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Background/Objectives: Cattle-feeding systems may have health implications for consumers of beef products. Organic grass-fed (GRA) and conventional (CON) cattle-feeding systems may result in beef products with differing metabolite profiles and therefore could impact the postprandial metabolomic response of consumers. This study aims to measure whole beef metabolomics and postprandial metabolomic response of consumers between GRA and CON beef to elucidate potential health implications. Methods: This study followed a randomized double-blind crossover design with healthy male and female subjects (n = 10). Plasma samples were taken at fasting (0) and postprandially for four hours after consumption of a steak from each condition. Untargeted metabolomic analysis of whole beef and human plasma samples used LC/MS. Multivariate and pathway enrichment analysis in MetaboAnalyst was used to investigate metabolite and biochemical pathways that distinguished CON and GRA. Results: Cattle-feeding systems impacted both postprandial and whole beef steak metabolomic profiles. Metabolites that contributed to this variation included carnitine species (Proionylcarnitine), fatty acids, amino acids (L-valine), and Calamendiol. These metabolites have been associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and cardiovascular health. Functional pathway enrichment analysis revealed numerous amino acid degradation pathways, especially branched-chain amino acids, and fatty acid degradation that changed throughout the postprandial time course. Conclusions: These findings suggest that CON and GRA cattle-feeding systems differentially impact whole beef metabolomics, as well as consumer postprandial metabolic responses and the associated health implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kombucha, a fermented tea beverage, has seen a significant rise in global popularity. This increase is attributed to its reported health benefits and extensive cultural heritage. The comprehensive review examines kombucha through microbiology, biochemistry, and health sciences, highlighting its therapeutic potential and commercial viability. Central to kombucha production is the symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeasts (SCOBY), which regulates a complex fermentation process, resulting in a bioactive-rich elixir. The study examines the microbial dynamics of SCOBY, emphasizing the roles of various microorganisms. It focuses the contributions of acetic acid bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and osmophilic yeasts, including genera such as Saccharomyces, Schizosaccharomyces, Zygosaccharomyces, Brettanomyces/Dekkera, and Pichia. These microorganisms play crucial roles in producing bioactive compounds, including organic acids, polyphenols, and vitamins. These bioactive compounds confer therapeutic properties to kombucha. These properties include antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, cancer prevention, hepatoprotective, and detoxifying effects. The review also explores the growing market for kombucha, driven by consumer demand for functional beverages and opportunities for innovative product development. It emphasizes the necessity of standardized production to ensure safety and validate health claims. Identifying research gaps, the review highlights the importance of clinical trials to verify therapeutic benefits. Ultimately, this study integrates traditional knowledge with scientific research, providing directions for future studies and commercial expansion, emphasizing the role of kombucha in health and wellness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Respiratory dust of different particle sizes in the environment causes diverse health effects when entering the human body and makes acute or chronic damage through multiple systems and organs. However, the precise toxic effects and potential mechanisms induced by dust of different particle sizes have not been systematically summarized. In this study, we described the sources and characteristics of three different particle sizes of dust: PM2.5 (<2.5 μm), silica (<5 μm), and nanosilica (<100 nm). Based on their respective characteristics, we further explored the main toxicity induced by silica, PM2.5, and nanosilica in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, we evaluated the health implications of respiratory dust on the human body, and especially proposed potential synergistic effects, considering current studies. In summary, this review summarized the health hazards and toxic mechanisms associated with respiratory dust of different particle sizes. It could provide new insights for investigating the synergistic effects of co-exposure to respiratory dust of different particle sizes in mixed environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review evaluates the therapeutic effects of polysaccharides derived from mushroom species that have medicinal and edible properties. The fungal polysaccharides were recently studied, focusing on their modulation of the gut microbiota and their impact on various diseases. The study covers both clinical and preclinical studies, detailing the results and highlighting the significant influence of these polysaccharides on gut microbiota modulation. It discusses the potential health benefits derived from incorporating these polysaccharides into the diet for managing chronic diseases such as diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. Furthermore, the review emphasizes the interaction between fungal polysaccharides and the gut microbiota, underscoring their role in modulating the gut microbial community. It presents a systematic analysis of the findings, demonstrating the substantial impact of fungal polysaccharides on gut microbiota composition and function, which may contribute to their therapeutic effects in various chronic conditions. We conclude that the modulation of the gut microbiota by these polysaccharides may play a crucial role in mediating their therapeutic effects, offering a promising avenue for further research and potential applications in disease prevention and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of fossil fuel energy persists in all the continents of the world, especially in Africa. This study examined fossil fuel energy usage and its health implications in residents of Osun State, Nigeria. This was a cross-sectional study done across Osun State Nigeria. The study took place between January and June 2020. 