation and hemogram for MG patients with MC compared to MG patients without MC. To identify potential risk factors for MC, we applied time-varying Cox regression for time to MC and, as a sensitivity analysis, generalized estimating equations logistic regression for the occurrence of MC at the next patient visit.Results15 of the 58 examined MG patients suffered at least one MC. There was no notable difference in the occurrence of MC by antibody status or sex. Both regression models showed that higher counts of basophils (per 0.01 unit increase: HR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.02–1.70), neutrophils (per 1 unit increase: HR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.14–1.72), potentially leukocytes (per 1 unit increase: HR = 1.15, 95% CI = 0.99–1.34), and platelets (per 100 units increase: HR = 1.54, 95% CI = 0.99–2.38) may indicate increased risk for a myasthenic crisis.ConclusionThis pilot study provides proof of the concept that increased counts of basophils, neutrophils, leukocytes, and platelets may be associated with a higher risk of developing MC in patients with MG.

Monocytes and neutrophils play key roles in the cytokine storm triggered by SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, which changes their conformation and function. These changes are detectable at the cellular and molecular level and may be different to what is observed in other respiratory infections. Here, we applied machine learning (ML) to develop and validate an algorithm to diagnose COVID‐19 using blood parameters. In this retrospective single‐center study, 49 hemogram parameters from 12,321 patients with clinical suspicion of COVID‐19 and tested by RT‐PCR (4239 positive and 8082 negative) were analysed. The dataset was randomly divided into training and validation sets. Blood cell parameters and patient age were used to construct the predictive model with the support vector machine (SVM) tool. The model constructed from the training set (5936 patients) achieved an accuracy for diagnosis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection of 0.952 (95% CI: 0.875–0.892). Test sensitivity and specificity was 0.868 and 0.899, respectively, with a positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive value of 0.896 and 0.872, respectively (prevalence 0.50). The validation set model (4964 patients) achieved an accuracy of 0.894 (95% CI: 0.883–0.903). Test sensitivity and specificity was 0.8922 and 0.8951, respectively, with a positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive value of 0.817 and 0.94, respectively (prevalence 0.34). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.952 for the algorithm performance. This algorithm may allow to rule out COVID‐19 diagnosis with 94% of probability. This represents a great advance for early diagnostic orientation and guiding clinical decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Essential thrombocythemia is one of the chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms characterized by clonal proliferation of myeloid cells with variable morphological maturation and hematopoietic activity. It is characterized by excessive clonal platelet production with a tendency to thrombosis and bleeding. Thrombocytapheresıs is the removal of platelets by apheresis techniques. Thrombocytapheresıs is generally recommended in patients with essential thrombocythemia with acute, severe thrombotic or hemorrhagic events. The study included 39 patients who were diagnosed with essential thrombocythemia, started cytoreductive and aspirin therapy, and underwent thrombocytapheresıs due to the development of acute severe thrombotic or hemorrhagic events, diagnosed in the adult hematology clinic of İnönü University Turgut Ozal Medical Center. Hemogram and biochemistry values of the patients were scanned retrospectively. After thrombocytapheresıs, a statistically significant difference was found between the first and last measurements of hemoglobin, mean platelet volume, White blood cell, neutrophil, platelet, platelet distribution width, creatine, lactate dehydrogenase, fibronogen and calcium levels of the patients. The use of thrombocytapheresıs in patients with essential thrombocytosis causes a rapid decrease in platelet values as well as an effect on hemogram and biochemistry parameters. Other hemogram and biochemistry parameters such as platelet value should be monitored in patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem statement. To ensure the accurate prescription of physical exertion in sports, physical education, and rehabilitation, it is crucial to employ criteria of adequacythat signify the compatibility of physical exertion with the body's functional capabilities. Objective. This study aimed to establish criteria for assessing the adequacy of physical activity, utilizing hemogram indicators and coagulation homeostasis parameters in the context of extreme physical activity. Materials and methods. The research involved two groups of 46 male sprinters aged 18-20 years. The first group (GI) comprised highly skilled athletes (Category I - MS, n = 21), while the second group (GII) included less skilled athletes (Categories II-III, n = 25). Additionally, a control group (CG) comprised healthy volunteers of the corresponding age and sex who were not engaged in sports (n = 12). Changes of the complete blood count and separate indicators of coagulation homeostasis at rest, under conditions of maximum physical load "to failure" and during recovery were studied. The results. It was established that some indicators of hemogram and indicators of coagulation homeostasis changed differently in low-and highskilledathletes during extreme physical load and during recovery. Athletes of different qualifications differed in the dynamics of the following hemogram indicators (markers): hemoglobin concentration, red blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, white blood cell count total, number of segmented neutrophils, leukocyte intoxication index. These parameters were higher in low-than in high-skilled athletes. The low-skilled athletes also had greater changes of indicators that characterize the tendency to hypercoagulation. Close correlations between these marker indicators and parameters of coagulation homeostasis were also established. Discussion. The marker indicators changed more in low- than in high-skilled athletes, because these athleteshad less developed mechanisms of regulation of adaptive and compensatory states in conditions of physical exertion "to failure". An increase in marker indicators signaled unfavorable changes in the body of low-skilled athletes when physically overworked. This was confirmed by an increase in the tendency to hypercoagulation with its known pathogenetic effect on the body. Conclusions. The obtained data confirm that the hemogram indicators and the indicators of coagulation homeostasis can be markers of the functional state for assessing adaptive reactions of athletes to intensive physical work. They can also be used as markers when dosing exercises in physical education and rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study utilized fifty bull calves of the Continental × British crossbreed, with an average body