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Nugraheni MA, Indarto D, Pamungkasari EP, Susilawati TN, Jusup SA, Purwaningtyas N, Rahardjo SS, Wulandari S, Devina KE. 2024. The effects of Jebisa on nutrient intake and hematology profile in adolescent girls with anemia. Nusantara Bioscience 16: 210-218. Anemia is a public health problem that often occurs in adolescent girls in developing countries, including Indonesia, mainly due to iron deficiency. Iron supplementation has been implemented for anemia treatment, but there are some side effects for long-term use. The Indonesian Government also fortified wheat flour with iron and folic acid, but the efficacy of fortification remains unclear. Snake fruit seeds contain high iron (Fe) and vitamin C levels but they are usually thrown away. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the effects of jelly-containing snake fruit seed flour (SSF) and sugar, now called Jebisa, on macro and micronutrient intake and hematological profile in adolescent girls with anemia. Thirty tree adolescent girls from five public high schools in Sukoharjo Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, were randomly grouped into three categories: Control group (C) was given plain jelly with Fe tablets, and Treatment groups (T1-T2) were given jelly-containing 18.52 g and 37.04 g SSF, respectively, for 60 days. Data were analyzed using the one-way and repeated measures ANOVA tests followed by the Post Hoc Tukey and the Kruskal-Wallis test for non-parametric data. A significant value was set to p<0.05. The results suggested that the average daily energy intake, carbohydrates, and fibers significantly increased in the T1 and T2 groups compared to the C group (p<0.05). The average Fe intake in the T2 (19.59±1.70 mg/day) was significantly higher than that of T1 (10.74±2.40 mg/day) and C group (4.74±3.43 mg/day) with p<0.001. The T1 group had higher hemoglobin (Hb) levels (11.44±2.01 g/dL) than the C (11.04±1.92 g/dL) and T2 groups (10.89±0.67 g/dL) but were not significantly different. In conclusion, regular consumption of jelly-containing SSF increased the daily intake of energy, carbohydrates, fibers, Fe, and Hb levels in adolescent girls with anemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Aquaculture production has recently surpassed wild fish capture, a growth largely driven by the intensification of fish farming. However, this rapid expansion increases the risk of disease outbreaks and impairs growth performance. These adverse effects can be mitigated through the use of functional additives, such as minerals, vitamins, and industry byproducts with immunomodulatory properties. In this context, we evaluated the effects of functional diets supplemented with vitamins C and E, zinc, and orange peel fragments on the health status and growth performance of juvenile Nile tilapia under stress conditions. The results of this study showed that orange peel fragments, in combination with vitamins C and E, and zinc, produced synergic effects on the immune and antioxidant responses of Nile tilapia subjected to stress. These findings suggest that this supplementation could be an effective nutritional strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of intensive fish farming. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary orange peel fragments (OPFs) enriched with vitamins C (C) and E (E), as well as zinc (Zn) on the growth performance, hematological profile, immunological parameters, antioxidant capacity, and fillet lipid peroxidation of Nile tilapia subjected to heat/dissolved oxygen-induced stress (HDOIS), transport-induced stress (TIS), and Aeromonas hydrophila infection (BC). A group of 500 male Nile tilapia (2.7 ± 0.03 g) was randomly distributed in twenty-five 250 L aquaria (20 fish/aquarium) and fed diets containing OPFs (6 g kg−1), OPFs/C (6 g kg−1/1.8 g kg−1), OPFs/E (6 g kg−1/0.4 g kg−1), OPFs/Zn (6 g kg−1/0.21 g kg−1), or OPFs/C/E/Zn (6 g kg−1/1.8 g kg−1/0.4 g kg−1/0.21 g kg−1) for 100 days. The diets were formulated to contain 30% crude protein and 17 MJ kg−1 gross energy. After the feeding period, three groups of fish were independently subjected to a different type of stress: HDOIS (34 °C) for two days; TIS for four hours, or BC for 15 days. The hematological profile, antioxidant capacity, and fillet lipid peroxidation were determined before and after all the stress treatments, along with immunological parameters, which were investigated only for the fish subjected to bacterial infection. In summary, the results showed that growth was not affected by the OPFs, nor by the OPFs enriched with C, E, and Zn; bacterial infection determined anemia for the fish fed any of the experimental diets; the OPFs did not prevent lipid peroxidation under TIS and BC; on the other hand, when enriched with C/E/Zn, lipid peroxidation decreased under HDOIS and TIS. In conclusion, the OPFs enriched with C/E/Zn showed a synergistic effect that promoted an increase in antioxidant enzyme activity, a decrease in lipid peroxidation, and the maintenance of the hematological profile under HDOIS and TIS, but they were not able to maintain the health status under BC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the global health system and economies largely. Therefore, knowledge about the clinical and laboratory profiles of patients with COVID-19 would help in the management and prognosis of the disease. The immunological and hematological indices have emerged as critical determinants for the severity of the disease and the prognosis; however, association with COVID-19 is clouded. The present study is aimed to characterize the immunological and hematological profiles of patients with COVID-19 in correlation with the disease severity. The study included 1,019 polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–confirmed patients with COVID-19 who were classified into serious and nonserious groups, considering severity criteria. Clinical laboratory investigations included hematological, biochemical, and immunological parameters regarding leukocyte counts, hemoglobin levels, and inflammatory markers. Our analysis of immunological and hematological differences between serious and nonserious patients with COVID-19 indicates that serious cases reflected elevated levels of pro-inflammatory markers such as lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, and ferritin, representing immune system dysregulation and systemic inflammation. Furthermore, in serious cases, discrepancies had also been noticed for many hematological parameters than nonserious ones, which also contained leukocyte count and hemoglobin level. Additionally, the CRP, D-dimer, blood urea nitrogen, alanine transaminase, and albumin levels could be independent predictors of COVID-19 severity by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Cutoff values for these biomarkers were defined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis defining optimal parameters for the risk stratification and prognostication. The current investigation provides a comprehensive understanding of immunological and hematological correlation with COVID-19 severity, refining clinical decision-making and therapeutic interventions to improve patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and safety of seahorse (Hippocampus comes L.) extract on hematological profile and body weight on rats induced by depo medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA). Materials and Methods: Thirty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats with 200-250 gm and 8 weeks old. All rats were intramuscularly administered 1.25 mg/kg BW DMPA Merck Depo Geston at 150 mg/3 ml. The animals were divided into five main groups (6 each), consisting of aquadest (G1), CMC 1% (G2), seahorse extract (SE) dose 150 mg/kg BW (G3), 225 mg/kg BW (G4), and 300 mg/kg BW (G5). All rats were weighed until the end of the treatment week. Results: The hematological profile and body weight of the group given SE tended to increase compared to the group not given extract; however, our hematological profile and body weight were in the normal range for rats. Conclusion: We find that SE enhances the effectiveness of the hematological profile, body weight, and safety of rats induced by DMPA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Dengue is one of the most serious and rapidly spreading major mosquito borne diseases in the world. Despite many acute febrile illnesses in Tchad, the burden of illness due to dengue in the country is largely unknown. Hence, the present study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of dengue viral (DENV) infection and its association with hematological parameters. Method A cross sectional study was carried out in Bongor Provincial Hospital. Blood samples were collected from each participant and were used to determine the hematological profile and to diagnose the presence of DENV infection. A total of 130 participants were enrolled in the study. Among these, 114 (87.7%) were diagnosed positive for DENV infection. Results The majority of the positive cases were of the age group 21 to 40 years old. Leukocytosis was the most common hematological parameter affecting 120 (92.3%) of them followed by anemia and thrombocytopenia affecting 69 (53.1%) and 16 (12.3%) of them, respectively, and then lymphocytosis affecting 5 (3.8%) of them. No case of leukopenia was recorded. Discussion The seroprevalence rate among participants suggests that the dengue virus is in circulation in Mayo Kebbi province: south of Tchad. The abnormal hematological parameters may contribute to the severity of the infection like the incidence of bleeding in the case of thrombocytopenia.

