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Международный научно-исследовательский журнал, Выпуск 9 (123) 2022

Цель работы: изучить паразитарную заболеваемость детей младенческого возраста Астраханской области за 2017 – 2021 гг.Материалы и методы. Исследовательская работа проводилась на основании данных эпидемиологических карт и карт амбулаторного приема детей младенческого возраста (от 2 до 12 месяцев), проживавших на территории Астраханской области в 2017 – 2021 гг.Результаты исследования. Всего за период 2017 – 2021 гг. на территории Астраханской области было зарегистрировано 12627 случаев заражения человека гельминтозами и проотозоозами, из которых 94,9% (11982 случая) составили дети в возрасте до 17 лет. Доля детей в возрасте до 1 года составила 0,99% (119 человек), в том числе 80,7% (98 человек) оказались инвазированы гельминтозами, а 19,3% (23 человека) – протозоозами.Нозологическая форма гельминтозов была представлена двумя видами нематод: аскаридами и острицами. А нозоформа протоззозов была представлена лямблиями и дизентерийной амебой.Случаи заражения детей данной возрастной группы регистрировались как в городской, так и сельской местностях.Кроме гельминтозов, у детей были зарегистрированы 19,3% (23 человека) заболевания, вызванные паразитированием у них патогенных кишечных простейших (лямблии и амебы).Так, в структуре зараженности детей протозоозами, превалировали лямблии – 91,3% (21 человек). Кроме лямблиоза у детей регистрировались случаи амебиаза – 8,7% (2 случая) – дети проживали непосредственно в городской черте и случаи были выявлены в 2019 г. В сельских районах Астраханской области случаи амебиаза у детей данной возрастной группы не выявлялись.Основными жалобами детей были отсутствие аппетита (лямблиоз, аскаридоз и энтеробиоз), беспокойный сон (у всех наблюдаемых детей), зуд в перианальной области (энтеробиоз), жидкий стул (лямблиоз и амебиаз). Дерматит в области бедер наблюдался у девочки (10 месяцев).Выводы: Наиболее частыми паразитарными инвазиями детей в возрасте до 1 года являлись лямблиоз и энтеробиоз. Вероятной причиной заражения послужил санитарно-гигиенический дефект ухода за детьми, а также вероятный контакт со взрослыми по энтеробиозу., Aim of the work: to study the parasitic morbidity of infants in the Astrakhan region for 2017 - 2021.Materials and methods. The study was based on data from epidemiological charts and outpatient records of infants (2 to 12 months) living in Astrakhan Oblast from 2017 to 2021.Results of the study. A total of 12627 cases of human infestation with helminthoses and protozoasis were registered in the territory of Astrakhan Oblast for the period 2017 - 2021, of which 94.9% (11982 cases) were children under the age of 17. The share of children under one year of age was 0.99% (119 people), of whom 80.7% (98 people) were infected with helminthiasis and 19.3% (23 people) with protozoasis.The nosological form of helminth infections was present in two species of nematodes: ascarias and pinworms. And the nosological form of protozoiasis was represented by giardia and dysentery ameba.Cases of infection in children of this age group were registered in both urban and rural areas.Besides helminthiasis, 19.3% (23 people) of children had diseases caused by parasitization of pathogenic intestinal protozoa (giardia and amebae).Thus, giardiasis prevailed in the structure of children's infection with protozoosis - 91.3% (21 people). In addition to giardiasis, there were registered cases of amebiasis in children - 8.7% (2 cases) - children lived directly in the urban area and the cases were detected in 2019. In rural areas of Astrakhan Oblast, no cases of amebiasis were registered in children of this age group.The main complaints of the children were lack of appetite (giardiasis, ascariasis and enterobiasis), restless sleep (in all the children observed), itching in the perianal area (enterobiasis), liquid stools (giardiasis and amebiasis). Dermatitis in the thighs was observed in the case of a girl (10 months old).Conclusions: Giardiasis and enterobiasis were the most frequent parasitic infestations in children under 1 year of age. Sanitary and hygienic defects in child care, as well as probable contact with adults for enterobiasis were the probable causes of infection., Международный научно-исследовательский журнал, Выпуск 9 (123) 2022

Purpose: Data on gastrointestinal infections in horses in Southeastern Europe are limited; thus, this study aimed to add to the existing knowledge on this topic by reporting on the prevalence of intestinal parasites of horses in the territory of the Republic of Serbia. Methods: In the period from April 2017 to December 2018, parasitological examination of 548 samples from horses of different breed, age and sex from four regions and 18 districts of the country was performed. Coprological diagnostic was done by using qualitative methods without concentration and qualitative methods with concentration of parasitic elements. Quantification of the obtained results was performed using semi-qualitative faecal egg count. Results: Four helminthoses were detected in the examined samples: P. equorum (8.57%), O. equi (3.65%), strongylid eggs (71.17%) and Anoplocephala spp. (0.91%). The total prevalence of helminthoses was 77.19%. Monoinfections were significantly more present 70.07% compared to coinfections (7.12%). The highest prevalence of helminthoses was detected in free-ranging horses (93.10%—27/29), in autumn 86.67% (117/135) and winter 79.71% (165/207), in Šumadija and West Serbia region (100%), and in the youngest category (100%). Significant difference (p < 0.001) was detected in the prevalence of monoinfections by strongylids and O. equi and also coinfections by strongylid/P. equorum between horses of different age categories. Conclusion: Obtained results are of great contribution to clinical parasitology and pathology, especially from the aspect of animal health, welfare and preservation of horse population.

The purpose of the research is studying the spread of endoparasites of sheep and goats in conditions of private farms. Materials and methods. The studies were carried out in December 2019 in the conditions of private farms in the Kaluga and Tver Regions. The study subjects were sheep and goats of various sex and age groups (adult females and males aged 2–3 years and young animals aged up to 6 months). The material was feces taken from the animals’ rectum. Total 45 samples of feces from sheep and goats from a private farm in the Kaluga Region and 30 samples from sheep from a farm in the Tver Region were collected and studied. Studies for helminth eggs in feces were carried out using the flotation nethod according to the Kotelnikov-Khrenov and the Shcherbovich-Shilnikov method to detect larvae at pulmonary nematodosis. Results and discussion. As a result of coproovoscopic research methods, we found that intestinal parasites in farm in the Kaluga Region were represented by three genera of nematodes - Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus and Capillaria, as well as Protozoa of the genus Eimeria. Eggs of nematodes from the genus Trichostrongylus and Protozoa from the genus Eimeria were found in feces of sheep from the farm in the Tver Region. The infection rate with intestinal parasites in sheep and goats from two farms were similar. Pathogens from the genus Trichostrongylus prevailed, which was obviously associated with similar conditions for keeping and feeding small cattle on both farms. According to the results of fecal studies, the dominant parasitosis in animals from both farms were gastrointestinal strongylatosis.