weight of 147.0 ± 1.67 kg (BW), in a completely randomized design. The objective was to examine the impact of varying levels and duration of calcium propionate (CaPr) supplementation on the growth performance, body fat reserves, serum metabolites, and hemogram of high-risk newly received stocker calves. These calves were individually housed and fed a received diet for 56 d. The calves received the following treatments: (1) no CaPr (CTL), (2) 20 g CaPr/calf/d, (3) 40 g CaPr/calf/d, (4) 60 g CaPr/calf/d, and (5) 80 g CaPr/calf/d at 14, 28, 42, and 56 d after their arrival. Supplementing with 20 g CaPr from 28 to 56 d after arrival increased average daily gain (ADG) and BW (p < 0.05), and DMI was not affected (p > 0.05). This was reflected at 28 d with increases (p < 0.05) in the ADG/DMI ratio and longissimus muscle area (LMA), and at 56 d in back fat thickness (BFT) and fat thickness at the rump (FTR). Also, with 20 g, blood urea nitrogen decreased (p < 0.05), and increases were observed in the activity of gamma glutamyltransferase, monocytes (quadratic trend, p < 0.07), and granulocytes % (quadratic effect, p < 0.03). However, as the level of CaPr increased during the first 14 d after arrival, daily water intake, creatinine, total cholesterol, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (linear effect, p < 0.05), globulin, calcium, and mean corpuscular volume (linear trend, p = 0.08) increased, while alkaline phosphatase (linear trend, p = 0.07) and lymphocytes (linear effect, p = 0.05) decreased. Finally, the different levels of CaPr supplementation did not produce any significant effects or differences (p > 0.05) in the remaining serum metabolites and hemogram (p > 0.05). Ultimately, the inclusion of 20 g CaPr/calf/d in the diet for 28 d in newly received stocker calves increased ADG, ADG/DMI ratio, and LMA. If extended to 42 or 56 d, the increases in ADG persisted, but there was also a rise in body fat reserves (BFT and FTR) at the expense of a reduction in the ADG/DMI ratio. Furthermore, the different supplementation levels did not impact the reference range for most serum metabolites or the health of stocker calves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Reference intervals for hematology and serum biochemistry parameters are of great help when assessing health status and diagnosing diseases of animals. Reference intervals may vary between different subspecies of the same species. Giant pandas are the flagship species in world conservation, and include two subspecies, Ailuropoda melanoleuca qinlingensis and Ailuropoda melanoleuca sichuanensis. The former is rarer, but so far there is no reference intervals for hematology and serum biochemistry in them, which affects the protection of these pandas. The aim of this work was to establish reference intervals for hematology and serum biochemistry parameters in Ailuropoda melanoleuca qinlingensis and compare them with those of Ailuropoda melanoleuca sichuanensis. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a hemogram baseline and RIs for hematological and serum biochemical parameters in Ailuropoda melanoleuca qinlingensis. The result showed that some hematological and serum biochemical parameters in Ailuropoda melanoleuca qinlingensis are indeed different from those of Ailuropoda melanoleuca sichuanensis. The results may be used to elucidate the health and welfare status of Ailuropoda melanoleuca qinlingensis in rescuing centers, and may also benefit diagnosing and treating sick or injured Ailuropoda melanoleuca qinlingensis, thereby contributing to the conservation of this species in the future. Giant pandas are the flagship species in world conservation, and include two subspecies, Ailuropoda melanoleuca qinlingensis (A. m. qinlingensis) and Ailuropoda melanoleuca sichuanensis (A. m. sichuanensis). Hematology and serum biochemistry studies are crucial to protecting giant pandas. Even though research on hematology and serum biochemistry are well-established in A. m. sichuanensis, research in A. m. qinlingensis is scarce. The study aimed to (1) establish a baseline for hemogram and reference intervals (RIs) for hematological and serum biochemical parameters in A. m. qinlingensis, (2) assess the possible variations in these parameters of A. m. qinlingensis based on age, gender, and storage condition of blood samples, and (3) compare the parameters to those of A. m. sichuanensis. Blood samples (n = 42) were collected from healthy A. m. qinlingensis (n = 21) housed in Shaanxi (Louguantai) Rare Wildlife Rescue and Breeding Research Center, and hematological (n = 25) and serum biochemical parameters (n = 18) were analyzed in March and December of 2019. The results showed no significant abnormality in the blood smears of all individuals in this study, except for a few serrated red blood cells, platelet aggregations, and occasionally giant platelets. Between sub-adult and adult A. m. qinlingensis, there were significant differences in five hematological and one serum biochemical parameter (p < 0.05), whereas six serum biochemical parameters were present when α = 0.1 (p < 0.1). Gender influenced % NEU, % LYM, % EOS, LYM, EOS, GGT, and CHOL of A. m. qinlingensis. The majority of the hematological and serum biochemical parameters of A. m. qinlingensis were different from those of A. m. sichuanensis regarding age and gender. The anticoagulant whole blood samples of A. m. qinlingensis stored at 2–8 °C for 24 h and the serum samples stored at −18 °C for 48 h had little influence on the values of hematological and serum biochemical parameters. In conclusion, this study provided a baseline of hemogram and established RIs for hematological and serum biochemical parameters of A. m. qinlingensis. RIs of A. m. sichuanensis reported before were not completely fit for A. m. qinlingensis, and age, gender, or the storage condition of blood samples influenced some of the parameters of A. m. qinlingensis. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a hemogram baseline and RIs for hematological and serum biochemical parameters of A. m. qinlingensis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the significance of the red blood cell distribution-to-platelet ratio (RPR) as a diagnostic indicator, derived from the initial hemogram measurements of patients who underwent emergent surgical treatment for acute leg embolism, by comparing it to a control group of healthy individuals. Methods: The study included 48 patients who underwent femoral embolectomy for acute lower limb ischemia, while an additional 49 individuals were enrolled as a control group. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were compared between the two groups. Using the receiver operating characteristic curve to determine the RPR cutoff value, the area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated. Results: The age and gender distribution of both groups were comparable. The admission RPR values of patients who underwent surgery for acute embolism were statistically higher compared to healthy individuals (0.0677 (IQR: 0.0547-0.0803) vs. 0.0504 (IQR: 0.0441-0.0572), p<0.001). The area under the curve for acute extremity embolism was determined as 0.832, and the RPR cut-off value of 0.566 was found to predict acute extremity embolism with a sensitivity of 72.9% and a specificity of 73.5% (p<0.001). Conclusion: Our findings provide preliminary evidence that RPR can be used as a novel diagnostic indicator for acute leg embolism. Rather than being used diagnostically alone, it is thought that a comprehensive evaluation of this ratio, when combined with the patient’s medical history and other clinical findings, has the potential to expedite the diagnostic process, particularly in healthcare settings with limited access to imaging resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