1044 participants were recruited by multi-stage random sampling. Structured questionnaires were used to obtain necessary information from the study participants. The study data shows there were 534 females (51.1%). 601 (57.6%) relied solely on fossil fuel energy compared to 443 (42.4%) who use non-traditional energy sources. The proportion of people whose annual income is less than 56.6 USD (fifty thousand Naira based on the current official exchange rate as of Jan 2024) is far higher among those who use fossil fuel energy (88.0%) compared to those who use modern energy (59.1%). Electricity consumption accessibility was also more likely among those who used modern energy (91.9%) compared to 52.4% of those who use fossil fuel energy for daily energy needs. Reports of ill-health were significantly commoner among those who used fossil fuel than modern energy in the population including asthma illness (15.3% vs. 11.3%), cough (21.1% vs. 16.7%), catarrh (19.3% vs. 10.8%) and difficulty in breathing (9.3% vs. 6.3%) respectively. This study showed that fossil fuel energy use is very prevalent among residents of Osun State, Nigeria. And may be linked with many indices of poverty. It is associated with significant health impacts including respiratory diseases and poor quality of life. There is a need to encourage and implement policies toward effective and efficient energy use among residents in Osun State to reduce the associated long-term health impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies how negative emotions like stress, anxiety, and boredom can affect unhealthy food consumption. Using the Wuhan lockdown as an external shock, we examine the changes in food consumption in a city that was not in lockdown. We applied the difference‐in‐differences method to a large scanner dataset from a retail monopoly in China. Our findings reveal that negative emotions induced by the pandemic lockdown significantly elevated consumer spending on unhealthy food items such as crisps, sugary beverages, regular soda, and low‐alcohol beverages. Notably, the effect of unhealthy food consumption was more pronounced among younger and wealthier demographics. Triggering factors, like information about confirmed new deaths and infections as well as proximity to local hospitals, were found to strongly influence the consumption of unhealthy foods. Overall, the lockdown's impact extended beyond short‐term increases in snack consumption to substantial increases in overall dietary and nutritional intake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human exposure to heavy metals, which encompasses both essential and toxic varieties, is widespread. The intestine functions as a critical organ for absorption and metabolism of heavy metals. Gut microbiota plays a crucial role in heavy metal absorption, metabolism, and related processes. Toxic heavy metals (THMs), such as arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd), can cause damage to multiple organs even at low levels of exposure, and it is crucial to emphasize their potential high toxicity. Nevertheless, certain essential trace elements, including iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn), play vital roles in the biochemical and physiological functions of organisms at low concentrations but can exert toxic effects on the gut microbiota at higher levels. Some potentially essential micronutrients, such as chromium (Cr), silicon (Si), and nickel (Ni), which were considered to be intermediate in terms of their essentiality and toxicity, had different effects on the gut microbiota and their metabolites. Bidirectional relationships between heavy metals and gut microbiota have been found. Heavy metal exposure disrupts gut microbiota and influences its metabolism and physiological functions, potentially contributing to metabolic and other disorders. Furthermore, gut microbiota influences the absorption and metabolism of heavy metals by serving as a physical barrier against heavy metal absorption and modulating the pH, oxidative balance, and concentrations of detoxification enzymes or proteins involved in heavy metal metabolism. The interactions between heavy metals and gut microbiota might be positive or negative according to different valence states, concentrations, and forms of the same heavy metal. This paper reviews the metabolic interactions of 10 common heavy metals with the gut microbiota and their health implications. This collated information could provide novel insights into the disruption of the intestinal microbiota caused by heavy metals as a potential contributing factor to human diseases.

Significance: It is generally accepted that humans evolved in Africa, but several opposing conceptual models representing our origins have been proposed. We shed light on the divergence of human populations on the African continent and challenge traditional models, suggesting a new framework -- represented by a tangled vine with offshoots -- in which stem populations separated but continually exchanged genetic material. This work would not have been possible without sequencing the most genetically diverse human genomes in the world; contemporary African DNA is not only key to understanding deep human history, but is also central to answering other health-related questions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant-based diets have gained increasing attention as a sustainable and healthful alternative to meat-based diets. This paper explores the implications of adopting a plant-based diet on human health and its potential as a viable alternative to traditional meat consumption. The key focus is on understanding the health benefits and considerations associated with transitioning to a plant-based diet, as well as addressing potential concerns and challenges. Research indicates that plant-based diets, rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, seeds, and legumes, offer a myriad of health advantages. These diets are typically lower in saturated fat and cholesterol, while being higher in