According to parasitological monitoring, almost everyone suffers from the parasiticdiseases during the lifetime, and children are the most often suffering.The aim of our study was to estimate the prevalence of ascariasis and enterobiosisamong children of the Chernivtsi region.Material and methods. The statistical laboratory data of the Regional Children's ClinicalHospital in Chernivtsi for the period 2010-2019 were analyzed. A group of children from0 to 18 years old who requested the laboratory to detect helminthoses was identified andstudied.Results. Over a ten-year period of study, among children aged 0-18 years, helminthosesoccurred in 9.38% of people, and in children aged 0-2 years - in 6.71%.In 2015-2019 of all the children, helminthoses were detected 2.6 times more than in 2010-2014, which was due to the greater number of children who sought medical advice in the clinic.Conclusion. Ascariasis was the most common helminthosis in children of Chernivtsiregion. In people aged 0-18 years, ascariasis was detected in 95.74%, and enterobiosis- in 4.26%. In the age group 0-2 years, ascariasis was diagnosed in 92.07% of children,and enterobiosis in 7.93%., По данным паразитологического мониторинга, в течение жизни практическикаждый человек болеет паразитарным заболеванием, причем чаще всего страдаютдети.Цель исследования – изучение распространенности аскаридоза и энтеробиозасреди детей Черновицкой области.Материал и методы. Проанализированы статистические данные лабораторииобластной детской клинической больницы г. Черновцы за период 2010-2019 гг.Выделена и изучена группа детей от 0 до 18 лет, обратившихся в лабораторию сцелью выявления гельминтоза.Результаты. Среди детей 0-18 лет за десятилетний период наблюдениягельминтозы выявлены у 9,38% пациентов, а у детей 0-2 лет – у 6,71%.Из всех детей в 2015-2019 гг. выявлено гельминтозов в 2,6 раза больше, чем в 2010-2014 гг., что связано с большим количеством обращений детей в поликлинику.Вывод. У детей Черновицкой области среди гельминтозов самымраспространенным является аскаридоз. У лиц 0-18 лет аскаридоз обнаружен у95,74%, а энтеробиоз – у 4,26% случаев. В возрастной группе 0-2 года аскаридоздиагностирован у 92,07% детей, энтеробиоз у 7,93%., За даними паразитологічного моніторингу, упродовж життя практично кожналюдина хворіє на паразитарне захворювання, причому найчастіше страждаютьдіти.Мета дослідження – вивчити поширеність аскаридозу та ентеробіозу середдітей Чернівецької області.Матеріал і методи. Проаналізовано статистичні дані лабораторії Обласноїдитячої клінічної лікарні м. Чернівці за період 2010-2019 рр. Виділено та вивченогрупу дітей від 0 до 18 років, які звернулися до лабораторії з метою виявленнягельмінтозу.Результати. Серед дітей 0-18 років за десятирічний період спостереженнягельмінтози траплялися у 9,38% осіб, а в дітей 0-2 років – у 6,71%.Із усіх дітей за 2015-2019 рр. виявлено гельмінтозів у 2,6 раза більше, ніж у 2010-2014 рр., що пов’язано з більшою кількістю звертань дітей до поліклініки.Висновок. У дітей Чернівецької області серед гельмінтозів найпоширенішим єаскаридоз. В осіб 0-18 років аскаридоз виявлено у 95,74%, а ентеробіоз – у 4,26%.У віковій групі 0-2 роки діагностовано аскаридоз у 92,07% дітей та ентеробіоз у7,93%.

Resumo: Os objetivos do trabalho foram avaliar o efeito do grau de resistência à verminose e da suplementação proteica nos índices reprodutivos e no parasitismo em ovelhas do grupamento racial Pantaneiro. As ovelhas foram classificadas pelo número de ovos de nematodas por grama de fezes (OPG) como resistentes (RR), sensíveis (SS) e intermediárias (RS), e submetidas (SUPL) ou não (NSUPL) à suplementação durante o terço final da gestação e na lactação. Em dois ciclos reprodutivos, a cada 28 dias, as ovelhas foram pesadas e tratadas com anti-helmínticos quando o OPG apresentava-se ≥ 4000. O peso das ovelhas não foi influenciado pelo grau de resistência aos nematódeos e a suplementação teve efeito no peso somente no período em que foi ofertada. As taxas de natalidade e de desmame não foram influenciadas pelo grau de resistência e pela suplementação. A taxa de mortalidade de crias foi menor no grupo SUPL. A taxa de mortalidade de ovelhas foi três vezes mais elevada no grupo SS em relação ao grupo RR e o peso das crias foi menor no grupo SS em relação aos grupos RR e RS. Os três grupos mostraram picos no OPG durante o terço final da gestação, mas as médias foram sempre menores no grupo RR que, no geral, necessitaram 2,5 vezes menos tratamentos anti-helmínticos que as SS. A suplementação não apresentou correlação com o OPG e com o número de tratamentos anti-helmínticos. A classificação de ovelhas pelo OPG em resistentes aos nematodas proporcionou menor número de tratamentos anti-helmínticos, menor taxa de mortalidade de ovelhas e peso maior das crias ao nascimento. [Worm resistance and protein supplementation in peripartum: effect on parasitism and reproductive performance of sheep from pantaneiro breed group]. Abstract: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of the level of worm resistance and protein supplementation on reproductive performance and parasitism in Pantaneiro sheep. Sheep were classified by the number of nematode eggs per gram of feces (EPG) as resistant (RR), sensitive (SS), and intermediate (RS), as well as submitted (SUPL) or not (NSUPL) to supplementation during the final third of pregnancy and lactation. In both reproductive cycles, sheep were weighed every 28 days and treated with anthelmintic when EPG was ≥ 4000. The weight of the sheep was not affected by the degree of resistance to nematodes and supplementation only affected weight in the period in which it was offered. Birth and weaning rates were not affected by the degree of resistance and supplementation. Offspring mortality rate was lower in the SUPL group. Sheep mortality rate was three times higher in the SS group than in the RR group and offspring weight was lower in the SS group than in RR and RS groups. The three groups showed peaks in EPG during the final third of pregnancy; however, the averages were always lower in the RR group, which, in general, required 2.5 times less anthelmintic treatments than SS group. Supplementation had no effect on EPG and on the number of anthelmintic treatments. The classification of sheep as resistant to nematodes by EPG led to fewer anthelmintic treatments, lower sheep mortality rate and higher birth weight of offspring. Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-08T09:34:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cnpc2017Resitencia.pdf: 368374 bytes, checksum: 0f1f742b86b330f2161f5f94562bd9f6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-07