Purpose: There is very little information about the toxicological and pathological effects of synthetic cannabinoids, which have cannabis-like properties. This study was carried out to histopathologically, hematologically, and biochemically determine the toxic effects of acute and subacute exposure to a novel synthetic cannabinoid 1-(4-cyanobutyl)-N-(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)indazole-3-carboxamide in internal organs of adult male rats. Methods: The cannabinoid was injected intraperitoneally at three doses (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg, body weight). The cannabinoid was administered to acute groups for 2 days and to subacute groups for 14 days. Observations were made for 14 days and various changes such as mortality, injury, and illness were recorded daily. Hematological and biochemical changes were evaluated and histopathological analyses in lung, liver, and kidney tissues were also performed. Results: No mortality was observed. It was observed that there were fluctuations in hematological and serum biochemical parameters. Among the oxidative stress parameters, significant decreases in superoxide dismutase, catalase levels and significant increases in lipid peroxidation levels were determined. Serious pathological changes such as necrosis, vacuolation, congestion, and fibrosis were observed in the internal organs in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. It was also found that the synthetic cannabinoid triggered apoptosis in the organs. The results demonstrated that the most affected organ by the cannabinoid was the kidney. Conclusion: This study showed for the first time that CUMYL-4CN-BINACA adversely affects healthy male albino rats. It can be estimated that the abuse of the cannabinoid may harm human health in the same way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malaria and schistosomiasis are infectious diseases that cause hematological profiles abnormalities. Malaria and Schistosoma mansoni co-infection causes exacerbation of health consequences and co-morbidities. The aim of this study was to assess the selected hematological profiles among malaria and S. mansoni co-infected patients at Dembiya Selected Health Institutions. An institutional-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from March 30 to August 10, 2022. A total of 140 individuals were enrolled in the study using a convenient sampling technique. Wet mount and Kato Katz technique were conducted to detect S. mansoni in Stool sample. Blood films were prepared for the detection of plasmodium. The data was coded and entered into EpiData version 3.1 before being analyzed with SPSS version 25. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Mean of WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, eosinophil, RBC, hemoglobin, and hematocrit [4.IU/L,2.2 IU/L, 1.4 IU/L, 0.1 IU/L, 3.13 IU/L, 9.5 g/dL, and 28.7%, resepectively] in co-infected were significantly lower than [7.5 IU/L, 4.6 IU/L, 2.1 IU/L, 0.38 IU/L, 4.8 IU/L, 14.6 g/dL, and 43.7%, resepectively] in the healthy control participants. Mean of RBC, hemoglobin, and hematocrit [3.13 IU/L, 9.5 g/dL, 28.7%, resepectively] in co-infected were significantly lower compared to [3.8 IU/L, 11.5 g/dL, 33.9%, resepectively] in the malaria monoinfected participants and [3.7 IU/L,11.5 g/dL, 33.6%, resepectively] in the S. mansoni monoinfected participants. The result of hematological profiles in healthy participants had no significant difference compared to light,moderate and heavy S. mansoni infection intensity in coinfection. The number of S. mansoni eggs per gram of stool had been negatively correlated with hematological profiles of co-infected participants except lymphocyte and monocyte which correlated positively. Hematological profiles status in coinfection were significantly altered compared to malaria monoinfection, S. mansoni monoinfection, and healthy participants.Therefore, hematological tests should be used to monitor and manage coinfection related complications, and to reduce coinfection associated morbidity and mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The endangered Formosan black bear (Ursus thibetanus formosanus) is the largest native carnivorous mammal in Taiwan. Diseases, poor management, illegal hunting, and habitat destruction are serious threats to the survival of bear populations. However, studies on the impact of diseases on bear populations are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to establish a database of the hematological and plasma profiles of free-ranging Formosan black bears and investigate the occurrence of ectoparasites, blood parasites, and vector-borne pathogens. Methods Formosan black bears were captured in Yushan National Park (YNP) and Daxueshan Forest Recreation Area (DSY) in Taiwan. Blood samples were collected from each bear for hematological analysis and plasma biochemistry using a hematology analyzer. Parasites and pathogens were detected using a thin blood smear with Wright–Giemsa staining and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Additionally, macroscopic ectoparasites were collected from bears to detect blood parasites and other pathogens. Moreover, the relationships between the bear variables (sex, age, and occurrence of parasites or pathogens), ectoparasites, and infectious agents were also analyzed. Results In all, 21 wild bears (14 in YNP and 7 in DSY) were captured and released during the satellite tracking studies. Hematological analysis and plasma biochemistry indicated significant differences in white blood cells (WBC), segments, creatine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels between foot snare and culvert-captured bears. Additionally, there were significant differences in total plasma protein (TPP), creatinine, Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+ levels between male and female bears. Moreover, pathogen-infected bears had significantly higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR; 30 min and 1 h) and globulin levels than uninfected bears. In total, 240 ticks were collected from 13 bears, among which eight adult tick species were identified, including Haemaphysalis flava, Haemaphysalis hystricis, Amblyomma testudinarium, Ixodes ovatus, Dermacentor taiwanensis, Haemaphysalis longicornis, Ixodes acutitarsus, Amblyomma javanense, and nymphs belonging to Haemaphysalis spp. PCR revealed that 13 (61.90%) and 8 (38.10%) bears harbored Hepatozoon ursi and Babesia DNA, respectively. Among the ticks examined, 157 (65.41%) and 128 (53.33%) samples were positive for H. ursi and Babesia, respectively. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to establish a database of the hematological and plasma profiles of wild Formosan black bears and investigate ectoparasite infestation and Hepatozoon and Babesia spp. infection. In conclusion, these findings may serve as a reference for monitoring the health and population of locally endangered bears. Graphical Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and safety of seahorse (Hippocampus comes L.) extract on hematological profile and body weight on rats induced by depo medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA). Materials and Methods: Thirty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats with 200–250 gm and 8 weeks old. All rats were intramuscularly administered 1.25 mg/kg BW DMPA Merck Depo Geston at 150 mg/3 ml. The animals were divided into five main groups (6 each), consisting of aquadest (G1), CMC 1% (G2), seahorse extract (SE) dose 150 mg/kg BW (G3), 225 mg/kg BW (G4), and 300 mg/ kg BW (G5). All rats were weighed until the end of the treatment week. Results: The hematological profile and body weight of the group given SE tended to increase compared to the group not given extract; however, our hematological profile and body weight were in the normal range for rats. Conclusion: We find that SE enhances the effectiveness of the hematological profile, body weight, and safety of rats induced by DMPA. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2024; 11(3.000): 717-721]

Background: The endangered Formosan black bear (Ursus thibetanus formosanus) is the largest native carnivorous mammal in Taiwan. Diseases, poor management, illegal hunting, and habitat destruction are serious threats to the survival of bear populations. However, studies on the impact of diseases on bear populations are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to establish a database of the hematological and plasma profiles of free-ranging Formosan black bears and investigate the occurrence of ectoparasites, blood parasites, and vector-borne pathogens. Methods: Formosan black bears were captured in Yushan National Park (YNP) and Daxueshan Forest Recreation Area (DSY) in Taiwan. Blood samples were collected from each bear for hematological analysis and plasma biochemistry using a hematology analyzer. Parasites and pathogens were detected using a thin blood smear with Wright–Giemsa staining and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Additionally, macroscopic ectoparasites were collected from bears to detect blood parasites and other pathogens. Moreover, the relationships between the bear variables (sex, age, and occurrence of parasites or pathogens), ectoparasites, and infectious agents were also analyzed. Results: In all, 21 wild bears (14 in YNP and 7 in DSY) were captured and released during the satellite tracking studies. Hematological analysis and plasma biochemistry indicated significant differences in white blood cells (WBC), segments, creatine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels between foot snare and culvert-captured bears. Additionally, there were significant differences in total plasma protein (TPP), creatinine, Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+ levels between male and female bears. Moreover, pathogen-infected bears had significantly higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR; 30 min and 1 h) and globulin levels than uninfected bears. In total, 240 ticks were collected from 13 bears, among which eight adult tick species were identified, including Haemaphysalis flava, Haemaphysalis hystricis, Amblyomma testudinarium, Ixodes ovatus, Dermacentor taiwanensis, Haemaphysalis longicornis, Ixodes acutitarsus, Amblyomma javanense, and nymphs belonging to Haemaphysalis spp. PCR revealed that 13 (61.90%) and 8 (38.10%) bears harbored Hepatozoon ursi and Babesia DNA, respectively. Among the ticks examined, 157 (65.41%) and 128 (53.33%) samples were positive for H. ursi and Babesia, respectively. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to establish a database of the hematological and plasma profiles of wild Formosan black bears and investigate ectoparasite infestation and Hepatozoon and Babesia spp. infection. In conclusion, these findings may serve as a reference for monitoring the health and population of locally endangered bears. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pregnancy is characterized by important variations in virtually every organ system to accommodate the growing and developing fetoplacental entity. Hence, the objective of this study is to assess the effect of pregnancy on hematological profile of female subjects attending a private hospital in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria using eighty female volunteered individuals comprising sixty pregnant subjects and twenty nonpregnant subjects. The pregnant group was further categorized into three trimesters, each consisting of twenty participants. Results were presented as Mean ± SD and analyzed using GraphPad Prism 5 software (GraphPad Software Inc.), and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Overall, the mean values of lymphocytes, red blood cells, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and platelets were decreased in the pregnant cohort when compared to the nonpregnant cohort, whereas an incremental rise in white blood cell, and granulocytes were observed in the pregnant cohort when compared to the nonpregnant cohort. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in the mean hematocrit and hemoglobin values was observed when comparing the first-trimester participants with the control participants, although white blood cells, granulocytes, lymphocytes, red blood cells, and platelets were not different (p > 0.05). The average values for white blood cells, granulocytes, red blood cells, hematocrit, and hemoglobin between secondtrimester individuals and those of nonpregnant individuals exhibited a significant variance (p < 0.05), while the average lymphocyte and platelet counts showed no significance (p > 0.05). the mean white blood cells, granulocytes, lymphocytes, red blood cells, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and platelet counts for the third-trimester subjects were significantly different (p < 0.05) when compared to the control subjects. The study outcome suggests that pregnancy affects hematological indices and may be a risk predictor for pregnancy-associated complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural guard liquid (NGL) is an immunomodulator consisting of an essential oil blend (lavender oil, eucalyptus oil, and pine oil) that can improve the immunity (IgG) of animals. The objective of this research was to assess the effectiveness of a mixture of NGL comprising of essential oil (eucalyptus, lavender, and pine oil) on growth performance, hematological profile, and antibody titer response to the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in Lohman strain broiler chickens. A total of 400-day-old unsexed broiler chickens with an average weight of 42.48 ± 2.08 g were randomly distributed into four groups, each comprising two replications with 50 chicks. The control group, T0, received no essential oil, while other treatment groups, T1, T2, and T3, were administered NGL at 80, 100, and 200 ppm, respectively. The mixture was administered in drinking water for 30 days. The animals had received vaccinations at the Hatchery, including active NDV, inactive NDV, and Gumboro. Regular recordings were made for feed consumption, water intake, mortality, and body weight. Blood samples for routine hematological examination (hemoglobin, erythrocytes, packed cell volume, erythrocyte index, leucocytes, and differential leucocytes) and immune parameter (NDV antibody titer) assessment were collected at the onset as well as after 15 and 30 days of treatment. The hemoglobin levels, erythrocytes, total leukocytes, lymphocytes, and Heterophil-lymphocyte index showed significant differences in groups T1 and T2 compared to T0. While the NDV antibody titer showed a significant difference at T2 compared to T0, it was not significantly different at T1 and T3. The best results and performance was indicated in T2 (100 ppm), characterized by body weight (1,839 g), and feed conversion ratio (1.573). The hematological profile in the T2 group included hemoglobin (11.78 g/dL), total erythrocytes (2.82 ×106 u/L), total leukocytes (52.67 ×103 u/L]), and the NDV antibody titer (48 ± 10.20) in the fifth week. In conclusion, the optimum dose of NGL is 100 ppm, which significantly influences growth performance, hematological profile, and antibody titer against NDV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Hypertension has emerged as a significant public health concern, ranking among the leading causes of mortality in low- and middle-income countries. Moreover, it is closely associated with structural and functional alterations in hematopoietic cells. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the hematological parameters of hypertensive patients in Northeast Ethiopia. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2023, involving 248 participants. This included 124 hypertensive patients and 124 apparently healthy controls selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected through a structured questionnaire, and anthropometric measurements were obtained following established guidelines. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethical Review Committee of the College of Medicine and Health Sciences at Wollo University. After obtaining informed consent, approximately 5 ml of venous blood was drawn from each participant for complete blood count and fasting blood glucose analysis, performed using the Mindray BC-3000 Plus hematology analyzer and the DIRUI CS-T240 automated clinical chemistry analyzer, respectively. Data analysis involved independent t-tests, Mann-Whitney U-tests, correlation tests, and logistic regression. A p-value of

