Search

The objective of the article is to analyze the legal basis for interaction between local and state authorities within the framework of the current constitution of the Republic of Iraq. At the methodological level, documentary observation was used. In recent years, after the transition to a new political regime in Iraq in 2003, many issues relating to local administrations and their interaction with state bodies have been identified and enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of Iraq in 2005. Some of the most serious problems are the lack of a clear organization of relations between government bodies and local governments, the efficiency problems of the various authorities, as well as the lack of flexible solutions in legislation and the Constitution. The need to solve these problems is often manifested at all levels. At the same time, we find no real decisions that do not cause popular discontent in all Iraqi provinces, especially in Basra province. It is concluded that relations between regional and national authorities are mediated by the presence of bureaucracy, financial and administrative corruption administrative and political conflicts between political parties.

The aim of article was to discuss the philosophy of private deterrence under Iraq's penal code. The methodology adopted was the inductive approach, which helps to extrapolate legal texts with this study and the jurisprudence of legal jurists. The Legislator applies to the threat with punishment the harm and pain that will be inflicted on them if the crime is eaten by law, what is known as public deterrence speech. For its part, the special deterrent will be responsible for reforming the meaning and morality of the offender, following various means provided by the legislature and designing a method of education of the deprived of liberty, allowing them the voluntary work determined by the conditions of each penance conditions or even by the subsequent formal and informal reintegration mechanisms of ex-convictions. It is concluded that these methods and others can contribute significantly to the achievement of the deterrence objectives, which is to reform and evaluate the offender's conduct according to criminal gravity on a case-by-case basis.

The aim of this research was to analyze the integration of the Republic of Iraq into international environmental conventions, including the Convention on Biological Diversity. The method of this research was comparative and is based on legal documentation. our finding show that the international environmental agreement would be a great incentive for the enactment of national laws on the conservation of natural resources, as well as the creation of ecological cultures in all state institutions and civil society., El objetivo de esta investigación fue estudiar la integración de la República de Irak en las convenciones ambientales internacionales, incluido el Convenio sobre la Diversidad Biológica. El método de esta investigación fue comparativo y se basa en documentación legal. Nuestro hallazgo demuestra que el acuerdo ambiental internacional sería un gran incentivo para la promulgación de leyes nacionales sobre la conservación de los recursos naturales, así como para la creación de culturas ecológicas en todas las instituciones estatales y la sociedad civil.