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance, ingestive behavior and gastrointestinal helminths control of suckling lambs raised on pastures of Brachiaria ssp. supplemented in creep-fed and not supplemented. Thirty-one lambs being 15 lambs in the control treatment (without supplementation) and 16 lambs in the creep feeding treatment (with protein-energetic supplementation) were evaluated. Performance of lambs supplemented was superior to lambs no-supplemented. Lambs without supplemented had weaning age of 81 days and an average gain of 194 grams. Lambs supplemented showed weaning age of 58 days and average daily gain of 268 grams. eggs per gram of stool (EPG) count in the control treatment was 4553, while in the creep feeding treatment the mean was 763. The morbidity rate caused by gastrointestinal helminths in the control treatment was 6.6% and there was no morbidity due to helminths in the treatment creep feeding. The morbidity rate due to hepatogenic intoxication was 46.6% in control and 12.5% in the lambs supplemented. The ingestion of protein-energy supplementation in creep feeding promoted an increase in productive performance of lambs, as well as increased resistance and tolerance to gastrointestinal infections and decreased cases of hepatogenic intoxication by ingestion of Brachiaria spp. Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-08T00:34:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CNPC2019PerformanceIngestive.pdf: 400693 bytes, checksum: 9596755a4344b7b51fada54538a12cf4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

Infections with parasitic helminths (nematodes and trematodes) represent a significant economic and welfare burden to the global ruminant livestock industry. The increasing prevalence of anthelmintic resistance means that current control programmes are costly and unsustainable in the long term. Recent changes in the epidemiology, seasonality and geographic distribution of helminth infections have been attributed to climate change. However, other changes in environment (e.g., land use) and in livestock farming, such as intensification and altered management practices, will also have an impact on helminth infections. Sustainable control of helminth infections in a changing world requires detailed knowledge of these interactions. In particular, there is a need to devise new, sustainable strategies for the effective control of ruminant helminthoses in the face of global change. In this paper, we consider the impact of helminth infections in grazing ruminants, taking a European perspective, and identify scientific and applied priorities to mitigate these impacts. These include the development and deployment of efficient, high- throughput diagnostic tests to support targeted intervention, modelling of geographic and seasonal trends in infection, more thorough economic data and analysis of the impact of helminth infections and greater translation and involvement of end-users in devising and disseminating best practices. Complex changes in helminth epidemiology will require innovative solutions. By developing and using new technologies and models, the use of anthelmintics can be optimised to limit the development and spread of drug resistance and to reduce the overall economic impact of helminth infections. This will be essential to the continued productivity and profitability of livestock farming in Europe and its contribution to regional and global food security. View Full-Text

Resumo: Entre as possíveis alternativas de controle do nematoide Haemonchus contortus está o uso de vacinas. Estudos preliminares demonstraram que proteínas integrais do trato digestivo desse nematoide possuem propriedades imunogênicas podendo ser utilizadas para imunizar animais, levando ao desenvolvimento de uma vacina comercial denominada Barbervax® . Neste trabalho, avaliamos a eficácia desta vacina no controle de de H. contortus em caprinos leiteiros. Para tanto, foram utilizados caprinos das raças Saneen (n=20) e Anglo Nubiano (n=20) em sistema de produção semi-intensivo. Os animais foram divididos em quatro grupos experimentais (n=10) vacinados ou não para cada raça, utilizando o seguinte protocolo: três doses de pré-imunização com intervalos de 21 dias antes do desafio e doses de reforço a cada seis semanas por um período de oito meses. Amostras de fezes e sangue foram coletadas semanalmente para a contagem de ovos por grama de fezes em câmara MacMaster e coprocultura para identificação de larvas, além de avaliação do volume globular e proteínas plasmáticas totais. Ainda, foi realizada a titulação de anticorpos pelo método ELISA do período de pré-imunização e entre o intervalo dos reforços. Mensalmente a coloração da conjuntiva ocular foi avaliada pelo método Famacha© . Os dados parasitológicos e hematológicos foram submetidos à análise de variância e as medias dos grupos comparadas pelo teste de Tukey com nível de significância de 5%. Os resultados foram expressos como médias aritméticas e erro padrão. Observou-se que a vacinação reduziu a produção de ovos em 69,8 e 57,4 % em média nas cabras Anglo e Saanen, respectivamente. Porém, apenas os animais vacinados da raça Anglo Nubiana obtiveram resultados superiores de volume globular, proteínas plasmáticas totais e grau Famacha bem como apresentou maior titulação de anticorpos. Os resultados demostraram que a imunização de caprinos com Barbervax® é uma alternativa promissora para a caprinocultura. Abstract: Among alternatives in the control of the nematode Haemonchus contortus the use of vaccines has been evaluated. Previous studies shown that integral gut proteins from the nematode have immunogenic properties leading to a commercial vaccine Barbervax® . In this study we purpose to evaluate the efficacy of this vaccine in the control of H. contortus in dairy goats. Goats Saneen (n = 20) and Anglo Nubian (n = 20) breeds in a semi-intensive production system were used for this trial, separated in in four experimental groups (n = 10) vaccinated or not vaccinated for each breed using the following protocol: three priming doses 21 days apart before the challenge and boosts doses every six weeks during eight months. Feces and blood samples were collected weekly for egg counts, coproculture and hematological evaluation . An ELISA indirect assay was used to measure antibodies against the specific glyprotein antigen during the experiment. The anaemia score was monitored according FAMACHA method. Parasitological and hematological data were submitted to ANOVA and means compared by Tukey test with significance level of 5%). The results were expressed as arithmetic means and standard error. It was observed that vaccination reduced egg production by 69.8 and 57.4% on average in Anglo and Saanen goats, respectively. However, only immunized Anglo Nubian goats presented better hematological, Famacha scoring and significant higher antibodies compared to their controles. It was concluded that vaccination was effective in the control of H. contortus that can be considered a promising alternative for goat breeding Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências Veterinárias) - Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Faculdade de Veterinária, Fortaleza. Orientação: Claudia Maria Leal Bevilaqua; Coorientação: Marcel Teixeira.