H3N2 and Omicron are common pathogens of respiratory infections in children. This study aimed to explore dynamic changes of lymphocyte subsets and the diagnostic value of CD19+ B cell in children infected with influenza A and Omicron. One hundred and sixty‐five in‐patients with H3N2, 175 in‐patients with Omicron variant, and 50 age‐matched healthy children from Children's Hospital of Soochow University were included in this study. The participants underwent 13 respiratory pathogens by DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR), sputum culture, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐COV‐2) DNA PCR, routine blood, and lymphocyte subset assays within 24 h of admission. The neutrophils, neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, and monocyte‐to‐lymphocyte ratio in the H3N2 and Omicron groups were significantly higher than in the control groups (p < 0.05). However, the lymphocytes and eosinophils in the H3N2 and Omicron groups were lower than the control groups (p < 0.05). The CD3+ T cell, CD3+CD4+ T cell, CD3+CD8+ T cell, CD3−CD19+ B cell, and natural killer cell were lower in the H3N2 and Omicron groups than in the control group (p < 0.05). The CD3−CD19+ cell in the Omicron group was higher than that in the H3N2 group but lower than that in the control group (p < 0.05). In addition, CD3−CD19+ cell had good diagnostic value for H3N2 (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.902, p < 0.05). The children with H3N2 were more likely to have lower lymphocytes than children with Omicron. Additionally, B‐cell count had good diagnostic value for H3N2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reference interval is the primary tool used to interpret laboratory test results. Each laboratory should determine reference intervals (RIs) that reflect their population. In this study, it was aimed to determine the RIs of hemogram routine and advanced clinical test parameters for our hospital and region by indirect method and to compare these calculated RIs with the limits recommended by the current manufacturer and the literature.

Hematological traits are important indicators of health status, and they are frequently used as criteria for clinical diagnosis. In humans, the genomic architecture of blood traits has been investigated in depth and thousands of associations with genetic variants have been found. In contrast, the association between marker genotypes and the variation of hematological traits has not been investigated in goats yet. Herewith, we have recorded 12 hematological parameters in 882 Murciano‐Granadina goats that were also genotyped with the Goat SNP50 BeadChip (Illumina). Performance of a univariate genome‐wide association study (GWAS) made it possible to detect one genomic region on goat chromosome (CHI) 21 (19.2–19.5 Mb) associated, at the genome‐wide level of significance, with 4 red blood cell traits. The three markers displaying the highest significances were rs268272996 (CHI21: 19225290 bp), rs268273004 (CHI21: 19565629 bp) and rs268239059 (CHI13: 9615190 bp). Consistently, a multivariate GWAS indicated that the rs268273004 marker on chromosome 21 is associated with seven blood cell traits. Interestingly, this marker maps close to the FA Complementation Group I (FANCI) gene (CHI21: 20021947–20077025 bp), which is functionally related to Fanconi anemia, a syndrome characterized by bone marrow failure, aplastic anemia, and congenital disorders. We have also uncovered additional chromosome‐wide significant associations between genetic markers and erythrocyte and leukocyte traits in the univariate GWAS. These findings evidence that the phenotypic variation of hematological traits in goats is regulated, at least to some extent, by polygenic determinants distributed in multiple chromosomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It was aimed to show the contributions of hemogram values and inflammatory markers involved in the pathology and progression of sepsis, and other biochemical markers like C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, delta neutrophil index (immature granulocyte), calcium and zinc levels to the diagnosis of sepsis, and the relationship of the relevant markers with each other. Materials and methods: This is a descriptive epidemiological study. Patients aged 18 years and over who received the diagnosis of sepsis in the Emergency Department and Internal Diseases Service of Kahramanmaraş Sütçü Imam University Medical Faculty Hospital between 11.10.2022 - 11.06.2023 were prospec- tively involved in this study. Result: In the present study, it was found that leukocyte, neutrophil, platelet lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil lymphocyte ratio, immature granulocyte, copper, phosphorus, blood glucose, C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin values were high in patients with sepsis. Albumin, calcium, zinc and lymphocyte levels were found to be low. Conclusion: The use of biomarkers in sepsis has increasingly become important in diagnosing, following treatment, determining prognosis and predicting mortality. The biomarkers examined in this study are believed to be a reference for future studies on their use in diagnosing and treating sepsis, and following its prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To observe the changes in laboratory parameters of patients who received medical treatment and underwent surgery for ectopic pregnancy (EP). Materials and Methods: Demographic characteristics, pre- and post-treatment laboratory parameters of patients diagnosed with EP in our clinic between 2020 and 2022 were retrospectively scanned and compared. Eighty patients who received medical treatment and 68 patients who underwent surgery were screened, 8 patients were excluded due to insufficient data. Results: The beta-human chorionic gonadotropin value in the surgery group was significantly higher than the methotrexate (MTX) group (p<0.05). The white blood cell (WBC) values before and after the treatment in the surgery group were significantly higher than the MTX group (p<0.05). WBC and platelet values were significantly lower after treatment in the surgery group than before treatment (p<0.05). Post-treatment WBC, thrombocyte reduction, and monocyte value were significantly higher in the surgery group than in the MTX group (p<0.05). Platelet value after treatment was significantly higher in the surgery group than in the MTX group (p<0.05). In the MTX group, monocytes and lymphocyte counts were significantly lower after treatment than before treatment (p<0.05). Conclusion: Hematological parameters vary according to the type of treatment in ectopic