Aysha A AlShareef,1,2,&ast; Moafaq S Alrawaili,1,2,&ast; Salwa Awwadh Almutairi,3 Mustafa Mohammad Ayyad,3 Weam Alshora4 1Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 2Neuromuscular Medicine Unit, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Neurology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 4Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Moafaq S Alrawaili, Department of Neurology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966547900080, Fax +966126128188, Email alruily@kau.edu.saBackground: Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a common complication of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and is characterized by persistent inflammation. Hematological parameters have emerged as a novel marker for detecting chronic inflammatory conditions, including diabetes.Aim: We aim to examine the association between HbA1c levels, which can indicate the presence of diabetic neuropathy, and hematological parameters to explore the possibility of using hematological parameters as a new indicator for DN in T2DM patients.Methods: This was a retrospective study of 768 (483 males and 284 females) medical records of adult T2DM patients with or without neuropathy who attending the outpatient neuromuscular clinic at King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital from January 2016 to December 2021.Results: The results showed significant increases in HbA1c levels (p=0.000), lymphocyte levels (p=0.028), and the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (p=0.011). In the T2DM group, HBA1C levels were found to be positively correlated with age (r=0.306, p=0.000), neutrophil (NEUT) (r=0. 287, p=0.000), platelet (PLT) (r=0. 148, p=0.039), and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (r=0.306193, p=0.0007), and negatively correlated with gender (r=− 0.306193, p=0.0007). In the T2DMN group, HBA1C levels showed a positive correlation with hemoglobin (HB) (r=0.084, p=0.045), PLT (r=0.087, p=0.037), and PLT/mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) ratio (PLT/MCH ratio) (r=0.12, p=0.004), and a negative correlation with age (r=− 0.204, p=0.000), gender (r=− 0.086, p=0.041), weight (WT) (r=− 0.113, p=0.007), Body Surface Area (BSA) (r=− 0.09, p=0.031), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (r=− 0.292, p=0.000), and MCH (r=− 0.186, p=0.000).Conclusion: Our study found a significant association between HbA1c, a biomarker for diabetic neuropathy, and various hematological parameters (HB, MCV, MCH, PLT, PLT/MCH ratio) in T2DMN patients. By effectively controlling and monitoring these variables, it may be feasible to prevent or delay the progression of peripheral neuropathy in diabetic patients. However, further research is needed to validate these findings.Plain Language Summary: DN is nerve damage induced by elevated blood glucose levels in T2DM. It is a common condition that affects patients by increasing the chance of falling, causing discomfort, and decreasing their quality of life. It is one of the most ubiquitous consequences of diabetes. Symptoms include limb numbness, tingling, weakness, and severe pain and sensitivity. Long-term microvascular effects of diabetes mellitus include retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. This study was done to evaluate the effects of DN on hematological parameters. The haematological parameters study aims to identify a relationship between HbA1c and DN. The researchers determined clinical data through clinical records including age, gender, WT, BSA, and laboratory data included HbA1c, HB, MCHC, MCV, MCH, PLT, RDW, HCT, NEUT, LYMPH, NLR, PLR, and PLT/MCH ratio. Statistical analysis was applied after data collection. As a result, this retrospective study identified both positive and negative correlations between HbA1c, a biomarker for diabetic neuropathy, and haematological variables in diabetic patients with neuropathy, including HB, MCV, MCH, PLT, and the PLT/MCH ratio. This finding may be used as a prognostic indicator of DN. It is crucial to manage and monitor blood sugar levels for effective treatment of this dangerous condition. Doctors advise regular walking and mild exercise to reduce neuropathy discomfort, build muscle, and regulate blood sugar levels. An in-depth investigation is required to validate the function of these parameters.Keywords: diabetic neuropathy, HbA1C, hematological profile, peripheral neuropathy, microvascular complications

Abstract Background Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy can cause prenatal placental perfusion with insufficient blood supply to the fetus, resulting in fetal exposure to hypoxia and leading to disturbance of neonatal hematopoietic stem cells. This study aimed to compare the hematological profiles of newborns from mothers with hypertensive disorders and normotensive delivered at the University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital. Methods A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from March to May 2022 among 308 newborns from hypertensive and normotensive mothers in equal proportions. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select study participants. Three milliliters of cord blood were collected to perform a complete blood count by Beckman coulter. The results were presented using tables and graphs. Independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were done to compare the hematological profiles of the two groups. P-value

Abstract Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health issue with an increasing incidence and prevalence worldwide. In CKD, hematological parameters are influenced, and the effect increases with CKD stage. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess hematological profile of children with CKD on follow up at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital and St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out from March 1 to June 30, 2021 among 238 children with CKD. EDTA tubes were used to collect 4 ml blood samples, which were then examined by Beckman Coulter automated hematology analyzer. SPSS Version 20 was used for statistical analysis, and a bivariate and multivariate regression model were applied to assess correlations. Mean and standard deviation was used to determine hematological profiles. Results The total number of patients in the study were 238, with 42 (59.7%) of them being men. The majority of the patients (81%) had CKD stage 1. Mean ± standard deviation determined for white blood cell (WBC) parameters in (thousand/µL); WBC, Neutrophil, Lymphocytes, Eosinophil, Monocytes and Basophil were 8.93 ± 3.32, 4.6 ± 8.31, 2.79 ± 1.62, 0.31 ± 0.51, 0.50 ± 3.03 and 0.03 ± 0.24, respectively. For some of red blood cell (RBC) parameters; RBC (million/ µL), Hemoglobin (Hgb) (g/dL), Hematocrit (Hct) (%) and Mean cell volume (fl.) were 4.73 ± 0.87, 12.82 ± 2.76, 38.28 ± 7.53 and 80.32 ± 7.89, respectively. For the platelet count (PLT) (thousand/µL) and Mean Platelet volume (MPV) (fL) 349.34 ± 130.18 and 9.03 ± 4.31 were determined, respectively. This study also found hematologic parameters such as RBC, HGB, HCT and MPV were found to be positively correlated with eGFR with a P-value

Highlights • Dengue virus infections exhibit a spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic cases to severe disease, with the potential for fatalities if not managed effectively. • Hematology factors significantly contribute to the severity of dengue virus infection. Abstract Background: The escalating incidence of dengue cases in Surabaya, Indonesia, underscores the imperative to comprehend the hematology profiles and disease severity in pediatric patients affected by dengue virus infections (DVI). As the prevalence of DVI continues to surge, understanding the nuanced clinical manifestations becomes paramount for effective management and mitigation of the disease burden. Objective: This study aimed to characterize the hematology profiles and the disease severity of dengue virus infections (DVI) among pediatric patients hospitalized at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia throughout 2019. Material and Method: A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data from medical records. Pediatric patients aged six months to 18 years were enrolled. A total sampling method comprised 67 patients meeting the inclusion criteria. Result: Severe thrombocytopenia was most commonly observed in dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) III cases (36.4%), while leukopenia was predominant in DF cases (42.2%). High hematocrit levels were more prevalent in DHF III cases (27.3%), and high hemoglobin levels were most frequently identified in DHF II and DHF III cases (33% in each case). Significant differences in DVI severity were observed in platelets and hemoglobin levels (p=0.0002 and p=0.0066, respectively) but not in leukocyte and hematocrit levels. Conclusion: Mild thrombocytopenia was prevalent in Dengue Fever (DF), while severe thrombocytopenia was most prevalent in Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) grade III. Leukopenia was prominent in DF patients, and platelets and hemoglobin levels varied across severity of DVI. These findings provide insights for improved clinical management and diagnostic criteria refinement.