Resumo: O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a ocorrência dos principais parasitos gastrintestinais, além de quantificar e identificar as espécies de Eimeria presentes em caprinos jovens e adultos do município de Quixadá-Ceará, durante a época seca e chuvosa. Foram utilizados 654 animais, sendo 334 animais no período seco, dos quais eram 149 matrizes e 185 crias e 320 animais no período chuvoso, sendo 106 matrizes e 214 crias, independente de padrão racial e sistema de criação. As coletas foram realizadas nos meses de Novembro e Dezembro de 2012 e Maio de 2013 no município de Quixadá-Ceará e encaminhadas ao Laboratório de Parasitologia da Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos na cidade de Sobral-Ceará. Foram coletadas fezes para contagem do número de ovos por gramas de fezes (OPG), contagem de Oocistos por gramas de fezes (OOPG), coprocultura e identificação das espécies de Eimeria com base na morfometria. As matrizes apresentaram maiores médias de ovos do tipo Strongyloidea (372,03) e Strongyloides (8,45) no período seco e no período chuvoso apresentaram maiores médias apenas para Strongyloidea (502,85). O inverso aconteceu com o OOPG, onde as crias apresentaram maiores médias no período seco (9387,41) e no chuvoso (9630,37). O gênero de nematódeo mais frequente na coprocultura foi o Trichostrongylus sp. (63,67%) no período seco e o Haemonchus sp. no chuvoso (66,67%). Em 100% dos rebanhos, foram encontrados oocistos de Eimeria, com 81% dos animais infectados. A ocorrência da eimeriose nas categorias jovens e adultas foi de 64,3% e 83,2% no período seco e de 87,4% e 92,4% no período chuvoso. As espécies identificadas foram: Eimeria alijevi, E. apsheronica, E. arloingi, E. caprina, E. caprovina, E. christenseni, E. hirci, E. jolchijevi e E. ninakohlyakimovae. Nas crias a E. alijevi foi a mais freqüente no período seco e a E. ninakohlyakimovae no chuvoso. Já nas matrizes a espécie E. alijevi apresentou a maior frequência em ambos os períodos. Nos rebanhos estudados foi evidenciado a presença de ovos de nematódeos gastrointestinais e oocistos de Eimeria spp. independente da categoria animal. [Gastrointestinal parasites in goats from Quixadá-Ceará]. Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of main gastrointestinal parasites and to quantify and identify the species of Eimeria present in young goats and adults in the city of Quixadá, Ceará, during the dry and rainy season. Six hundred fifty-four animals were used, with 334 animals during the dry season, which were 149 mothers and 185 offspring and 320 animals during the rainy season, with 106 mothers and 214 offspring, independent of breed standard and creation system. Samples were collected in the months of November and December 2012 and May 2013 in the city of Quixadá, Ceará and sent to the Parasitology Laboratory of Embrapa Goats and Sheep at Sobral, Ceará, feces were collected for counting the number of eggs per gram of feces (EPG), counting oocysts per gram of feces (OOPG), coproculture and identification of Eimeria species based on the morphometry. Matrices showed higher means egg type Strongyloidea (372.03) and Strongyloides (8.45) in the dry season and the rainy season had higher mean only to Strongyloidea (502.85). The inverse happened to OOPG, where the offspring showed higher means in the dry season (9387.41) and rainy (9630.37). The genus most frequent of nematode in coprocultures was Trichostrongylus. (63.67%) in the dry season and Haemonchus sp. the rainy (66.67%). One hundred percent of the herds, oocysts of Eimeria were found, with 81% of infected animals. The occurrence of eimeriosis in young and adult categories was 64.3% and 83.2% in the dry season and 87.4% and 92.4% during the rainy season. The species identified were: Eimeria alijevi, E. apsheronica, E. arloingi, E. caprina, E. caprovina, E. christenseni, E. hirci, E. and E. jolchijevi ninakohlyakimovae. In the offspring E. alijevi was the most frequent in the dry season and the rainy E. ninakohlyakimovae. Already in matrices the species E. Alijevi showed the highest frequency in both periods. In herds studied it evidenced the presence of gastrointestinal nematodes eggs and oocysts of Eimeria spp. independent of animal category. Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-22T00:44:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CNPC2016UPA8.pdf: 1123219 bytes, checksum: bf43d4779c98dd15900e942256bb5a8c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-08 Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia) - Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú, Sobral. Orientação: Luiz da Silva Vieira (CNPC); Coorientação: Roberta Lomonte Lemos de Brito.

En: Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. ISSN 0074-0276. vol. 100, n. 3, 2005, págs 293-301. An evaluation of the sensitivity and the specificity of the Anisakis simplex antigens purified by affinity chromatography was performed using sera from patients diagnosed with Anisakis sensitisation and sera from patients previously diagnosed with different helminthic infections. Only the sera of the patients diagnosed with Schistosoma mansoni or Onchocerca volvulus parasitic infections were negative against the A. simplex antigen and its purified fractions (PAK antigen: A. simplex antigen purified using columns prepared with anti-A. simplex rabbit IgG and PAS antigen: PAK antigen purified using columns prepared with anti-Ascaris suum rabbit IgG). However all the sera were positive against the A. suum antigen. In all the sera from the patients diagnosed with Anisakis sensitisation, the antibody levels detected using the purified antigens (PAK and PAS antigens) were lower than the observed using the A. simplex crude extract with the highest diminution in the case of the IgG. When these same sera were tested against the A. simplex crude extract by Western blot, several bands of high molecular masses were observed as well as, intense bands at 60 and/or 40 kDa. A concentration of these last proteins was observed in the PAK and the PAS antigens. When the sensitivity and the specificity determinations were performed, only seven of the 38 patients diagnosed of Anisakis sensitisation were positive, as well as, the sera from the patients diagnosed with parasitisms by Echinococcus granulosus or Fasciola hepatica.