pregnancies. Compared to the medical treatment group, the hemogram and hematocrit counts of the surgical group were lower; WBC, monocytes and lymphocyte counts were found to be higher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the predictive power of serum systemic inflammatory markers including neutrophil- lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-eosinophil ratio (MER), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels for distinguishing uncomplicated and complicated acute appendicitis in adult patients admitted to the emergency department (ED). METHODS: This retrospective, cross-sectional, observational, and single-center study enrolled 212 consecutive adult patients with acute appendicitis who were admitted to the ED of our tertiary care university hospital between January 1, 2019 and December 31 2021. Patients were divided into two groups (Group I, uncomplicated acute appendicitis; Group II, complicated appendicitis) according to their surgical findings and histopathological examination. Systemic inflammatory markers measured on admission were compared among patients to identify factors associated with complicated acute appendicitis. RESULTS: A total of 132 patients, 83 male (62.9%) and 49 female (37.1%), were included in the study. The mean age was 34.7±13.40 years. Based on the histopathological examination, the number of patients in Group I was 103 (78.03%) and 29 (21.96%) in Group II. Laboratory findings on admission revealed no significant differences between Groups I and II patients in terms of mean serum NLR, MER, and CRP values (p=0.096, p=0.248, and p=0.297, respectively). However, the mean serum PLR in Group II patients was statistically significantly higher than those in Group I (p=0.032). The mean serum monocyte and monocyte fraction (%) values were significantly lower, and the mean serum neutrophil fraction (%) value was higher in Group II patients compared to those with Group I. Receiving operator characteristic (ROC) analysis identified a serum PLR cutoff value of ≥133.73 for distinguishing uncomplicated and complicated acute appendicitis in adult patients, with 60% sensitivity and 58.4% specificity. In addition, ROC analysis revealed a cutoff monocyte fraction (%) level of ≤6, with 72% sensitivity and 64% specificity, for distinguishing uncomplicated and complicated acute appendicitis in adult patients. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that the mean serum NLR, MER, and CRP values measured on admission to ED in adult patients with acute appendicitis could not predict complicated acute appendicitis. However, mean serum PLR and neutrophil and monocyte counts can be useful in distinguishing complicated cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: We aimed to compare red cell distribution width (RDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), and some other laboratory parameters in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) or benign thyroid nodule (BTN). Methods: A total of 365 cases (186 with PTC and 179 with BTN) who underwent lobectomy or bilateral total thyroidectomy were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups, PTC and BTN, according to histopathological diagnosis. Results: 76.4% of the patients were female and the mean age was 54.94±13.76 years. The median RDW value was 13.3% (12.7-13.9) in the PTC group and 13.2% (12.7-14.2%) in the BTN group. Mean MPV value was 10.28±1.20 fL in the PTC group and 10.26±1.07 fL in the BTN group. The groups were similar in terms of MPV and RDW values (p=0.477 and p=0.883, respectively). Thyroid gland size and detected nodule sizes were significantly greater in the BTN group compared to the PTC group (p<0.001 for all). Discussion and Conclusion: Complete blood count results, including RDW and MPV, were found to have no clinical value in distinguishing between PTC and BTN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The objective of the present study was to reveal the relationship between hemogram parameters and mortality in neonatal calves with diarrhea from different etiological origins. Materials and Methods: Fifty calves with diarrhea were enrolled in the study. The calves were divided into 2 groups as surviving and non-surviving calves. In addition, on the basis of the stool quick test and etiological agent, it was divided into 3 subgroups: bacterial (E. coli), viral (rotavirus and coronavirus), and parasitic (Cryptosporidium parvum). Total leukocyte (WBC), lymphocyte (Lym), monocyte (Mon), granulocyte (Gra), erythrocyte (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), hemoglobin (Hb), and thrombocyte (PLT) were measured. Results: Regardless of etiology, MCHC levels of non-surviving calves were lower than those of surviving calves (cut-off: 32.15 g/dL, 68% sensitivity, 62% specificity, p = 0.041). Also, MCHC levels of non-surviving calves with viral etiology were lower than those of surviving calves (cut-off: 31.75 g/ dL, 85% sensitivity, 75% specificity, p = 0.029). RBC levels of non-surviving calves with E. coli etiology were lower than those of surviving calves (cut-off: 9.27 ×103 cells/mL, 83% sensitivity, 84% specificity, p = 0.024). There was no statistically significant difference in hemogram parameters of calves infected with C. parvum. Conclusion: MCHC and RBC levels were statistically significant in the estimation of mortality in neonatal calf diarrhea. The evaluation of hemogram parameters together with other blood parameters (blood gas, etc.) may be more useful in estimating mortality.

Background. It is difficult to confirm the diagnosis of the mixed infection of the erythema migrans form of Lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis at the onset of the disease because of delayed seroconversion. Purpose. Assessment of hemogram predictors to develop a model for early diagnosis of the mixed infection of the erythema form of Lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis. Materials and methods. The study involved 21 patients with the mixed infection of the erythema form of Lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis (Group 1) and 25 patients with the erythema form of borreliosis monoinfection (Group 2), who were hospitalized no later than the 7th day of the disease. The hemogram parameters, the leukocyte intoxication index and the body resistance index were analyzed. ROC analysis was used. The logistic regression model was developed using STATISTICA 12.0 modules. Results. The Group 1 patients compared with Group 2 demonstrated significant increases in the levels of the leukocyte intoxication index, and neutrophils, but decreases in the levels of the body resistance index, eosinophils, basophils and platelets. The leukocyte intoxication index was a “very good” predictor of the mixed infection, and the body resistance index, the number of eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils and platelets in peripheral blood had a “good” predictive values. The model included the body resistance index, the number of eosinophils and basophils. Conclusion. The developed model had a “very good” predictive value for the mixed infection early diagnosis of the erythema migrans form of Lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis.