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a widespread infectious disease that significantly affects the dairy farming sector in Indonesia. In reducing the impact caused by FMD, proper treatment performed by veterinarians is necessary. Hematological profile can be used as a data reference to prioritize dairy cattle infected with FMD. This study aimed to describe the hematological profile in dairy cattle with FMD infection. This study was collected data from 15 dairy cattle with FMD infection at Koperasi Peternak Sapi Bandung Utara (KPSBU), Lembang, West Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. Parameters observed in the hematology analyzer were the numbers of erythrocytes, leukocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, platelets, hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW, and MPV. The results of the examination of hematological profile showed various numbers. It found lymphopenia, neutrophilia, and high MPV values. It was suggested for veterinarians to refer to this study's results to determine an effective and efficient treatment.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary orange peel fragments (OPFs) enriched with vitamins C (C) and E (E), as well as zinc (Zn) on the growth performance, hematological profile, immunological parameters, antioxidant capacity, and fillet lipid peroxidation of Nile tilapia subjected to heat/dissolved oxygen-induced stress (HDOIS), transport-induced stress (TIS), and Aeromonas hydrophila infection (BC). A group of 500 male Nile tilapia (2.7 ± 0.03 g) was randomly distributed in twenty-five 250 L aquaria (20 fish/aquarium) and fed diets containing OPFs (6 g kg−1), OPFs/C (6 g kg−1/1.8 g kg−1), OPFs/E (6 g kg−1/0.4 g kg−1), OPFs/Zn (6 g kg−1/0.21 g kg−1), or OPFs/C/E/Zn (6 g kg−1/1.8 g kg−1/0.4 g kg−1/0.21 g kg−1) for 100 days. The diets were formulated to contain 30% crude protein and 17 MJ kg−1 gross energy. After the feeding period, three groups of fish were independently subjected to a different type of stress: HDOIS (34 °C) for two days; TIS for four hours, or BC for 15 days. The hematological profile, antioxidant capacity, and fillet lipid peroxidation were determined before and after all the stress treatments, along with immunological parameters, which were investigated only for the fish subjected to bacterial infection. In summary, the results showed that growth was not affected by the OPFs, nor by the OPFs enriched with C, E, and Zn; bacterial infection determined anemia for the fish fed any of the experimental diets; the OPFs did not prevent lipid peroxidation under TIS and BC; on the other hand, when enriched with C/E/Zn, lipid peroxidation decreased under HDOIS and TIS. In conclusion, the OPFs enriched with C/E/Zn showed a synergistic effect that promoted an increase in antioxidant enzyme activity, a decrease in lipid peroxidation, and the maintenance of the hematological profile under HDOIS and TIS, but they were not able to maintain the health status under BC.