To determine the prevalence of infections with helminths and protozoa in cats in animal shelters, faecal samples from 305 cats from 22 animal shelters in the Netherlands were examined, using a centrifugation-sedimentation-flotation-technique. The association between potential risk factors and the occurrence of an infection was also tested. Infections with helminths and/or protozoa were found in 160 samples (52.5%). Toxocara cati was found in 86 cats (28.2%), Cystoisospora felis in 59 cats (19.3%), Cystoisospora rivolta in 43 cats (14.1%), Capillaria spp. in 34 cats (11.2%), Ancylostoma tubaeforma in 9 cats (3.0%), Taenia taeniaeformis in 9 cats (3.0%), Aelurostrongylus abstrusus in 8 cats (2.6%), Giardia intestinalis in 3 cats (1.0%), Dipylidium caninum in 2 cats (0.7%) and Toxoplasma gondii in 1 cat (0.3%). The highest prevalence was seen in kittens and stray cats. The main preventive factor against infection was a short stay in a shelter.

Uitleg over de epidemiologie van maagdarmwormen bij schapen, en adviezen om de ontwikkeling van resistentie tegen wormmiddelen te voorkomen. De huidige praktijk van preventieve behandeling van ooien en lammeren werkt de ontwikkeling van resistentie juist in de hand. Om de selectiedruk voor resistentie bij de wormen te verlagen is het belangrijk om niet meer alle schapen tegelijk te behandelen en wormmiddelen uit de verschillende groepen (benzimidazolen; imidithiazoles; avermectines en milbemycines) af te wisselen. Ook een cocktail van middelen is effectief tegen resistentieontwikkeling

La maîtrise des parasitoses de pâturage chez les bovins repose essentiellement sur l’utilisation des anthelminthiques, mais l’émergence de nouvelle contraintes (apparition de populations de parasites résistants, délais d’attentes pour le lait, …) amène à de nécessaires changements dans les pratiques usuelles de traitements. La mise en œuvre de stratégies de contrôle rationalisant le recours aux anthelminthiques nécessite de bien connaître : - les objectifs du contrôle ; - les contraintes auxquelles il faut faire face et leurs conséquences pratiques ; - les moyens et les outils à notre disposition pour atteindre ces objectifs tout en optimisant l’usage des anthelminthiques. Au travers de ces trois points, cet article, centré sur les strongles gastro-intestinaux (SGI), mais développant également le traitement de la dictyocaulose et de la fasciolose, fait la synthèse de données récentes servant de base à l’élaboration de stratégies de traitement ciblé (quand traité ?) sélectif (qui traité ?) en troupeaux bovins laitiers. Plusieurs outils informatiques, modélisant le recyclage parasitaire en fonction des conditions météorologiques et de la conduite de pâturage, peuvent aider à mieux déterminer quand cibler les traitements chez les génisses en cours de saison de pâturage. Pour évaluer la nécessité du traitement à la rentrée en stabulation des génisses, le dosage de pepsinogène sérique reste l’examen de choix. Le traitement sélectif des génisses, sur des critères tels que le GMQ ou des marqueurs du parasitisme, devrait être possible. Mais les travaux de recherche doivent se poursuivre pour consolider et simplifier ces stratégies de traitement sélectif. Chez les vaches laitières, la synthèse de résultats récents indique que : - le traitement contre les SGI pour optimiser la production doit plutôt être ciblé à la rentrée en stabulation ; - les vaches à traiter sélectivement à l’automne seraient plutôt les jeunes vaches, en début de lactation, et dans les troupeaux où le niveau d’anticorps Ostertagia dans le lait de tank est élevé à la rentrée en stabulation et où le TCE est faible (TCE = Temps de Contact Effectif des génisses avec les larves infestantes de SGI avant le premier vêlage, indicateur reflétant le développement de l’immunité dont l’installation dépend largement de la durée d’exposition aux parasites). Ces résultats doivent être validés et mis à l’épreuve du terrain mais semblent très prometteurs.

Entre março de 1992 e janeiro de 1993 realizou-se este estudo com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito integrado da veda do pasto nativo com o controle estratégico de nematóides gastrintestinais no desempenho corporal de bezerros Nelore pós-desmame no Pantanal da Nhecolândia, MS, Brasil. Dois lotes de animais recém-desmamados aos nove meses foram colocados em invernadas contíguas de pastagens nativas com as mesmas características fisionômicas, que foram vedadas por três meses e meio; a invernada do lote controle foi previamente pastejada por vacas com bezerro ao pé para contaminação. O lote tratado permaneceu com níveis muito baixos de ovos por grama de fezes durante todo o período experimental, e no lote controle foram diminuindo no decorrer do ensaio, terminando semelhantes. No desenvolvimento corporal, observou-se menor perda de peso do lote tratado durante a estação seca e ganho de peso compensatório do lote controle na estação chuvosa subseqüente. Os pesos médios dos dois lotes no final do experimento foram semelhantes. The aim of this study was to investigate the integrated effects of native pastures sealing with strategic control of gastrointestinal nematodes on body development of weaned Nellore calves, studied between March 1992 and January 1993 in the Pantanal region, Brazil. Two homogeneous groups of weanling calves were put on contiguous paddocks of native pastures with the same physiognomic characteristics and sealed for three and a half months. The paddock where the non-treated group was put, was previously used by cows that were rearing a calf for contamination of the pasture. The treated group remained with low levels of eggs per gram of feces (EGF) during the whole experimental period. In the non-treated group, the EGF diminished during the assay, ending with similar levels of the treated group. On body development, it was observed a lower body weight loss of the treated group during the dry season and a compensatory weight gain of the nontreated group on the subsequent rainy season. The mean body weight of the two groups was similar at the end of the trial.

Entre março de 1992 e janeiro de 1993 realizou-se este estudo com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito integrado da veda do pasto nativo com o controle estratégico de nematóides gastrintestinais no desempenho corporal de bezerros Nelore pós-desmame no Pantanal da Nhecolândia, MS, Brasil. Dois lotes de animais recém-desmamados aos nove meses foram colocados em invernadas contíguas de pastagens nativas com as mesmas características fisionômicas, que foram vedadas por três meses e meio; a invernada do lote controle foi previamente pastejada por vacas com bezerro ao pé para contaminação. O lote tratado permaneceu com níveis muito baixos de ovos por grama de fezes durante todo o período experimental, e no lote controle foram diminuindo no decorrer do ensaio, terminando semelhantes. No desenvolvimento corporal, observou-se menor perda de peso do lote tratado durante a estação seca e ganho de peso compensatório do lote controle na estação chuvosa subseqüente. Os pesos médios dos dois lotes no final do experimento foram semelhantes.The aim of this study was to investigate the integrated effects of native pastures sealing with strategic control of gastrointestinal nematodes on body development of weaned Nellore calves, studied between March 1992 and January 1993 in the Pantanal region, Brazil. Two homogeneous groups of weanling calves were put on contiguous paddocks of native pastures with the same physiognomic characteristics and sealed for three and a half months. The paddock where the non-treated group was put, was previously used by cows that were rearing a calf for contamination of the pasture. The treated group remained with low levels of eggs per gram of feces (EGF) during the whole experimental period. In the non-treated group, the EGF diminished during the assay, ending with similar levels of the treated group. On body development, it was observed a lower body weight loss of the treated group during the dry season and a compensatory weight gain of the nontreated group on the subsequent rainy season. The mean body weight of the two groups was similar at the end of the trial.