La anemia es el descenso de la concentración de hemoglobina e incapacidad de eritropoyesis para compensar la pérdida excesiva de eritrocitos. La población más vulnerable al síndrome anémico (SA) son personas mayores de 60 años, quienes representan alrededor del 12% del total de la población latinoamericana. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la prevalencia del SA en adultos entre 60 a 75 años en 4 parroquias de la ciudad de Ambato en base a valores de hemoglobina (HGC), eritrocitos (RBC) y hematocritos (HCT), durante un periodo de 8 días (12-20 Jul 2022). Se utilizó un diseño descriptivo, transversal, de campo. Con razón de probabilidades (Odd Ratio) en base al Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) de los pacientes, y la prevalencia de SA con respecto al número total de pacientes. La muestra de estudio fue de 52 de 100 pacientes geriátricos, y se determinó que, en 2 de los 4 sitios, hubo un paciente con nivel elevado de hematíes (6,06 106/Ul), y otro paciente con niveles superiores de HGB (19 g/dL) y HCT (59%), sin embargo, no se evidenció ningún caso de anemia debido a la ingesta adecuada en los alimentos consumidos por parte de la población establecida. La probabilidad de presentar SA en los cuatro sitios de estudio es de nula a muy baja, con una prevalencia de 0,045% incluyendo todos los pacientes.

Objective: Acute abdomen is a dangerous condition that necessitates attentive care. The etiology of acute abdomen is quite complex and alternative diagnostic methods are very valuable as it may indicate life-threatening conditions. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of physical examination and laboratory indicators in relation to surgical and medical treatment options in the emergency department (ED). Methods: This single-center retrospective study was conducted on 735 patients aged between 18 and 90 years admitted to the ED of our hospital between January 01, 2019, and January 01, 2020. Patients' demographics (age and gender), hospitalization data, presence of rebound and involuntary guarding, differential diagnosis, treatment approach (medical or surgical treatment), and laboratory parameters were analyzed. Results: The mean age of all patients was 45.5±18.6 years and male patients were dominant (51.1%). The most common diagnoses were acute appendicitis, acute gastroenteritis, and acute cholecystitis, respectively. Patients who had surgical treatment were significantly younger than those who received medical treatment (p<0.001). Rebound tenderness and involuntary guarding were more pronounced in the patients who received medical treatment. Inflammatory laboratory parameters were higher in patients who received surgical treatment. The presence of rebound tenderness, decreased age, elevated leukocyte, and neutrophil levels, as well as decreased red cell distribution width showed significant associations in favor of surgical treatment. Conclusion: Results suggest that the presence of rebound tenderness, elevated neutrophil, and decreased age may be predictive for the treatment modality in patients with acute abdomen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Evaluation of blood parameters in captive non‐human primates (NHPs) is crucial for monitoring their health and ensuring that their environment meets their physiological requirements. Methods: We performed hemogram, serum biochemistry, and parasitological exams in 20 howler monkeys and 21 capuchin monkeys. Results: In both species, over 50% of the individuals presented at least one parasite. There was a negative effect of age on red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell, platelets, total protein, globulin, and alkaline phosphatase, and a positive effect on the A:G ratio, gamma‐glutamyl transferase, and mean platelet volume (MPV). Capuchin monkeys presented the highest platelets and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values and howler monkeys presented the highest MPV, aspartate aminotransferase, ALT, amylase, glucose, bilirubin, and triglycerides values. We observed an interaction between species and sex on RBC, Htc, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and cholesterol. Conclusions: Species differences found in blood parameters may reflect differences in physiological adaptations associated with ecological and morphological traits and are clinically relevant for evaluating animal health and the suitability of breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder, which are the most severe types of mood disorders, are among the diseases that cause the most disability worldwide. One of the biggest challenges in providing early and effective treatment in mood disorders is the inability to make an early differential diagnosis between UD and BD. Many studies have suggested that neuroinflammation may play a role in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR), as well as the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), c-reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), are all inexpensive and easily accessible markers that are recommended for measuring the level of inflammation. In this study, NLR, PLR, MLR, SII, CRP, and ESR were analyzed to investigate the potential role of these inflammatory markers in the differential diagnosis of UD and BD. Materials and Methods: Our study group consisted of 54 patients (UD: 31 individuals, BD: 23 individuals) and 40 healthy controls (HC). NLR, PLO, MLO, SII, CRP, and ESR markers were compared among the UD, BD, and SC groups. Results: Significant differences were found among the groups in terms of monocyte, NLR, SII, CRP, and ESR levels in this study (respectively: p=0.011, p=0.011, p=0.020, p=0.010, p=0.017). Considering the source of the difference; the NLR, SII, CRP, and ESR were higher in the UD group compared to the HC group (respectively: p=0.009, p=0.015, p=0.012, p=0.012). however, there was no significant difference between the BP and HC groups in terms of these parameters (p > 0.05, for all). In terms of monoist level, there was a significant difference between UD and BP groups (p = 0.024). Meanwhile, there was a significant difference between the UD and BP groups in terms of monoist level (p = 0.024). Conclusions: In our study, it was determined that there were significant differences among groups in terms of monocyte, NLR, SII, CRP, and ESR values. Therefore, the elevation of these markers may be beneficial in predicting disease and differential diagnosis of UD. Large-scale, prospective studies, including post-treatment values, are required to evaluate it as a disease-specific marker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study was carried out to determine the effect of castration procedure on hemogram and leukogram values and the levels of oxidative stress factors in serum tissue in cats. Preoperative and postoperative 10th day hemogram/leukogram values and total oxidant/antioxidant capacities of 19 castrated cats were evaluated in the study. When the hemogram and leukogram values were examined, it was determined that there was a statistically significant increase in the amount of eosinophils (P0.05). When the levels of oxidative stress factors in the serum tissues of the cats were examined, it was determined that there was a decrease in the total antioxidant status (TAS) and an increase in the total oxidant status (TOS), but the difference in the results was not statistically significant (P>0.05). In conclusion, in this study, it was determined that the castration procedure in cats did not cause a significant difference in hemogram and leukogram parameters and the level of oxidative stress factors in serum tissue, except for the amount of eosinophils.

