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During summer season, increase in the environmental temperature in the subtropical regions of Pakistan is negatively affecting the performance of dairy animals. The study objective was to determine the effect of ambient management (90 days) on productive and physiological performance of lactating Sahiwal cows during hot dry summer season. Fifteen lactating cows during the early lactation stage, having similar parity (3), daily milk production (6.2 l), were randomly allocated to three treatments, 5 cows each, i.e., (1) kept under roof shade only, (2) provision of fans along with roof shade, and (3) provision of roof shade, fans, and sprinklers designated as S, SF, and SFS, respectively. The fans were of 360-rpm capacity and showers were on for 40 min after every 90-min interval from 9:00 to 21:00 h. THI values were 81.1 ± 0.7, 80.5 ± 0.7, and 77.7 ± 0.4 under S, SF, and SFS treatments, respectively. Cows were milked twice daily. Respiration rate (RR) and rectal temperature (RT) data were collected at 14:00 h on daily basis. The daily milk production was significantly higher in cows under SF (7.9 ± 1 kg) followed by SFS (6.9 ± 1.2 kg) and S (6.1 ± 0.9 kg) treatments. The mean RT (101.0 ± 0.04 °F) was significantly lower in cows under SFS than that on SF and S treatments and similarly mean RR was also lower (21.2 breaths/min) in cows under SFS followed by SF and S treatments. It is concluded that milk production and physiological performance in Sahiwal cows can be improved by fan-assisted ventilation during hot dry summer in subtropical regions.

The financial system governing over the spouses may be divided into conventional and legal categories where the conventional system is caused by agreement due to will of spouses as well as the principle of free will; of course, there is not free will in determination of financial relations among the spouses in Iranian and British laws for marriage as it exists in other contracts and this is also because of the certain sensitivity that is enforced by the legislator regarding this subject. The legal system that governs over the relations between spouses may be employed where there is no agreement among the spouses and/ or the existing agreement is assumed void legally. The legal system includes several types either of which possesses certain conditions and effects but what it has been accepted by Islam from the beginning and Iranian law since the date of existence as well as in British law since several decade ago is concerned with financial independence of the married woman (separation of properties), which include many advantages and at the same time it suffers from some disadvantages, which can be resolved by means of legal awards, case law as well as certain powers in the courts concerning to adjustment of financial rights for the spouses. However, properties separation system is the acceptable financial system currently in British and Iranian laws; this does not bar spouses? agreement for joint investment and the granting gift by either of them and other agreement within legal limits.

The automobile consumer protection Act (2007) has exerted much effort to establish a special protection for auto consumers. This paper deals with the various dimensions of this Act including bases and scopes of auto dealers' tort liability ,as well as concept, essence and cases of auto defect, consumer information, promotion, recalls, proceeding and so on. The results and conclusion of this paper indicate that the above_ mentioned Act has not satisfied the expectations and moreover the protections for consumers are limited to special cases concerning the guarantee period. Therefore, many other significant issues have been disregarded