fiber, vitamins, minerals, and phytonutrients. Consequently, individuals adhering to plantbased diets often experience reduced risk of chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and certain cancers. Moreover, plant-based diets have been associated with improved weight management, lower incidence of obesity, and enhanced overall well-being. However, transitioning to a plant-based diet requires careful consideration to ensure adequate nutrient intake, particularly of essential nutrients such as protein, iron, calcium, vitamin B12, and omega-3 fatty acids. Proper planning and diversification of food choices are essential to meet nutrient needs and prevent deficiencies. Additionally, addressing socio-cultural factors, taste preferences, accessibility, and affordability are crucial in promoting the adoption and sustainability of plant-based diets on a broader scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excessive alcohol intake is apparent among youths in Nigeria, and its perceived health implications among this population is lacking. Therefore, this study seeks to explore the prevalence and health implications of excessive alcohol intake among Mushin youths residing in Itire suburbs of Mushin local government area (LGA) of Lagos State, Nigeria. The study design adopted was descriptive cross-sectional, conducted in the district area of Mushin local government area in Lagos State, Southwest geopolitical zone of Nigeria. Using a systematic sampling technique, a final sample of 400 youths was selected for the study. Data on the outcomes of interest were gathered between August and November 2022 using an interviewer-administered structured survey questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed that 89.0% of the respondents were alcohol abusers and 89.5% of them mentioned enjoyment as one of the main reasons for their drinking behaviours. The multiple linear regression analysis showed that factors such as 'significant others' (t = 6.892, ρ < 0.05), price of alcohol (t = 6.392, ρ < 0.05), and males more prone (t = 3.134, ρ < 0.05), significantly predicted a higher likelihood of excessive intake of alcohol. However, peer pressure (t = -3.869, ρ < 0.05) and age cohorts' acceptance (t = -5.080, ρ < 0.05) were statistically significant, characterized by a negation of denial of respondents predicting the odds of excessive alcohol intake and its health implications. Thus, there is urgent need to create awareness programmes that will sensitize Mushin youths of the health consequences of excessive alcohol intake, especially in rural and grassroots communities in Nigeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Driven by the demand of consumers for low-fat foods, the field of fat replacers has made a tremendous breakthrough over the past decade. A fat replacer is a substance that replaces whole or part of the fat in food while asserting the same physiological properties. Based on the source, fat replacers can be carbohydrate, protein or lipid-based. They serve two major purposes in food viz. reducing the calorie content and amount of fat used in the preparation of food products as well as impart fat-like properties. Fat replacers exhibit its functionalities by providing texture, acting as stabilizers, emulsifiers, gelling and thickening agents. It is crucial to select the proper kind of fat replacer because fat functionality varies considerably depending on the meal type and the formulation. Evidence suggests that reducing fat intake can help in controlling body weight and the risk of diseases like type-2 diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Consumers should not be misled into believing that fat and calorie-reduced foods may be consumed indefinitely. Fat replacers are most beneficial when they aid in calorie control and promote the consumption of meals that provide essential nutrients. This review aims to provide a deep insight into the fact that fat replacers can be utilized in various food commodities in order to meet the dietary guidelines for reducing fat intake with a healthy lifestyle and prudent dietary approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Respiratory dust of different particle sizes in the environment causes diverse health effects when entering the human body and makes acute or chronic damage through multiple systems and organs. However, the precise toxic effects and potential mechanisms induced by dust of different particle sizes have not been systematically summarized. In this study, we described the sources and characteristics of three different particle sizes of dust: PM2.5 (

Ultrafine particles and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been detected from material extrusion 3D printing, which is widely used in non-industrial environments. This study consolidates data of 447 particle emission and 58 VOC emission evaluations from a chamber study using a standardized testing method with various 3D printing scenarios. The interquartile ranges of the observed emission rates were 109–1011 #/h for particles and 0.2–1.0 mg/h for total VOC. Print material contributed largely to the variations of particle and total VOC emissions and determined the most abundantly emitted VOCs. Printing conditions and filament specifications, included printer brand, print temperature and speed, build plate heating setup, filament brand, color and composite, also affected emissions and resulted in large variations observed in emission profiles. Multiple regression showed that particle emissions were more impacted by various print conditions than VOC emissions. According to indoor exposure modeling, personal and residential exposure scenarios were more likely to result in high exposure levels, often exceeding recommended exposure limits. Hazardous VOCs commonly emitted from 3D printing included aromatics, aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, esters and siloxanes, among which were various carcinogens, irritants and developmental and reproductive toxins. Therefore, 3D printing emits a complex mixture of ultrafine particles and various hazardous chemicals, exposure to which may exceed recommended exposure limits and potentially induce acute, chronic, or developmental health effects for users depending on exposure scenarios.