Dem Einsatz von Anthelminthika wie den makrozyklischen Laktonen (MLs) kommt in der Tierhaltung eine bedeutende Rolle zu und ein Verlust ihrer Wirksamkeit kann neben den mit der Infektion verbundenen gesundheitlichen Beeinträchtigungen hohe wirtschaftliche Einbußen nach sich ziehen. Da mittelfristig nicht mit der Einführung neuer Antiparasitika zu rechnen ist, sollte auf den Erhalt der verfügbaren Anthelminthika ein besonderes Augenmerk gelegt werden. Die Voraussetzung hierfür ist die Kenntnis der zugrundeliegenden Resistenzmechanismen. Zu diesen ist im Fall der ML-Resistenz insbesondere die Aktivität der P-Glykoproteine (Pgps) zu zählen, die der Superfamilie der ATP-Binding-Cassette (ABC)-Transporter angehören. Die in die Membran integrierten Proteine dienen dem aktiven Transport von Molekülen und Veränderungen ihrer Struktur oder Anzahl können infolge der verminderten Verfügbarkeit am Wirkort die Effizienz eines Wirkstoffes beeinträchtigen. Bei dem zur Gruppe der MLs gehörenden Ivermectin (IVM) wurde die Eigenschaft als Pgp-Substrat bereits bei Säugerzellen nachgewiesen. IVM findet breite Anwendung bei der Behandlung parasitärer Infektionen, zu denen auch die Parascariose, eine Jungtiererkrankung der Equiden, gehört. Bei dem Erreger handelt es sich um einen Parasiten des Dünndarms, der hier zu Obstruktionen mit Todesfolge führen kann. Die Bekämpfung dieses weltweit z. T. mit hohen Prävalenzen anzutreffenden Parasiten wurde in den letzten Jahren zunehmend durch das Auftreten von Resistenzen gegenüber IVM erschwert. Die molekularen Hintergründe hierfür sind noch weitgehend ungeklärt und auch für die Diagnose resistenter Populationen sind keine Verfahren standardisiert. Aufgrund der Beobachtungen an anderen Nematoden hinsichtlich eines Zusammenhanges zwischen Pgps und der Resistenz gegenüber MLs wurden die vollständigen Sequenzen zweier putativer Pgps von P. equorum mit Hilfe degenerierter Primer und einer anschließenden RACE-PCR gewonnen. Phylogenetische Untersuchungen offenbarten diese als Orthologe von Caenorhabditis elegans Pgp-11 (PeqPgp-11) bzw. des nicht näher benannten Pgp CBG12969 von Caenorhabditis briggsae (PeqPgp-16). Die Aminosäuresequenzen beider Proteine weisen die Pgp-typischen Motive auf, die an der Substrat- und ATP-Bindung beteiligt sind. Der Vergleich einzelner Gewebe hinsichtlich ihrer Pgp-Expression mittels Real-time-RT-PCR ergab, dass die Peqpgp-11-Expression im Darm männlicher und weiblicher Individuen signifikant gegenüber den restlichen untersuchten Geweben erhöht war, wohingegen sich der Hautmuskelschlauch für Peqpgp-16 als das Gewebe der stärksten Expression erwies. Um mögliche Veränderungen, die mit der IVM- Resistenz bei P. equorum einhergehen, zu untersuchen, wurden außerdem die Pgp- Sequenzen mehrerer Populationen mit unterschiedlicher IVM-Suszeptibilität miteinander verglichen. Für PeqPgp-11 wurden im Rahmen einer SeqDoC-Analyse drei Einzelnukleotidpolymorphismen (SNPs) ermittelt (Asp931Asn, Cys951Ser, Tyr978His), die jeweils zu einer Aminosäuresubstitution führten und mit der IVM-Suszeptibilität der Populationen korrelierten. Die quantitative Untersuchung zur Expression beider Pgps bei Eiern ließ dagegen keinen Schluss auf einen Zusammenhang mit dem Resistenzstatus zu. Als weiteres Entwicklungsstadium wurden präadulte Würmer in die Untersuchungen miteinbezogen: Eine Gruppe von Würmern mit verminderter IVMSuszeptibilität zeigte eine signifikant höhere Expression von pgp-11 gegenüber einer zufällig gewählten Gruppe. Neben diesen deskriptiven Beobachtungen an P. equorum wurde außerdem die Beteiligung der Pgps am Entgiftungsprozess bei dem Modellorganismus C. elegans untersucht, erstens, um Aussagen über den gleichzeitigen Verlust der Funktionalität sämtlicher Pgps am lebenden Organismus treffen zu können und zweitens, um die Bedeutung einzelner Pgps für den IVMTransport vergleichend darstellen zu können. IVM führte in Gegenwart des Pgp-Hemmers Verapamil zu einer geringen aber signifikanten Abnahme des EC50-Wertes (~2,5fach) gegenüber dem Wildtypstamm Bristol N2, wie sich anhand von verminderten Entwicklungsraten zeigte. Der Funktionsverlust einzelner Pgps ging dagegen mit einer Reduktion des EC50-Wertes um den Faktor 1,5-4,3 einher. Neben Pgp-14 zeigte der Verlust der pgp-11-Aktivität die größten Auswirkungen auf die Entwicklung. Die im Laufe dieser Arbeit gewonnenen Erkenntnisse sprechen für die Beteiligung der Pgps an der Resistenz gegenüber IVM bei Nematoden. Dies wird sowohl anhand der Zunahme der Suszeptibilität nach dem Funktionsverlust einzelner bzw. aller Pgps bei C. elegans deutlich, als auch durch strukturelle und quantitative Veränderungen des Proteins in Abhängigkeit vom Resistenzstatus bei P. equorum. Eine besondere Rolle spielte in beiden Fällen pgp-11, dessen SNPs bei P. equorum vielversprechende Kandidaten für die Resistenzdiagnostik darstellen. Die Beurteilung ihrer Eignung erfordert die Untersuchung weiterer Spulwurmpopulationen mit bekanntem Resistenzstatus. Um diese zu erleichtern, wurde für zwei der drei SNPs bereits erfolgreich ein Pyrosequenzierungs-Assay etabliert. Des Weiteren besteht die Möglichkeit, die Bedeutung dieser SNPs durch die vergleichende heterologe Expression von Pgp-11 des suszeptiblen und des vermeintlich resistenten Genotyps in einem Modellorganismus zu ermitteln. Als solcher bietet sich aus vielerlei Hinsicht C. elegans an, u. a. auch, weil ein entsprechender pgp-11 Loss-of-function- Stamm, der die Durchführung