Stress has been associated with various diseases and physiological disruptions. Chlorella vulgaris is known for its antioxidant properties. This study examined the effects of C. vulgaris on the hematological profile of stress-induced Wistar rats. Stress significantly impacted various hematological parameters, including erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit levels, white blood cell count, and platelet count. The supplementation of cultivated C. vulgaris effectively restored erythrocyte count and suppressed elevated lymphocyte levels, while commercially available C. vulgaris and amitriptyline drugs had no significant effects on these parameters. Stress caused smaller-sized erythrocytes but did not significantly affect mean corpuscular volume. Both amitriptyline and C. vulgaris restored platelet levels, while mean platelet volume remained unaffected. Overall, C. vulgaris showed promise as a therapeutic intervention for countering stress-induced inhibition of erythropoiesis and restoring erythrocyte count, but more research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms and develop effective strategies for managing stress-related changes in hematological parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health issue with an increasing incidence and prevalence worldwide. In CKD, hematological parameters are influenced, and the effect increases with CKD stage. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess hematological profile of children with CKD on follow up at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital and St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from March 1 to June 30, 2021 among 238 children with CKD. EDTA tubes were used to collect 4 ml blood samples, which were then examined by Beckman Coulter automated hematology analyzer. SPSS Version 20 was used for statistical analysis, and a bivariate and multivariate regression model were applied to assess correlations. Mean and standard deviation was used to determine hematological profiles. Results: The total number of patients in the study were 238, with 42 (59.7%) of them being men. The majority of the patients (81%) had CKD stage 1. Mean ± standard deviation determined for white blood cell (WBC) parameters in (thousand/µL); WBC, Neutrophil, Lymphocytes, Eosinophil, Monocytes and Basophil were 8.93 ± 3.32, 4.6 ± 8.31, 2.79 ± 1.62, 0.31 ± 0.51, 0.50 ± 3.03 and 0.03 ± 0.24, respectively. For some of red blood cell (RBC) parameters; RBC (million/ µL), Hemoglobin (Hgb) (g/dL), Hematocrit (Hct) (%) and Mean cell volume (fl.) were 4.73 ± 0.87, 12.82 ± 2.76, 38.28 ± 7.53 and 80.32 ± 7.89, respectively. For the platelet count (PLT) (thousand/µL) and Mean Platelet volume (MPV) (fL) 349.34 ± 130.18 and 9.03 ± 4.31 were determined, respectively. This study also found hematologic parameters such as RBC, HGB, HCT and MPV were found to be positively correlated with eGFR with a P-value < 0.05 for all parameters. Conclusion: The study found that the majority of study participants were in stages 1 to 3 based on their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Some of hematological parameters found to have positive correlation with eGFR. There is a need to improve multiple aspects of CKD management, including routine hematological tests for children with chronic kidney disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy can cause prenatal placental perfusion with insufficient blood supply to the fetus, resulting in fetal exposure to hypoxia and leading to disturbance of neonatal hematopoietic stem cells. This study aimed to compare the hematological profiles of newborns from mothers with hypertensive disorders and normotensive delivered at the University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from March to May 2022 among 308 newborns from hypertensive and normotensive mothers in equal proportions. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select study participants. Three milliliters of cord blood were collected to perform a complete blood count by Beckman coulter. The results were presented using tables and graphs. Independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were done to compare the hematological profiles of the two groups. P-value < 0.05were considered statistically significant. Results: The majority of hypertensive and normotensive mothers' ages were between 20 and 34 years (83.77% and 90.91%, respectively). The hematocrit levels were significantly higher in neonates of hypertensive mothers than the neonates of normotensive mothers (49.10 ± 5.19% and 46.09 ± 7.63% respectively) (P < 0.001) while neutrophil counts were significantly lower in neonates of hypertensive mothers than the neonates of normotensive mothers (6.62 ± 3.30 and 7.55 ± 3.31 × 103 /ul respectively) (P = 0.007). Also, platelets counts were significantly lower in neonates of hypertensive mothers than neonates of normotensive mothers (221.25 ± 83.56 and 260.24 ± 83.01 × 103/ul respectively) (P < 0.001). The platelet and nucleated red blood cell count showed a statistically significant difference among newborns from mothers with superimposed preeclampsia and gestational hypertension. Conclusion: Newborns delivered from hypertensive disorders of pregnancy had low white blood cell parameters, low platelet count and high red blood cell parameters compared to controls. As result, newborns may develop leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and polycythemia, respectively. Therefore, newborns should be monitored for early detection and follow-up of hematological abnormalities before complications occurred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Major sickle cell syndromes are the most common hemoglobinopathy in the world. The sickle cell patients are subjected to several factors causing inflammation, and the genetic identification of each individual allows to focus the possibility of allelic variations influence of a specific gene and then the polymorphism. This study aims at determining the distribution of HP gene (OMIM#140100) and their involvement on hematological parameters and the iron profile in the sickle cell patients presenting an inflammation condition during major sickle cell syndromes in Cameroun. Methods: A case–control analytical study has been conducted over a period of 6 months. Cases consisting of sickle cell patients in a situation of inflammation and control of non‐inflamed sickle cell patients. The patients presenting major sickle cell syndromes, interned and/or followed at the Hematology Department of the Regional Hospital of Bafoussam and the Central Hospital of Yaoundé have been recruited. HP genotyping was carried out at the Laboratory for Public Health Research Biotechnologies (LAPHER‐Biotech) in Yaoundé using allele‐specific PCR. Also, inflammatory, hematological parameters and martial assessment were explored by standard methods. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the statistical tool R version 4.1.1. The comparison of proportions of alleles was made with the chi‐square test, and the Wilcoxon test was used to compare the median between different groups using the statistical tool R version 4.1.1. Results: We analyzed the samples of 149 patients. The HP polymorphism describes a significant frequency of the "1F" allele (69.8%) followed by the "2" allele (46.31%). In addition, 80 patients (53.69%), 48 (32.21%), and 21 (14.09%) presented the genotype HP 1‐1, HP 2‐1, and HP 2‐2, respectively. And eighty‐one percent (81%) patients with genotype HP 2‐2 showed a significant higher relative frequency of thrombocytosis compared with the genotype HP 1‐1 and HP 2‐1, respectively (51.2% and 68.8%, p = 0.087). The proportion of inflammation in the HP 2‐2 group was higher (57.1%) compared with the other groups (respectively 42.5% and 35.4% in the HP 1‐1 and HP 2‐1 groups). Furthermore, the median CRP was significantly higher in the HP 2‐2 group compared with the other groups (p = 0.039). Moreover, the entire population of the HP 2‐2 group showed an elevation of ferritin and IL6 unlike the HP 1‐1 and HP 2‐1 groups. Conclusion: This study demonstrates a higher frequency of genotype HP 1‐1 followed by the HP 2‐2 genotype in patients with major sickle cell syndromes. However, a larger proportion of patients with genotype HP 2‐2 are associated with hematological profile disorders, inflammation, and dysregulation of iron metabolism. Then, the haptoglobin polymorphism contributes to the severity of major sickle cell syndromes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Backgroung: the COVID-19 epidemic began in December 2019, and the shortage of diagnostic resources has affected the reported data on the number of cases, resulting in variations in reported cases between countries. This situation underscores the necessity for a deeper understanding of SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology, including blood profiles and potential predictors. Methods: hematological variables were studied in 200 patients diagnosed with COVID-19, before the vaccination period started. We analyzed hemogram parameters: erythrocytes, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), hematocrit, red cell distribution width (RDW), platelets, mean platelet volume (MPV), leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), up to 9 days after positive result for COVID-19. Results: the positive COVID-19 group presented a higher mean age, as well as a higher frequency of male individuals. Erythrocyte, hemoglobin, hematocrit and MCH values were significantly lower, while RDW and PLR showed higher values in the positive group. Leukocytes, neutrophil and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio presented higher values in the positive COVID-19 group. Conclusion: data showed that the hemogram, a low-cost, minimally invasive exam, supports diagnosis and screening of COVID-19, allowing better evaluation of the disease course and assisting medical decisions facing lack of resources in a pandemic situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rabbit feed in Algeria is still based exclusively on commercial pelleted diets, but the recent use of non-conventional ingredients in feed formulation is becoming more frequent, and several studies were carried out on the incorporation of local raw materials in rabbit feed worldwide. However, studies related to the incorporation of Jujube are nonexistent. In this context; this experimental trial assessed the impact of Jujube pulp on local populations' rabbits' hematological and biochemical parameters during three physiological stages: non-pregnancy, pregnancy, and lactation. 72 rabbits were divided into 18 groups of 04 rabbits each one, three groups of non-pregnant females fed 100 % commercial pelleted diet, three groups of non-pregnant females fed 50 % commercial pelleted diet with 50 % Jujube, three groups of pregnant females fed 100 % commercial pelleted diet, three groups of pregnant females fed 50 % commercial pelleted diet with 50 % Jujube, three groups of lactating females fed 100 % commercial pelleted diet, and three groups of lactating females fed 50 % commercial pelleted diet with 50 % Jujube. The levels of white blood cells (WBC), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), lymphocytes (L %), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and Platelets (PLT) recorded in pregnant and lactating rabbits fed a diet incorporating Jujube were greater than those found in females fed 100 % commercial pelleted diet. The results revealed also that 79 % of the variations in ALP, 79 % in creatinine and 57 % in Tb expressed were related to variations in diet and physiological stage. The hematological and biochemical profile of the experimental animals indicated that Jujube is nutritionally appropriate without any deleterious effect on the female rabbits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Knowledge and cognizance of various hemopoietin cells and cord blood hematological profile of a new born has helped the mankind in not only early detection of various genetic, metabolic, hematological and malignant diseases but also to cure them. However, there is lot of variation in standard baseline reference values of hematological profile in newborns with regard to age, gender and demography. This study therefore aimed to analyze hematological values of cord blood of normal Indian neonates at an altitude of more than 3000 feet above sea level. Objective: This study was conducted to record and analyze the complete hematological profile of cord blood of a normal newborn at an altitude of 3000 feet and above the sea level. Methods: This was a tertiary care hospital based longitudinal observational study of hematological profile of cord blood of 200 normal term newborns. The various hematological parameters were analyzed and distributed accordingly to gender and the type of delivery. The continuous data was expressed as mean and standard deviation and the discrete data was expressed as percentage. The difference of variances of different baseline parameters were analyzed using student t- test as per gender and mode of delivery. The p-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The mean hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell count, red blood cell count, platelet count, reticulocyte count and nucleated RBC of the study population was 15.72±1.67g/dl, 49.13±5.49%, 14.70±3.96x109/L, 4.50±0.59x109/L, 283.40±74.08x109/L, 4.32±0.87% and 6.87±4.60/100 WBC respectively. There was no statistical difference in the hematological parameters of male and female newborns except in hemoglobin value of 16.02±1.62g/dl and 15.44±1.68g/dl respectively with p<0.01. The mode of delivery had no significant impact on the differences in the various hematological values. Conclusion: This study is one of its kind conducted at an altitude of more than 3000 feet above sea level in northern part of India to evaluate various cord blood hematological parameters and is comparable to the other studies done at high altitude throughout the globe. Further studies are needed with large sample size from the different geographical areas of this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Phytogenic feed additives are products derived from plants used to improve the performance and health of animals. Nowadays, this type of phytogenic feed additive is widely used as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in poultry feed, and clove bud is one of the most effective medicinal herbs that has caught the attention of researchers. Aim: This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of adding clove bud powder to the broiler chicken's feed on the hematological profile, biochemical parameters, lymphoid organs, and cell-mediated immunity. Method: A total of 360 unsexed chicks (Ross 308) were allotted to three groups. All chicks were raised under the same normal management conditions from 1 day to 6 weeks of age. The first group was fed a basal diet and the other two groups were assigned to add 0.5% and 1.0% of clove bud powder to the basal diet. The studied traits were total leukocyte counts (TLC), differential leukocyte counts (DLC), blood cholesterol level, blood liver enzymes [aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzymes], the weight of lymphoid organs (bursa of Fabricius and spleen), and cell-mediated immunity. Results: Despite the significant and varied changes (p = 0.05) that resulted from adding clove buds powder to the broiler feed in the second and third weeks, the results at the end of the experiment indicated that there was no negative effect of adding clove powder on the TLC and DLC, as well as the heterophils/lymphocytes ratio. In addition, feeding on a diet containing clove buds powder had no significant effect on the level of cholesterol and liver enzymes in the blood, except for (ALP), which showed a significant increase (p = 0.01) in comparison to the control group. Moreover, the results showed in the second and fifth weeks a significant increase (p = 0.05) in the relative weight of the spleen, but, in general, there were no significant effects at the end of the experiment on the relative weight of the lymphoid organs. Furthermore, the broiler chickens that consumed clove bud powder at a rate of 0.5% showed a highly significant (p = 0.01) cellular immune response. Conclusion: This study concluded that the addition of clove bud powder had no negative effect on leukocyte counts or differentiated leukocyte counts. The addition also raised the spleen weight and improved the level of blood alkane phosphatase activity and cellular immune response in broiler chickens during the growth stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a widespread infectious disease that significantly affects the dairy farming sector in Indonesia. In reducing the impact caused by FMD, proper treatment performed by veterinarians is necessary. Hematological profile can be used as a data reference to prioritize dairy cattle infected with FMD. This study aimed to describe the hematological profile in dairy cattle with FMD infection. This study was collected data from 15 dairy cattle with FMD infection at Koperasi Peternak Sapi Bandung Utara (KPSBU), Lembang, West Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. Parameters observed in the hematology analyzer were the numbers of erythrocytes, leukocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, platelets, hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW, and MPV. The results of the examination of hematological profile showed various numbers. It found lymphopenia, neutrophilia, and high MPV values. It was suggested for veterinarians to refer to this study's results to determine an effective and efficient treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pregnancy is characterized by important variations in virtually every organ system to accommodate the growing and developing fetoplacental entity. Hence, the objective of this study is to assess the effect of pregnancy on hematological profile of female subjects attending a private hospital in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria using eighty female volunteered individuals comprising sixty pregnant subjects and twenty nonpregnant subjects. The pregnant group was further categorized into three trimesters, each consisting of twenty participants. Results were presented as Mean ± SD and analyzed using GraphPad Prism 5 software (GraphPad Software Inc.), and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Overall, the mean values of lymphocytes, red blood cells, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and platelets were decreased in the pregnant cohort when compared to the nonpregnant cohort, whereas an incremental rise in white blood cell, and granulocytes were observed in the pregnant cohort when compared to the nonpregnant cohort. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in the mean hematocrit and hemoglobin values was observed when comparing the first-trimester participants with the control participants, although white blood cells, granulocytes, lymphocytes, red blood cells, and platelets were not different (p > 0.05). The average values for white blood cells, granulocytes, red blood cells, hematocrit, and hemoglobin between second-trimester individuals and those of nonpregnant individuals exhibited a significant variance (p < 0.05), while the average lymphocyte and platelet counts showed no significance (p > 0.05). the mean white blood cells, granulocytes, lymphocytes, red blood cells, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and platelet counts for the third-trimester subjects were significantly different (p < 0.05) when compared to the control subjects. The study outcome suggests that pregnancy affects hematological indices and may be a risk predictor for pregnancy-associated complications.