In the contemporary digital marketing context, this study aimed to investigate the influence of firm-generated content and social media advertising on fast-food consumption patterns among the adult population. Utilizing a questionnaire distributed to customers of a restaurant in Fujairah, United Arab Emirates, convenience sampling was employed. The findings underscored a significant positive relationship between firm-generated content and social media engagement, as well as between the latter and online shopping behavior. However, it was determined that word of mouth did not significantly moderate the relationship between attitudes towards social media advertisements and fast-food consumption patterns. From a theoretical perspective, these results enrich the understanding of how digital dynamics shape consumer behavior in specific contexts. Practically speaking, they prompt a critical reflection on the ethics of marketing in promoting products potentially detrimental to health, urging both companies and policymakers to reconsider their strategies and regulations, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global climate change, induced by anthropogenic causes, has severe consequences for Earth and its inhabitants. With the consequences already visible around the globe, one of them is the impact on food security. The lack of food security has serious impacts on health, especially in vulnerable populations who highly depend on a nutritious diet for a healthy life. The following research aims to assess the current research status of climate change, food security and health. In this context, the interlinkage of the three key concepts is analyzed, as well as the related health consequences. To achieve the aims of this research, a bibliometric analysis was conducted using VOSviewer, (version 1.6.16) including 453 papers. The data were retrieved from the Scopus database on 10 November 2022. Bibliometric analysis can illustrate emerging and key topic areas using keywords and co-occurrence analysis; hence, it is an adequate method to meet the listed research aims. Five different clusters have been derived from the analysis, each representing a different perspective on interlinkage. From the different clusters, the main consequences of climate change on food security could be derived, such as a decrease in crop yields, less availability of fish and livestock, or food contamination through mycotoxins. These can cause serious health implications, predominantly increasing the rate of malnutrition globally. The work showed the importance of action to prevent the consequences of climate change in relation to food security and health nexus. To do so, adaptation strategies are needed that consider the interdisciplinary scope of the problem, building sustainable measures that benefit each concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microplastics (MPs), small plastic particles resulting from the degradation of larger plastic items and from primary sources such as textiles, engineered plastic pellets, etc., have become a ubiquitous environmental pollutant. As their prevalence in the natural environment grows, concerns about their potential impacts on human health have escalated. This review discusses current research findings on the presence of MPs in organs such as the liver, blood, heart, placenta, breast milk, sputum, semen, testis, and urine, while also exploring plausible mechanisms of translocation. Furthermore, the review emphasizes the importance of understanding the potential toxicological effects of MPs on various physiological processes within these organs and their broader implications for human health. This review also examines the pathways through which MPs can enter and accumulate in human organs and bodily fluids, shedding light on the intricate routes of exposure and potential health implications. It is worth noting that the invasive medical procedures may permit direct access of MPs to the bloodstream and tissues, serving as a potential contamination source. However, it is evident that a comprehensive understanding of MPs' invasion into human organs is vital for effective mitigation strategies and the preservation of both human health and the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research was conducted to ascertain the level of public awareness on the dangers of electronic wastes (E-waste) and the health implications of improper disposal of such wastes on the residents of Owerri Municipal. Simple random sampling techniques was used to gather data using questionnaire. A total of 175 questionnaires were used out of which 150 were useable for the analysis. The questionnaire assessed the knowledge of the residents on the dangers of E-waste and the health implications of indiscriminate disposal of such waste. The result of the research showed that 42% of the residents were aware of dangers of E-waste and the health implications of the r disposal of the wastes while 45.3% were not aware. Majority of the respondents learnt about the dangers of E-wastes and the health implications of the indiscriminate disposal through school and mass media (40% respectively). The major method of E-waste disposal in the study area is Open dumping (55.3%). Findings from the study showed that E-waste management in the area is poorly handled and unsustainable. Hence, researcher recommended the enactment of strict laws and enforcement mechanism against indiscriminate disposal of E-waste and through public enlightenment programs to educate the residents on the dangers and health implications of indiscriminate disposal of E-waste, as these will ensure proper E-waste management thereby reducing the adverse health consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxalate is an antinutrient present in a wide range of foods, with plant products, especially green leafy vegetables, being the main sources of dietary oxalates. This compound has been largely associated with hyperoxaluria, kidney stone formation, and, in more severe cases, systematic oxalosis. Due to its impact on human health, it is extremely important to control the amount of oxalate present in foods, particularly for patients with kidney stone issues. In this review, a summary and discussion of the current knowledge on oxalate analysis, its extraction conditions, specific features of analytical methods, reported occurrence in foods, and its health implications are presented. In addition, a brief conclusion and further perspectives on whether high-oxalate foods are truly problematic and can be seen as health threats are shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review evaluates the therapeutic effects of polysaccharides derived from mushroom species that have medicinal and edible properties. The fungal polysaccharides were recently studied, focusing on their modulation of the gut microbiota and their impact on various diseases. The study covers both clinical and preclinical studies, detailing the results and highlighting the significant influence of these polysaccharides on gut microbiota modulation. It discusses the potential health benefits derived from incorporating these polysaccharides into the diet for managing chronic diseases such as diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. Furthermore, the review emphasizes the interaction between fungal polysaccharides and the gut microbiota, underscoring their role in modulating the gut microbial community. It presents a systematic analysis of the findings, demonstrating the substantial impact of fungal polysaccharides on gut microbiota composition and function, which may contribute to their therapeutic effects in various chronic conditions. We conclude that the modulation of the gut microbiota by these polysaccharides may play a crucial role in mediating their therapeutic effects, offering a promising avenue for further research and potential applications in disease prevention and treatment.