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Objectives: Gold nanoparticles are very popular metallic nanomaterials and they have a wide spectrum of biomedical applications. This study was aimed to the production of stable and monodisperse polyethyleneimine (PEI) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) coated gold nanoparticles (AuNP20 and AuNP50), investigation of their in vivo biochemical effects in the BALB/c mice. Methods: Gold nanoparticles were synthesized and their surfaces were modified by PEI and PEG. All the necessary physicochemical characterizations were performed. After the single high dose i.v. injection (5 mg Au/kg animal weight) of the AuNP groups, their in vivo biochemical effects were evaluated multiparametrically in the mice on day 14. Results: Highly monodisperse and stable AuNPs were synthesized successfully. Significant changes in the biochemical hemogram parameters were observed depending on the surface coatings of the AuNPs. PEI and PEG surface coatings increased biocompatibility. No excessive oxidative stress response was observed in all the gold nanoparticle groups. Conclusions: It has been concluded that the surface chemistry of the particles is a more decisive parameter than the size in terms of in vivo biochemical toxicity. The surface functionalization, stability and biocompatibility of the AuNPs are important parameters for the potential biomedical applications of gold nanoparticles in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Viral diseases play an important role in feline medicine. Studies on feline viral diseases contribute to the health of other animals and subserve as important models for human viral diseases. Methodology: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum serotonin level and acute inflammation, stress and immunosuppression in feline panleukopenia (FP) and feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) and to emphasize that serotonin may have prognostic value. 36 client-owned, unvaccinated cats were used. Cats were included in the Healthy (n:12), Panleukopenia (n:12) and FIP (n:12) groups according to the results of clinical, hemogram examinations and rapid diagnostic test kits. Results: Body temperature, heart rate and capillary refill time were highest in the Panleukopenia Group (p<0.000). The respiratory rate was higher in the Panleukopenia and FIP group compared to the Healthy Group (p<0.001). WBC, lymphocyte, monocyte, granulocyte and erythrocyte levels were the lowest in the Panleukopenia Group when compared to the other groups (p<0.032). Hematocrit level was lower in cats with FP and FIP compared to healthy cats (p<0.009). Compared to the healthy cats, the cats with FP and FIP had higher serum serotonin levels (p<0.035). No statistical difference was found between the Panleukopenia and FIP groups. Conclusion: It was observed that higher serum serotonin levels may be observed in acute inflammation and it was concluded that the evaluation of serum serotonin level may provide information about the inflammatory state of the body and may have a prognostic value in monitoring the response to treatment in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Since acute appendicitis is a clinical condition that develops after inflammation of the appendix, changes in the markers related to infection are expected in the laboratory tests of these cases. In this study, it was aimed to determine the changes in C-reactive protein (CRP) and hemogram examinations taken before and after surgery in children with perforated appendicitis and even to determine the markers that could indicate appendix perforation. Material and Methods: This study was conducted in children with perforated appendicitis who were operated on in our pediatric surgery department in 2019. Only patients whose pre-operative and post-operative laboratory tests were performed in our hospital were included in the study. The demographic characteristics, pre-operative and post-operative (CRP, White blood cell [WBC], neutrophil, lymphocyte, mean platelet volume [MPV], and platelets [PLT]) values were analyzed retrospectively. Results: Only 69 of 141 children with perforated appendicitis who were operated on in 2019 had pre- and post-operative tests performed in our hospital. Of the 69 cases included in our study, 29 were female (40.1%) and 40 were male (59.9%). The median pre-operative values of CRP, WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, MPV, and PLT were 4.4 (0.2-21.66) mg/dL, 14.46 (5.27-32.6) 103/mm3, 10.03 (2.6-20.25) 103/mm3, 1.76 (0.17-8.69) 103/mm3, 8.7 (6.99-134) fL, and 280 (134-497) 103/mm3, respectively. The median values of CRP, WBC, Nötrofil, Lenfosit, MPV, and PLT on the 5th post-operative day were 3.8 (0.2-17.7) mg/dL, 11.39 (4.4-36.8) 103/mm3, 8.63 (2.12-22.02) 103/mm3, 1.75 (0.41-6.17) 103/mm3, 8.7(6.5-146) fL, and 286 (146-721) 103/mm3, respectively. The difference of CRP and WBC between pre- and post-operative values was found to be significant based on Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test (Non-parametric) (<0.05). Conclusion: Moderately high CRP and WBC values are important as an infection marker in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Similar to the literature, it has been shown that the CRP level, which was high before the operation, gradually decreased after the operation, but still did not return to normal at discharge. The decrease in CRP and WBC values after surgery is an indication that inflammation has regressed after appendectomy, but it takes time to completely return to normal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the hemogram analysis results of neonatal diarrheal calves with and without gastrointestinal protozoa infection. Materials and methods: A total of 21 neonatal calves with diarrhoea were examined within the scope of the study. Eleven of the cases were calves with gastrointestinal protozoa infection and 10 were calves without gastrointestinal protozoa infection. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data of calves were evaluated. Results: When demographic data and vital signs were evaluated between the two groups, no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups (p>0.05). However, when the hemogram values between the two groups were compared, it was determined that there was a significant difference in white blood cell (p=0.003) and neutrophil (p=0.01) numbers. Conclusions: Evaluating hemogram parameters should be taken into account as it is an inexpensive and easy-to-apply analysis and offers important outputs in the control and follow-up of neonatal calf health especially in neonatal calf diarrhoea cases which is one of the common diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The novel SARS-CoV-2 infection has been spreading around the world since January 2020 causing the Corona Virus Disease 2019. Leukopenia, lymphopenia and hypercoagulability with elevated D- Dimers have been described in COVID-19 patients to date. This study aimed to clarify if some blood parameters can be used as biomarkers to facilitate diagnosis and establish prognosis. Methods: We selected patients who had tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and had had a hemogram performed between the March 15 and April 15, 2020. Socio-demographic and analytical data were obtained from 274 patients at admission in two Portuguese public hospitals. We then analyzed the hemogram parameters at admission in the intensive care and collected data on patient survival during the SARS-CoV-2 disease follow-up. The data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. Results: Patients requiring the intensive care unit (ICU) present an increase in leukocytes and neutrophils (+3.1 × 109/L and +6.4 × 109/L, respectively), a lymphocyte decrease and a platelet rise (-1.6 × 109/L and +60.8 × 109/L, respectively). The erythrocytes, hemoglobin and median globular volume tend to decrease (-0.5 × 1012, - 1.2 g/dL; -3 fL, respectively). The lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) at admission was significantly higher (+58.1 U/L). The age, sex, platelets, lymphocyte count neutrophil counts, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, erythrocytes and cell hemoglobin concentration mean (CHCM) are independently associated with mortality (odds ratio (OR) = 0.046, p < 0.001; OR = 0.2364, p = 0.045; OR = 9.106, p = 0.001; OR = 0.194, p = 0.033; OR = 0.062, p = 0.003; OR = 0.098, p = 0.002; OR = 9.021, p < 0.001; OR = 7.016, p = 0.007, respectively). Conclusion: The hematological data at admission in the health care system can predict the mortality of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and we recommend its use in the clinical decisions and patient prognosis evaluation.