Background: Combretum molle (Combretaceae) is a plant used in Cameroon traditional medicine to treat diabetes mellitus. To our knowledge, no studies have been performed on the preventive effects of C. molle on change in hematological, biochemical, and histological parameters of insulin-resistant rats. The aim of the study was to evaluate the preventive effect of C. molle on changes in the hematological biochemical, and histological parameters of insulin-resistant rats. Methods: Insulin resistance was induced for 10 days by subcutaneous injection of dexamethasone (1 mg/kg), one hour after oral pretreatment of animals with distilled water, metformin (40 mg/kg), and C. molle extract (250 and 500 mg/kg). Hematological profile (red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and their indices), biomarkers of renal and hepatic function, hepatic glycogen level, activity of hepatic enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism, and histological sections of kidney, liver and pancreas were assessed. Results: C. molle extract (250 and 500 mg/kg) caused a significant decrease (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001) in white blood cells, platelets count, and the activities of fructose 6-diphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and transaminases. It also caused significant increase (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001) in red blood cells, hemoglobin, albumin, glycogen, urea, uric acid, and creatinine values, and fructose-1,6-diphospatase and glucokinase activity. Histological examination revealed regeneration of beta-cells of the pancreatic islets and preventive renal and hepatic tissues against damages caused by impact of dexamethasone. Conclusion: C. molle extract protected insulin-resistant patients from hematological, biochemical, and histopathological changes, there by validating the merits of the use of this plant in traditional medicine to treat diabetes mellitus and its complications.

Titing Nurhayati,1,&ast; Muhammad Irfan Fathoni,2,&ast; Siti Nur Fatimah,3,&ast; Vita Murniati Tarawan,1 Hanna Goenawan,1 Resti Gradia Dwiwina1 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; 2Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; 3Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Titing Nurhayati, Physiology Division, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas, Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang KM 21, Bandung, West Java, 45363, Indonesia, Tel/Fax +62 85 222221149, Email titing.nurhayati@unpad.ac.idBackground: Indonesia is a country with high biodiversity of more than 20,000 plant species, and 35% of them are identified as having health benefits. Moringa oleifera is one plant that almost all of its parts have been used as nutritional supplements and traditional medicines. Moringa leaves contain nutrients, antioxidants, and bioactive substances that have anti-inflammatory, wound healing, and anti-anemia properties.Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the hematological effect of Moringa leaf powder in male Wistar rats under normal conditions.Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats strain (Rattus norvegicus) 9− 10 weeks old and 250− 275 grams were divided into four groups (n=6), normal as a control group and three other groups were given Moringa leaf powder at doses 200, 400, and 800 mg/kgBW during 12 weeks. Blood samples at week 12 were administered to determine blood count.Results: The results of this study showed differences between the various doses of Moringa leaf powder for each hematological profile. These differences were more significant for MCH parameters that indicated a decrease in the D800 group compared with the control group.Conclusion: In conclusion, this study revealed that the consumption of Moringa leaf powder for 12 weeks did not have a significant change in the hematological profile, except for the MCH value that revealed a modification.Keywords: Moringa oleifera, hematological profile, Wistar rats, normal conditions

Background: Phytogenic feed additives are products derived from plants used to improve the performance and health of animals. Nowadays, this type of phytogenic feed additive is widely used as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in poultry feed, and clove bud is one of the most effective medicinal herbs that has caught the attention of researchers. Aim: This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of adding clove bud powder to the broiler chicken's feed on hematological profile, biochemical parameters, lymphoid organs, and cell-mediated immunity. Method: A total of 360 unsexed chicks (Ross 308) were allotted into three groups. All chicks were raised under the same normal management conditions from one day to 6 weeks of age. The first group was fed on a basal diet and the rest two groups were assigned to add 0.5% and 1.0% of clove bud powder to the basal diet. The studied traits were total leukocyte counts (TLC), differential leukocyte counts (DLC), blood cholesterol level, blood liver enzymes [aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzymes], the weight of lymphoid organs (bursa of Fabricius and spleen) and cell-mediated immunity. Results: Despite the significant and varied changes (P≤0.05) that resulted from adding clove buds powder to the broiler feed in the second and third weeks, the results at the end of the experiment indicated that there was no negative effect of adding clove powder on the TLC and DLC, as well as the Heterophils/lymphocytes ratio. In addition, feeding on a diet containing clove buds powder had no significant effect on the level of cholesterol and liver enzymes in the blood, except for (ALP), which showed a significant increase (P≤0.01) in comparison to the control group. Moreover, the results showed in the second and fifth weeks a significant increase (P≤0.05) in the relative weight of the spleen, but in general, there were no significant effects at the end of the experiment on the relative weight of the lymphoid organs. Furthermore, the broiler chickens that consumed clove bud powder at a rate of 0.5% showed a highly significant (P≤0.01) cellular immune response. Conclusion: This study concluded that the addition of clove bud powder had no negative effect on leukocyte counts and differentiated leukocyte counts. The addition also raised the spleen weight and improved the level of blood alkane phosphatase activity and cellular immune response in broiler chickens during the growth stages. [Open Vet J 2023; 13(7.000): 854-863]

AbstractOne of the prominent complications observed in those undergoing treatment with methotrexate (MTX) is hematological profile alterations which could culminate in severe anemia. In this study, we assessed the hematological profile indices in MXT-treated rats and the effect of leaf extract of Datura stramonium (LEDS) supplementation in MXT-treated rats. Ethanol (98%) was the solvent used in extraction. Animals were divided at random into four groups. Animals in group 1 received normal saline (5 mg/kg) orally and feeding was limitless and did not receive MXT. Animals in group 2 were given LEDS orally (200 mg/kg body weight) for 21 days while group 3 received 20 mg/kg body weight (bw) of MXT on day 18 via the intra-peritoneum without LEDS. Rats in group 4 were given the extract (200 mg/kg bw) and also injected with 20 mg/kg bw of MXT on day 18 of the study via the intra-peritoneum. Serum levels of hemoglobin, red blood cells, packed cell volume, total white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and platelets were determined. Rats treated with MXT had notable depletion in hemoglobin, red blood cells, packed cell volume, total white blood cells, neutrophils, and platelets, unlike the control group. Interestingly, LEDS supplementation markedly restored the altered hematological profiles. MXT injection caused hematological dysfunction while co-supplementation with LEDS restored the impaired hematological indices. Therefore, LEDS could be a promising tool in arresting hematological dysfunctions accompanying MXT chemotherapy. However, we advocate for further prospective scrutiny.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with sea buckthorn and vitamin E on the physiological status of Oreochromis niloticus species. The experimental design consists in a four experimental diet: V1 - control, V2 - 1% sea buckthorn/kg feed, V3 - 500 mg vitamin E/kg feed and V4 - 1% sea buckthorn+500 mg vitamin E/kg feed. The results revealed that dietary supplementation with this phytobiotic and vitamin contributed to the emergence of significant changes compared to the control variant at the level of the number of erythrocytes, erythrocyte constants (MCV, MCH, MCHC), glucose concentration and total protein. In variant V4 it was observed an increase of erythrocyte constants (MCV and MCH) and a reduction of the number of erythrocytes. Regarding to the leukocyte reaction, in V2, V3 and V4 variants was observed an improvement of the fish physiological status compared to the fish from control variant. In conclusion, the dietary supplementation with sea buckthorn and vitamin E (V4) presented a synergistic effect on the welfare status of Nile tilapia reared in a recirculating aquaculture system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Zebrafish are frequently used as model organisms in scientific research as their genes mirror those of humans. Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria can infect humans and animals, mainly fish. This study aimed to identify the concentration and route of A. hydrophila infection in adult zebrafish. Zebrafish had been used as a challenge test by analyzing their hematological profiles, blood glucose levels, and survival rates. Materials and Methods: Induction of cell supernatant free (CSF) from A. hydrophila bacteria in adult zebrafish was carried out via bath immersion (BI), intraperitoneal injection (IPI), intramuscular injection (IMI), and healthy zebrafish as a control (C). The bacterial concentrations were 107, 109, and 1011 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL. At 24 h post-infection, the outcomes of infection were evaluated based on survival rates, hematological profiles, and blood glucose levels. A one-way analysis of variance with a confidence level of 95% was employed to examine the data. Results: In the BI, IPI, and IMI treatment groups, the survival rate of the fish reached a peak of 100%, 22%–100%, and 16%–63%, respectively, compared with the injection technique. In the IMI2 group, a 109 CFU/mL bacterial concentration was determined to correspond to the lethal dosage 50. All infection groups had lower erythrocyte and hemoglobin counts but higher leukocyte counts than the control group. The blood sugar levels of the healthy and infected groups were not significantly different. Conclusion: The route of A. hydrophila infection through Intramuscular injection with a concentration of 109 CFU/mL indicated a high performance compared to other techniques. This method could be developed as a reproducible challenge test.