Southwest Florida is one of the most rapidly growing regions of the United States and has been impacted over the past decade with water-quality issues and some associated health problems. The ionic ratios of the dust measured in southwest Florida vary significantly from those on the Florida east coast and in the Caribbean. The metals concentrations reported herein are enriched in potassium and calcium from local sources. Atmospheric deposition of metals and nutrients appears to have potential impacts on both indirect health problems and environmental issues of concern, particularly harmful algal blooms. However, no significant past research has been performed on measurement of the concentration of either metals including the micronutrient iron or nutrient concentrations occurring in atmospheric dry and wet fallout in southwest Florida. Measurements of the composition of key metals and nutrients were made over a one-year period. Concentrations of total phosphorus in the dust ranged from 0–80.5 mg/kg with an average of 4 mg/kg and in rainfall from 1–15.8 чg/L with an average of 4 mg/kg. Nitrate ranged from 0–746 чg/L with an average of 114.4 чg/L in rainfall in a soluble form, and from 1.3 to 718 mg/kg with an average of 209.9 mg/kg in an insoluble form. Ammonia was measured to range from 1.4 to 658 mg/kg with an average of 101.4 mg/kg in rainfall. Iron was found in the dust at concentrations ranging from 0–81 mg/kg with an average of 3.8 mg/kg and in rainfall from 0–125.7 mg/kg with an average of 3.0 mg/kg. While the measured nutrient and iron concentrations are not likely to initiate a harmful algal bloom, they are likely to sustain an existing bloom. Global climate change may exacerbate the atmospheric aerosol issue by increased wind speeds over Africa associated with longer term drought conditions caused by atmospheric temperature increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A daily diet including common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) has been linked to numerous health benefits due to their rich nutritional profile. Beans contain high levels of dietary fiber and (poly)phenols (flavonoids, phenolic acids and tannins), which are pivotal in promoting health. This manuscript critically reviews the gut metabolism of (poly)phenols and dietary fiber found in beans in relation to the proposed health benefits based on the in vitro and in vivo evidence. After oral consumption, certain (poly)phenols inhibit digestive enzymes in the small intestine, potentially lowering postprandial glycemic responses. Dietary fiber and many (poly)phenols pass to the colon and are metabolized by the microbiota. Phenolic metabolites and fiber-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) modulate microbiota composition and other health biomarkers. The observed benefits of whole beans are primarily attributed to the phenolic metabolites and SCFA. Further research should focus on profiling metabolites from their parent compounds to better understand their metabolic fate and biological activity, spanning from the gastrointestinal tract to the systemic circulation. [Display omitted] • Common beans contain high levels of polyphenols and dietary fiber. • Polyphenols and fiber are mostly indigestible and reach colon. • Anti-Digestive enzyme activity is pronounced effect of polyphenols in the upper gastrointestinal tract. • Polyphenols and dietary fiber modulate colonic microbes, promoting a healthy colon. • Colonic phenolic metabolites and short-chain fatty acids promote health benefits in systemic circulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by various filamentous fungi, including Aspergillus , Fusarium , Penicillium , Alternaria , Claviceps , Mucor , Trichoderma , Trichothecium , Myrothecium , Pyrenophora , and Stachybotrys. They can contaminate various plants or animal foods, resulting in a significant loss of nutritional and commercial value. Several factors contribute to mycotoxin production, such as humidity, temperature, oxygen levels, fungal species, and substrate. When contaminated food is consumed by animals and humans, mycotoxins are rapidly absorbed, affecting the liver, and causing metabolic disorders. The detrimental effects on humans and animals include reduced food intake and milk production, reduced fertility, increased risk of abortion, impaired immune response, and increased occurrence of diseases. Therefore, it is imperative to implement strategies for mycotoxin control, broadly classified as preventing fungal contamination and detoxifying their toxic compounds. This review aims to discuss various aspects of mycotoxins, including their occurrence, and risk potential. Additionally, it provides an overview of mycotoxin detoxification strategies, including the use of mycotoxin absorbents, as potential techniques to eliminate or mitigate the harmful effects of mycotoxins and masked mycotoxins on human and animal health while preserving the nutritional and commercial value of affected food products. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microplastics (MPs), small plastic particles resulting from the degradation of larger plastic items and from primary sources such as textiles, engineered plastic pellets, etc., have become a ubiquitous environmental pollutant. As their prevalence in the natural environment grows, concerns about their potential impacts on human health have escalated. This review discusses current research findings on the presence of MPs in organs such as the liver, blood, heart, placenta, breast milk, sputum, semen, testis, and urine, while also exploring plausible mechanisms of translocation. Furthermore, the review emphasizes the importance of understanding the potential toxicological effects of MPs on various physiological processes within these organs and their broader implications for human health. This review also examines the pathways through which MPs can enter and accumulate in human organs and bodily fluids, shedding light on the intricate routes of exposure and potential health implications. It is worth noting that the invasive medical procedures may permit direct access of MPs to the bloodstream and tissues, serving as a potential contamination source. However, it is evident that a comprehensive understanding of MPs’ invasion into human organs is vital for effective mitigation strategies and the preservation of both human health and the environment.