From 40 healthy sheep breeding in good conditions of hygiene and feeding belonging to particular herds from the West side of the country were been taken blood samples in most important seasons of the year: in spring, before pasturage period and in autumn, after pasturage period. Sheep were been periodically preventive treated against parasites and were clinically healthy. Were been followed haematological parameters like haemogram (number of erithrocytes, haemoglobin, haematocrit, erithrocytic indexes), leucogram (number of leucocytes, leucocytic formula) and those blood biochemicals indexes (total seric proteins, proteic fractions, glucose, uric acid, GPT, creatinin, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium). The obtain values in spring season were smaller in comparison with those from autumn as a result of less favourable conditions in winter, when sheep can't have the same benefits like in warm season, with high quality fresh food and life conditions. This fact is emphasized in these sheep obtained productions.

This study utilized fifty bull calves of the Continental × British crossbreed, with an average body weight of 147.0 ± 1.67 kg (BW), in a completely randomized design. The objective was to examine the impact of varying levels and duration of calcium propionate (CaPr) supplementation on the growth performance, body fat reserves, serum metabolites, and hemogram of high-risk newly received stocker calves. These calves were individually housed and fed a received diet for 56 d. The calves received the following treatments: (1) no CaPr (CTL), (2) 20 g CaPr/calf/d, (3) 40 g CaPr/calf/d, (4) 60 g CaPr/calf/d, and (5) 80 g CaPr/calf/d at 14, 28, 42, and 56 d after their arrival. Supplementing with 20 g CaPr from 28 to 56 d after arrival increased average daily gain (ADG) and BW (p < 0.05), and DMI was not affected (p > 0.05). This was reflected at 28 d with increases (p < 0.05) in the ADG/DMI ratio and longissimus muscle area (LMA), and at 56 d in back fat thickness (BFT) and fat thickness at the rump (FTR). Also, with 20 g, blood urea nitrogen decreased (p < 0.05), and increases were observed in the activity of gamma glutamyltransferase, monocytes (quadratic trend, p < 0.07), and granulocytes % (quadratic effect, p < 0.03). However, as the level of CaPr increased during the first 14 d after arrival, daily water intake, creatinine, total cholesterol, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (linear effect, p < 0.05), globulin, calcium, and mean corpuscular volume (linear trend, p = 0.08) increased, while alkaline phosphatase (linear trend, p = 0.07) and lymphocytes (linear effect, p = 0.05) decreased. Finally, the different levels of CaPr supplementation did not produce any significant effects or differences (p > 0.05) in the remaining serum metabolites and hemogram (p > 0.05). Ultimately, the inclusion of 20 g CaPr/calf/d in the diet for 28 d in newly received stocker calves increased ADG, ADG/DMI ratio, and LMA. If extended to 42 or 56 d, the increases in ADG persisted, but there was also a rise in body fat reserves (BFT and FTR) at the expense of a reduction in the ADG/DMI ratio. Furthermore, the different supplementation levels did not impact the reference range for most serum metabolites or the health of stocker calves.

Giant pandas are the flagship species in world conservation, and include two subspecies, Ailuropoda melanoleuca qinlingensis (A. m. qinlingensis) and Ailuropoda melanoleuca sichuanensis (A. m. sichuanensis). Hematology and serum biochemistry studies are crucial to protecting giant pandas. Even though research on hematology and serum biochemistry are well-established in A. m. sichuanensis, research in A. m. qinlingensis is scarce. The study aimed to (1) establish a baseline for hemogram and reference intervals (RIs) for hematological and serum biochemical parameters in A. m. qinlingensis, (2) assess the possible variations in these parameters of A. m. qinlingensis based on age, gender, and storage condition of blood samples, and (3) compare the parameters to those of A. m. sichuanensis. Blood samples (n = 42) were collected from healthy A. m. qinlingensis (n = 21) housed in Shaanxi (Louguantai) Rare Wildlife Rescue and Breeding Research Center, and hematological (n = 25) and serum biochemical parameters (n = 18) were analyzed in March and December of 2019. The results showed no significant abnormality in the blood smears of all individuals in this study, except for a few serrated red blood cells, platelet aggregations, and occasionally giant platelets. Between sub-adult and adult A. m. qinlingensis, there were significant differences in five hematological and one serum biochemical parameter (p < 0.05), whereas six serum biochemical parameters were present when α = 0.1 (p < 0.1). Gender influenced % NEU, % LYM, % EOS, LYM, EOS, GGT, and CHOL of A. m. qinlingensis. The majority of the hematological and serum biochemical parameters of A. m. qinlingensis were different from those of A. m. sichuanensis regarding age and gender. The anticoagulant whole blood samples of A. m. qinlingensis stored at 2–8 °C for 24 h and the serum samples stored at −18 °C for 48 h had little influence on the values of hematological and serum biochemical parameters. In conclusion, this study provided a baseline of hemogram and established RIs for hematological and serum biochemical parameters of A. m. qinlingensis. RIs of A. m. sichuanensis reported before were not completely fit for A. m. qinlingensis, and age, gender, or the storage condition of blood samples influenced some of the parameters of A. m. qinlingensis. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of a hemogram baseline and RIs for hematological and serum biochemical parameters of A. m. qinlingensis.