eines Rescues erlaubt, hinsichtlich seiner IVM- Suszeptibilität schon näher charakterisiert wurde. Aus diesem Grund wurden bereits transgene Linien, die das PeqPgp-11 des vermeintlich resistenten Genotyps exprimieren, sowie eine Kontrolllinie erzeugt. Erste vergleichende Analysen zwischen diesen verschiedenen Linien führten zu vielversprechenden Ergebnissen., Anthelmintics such as the macrocyclic lactones (MLs) are of special importance for healthcare in animal husbandry. A loss of their efficacy might cause damages of health due to infections resulting in significant adverse economic effects. As the introduction of new antiparasitics cannot be expected in the medium-term, preservation of existing effective anthelmintics should be of special interest. This requires the knowledge of underlying resistance mechanisms in parasites. ML-resistance is supposed to be a result of the activity of Pgps which belong to the ATP-binding-cassette (ABC)-superfamily of transporters. Expressed in cell-membranes, Pgps mediate the ATP-dependent transport of molecules. Therefore, changes in morphology or expression might result in reduced availability of drugs at their target-site followed by a decreased drug efficacy. The ML ivermectin (IVM) is an excellent Pgp-substrate which was demonstrated in mammalian cells. It is widely used in treatment of parasitic infections as e. g. of Parascaris equorum, affecting predominantly young equines. Adult stages of P. equorum are found in the small intestine where obstruction may lead to rupture of the intestinal wall and death. Recently, the worldwide occurrence of this nematode with its sometimes high prevalence was accompanied by cases of IVMresistance. Unfortunately, the molecular background of this process remains largely unclear and appropriate techniques for detection of ML-resistance in P. equorum are not standardised yet. In this work, complete sequences of two putative P. equorum Pgps were generated using degenerated primers and a following RACE-PCR based on observations in other nematodes concerning the contribution of Pgps in ML- resistance. By phylogenetic analysis these were identified orthologs of Caenorhabditis elegans Pgp-11 (PeqPgp-11) and an unnamed Pgp of Caenorhabditis briggsae CBG12969 (PeqPgp-16). Amino acid sequences of both proteins contained Pgp-specific motifs which are known to be involved in drug- and ATP-binding. Comparison of pgp-expression between tissues was conducted by quantitative real-time PCR. Peqpgp-11 was found to be significantly higher expressed in the gut of both genders, in contrast to Peqpgp-16 which was predominantly expressed in the body wall. In order to detect changes associated with IVM- resistance in P. equorum, Pgp-sequences of populations with different ML- susceptibility were compared. SeqDoC-analysis revealed three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which correlated with decreased ML-susceptibility and caused a substitution of the corresponding amino acid (Asp931Asn, Cys951Ser, Tyr978His) in PeqPgp-11. No resistance associated differences in mRNA expression levels were detected between embryonated eggs of the same populations. Furthermore, pre-adult worms were included in investigations, where a group of worms with reduced IVM susceptibility showed statistically significant overexpression of Peqpgp-11 compared to a randomly selected group. Apart from these descriptive observations for P. equorum, the contribution of Pgps in detoxification was also investigated in the model nematode C. elegans, first, to analyse the consequences of general inhibition of Pgp-activity in a living organism and second, to assess the importance of single Pgps for the IVM-transport. In presence of the Pgp-inhibitor Verapamil, the EC50-value was decreased little but significantly by 2.5fold compared to the C. elegans wildtype Bristol N2 strain, which was found in terms of a reduced development rate of C. elegans. However, loss-of-function strains missing a single Pgp were hallmarked by decreased EC50-values between the 1.5- and 4.3fold. Apart from Pgp-14, loss of Pgp-11 activity showed the greatest impact on development. In summary, the results of the present work underline the hypothesis of a contribution of Pgps to IVM-resistance in nematodes. This becomes apparent in an increase of IVM-susceptibility in C. elegans strains either missing only a single Pgp or affected by the total loss of Pgpactivity, respectively, as well as in morphological and quantitative changes of the protein in dependence of the resistance level. In both cases, Pgp-11 was of particular importance, showing SNPs which are promising diagnostic candidates for detection of ML-resistance in P. equorum. To evaluate their suitability, further populations with known phenotypic resistance levels have to be investigated. This will be facilitated by the establishment of a pyrosequencing assay for two of the three SNPs. Furthermore, heterologous expression in a model organism of the susceptible and the presumably resistant genotype of Pgp-11 might enlighten their role. This might be conducted in C. elegans, since a pgp-11 loss-of-function strain for rescue experiments is already characterised more closely regarding its IVM susceptibility. For that reason, transgenic lines, containing PeqPgp-11 of the presumably resistant genotype and a control line were generated. First results of comparative analyses between these different lines produced encouraging results.