Global climate change, induced by anthropogenic causes, has severe consequences for Earth and its inhabitants. With the consequences already visible around the globe, one of them is the impact on food security. The lack of food security has serious impacts on health, especially in vulnerable populations who highly depend on a nutritious diet for a healthy life. The following research aims to assess the current research status of climate change, food security and health. In this context, the interlinkage of the three key concepts is analyzed, as well as the related health consequences. To achieve the aims of this research, a bibliometric analysis was conducted using VOSviewer, (version 1.6.16) including 453 papers. The data were retrieved from the Scopus database on 10 November 2022. Bibliometric analysis can illustrate emerging and key topic areas using keywords and co-occurrence analysis; hence, it is an adequate method to meet the listed research aims. Five different clusters have been derived from the analysis, each representing a different perspective on interlinkage. From the different clusters, the main consequences of climate change on food security could be derived, such as a decrease in crop yields, less availability of fish and livestock, or food contamination through mycotoxins. These can cause serious health implications, predominantly increasing the rate of malnutrition globally. The work showed the importance of action to prevent the consequences of climate change in relation to food security and health nexus. To do so, adaptation strategies are needed that consider the interdisciplinary scope of the problem, building sustainable measures that benefit each concept.

Background: Gender-based violence (GBV) against women and girls, is a global pandemic that affects 1 in 3 women in their lifetime. Somalia is one of the leading countries in human rights violations and has one of the highest rates of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) worldwide. Such violence is more prevalent among women and girls in internally displaced persons (IDP) camps who lack livelihood and civil protections. Therefore, this study was designed to identify the prevalence and the determinants of gender-based violence in IDP camps in Deynile district, Somalia. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study design conducted in IDP camps in Deynile District from August 1 to September 30, 2022. A total of three hundred eighty-four women and girls aged 18 years and above living in the selected IDP camps were involved in the study. The camps were selected randomly while households and participants were selected systematic random sampling. The recall period was set at 12 months (August 2021 to July 2022). Participants were interviewed by well-trained research assistants using pre-tested structured questionnaire. Data was entered into and analyzed with SPSS 25.0. Logistic regression was used, and the significance level was set at p value ≤ 0.05. Result: The study revealed that gender-based violence was quite common in the IDP camps in Mogadishu's Deynile area. Physical abuse was the most prevalent type of GBV, which was primarily committed by intimate partners, parents, and other family members. The main factors associated with gender-based violence were young age (OR=4.77, 95% CI: 1.96–11.63, p5 individuals (OR=1.86, 95% CI:1.04–3.30, p

Introduction: Dental amalgam is a dental material that has been used to fill carious cavities for more than 150 years. Amalgam fillings contain about 50% mercury and a mixture of other metals. The mercury it contains is controversial and debated by many researchers, as there is evidence of its negative effects on the human body. The constant release of mercury vapor from amalgam fillings is causing more and more countries to discontinue its use in treating patients' teeth. Aim of the study: The purpose of this study is to focus on evaluating the local and systemic effects of dental amalgam contained in dental fillings on human health. Materials and methods: PubMed and Google Scholar medical databases were analyzed, operating with the following keywords: dental amalgam, mercury, health effects, dentistry in as many configurations as needed. Thirty-four related articles published during the last five years (2017-2022) were selected. Results: Dental amalgam is a potential factor in many health problems among patients. Mercury's ease of penetration across the blood-brain barrier and the placenta means that it can cause adverse health effects from the prenatal period onward. Conclusions: Research on the effects of mercury from dental amalgams should continue in order to explore cause-and-effect sequences and deepen our understanding of the health implications. The search for an ideal restorative material for tooth tissue after dental treatment should be accelerated.

The health implications due to the exposure to heavy metals from boreholes were studied. Water samples (n = 24) were analyzed for lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), and iron (Fe) using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP OES, Varians-720-ES). The mean metals in boreholes were 0.085 ± 0.070 mg/L (Pb), 0.437 ± 0.142 (Cd), 0.034 ± 0.026 (Ni), 0.056 ± 0.028 (Cr), and 0.351 ± 0.066 mg/L (Fe). The mean Pb, Cd, and Cr were above the WHO limits for drinking water. Children were more vulnerable to heavy metals. The oral exposure of adults to Cd (1.37 × 10−2 mg/kg/day), children to Pb (1.02 × 10−2 mg/kg/day) and Cr (6.72 × 10−3 mg/kg/day), the dermal exposure of adults (6.51 × 10−5 mg/kg/day) and children (1.92 × 10−4 mg/kg/day) to Cd , the hazard quotient (HQ) from the oral exposure of adults to Cd (13.70 × 100), children to Pb (2.91 × 100) and Cr (2.24 × 100), the HQ from dermal exposure of adults (2.60 × 100) and children (7.68 × 100) to Cd, and the hazard index (HI) from the oral and dermal exposure of adults and children to heavy metals indicates impending health challenges. The carcinogenic risk (CR) of Pb (3.14 × 10−1), Ni (6.23 × 10−4), and Cr (3.53 × 10−3) in adults and those of Pb (1.20 × 100), Ni (2.40 × 10−3), and Cr (1.34 × 10−2) in children signifies the potential of having cancer within a 70-year lifespan. The potential health hazards to indigenes indicate the necessity for proper clean-up.