Aytenew Atnaf,1 Abtie Abebaw Shiferaw,1 Workineh Tamir,1 Yibeltal Akelew,1 Milkiyas Toru,1 Daniel Tarekegn,2 Bekalu Bewket,3 Alemayehu Reta1 1Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia; 2Department of Public health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia; 3Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Aytenew Atnaf, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, P.O.Box 269, Debre Markos, Ethiopia, Tel +251 924474452, Email atnafnew5@gmail.comBackground: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is coronavirus isolated from SARS patients. As far as the researchers’ knowledge, there was paucity of studies conducted in Ethiopia, particularly in the study area. As immune protection is arisen from our blood cells, assessing their level will provide a clue for controlling the disease and monitoring the prognosis. This study will also provide additional information for clinical intervention and patient management.Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the hematological profile and clinical outcome of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) among patients admitted to the Debre Markos Isolation and Treatment Center (DMITC).Material and Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted among 136 COVID-19 adult patients at DMITC from January 1, 2020 to March 30, 2021. Data related to clinical, hematological profiles and socio-demographic factors were collected, entered into Epi data, and analyzed using STATA 14.2 software. Multivariable logistic regression was applied to determine the predictor variable and a p-value < 0.05 was considered significant.Results: Of 136 COVID-19 patients, 28.68% had died. The mean age of patients was 47.21± 1.29 years. The hematological profile of the patients revealed that 28% had abnormal leukocyte, 23% abnormal lymphocyte, 44.85% abnormal granulocyte, 22.06% abnormal monocyte, 30.15% abnormal RBC and 87% abnormal platelet counts. The prevalence of anemia was 13.24%.Conclusion: Leukocytosis (mainly granulocytosis and monocytosis) and lymphopenia, were the predominant abnormal findings of complete blood cell count (CBC) analysis of the patient’s blood. Most of the patients had abnormally low platelet counts. RBC count and hematocrit determination were the only significant predictors of death. The clinician could manage cases according to the hematological findings of the patients. Further experimental studies should be conducted to determine hematological parameter changes and the clinical outcome of the disease.Keywords: leukocytosis, hematological profile, COVID-19, clinical outcome, Debre Markos

This study provides the effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in blood profile and pathological changes of liver albino in male rats, the aims of present study were detected the influence of TCDD in the male rats, the present study was include (118 albino male rats) divided into three groups, their age ranged from 8-9 week, the LD50 of TCDD (70.7 μg /kg) and the period of this study 90 days. The hematological examination showed increased in WBCs while decreased in RBCs, Hb., platelets in 2nd & 3rd group, the pathological examination revealed in 2nd & 3rd group in liver enlargement and pale in color, the histopathological changes in liver showed extensive necrosis, cirrhosis, dilation in sinusoid, increased cellularity, granulomatous reaction and sever infiltration of inflammatory cells, acute cellular swelling with mild sinusoid and infiltration of neutrophils, moderate infiltration of inflammatory cells, sinusoid dilation with extensive hemorrhage, fibroblast cells aggregation with midzone areas of necrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AimsIn this study, we aimed to apply laboratory blood analysis to identify the hematological (based on hemoglobin concentration, erythrocytes, hematocrit, and RDW count) profiles associated with the most prevalent forms of digestive tract malignancies. Furthermore, we aimed to evaluate how these profiles contributed to distinguishing these tumors at diagnosis.MethodsWe collected data from the date of ICD-10 diagnostic coding for C15 esophagus, C16 stomach, C18 colon, and C19 rectum tumors of 184 individuals. The statistical analysis and data visualization approaches, notably the heat map and principal component analysis (PCA), allowed for creating a summary hematological profile and identifying the most associated parameters for each pathologic state. Univariate and multivariate data modeling and ROC analysis were performed in both SPSS and Python.ResultsOur data reveal unique patterns based on tumor development anatomical location, clustering the C18 colon and C19 rectum from the C15 esophagus and C16 stomach. We found a significant difference between C16 stomach carcinoma and the other tumors, which substantially correlated with raised RDW in conjunction with low hemoglobin concentration, erythrocytes, and hematocrit counts. In contrast, C18 colon carcinoma had the higher red blood cell count, allowing for the best classification metrics in the test set of the binary logistic regression (LR) model, accounting for an AUC of 0.77 with 94% sensitivity and 52% specificity.ConclusionThis study emphasizes the significance of adding hematological patterns in diagnosing these malignancies, which could path further investigations regarding profiling and monitoring at the point of care.

Puspa Sari,1 Raden Tina Dewi Judistiani,1 Dewi Marhaeni Diah Herawati,1 Meita Dhamayanti,2 Dany Hilmanto2 1Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia; 2Department of Child Health, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, West Java, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Puspa Sari, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Jalan Ir. Soekarno KM. 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia, Tel +62 022 84288888, Email puspa.sari@unpad.ac.idBackground: Iron deficiency anemia is a common problem among adolescent girls and women, with significant consequences on personal health. One of the causes of iron deficiency anemia is inadequate nutritional intake. This study explores iron-deficiency anemia and associated factors among adolescent girls and women in a rural area of Jatinangor, Indonesia.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 95 adolescent girls and 85 women between April and November 2018. Cluster random sampling was used to select the participants from seven villages in the Jatinangor district. After obtaining informed consent, we collected sociodemographic data, menstrual histories, and related data, including nutritional intake using 24-hour dietary recall. Anthropometrics were gathered to determine the body mass Index (BMI), and venous blood samples were analyzed for complete blood count and hemoglobin levels. Descriptive statistics followed by bivariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify anemia-associated factors.Results: The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia among the girls was 21.1% and 9.4% among women, with an average hemoglobin level in adolescents of 10.75 g/dL (± 0.79) and in adults 11.20 g/dL (± 0.61), whereas MCV was 74.49± 8.22 fL in adolescents and 7.61± 8.62 fL in adults. The majority of our samples were not stunted in growth and were also within a normal weight range. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that protein intake (OR=0.25; 95% CI 0.11– 0.58) was a positively associated factor with anemia.Conclusion: The prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia in this study represents a mild public health problem in the study sample. Based on the hemoglobin level, anemia, can be classified as moderate in adolescents and mild in adults. Low levels of MCH indicate iron-deficiency anemia. Sufficient protein intake did not prevent anemia due to macronutrient and micronutrient intake.Keywords: hematological profile, iron deficiency anemia, nutrient intake

Introduction: Termitomyces sp. is an edible fungal species commonly found in tropical forests in Africa and Southeast Asia. It is consumed as an immunomodulatory agent to enhance the immune system. This study explored the hematological profile of ethyl acetate extract of fungus comb(EAEFC) on mice's inflammatory response induced by intraperitoneally-injected lipopolysaccharide. Methods: An experimental study with a post-test-only control group design using BALB/C mice(n = 24, bodyweight/BW:25-30 grams) was conducted. The animals were randomly allocated into 4 groups, each consisting of 6 mice, and received substance(s) via gavage. Groups I and III received 5% Dimethyl Sulfoxide(DMSO) in water, groups II and IV received 500mg/kg BW EAEFC in 5% DMSO. On day 15, Group I and II were injected intraperitoneally with 5 ml/kg BW saline, whereas Group III and IV with 10 mg/kg BW lipopolysaccharide(LPS) in 5 ml/kg BW saline. After three hours, the mice were sacrificed; their blood was collected, and a hematological profile was observed. The results were displayed as mean ± standard deviation (SD), and the differences between groups were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The non-normally distributed data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis followed by Man-Whitney U test. Results: Peripheral blood study revealed that the levels of leukocyte count from the EAEFC group(group II) increased significantly when compared to the negative control(group I). Group IV had higher granulocyte and lower lymphocyte percentages than group III, suggesting the potential inflammation-regulating effect of EAEFC, while there is no marked difference in group I and II without LPS-induced inflammatory response. Conclusion: Results indicated that EAEFC altered leukocyte responses when the inflammation occurred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Zebrafish are frequently used as model organisms in scientific research as their genes mirror those of humans. Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria can infect humans and animals, mainly fish. This study aimed to identify the concentration and route of A. hydrophila infection in adult zebrafish. Zebrafish had been used as a challenge test by analyzing their hematological profiles, blood glucose levels, and survival rates. Materials and Methods: Induction of cell supernatant free (CSF) from A. hydrophila bacteria in adult zebrafish was carried out via bath immersion (BI), intraperitoneal injection (IPI), intramuscular injection (IMI), and healthy zebrafish as a control (C). The bacterial concentrations were 107, 109, and 1011 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL. At 24 h post-infection, the outcomes of infection were evaluated based on survival rates, hematological profiles, and blood glucose levels. A oneway analysis of variance with a confidence level of 95% was employed to examine the data. Results: In the BI, IPI, and IMI treatment groups, the survival rate of the fish reached a peak of 100%, 22%-100%, and 16%-63%, respectively, compared with the injection technique. In the IMI2 group, a 109 CFU/mL bacterial concentration was determined to correspond to the lethal dosage 50. All infection groups had lower erythrocyte and hemoglobin counts but higher leukocyte counts than the control group. The blood sugar levels of the healthy and infected groups were not significantly different. Conclusion: The route of A. hydrophila infection through Intramuscular injection with a concentration of 109 CFU/mL indicated a high performance compared to other techniques. This method could be developed as a reproducible challenge test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study evaluated the health status of rainbow trout (30.24±5.34 g) acclimated to high-saline water (28‰). Among adaptation procedures, gradually-acclimated (for 48 h) fish showed best performance, which were then introduced to the offshore cage-farm for further monitoring of fish health in marine environment over a long-term period of 100 days, until harvest weight of 319.9±48.51 g. Fish health and welfare was evaluated by means of biochemical parameters (viscerasomatic index, hepatosomatic index, mesenteric fat index, and spleen somatic index), hematological parameters (serum glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, globulin), and immune parameters (lysozyme, myeloperoxidase, respiratory burst and potential killing values). Gradual acclimation to high-saline water did not show any adverse effects on health parameters. No significant differences were found in biometric measures (P>0.05). However, a time-dependent increase was recorded in hematology markers (P<0.05) after seawater transfer, and the health status improved over long term from March 7 to June 14, 2018. All serum biochemical markers, except the total protein showed significant alterations (P<0.05) in long term but without detrimental influence by day 100. Therefore, it seems possible to expand trout farms from brackish water sites to higher saline environments up to 28‰ salinity, with no detrimental impacts on fish health, that in turn may significantly contribute to the extension of potential aquaculture sites to wider areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation with bee pollen (BP) and propolis (PRO) on productive performance, Eimeria oocyst counts in feces, blood metabolites, and the meat quality of growing rabbits. A total of 160 hybrid rabbits (California × New Zealand) of 30 days of age and 643 ± 8.0 g body weight (BW) were assigned to four treatments with 10 replicates each (four rabbits/replicate). The treatments were as follows: (1) CON: rabbits fed basal diet and not supplemented with BP or PRO; (2) BP500: CON + BP (500 mg/kg BW); (3) PRO50: CON + PRO (50 µL/kg BW); and (4) BP + PRO: CON + BP (500 mg/kg BW) + PRO (50 µL/kg BW). Higher daily weight gain (p = 0.04) and lower feed conversion rate (p = 0.03) were observed in rabbits supplemented with PRO50. In addition, supplementation with PRO50 and BP + PRO reduced the amount of Eimeria oocysts per gram of feces (p < 0.05). Most hematological and serum biochemical parameters were similar in rabbits of all treatments. Protein content, collagen, and meat color were similar between treatments. In conclusion, propolis supplementation (50 µL/kg BW) can prevent coccidiosis and act as a natural growth promoter in rabbits without affecting animal health and meat quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blood samples were collected from 25 primiparous Holstein cows divided in three groups (precalving, fresh cows and cows in early to mid lactation). The samples were analyzed for hematological parameters including red cell count (RBC), white cell count (WBC), hemoglobin concentration (HGC), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrations MCHC. The results revealed that the values of RBC, HGC and HCT decreased after parturition and them increased again in early to mid lactation. The slight changes in concentrations of HGB, RBC counts, decreased HCT, MCV and MCH sugest iron deficiency. The high WBC count in early to mid lactation of primiparous cows may be related to chronic infections.