Precies twee jaar geleden is een artikel gepubliceerd met de gezondheidsgegevens van 24 praktijkkoppels voliOrehennen (Periodiek 94/1). De gegevens werden verzameld in het kader van het Demo-project voor voliOrehuisvesting voor leghennen. Deze registratie is onverminderd doorgegaan en inmiddels zijn gegevens van 62 praktijkkoppels beschikbaar. Het werd daarom tijd om de stand nogmaals op te maken.

As variações nos parâmetros clínicos, hematológicos e parasitológicos interferem na adaptabilidade dos animais. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as raças caprinas Canindé e Moxotó em dois períodos do ano, chuvoso e seco, visando estabelecer dados de referência para o conhecimento do metabolismo dessa espécie. Esta pesquisa foi realizada na Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos, localizada em Sobral, Ceará, utilizando 15 caprinos da raça Canindé, sendo cinco machos e dez fêmeas e 15 da raça Moxotó, cinco machos e dez fêmeas. Os animais foram mantidos em pastagem nativa, caatinga rebaixada, e tinham entre 1 ano e meio a 3 anos e meio de idade, com escore corporal entre 2,0 e 3,0. O exame clínico dos animais, colheitas de sangue e fezes foram realizadas, das 8 horas às 10 horas, nos meses de abril e setembro/2007 e abril e setembro/2008. Na raça Canindé foi observada diferença significativa (P0,05) entre as mesmas. Na raça Moxotó foi observada diferença significativa (P0,05) entre os parâmetros bioquímicos entre as raças. Quando se comparou as variáveis hematológicas na raça Moxotó, de acordo com o OPG, observou-se que não houve diferença estatística (P>0,05) entre as mesmas, enquanto que para a raça Canindé observou-se diferença significativa (P0.05) between them. In Moxotó there was no significant difference (P0.05) in the biochemical parameters between the breeds (P>0.05). When it was compared the biochemical parameters in Moxotó, according to EPF, it was observed no statistical difference (P>0.05) between it, while for Canindé breed it was noted a significant difference (P

Als onderdeel van een vogelmijtproject is een enquête onder legpluimveehouders gehouden met als doel te inventariseren: de stand van zaken van de vogelmijtproblematiek; welke behandelingen er worden toegepast; welke preventieve maatregelen men neemt; wat de geschatte schade is van de vogelmijt in relatie tot de besmetting

De bloedluis is een irritante parasiet wiens aanwezigheid grote gevolgen heeft voor de technische resultaten op een legpluimveebedrijf. De divisie Praktijkonderzoek heeft becijferd dat afhankelijk van de mate van besmetting de kosten kunnen oplopen tot ruim één euro per opgehokte hen

De vogelmijt wordt al decennia lang bestreden met allerlei, met name chemische middelen. In de loop der tijd werden steeds meer van deze middelen verboden. Het is ook een doodlopende weg gezien het ontstaan van resistentie en de discussie rond voedselveiligheid. Hoe moet het dan wel? De visie van het Praktijkonderzoek

Het is een lastpost, irritant voor mens en dier en het is een schadepost. Beschrijving van de schade die de vogelmijt aanricht aan de kip.

A resistência anti-helmíntica tem maior prevalência entre os nematóides de ovinos e caprinos. No Ceará, estudos demonstraram que esse problema está se disseminando, sendo detectado em aproximadamente 90% das propriedades de ovinos na região do baixo e médio Jaguaribe. H. contortus é o mais prevalente e de maior intensidade em populações parasitárias resistentes a anti-helmínticos em várias regiões do estado do Ceará e do mundo. Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar as unidades produtoras de ovinos quanto ao aparecimento da resistência aos benzimidazóis, isolar uma cepa sensível e resistente aos benzimidazóis e fazer uma caracterização destas cepas. Para cada cepa foi determinado o poder infectante, patogenicidade, a fertilidade das fêmeas, a capacidade do desenvolvimento dos seus ovos até larvas de terceiro estágio sob diversas condições de meio, além da classificação da população quanto à morfologia do processo vulvar das fêmeas e avaliação global da aptidão das larvas de terceiro estágio em desenvolver uma nova infecção. Os fatores que apresentaram valor preditivo para o desenvolvimento da resistência foram tratamentos aplicados na época seca (P=0,03) e rotação de pastagem (P=0,17). Foram isoladas duas cepas, uma considerada sensível (DE50 = 0,20) e uma resistente (DE50 = 1,63). Durante a época seca (32°C), a cepa sensível desenvolveu-se melhor, enquanto na época chuvosa (23°C), a cepa resistente obteve melhor desempenho. Na primeira geração, a cepa resistente apresentou maior patogenicidade, demonstrada pela maior produção de ovos, hematofagismo e melhor estabelecimento das larvas de terceiro estágio. Na segunda geração, produzida com larvas desenvolvidas nas temperaturas que mimetizam as épocas seca e chuvosa, as larvas obtidas com 23°C demonstram uma maior patogenicidade. Acredita-se que nesta geração o genótipo não tenha influenciado as características de vida dos parasitos. A partir destes resultados conclui-se que existem influências do genótipo resistente ou sensível aos benzimidazóis e da temperatura sobre as características de vida do parasito H. contortus isolado no estado do Ceará. Tese (Doutorado em Ciências Veterinárias. Área de Concentração: Reprodução e Sanidade Animal) - Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza. Orientadora: Claudia Maria Leal Bevilaqua; Co-orientador: Luiz da Silva Vieira.

To determine the prevalence of infections with helminths and protozoa in cats in animal shelters, faecal samples from 305 cats from 22 animal shelters in the Netherlands were examined, using a centrifugation-sedimentation-flotation-technique. The association between potential risk factors and the occurrence of an infection was also tested. Infections with helminths and/or protozoa were found in 160 samples (52.5%). Toxocara cati was found in 86 cats (28.2%), Cystoisospora felis in 59 cats (19.3%), Cystoisospora rivolta in 43 cats (14.1%), Capillaria spp. in 34 cats (11.2%), Ancylostoma tubaeforma in 9 cats (3.0%), Taenia taeniaeformis in 9 cats (3.0%), Aelurostrongylus abstrusus in 8 cats (2.6%), Giardia intestinalis in 3 cats (1.0%), Dipylidium caninum in 2 cats (0.7%) and Toxoplasma gondii in 1 cat (0.3%). The highest prevalence was seen in kittens and stray cats. The main preventive factor against infection was a short stay in a shelter. Om de prevalatie van infecties met helminthen en protozoën bij katten in de onderzochte asielen vast te stellen, zijn faecesmonsters van 305 katten uit 22 asielen in Nederland onderzocht met behulp van de centrifugatie-sedimentatie-flotatie-techniek. Ook is het verband tussen potentiële risicofactoren en het optreden van infecties getoetst. Kittens en gevonden katten bleken extra risico's te lopen op infecties en als preventieve factor kwam voornamelijk een kort verblijf in het asiel naar voren

Uitleg over de epidemiologie van maagdarmwormen bij schapen, en adviezen om de ontwikkeling van resistentie tegen wormmiddelen te voorkomen. De huidige praktijk van preventieve behandeling van ooien en lammeren werkt de ontwikkeling van resistentie juist in de hand. Om de selectiedruk voor resistentie bij de wormen te verlagen is het belangrijk om niet meer alle schapen tegelijk te behandelen en wormmiddelen uit de verschillende groepen (benzimidazolen; imidithiazoles; avermectines en milbemycines) af te wisselen. Ook een cocktail van middelen is effectief tegen resistentieontwikkeling