Aging is an independent risk factor for the development of various diseases associated, among others, with detrimental blood levels of fat- and water-soluble vitamins. Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate age-related changes in blood levels of vitamin A, B12, C, D, and E. Subject serum vitamin levels were obtained from the combined National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). NHANESIII and NHANES 1999–2000, 2001–2002, 2003–2004, and 2005–2006. The raw data set was stratified into five age groups G1- G5: 20 ≤ G1 < 30, 30 ≤ G2 < 40, 40 ≤ G3 < 50, 50 ≤ G4 < 60, and 60 ≤ G5 < 70 years of age. Age stratified data was cleaned using the modified Horn algorithm. The reference range for the vitamin level of a specific age group was defined as data between the first and third quartile of the subject defined by normal blood pressure and normal bone density. Age-dependent changes in serum/plasma vitamin levels were assessed using the bootstrap technique with 10,000 repeats and Bonferroni adjustment. There was a continuous increase in vitamin A, B12, D, and E levels in the blood. However, the vitamin C concentration remained virtually constant in all age groups. There was a lack of cross-correlations between lipid and water-soluble vitamin levels and blood pressure and bone health. The following reference levels for vitamin A, B12, C, D, and E in subjects older than 20 years of age were established: vitamin A: 1.32–2.8 mmol/L, vitamin B12: 257.94–498.33 pmol/L, vitamin C: 38.18–79.2 mmol/L, vitamin D: 76.33–199.36 nmol/L and vitamin E: 3.65–41.12 μmol/L.

Oxalate is an antinutrient present in a wide range of foods, with plant products, especially green leafy vegetables, being the main sources of dietary oxalates. This compound has been largely associated with hyperoxaluria, kidney stone formation, and, in more severe cases, systematic oxalosis. Due to its impact on human health, it is extremely important to control the amount of oxalate present in foods, particularly for patients with kidney stone issues. In this review, a summary and discussion of the current knowledge on oxalate analysis, its extraction conditions, specific features of analytical methods, reported occurrence in foods, and its health implications are presented. In addition, a brief conclusion and further perspectives on whether high-oxalate foods are truly problematic and can be seen as health threats are shown.

Human health and wellbeing are intimately linked to the state of the environment. The current study emphasizes the role of environmental quality, government policies, and human health. This paper provides a detailed literature review of existing findings regarding our key variables of interest. The results argue that the implications of poor government policies and environmental pollution for rising economic development have led to poor environmental quality and health issues for humans. Based on earlier investigations, the present study reviewed the state-of-the-art review and determined innovative insights for outdoor and indoor environment difficulties. This study provides a detailed review of human health, environmental quality, and governance quality. In addition, the study conducts an empirical analysis using the annual data of low-income countries from 1996 to 2020. Government actions and health systems must be modified immediately to address these rising concerns successfully. The report offers policy recommendations for addressing health, governance, and environmental change mitigation issues, all of which are directly or indirectly related to the study. This article presents an overview of environmental change's health impacts and explores how health hazards may be reduced or eliminated through effective adaptation strategies.

Introduction The onset of breast cancer is considered a potential traumatic event associated with physical and psychological effects, in particular when it occurs at the age below 50. The literature lacks a longitudinal narrative exploration of breast cancer experience of young women. Participants and procedure Using the narrative device as a diachronic tool aimed at promoting semiotic connection processes during the different phases of the therapeutic path, the authors constructed an ad hoc narrative interview to explore the meaning-making processes of 10 breast cancer patients below 50 years old during three turning-point phases: pre-hospitalization (T1); postoperative counseling (T2); and adjuvant therapy (T3). The research took place at National Cancer Institute Pascale of Naples. Through an ad hoc qualitative methodology, this study identifies the prevailing modes with which the five narrative meaning-making functions are articulated in the repeated narrative during the three phases. Results The findings capture the patterns of change of narrative meaning-making markers during the illness experience, highlighting both integrated modes of connections between aspects of experience over time and moments of block in specific critical phases for women under 50. Conclusions From a clinical health psychology point of view the results suggest the promotion of integration between the synchrony of the medical path and the diachrony of the subjective experience of women to support resources for adapting to experience.