Background: Being a systemic infection, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects hematologic system, along with cardiovascular, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, and neurological systems, resulting in altered hematological parameters. These altered hematological findings are thought to have a role in early risk stratification and prognostication of COVID-19 patients. However, the data on hematological abnormalities associated with the disease among Eastern Indian COVID-19 patients, particularly the Bengalis, are limited. Aim: The aim is to study the association, if any, between various hematological parameters and disease severity of COVID-19. Materials and Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study involving 145 laboratory-confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Based on the disease severity, the patients were divided into three groups: mild, moderate, and severe. Various hematological parameters were analyzed. Results: Of the 145 patients, 82.8%, 9.6%, and 7.5% of the cases were in the mild, moderate, and severe groups, respectively. The mean age was 48 years. The result of our study showed that the age of the patients is directly proportional to the severity of the illness. About 62.1% of the patients were male, whereas the rest (37.9%) were female. Our study showed an independent association of Covid severity with male gender. Although mean total leukocyte count (TLC), absolute count of neutrophil, lymphocyte, eosinophil, neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR), neutrophil–monocyte ratio (NMR), lymphocyte–monocyte ratio, platelet–lymphocyte ratio, and systemic inflammatory index among mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19 cases were statistically significant (P < 0.05), basophil, monocyte, and platelet count were statistically insignificant among the three groups. Nearly all of the hematological parameters could be used as potential diagnostic biomarkers for subsequent analysis because their area under the curve was higher than 0.50. Conclusion: Severity of COVID-19 is associated with older age, male sex, higher TLC, neutrophilia, lymphopenia, eosinopenia, high NLR, and high NMR. As complete blood count is an inexpensive routine blood investigation, it can be very useful in a resource-poor healthcare facility, which is unable to provide high-end investigations.

Thiamethoxam (TMX) exerts pronounced insecticidal effects against a wide variety of economically imperative pests. However, the administration of TMX in experimental animals induced notable adverse effects on the function of various organs. The purpose of this study was to assess TMX induced hematological, biochemical, and genetic alterations and the potential ameliorative effects on them of Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MLE) in male mice Animals were orally administered TMX (≈1/10 LD50) daily either alone or with MLE (200 mg/kg b.w.) for 28 successive days. Blood was collected to evaluate the hematological profile and serum levels of Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin, creatinine, uric acid, and urea. Liver and kidney cells were used to assess the Malondialdehyde (MDA) content and antioxidant enzymes. DNA integrity was estimated also in the liver and kidney using comet and colorimetric diphenylamine assays. Results revealed that TMX exhibited significant changes in the hematological profile and liver and kidney functions. Besides, TMX significantly raised the MDA content and DNA damage in both two of these organs. In contrast, TMX reduced the antioxidant activities in the cells of both liver and kidney. Meanwhile, Moringa extract combined with TMX significantly attenuated the deleterious findings of TMX. Specifically, it improved the TMX-induced hematological changes, liver and kidney function alterations, oxidative stress, and DNA damage rate. It can be concluded that TMX had adverse effects on different cells of male mice, but MLE successfully ameliorated TMX’s hematological and hepatorenal toxicity.

Host condition is key in understanding disease dynamics. In an urban population of Rattus norvegicus, we aimed to assess whether infection of Leptospira interrogans and helminths was associated with patterns of host hematological and hormone-biochemical stress-related conditions. Rat kidney imprints and urine were used to identify and quantify L. interrogans, and feces samples for helminth eggs and corticosterone metabolites. Blood samples were taken for complete blood counts and specific biochemicals in rats' sera. Principal Component Analyses were performed to check whether rats would be grouped according to health profiles. We obtained hematological and hormone-biochemical data from 95 and 61 rats, respectively. Hematological PCA revealed distinct rat groups: typical (T), eosinophil deficient (Eos-D), eosinophil- and monocyte- deficient (EM-D) and monocyte deficient with high immature neutrophils (Mon-D). No association between L. interrogans or helminths and rat health profiles was observed, except with Trichiuridae, which mean intensity was significantly higher when all deficient groups were pooled together compared to the T-group. The poorest condition group was found in areas with fewer rat burrows than the T-group, indicating EM-D had a reduced ability to occupy "good" quality habitats. In natural populations, hematological profiles may reflect host's overall condition, instead of responses to specific infections., Competing Interests: Author Disclosure Statement No competing financial interests exist.

Abstract Background Blastocystis spp. are considered pathogenic or commensal organisms, although the majority of researchers suggest that these are neglected pathogens. The main aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and subtype distribution of Blastocystis spp. in pre- and perimenopausal women, with respect to socio-demographic (age and place of residence), and epidemiological factors, as well as drinking tap water, contact with domestic animals, traveling abroad, health status, and presence of gastrointestinal symptoms. Additionally, the objective was to compare hematological and biochemical parameters of Blastocystis spp. infected and uninfected women. Methods The study included 425 women aged 45–60. Their stool samples were examined microscopically and analyzed by a conventional polymerase chain reaction (cPCR). Results Blastocystis spp. were detected in 6.1% of pre- and perimenopausal women. Molecular analysis of the stool samples identified seven Blastocystis subtypes (ST1–ST4, ST6, ST7, and ST9). Blastocystis subtypes 2 and 3 were the most prevalent. The presence of Blastocystis spp. was not significantly related to socio-demographic and epidemiological factors. There were also no significant associations between Blastocystis spp. and blood parameters, or gastrointestinal symptoms. Conclusion This study complements the limited available data on the prevalence of Blastocystis spp. in pre- and perimenopausal women. It is also the first report showing the presence of Blastocystis subtype 9 in Poland.

Lead induced oxidative stress contributes to increase the productivity of reactiveoxygen species (ROS) and to disrupt the antioxidant balance. Gynura procumbens adventitious root (GPAR) methanol extract contains abundant phenolic and flavonoids compounds as antioxidants and can be used as traditional medicinal plants. The objective of this study is to evaluate the protective effect of GPAR against lead acetate toxicity in mice to haematological parameter, histological of hepatic cells, and activities of antioxidant enzymes. The data obtained from five groups of treatment: P1 (control), P2 (Pb acetate-100 mg/L), P3 (GPAR-100 mg/L + Pb acetate-100 mg/L), P4 (GPAR-200 mg/L + Pb acetate-100 mg/L), P5 (GPAR-300 mg/L + Pb acetate-100 mg/L). The results indicated that administration of methanol extract of GPAR can prevent the decreasing of haematological parameter, maintain the percentage of normal hepatic cells, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) due to lead acetate treatment. The effective dose of GPAR extract was 300 mg/L. This study provides that methanol extract of G. procumbens adventitious root exerts protective effects against lead acetate toxicity in mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]