Aim: There are different comments related to hematological side effects caused by antiseizure drugs (ASDs). In our study, we investigated the effects of ASDs on hemogram parameters. Materials and Methods: Hemogram values of 293 patients including 156 women, who used ASDs for at least six months, were compared with the values of 36 healthy control participants group who did not. In addition, the hemogram values of the patients using old-generation antiepileptic drugs such as phenytoin (PHT), carbamazepine (CBZ), valproic acid were compared with those using new-generation antiepileptic drugs as levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, pregabalin (PGB), gabapentin and two ASDs in combination. Results: Comparison of the patients using ASDs with the control group revealed that white blood cell (WBC) values of only PHT users were lower than the control group (p=0.045). Red cell distribution width (RDW) values were found to be higher in healthy controls than those using AEDs (p lt;0.001). When the groups using ASDs were compared among themselves, it was found that the WBC values of the users of old- generation ASDs as PHT and CBZ were significantly lower than those using PGB (p=0.006; P=0.005, respectively). Conclusion: As hematological side effects, ASDs may decrease WBC counts. The WBC decreasing effects of PHT and CBZ, which are older generation antiepileptics, are more pronounced than pregabalin, which is a new- generation antiepileptic drug. The effects of antiepileptic drugs on hemogram parameters of the patients should be taken into consideration while choosing appropriate ASDs and also while following the patient.

Background and Objective: This study explored the role of various laboratory biomarkers on inflammatory indices for predicting disease progression toward severity in COVID-19 patients.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 1233 adults confirmed for COVID-19. The participants were grouped undermild, moderate, and severe grade disease. Serum bio-inflammatory index (SBII) and systemic inflammatory index (SII) were calculated and correlated with disease severity. The study variables, including clinical details and laboratory variables, were analyzed for impact on the inflammatory indices and severity status using a sequential multiple regression model to determine the predictors for mortality. Receiver operating characteristics defined the cut-off values for severity. Results: Among the study population, 56.2%, 20.7%, and 23.1% were categorized as mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19 cases. Diabetes with hypertension was the most prevalent comorbid condition. The odds for males to have the severe form of the disease was 1.6 times (95% CI = 1.18–2.18, P = 0.002). The median (inter-quartile-range) of SBII was 549 (387.84–741.34) and SII was 2097.6 (1113.9–4153.73) in severe cases. Serum urea, electrolytes, gamma-glutamyl transferase, red-cell distribution width-to-hematocrit ratio, monocytopenia, and eosinopenia exhibited a significant influence on the SpO2, SBII, and SII. Both SBII (r = −0.582, P < 0.001) and SII (r = −0.52, P < 0.001) strongly correlated inversely with SpO2 values [Figure 3]a and [Figure 3]b. More than 80% of individuals admitted with severe grade COVID-19 had values of more than 50th percentile of SBII and SII. The sensitivity and specificity of SBII at 343.67 for severity were 81.4% and 70.1%, respectively. SII exhibited 77.2% sensitivity and 70.8% specificity at 998.72. Conclusion: Serial monitoring of the routinely available biomarkers would provide considerable input regarding inflammatory status and severity progression in COVID-19.

Simple Summary: Heat stress impacts animal production, reproduction, health, and welfare, making it profitable to raise animals adapted to the climate. In this context, Caracu (Bos taurus taurus) is the large Creole breed adapted to the Brazilian tropical climate. Thus, this study investigated the influence of environmental temperature on thermoregulation (surface temperature obtained by infrared thermography and rectal temperature), hormonal (cortisol, cortisone, and progesterone), and hematological characteristics of Caracu. The results revealed that heat stress changes several physiological characteristics of Caracu cattle, although most of them remained within the regular values observed for taurine Creole breeds. In addition, males and females exhibited differences in their responses to heat stress. The decrease in animal production caused by heat stress is a growing concern. Therefore, the identification and wide use of naturally resistant animals in terminal crossbreeding schemes to explore heterosis and complementarity, and in pure herds, is important to minimize the impact of heat stress on animal production. This study evaluated the influence of environmental temperature on thermoregulation, hormonal, and hematological characteristics in Caracu cattle. Blood samples, hair length, coat and muzzle colors, rectal (RT), and surface temperatures were collected from 48 males and 43 females before (morning) and after sun exposure for eight hours (afternoon). Infrared thermography (IRT) was used to identify superficial temperature that exhibits a high correlation with RT. Hematological parameters, hormone concentrations, RT, and the superficial temperature obtained by IRT that exhibited the highest correlation with RT were evaluated by variance analysis. Regarding IRT, the lower left side of the body (LS) showed the highest correlation with the RT. Interaction between period and sex was observed for LS, cortisol, and eosinophils. Cortisone, progesterone, and RT were influenced by period and sex. Neutrophils and segmented neutrophils were influenced by the period, which showed the highest concentrations after sun exposure. Platelets, leukocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes were influenced by sex. Heat stress changes several physiological characteristics where males and females exhibited differences in their responses to heat stress. Furthermore, most characteristics evaluated remained within the regular values observed for taurine Creole breeds, showing that Caracu is adapted to tropical climates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]