The study was aimed at assessing the influence of urban informal settlement on trace element accumulation in road dust from the Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa, and their possible health implications. The concentration of major and trace elements was determined using the wavelength dispersive XRF method. The major elements in descending order were SiO2 (72.76%), Al2O3 (6.90%), Fe2O3 (3.88%), CaO (2.71%), K2O (1.56%), Na2O (0.99%), MgO (0.94%), MnO (0.57%), TiO2 (0.40%), and P2O5 (0.16%), with SiO2 and P2O5 at above-average shale values. The average mean concentrations of 17 trace elements in decreasing order were Cr (637.4), Ba (625.6), Zn (231.8), Zr (190.2), Sr (120.2), V (69), Rb (66), Cu (61), Ni (49), Pb (30.8), Co (17.4), Y (14.4), Nb (8.6), As (7.2), Sc (5.8), Th (4.58), and U (2.9) mg/kg. Trace elements such as Cr, Cu, Zn, Zr, Ba, and Pb surpassed their average shale values, and only Cr surpassed the South African soil screening values. The assessment of pollution through the geo-accumulation index (Igeo) revealed that road dust was moderately to heavily contaminated by Cr, whereas all other trace elements were categorized as being uncontaminated to moderately contaminated. The contamination factor (CF) exhibited road dust to be very highly contaminated by Cr, moderately contaminated by Zn, Pb, Cu, Zr, and Ba, and lowly contaminated by Co, U, Nb, Ni, As, Y, V, Rb, Sc, Sr, and Th. The pollution load index (PLI) also affirmed that the road dust in this study was very highly polluted by trace elements. Moreover, the results of the enrichment factor (EF) categorized Cr as having a significant degree of enrichment. Zn was elucidated as being minimally enriched, whereas all other trace elements were of natural origin. The results of the non-carcinogenic risk assessment revealed a possibility of non-carcinogenic risks to both children and adults. For the carcinogenic risk, the total CR values in children and adults were above the acceptable limit, signifying a likelihood of carcinogenic risk to the local inhabitants. From the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the levels of trace elements in the road dust of this informal settlement had the possibility to contribute to both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks, and that children were at a higher risk than the adult population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-assembly of misfolded proteins into ordered fibrillar aggregates known as amyloid results in various human diseases. However, more and more proteins, whether in human body or in food, have been found to be able to form amyloid fibrils with in-depth researches. As a model protein for amyloid research, lysozyme has always been the focus of research in various fields. Firstly, the formation mechanisms of amyloid fibrils are discussed concisely. Researches on the regulation of lysozyme amyloid fibrils are helpful to find suitable therapeutic drugs and unfriendly substances. And this review article summarizes a number of exogenous substances including small molecules, nanoparticles, macromolecules, and polymers. Small molecules are mainly connected to lysozyme through hydrophobic interaction, electrostatic interaction, π-π interaction, van der Waals force and hydrogen bond. Nanoparticles inhibit the formation of amyloid fibers by stabilizing lysozyme and fixing β-sheet. Besides, the applications of lysozyme amyloid fibrils in food-related fields are considered furtherly due to outstanding physical and mechanical properties. Nevertheless, the potential health threats are still worthy of our attention. Finally, we also give suggestions and opinions on the future research direction of lysozyme amyloid fibrils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wild animals are captured or taken opportunistically, and the meat, body parts, and/or eggs are consumed for local subsistence or used for traditional purposes to some extent across most of the world, particularly in the tropics and subtropics. The consumption of aquatic animals is widespread, in some places has been sustained for millennia, and can be an important source of nutrition, income, and cultural identity to communities. Yet, economic opportunities to exploit wildlife at higher levels have led to unsustainable exploitation of some species. In the literature, there has been limited focus on the exploitation of aquatic non-fish animals for food and other purposes. Understanding the scope and potential threat of aquatic wild meat exploitation is an important first step toward appropriate inclusion on the international policy and conservation management agenda. Here, we conduct a review of the literature, and present an overview of the contemporary use of aquatic megafauna (cetaceans, sirenians, chelonians, and crocodylians) in the global tropics and subtropics, for species listed on the Appendices of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS). We find that consumption of aquatic megafauna is widespread in coastal regions, although to varying degrees, and that some species are likely to be at risk from overexploitation, particularly riverine megafauna. Finally, we provide recommendations for CMS in the context of the mandate of the Aquatic Wild Meat Working Group.

Perioperative nurses, including perianaesthesia, instrument and circulating nurses, stand for most of their shift -- anywhere from one to eight hours at a time. This prolonged standing has been linked to negative effects on health, increasing the incidence of musculoskeletal disorders, such as lower back pain and neck pain, and cardiovascular diseases, such as oedema, varicose veins and venous pooling. Given the impact these workplace injuries have on nurses, and on workplaces through financial costs associated with sick leave and/or workers compensation claims, surely prevention would be better than cure. While limited research exists to categorically suggest what prevention strategies are best, several options are available for consideration. The use of anti-fatigue mats has been associated with lower incidence of back pain. It is suggested that perioperative nurses consider using sit--stand stools, if available, and compression socks at 15--20 mmHg, if standing in a static position for long periods. Proper posture while standing -- described as a neutral pelvis, natural thoracic curvature, flat abdomen, aligned shoulder, hip and ankles and an erect head -- can assist in preventing disorders associated with prolonged standing. A combination of stretching and strength training for perioperative staff can help improve musculoskeletal symptoms experienced due to poor posture and tension, and the introduction of microbreaks has also seen improvements in concentration and comfort while reducing fatigue and discomfort. This paper will discuss the health effects of prolonged standing and provide information about ergonomic interventions, compression socks or stockings, stretching programs and microbreaks for perioperative nursing teams to consider. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]