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Durum wheat grains (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum) are the main source for the production of pasta, bread and a variety of products consumed worldwide. The quality of pasta is mainly defined by the rheological properties of gluten, an elastic network in wheat endosperms formed of gliadins and glutenins. In this study, the allelic variation at five glutenin loci was analysed in 196 durum wheat genotypes. Two loci (Glu-A1 and Glu-B1), encoding for high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS), and three loci (Glu-B2, Glu-A3 and Glu-B3), encoding for low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS), were assessed by SDS-PAGE. The SDS-sedimentation test was used and the grain protein content was evaluated. A total of 32 glutenin subunits and 41 glutenin haplotypes were identified. Four novel alleles were detected. Fifteen haplotypes represented 85.7% of glutenin loci variability. Some haplotypes carrying the 7 + 15 and 7 + 22 banding patterns at Glu-B1 showed a high gluten strength similar to those that carried the 7 + 8 or 6 + 8 alleles. A decreasing trend in grain protein content was observed over the last 85 years. Allelic frequencies at the three main loci (Glu-B1, Glu-A3 and Glu-B3) changed over the 1915–2020 period. Gluten strength increased from 1970 to 2020 coinciding with the allelic changes observed. These results offer valuable information for glutenin haplotype-based selection for use in breeding programs. EEA Barrow Fil: Roncallo, Pablo F. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; Argentina Fil: Roncallo, Pablo F. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; Argentina Fil: Guzmán, Carlos. Universidad de Córdoba. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes. Departamento de Genética; España Fil: Larsen, Adelina Olga. Compañía Molinera del Sur; Argentina Fil: Achilli, Ana Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; Argentina Fil: Achilli, Ana Laura. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; Argentina Fil: Dreisigacker, Susanne. International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT). Global Wheat Program; México Fil: Molfese, Elena Rosa. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Barrow; Argentina Fil: Astiz, Valentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Cesareo Naredo; Argentina Fil: Echenique, Carmen Viviana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; Argentina Fil: Echenique, Carmen Viviana. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; Argentina

A new hard wheat cultivar ‘Sachikaori’ registered in 2014 was jointly developed by three NARO Institutes including National Institute of Crop Science, Western Region Agricultural Research Center and Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center. This cultivar was selected from a cross between ‘Saikai 174’ and ‘Chukei 05-44’.‘Sachikaori’ is an awned, white-glumed, red-seed spring type wheat cultivar. Compared with the ‘Minaminokaori‘ which is the leading cultivar of bread-quality wheat in Kyushu region, ‘Sachikaori’ is approximately 5cm shorter culm length and mature earlier ordinarily by three days. The grain yield of ‘Sachikaori’ is approximately 10% higher than that of ‘Minaminokaori’. ‘Sachikaori’ is considered to be well adapted to plain farm areas of western Japan.The protein contents of the grain and flour tend to be lower than those of ‘Minaminokaori’, which would be ascribed to its high grain yield. ‘Sachikaori’ has Pina-D1b, resulting in higher grain hardness index compared to that of Minaminokaori’. The French bread-making quality score of ‘Sachikaori’ is higher than that of ‘Minaminokaori’., 小麦新品種「さちかおり」は，農研機構作物研究所，近畿中国四国農業研究センター，及び九州沖縄農業研究センターの連携により半数体育種法により選抜・育成された硬質小麦品種である。2009 年度に 3 場所で生産力検定試験等を実施したところ，九州沖縄農業研究センターでの成績が良好であったことから，以降は同センターで育成を継続，2014年 12月に品種登録出願し，2018 年 2 月に品種登録された（登録番号 26589 号）。「ミナミノカオリ」と比較して以下のような特徴がある。播性の程度はⅡの春播性で，出穂期と成熟期は３日程度早い早生種である。稈長は短く，倒伏程度は同等で耐倒伏性がある。穂数がやや多くやや多収であり，容積重が大きく，千粒重は小さい。外観品質は優れる。穂発芽性はやや難，縞萎縮Ⅰ型抵抗性はやや強，うどんこ病抵抗性は中，赤さび病および赤かび病抵抗性はやや弱 である。原粒のタンパク質および灰分含量は少ないが，穀粒硬度は高い。60% 歩留の粉のアミロース含量はやや低く，生地の力は準強力的である。フランスパン加工適性が有り，体積が大きく，焼き色が濃い。「さちかおり」は，暖地・温暖地向けのフランスパン加工適性が優れた小麦品種として，2017 年播種から佐賀県において一般栽培が開始された。

Background: Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum Desf. Husn) is the main staple crop used to make pasta products worldwide. Under the current climate change scenarios, genetic variability within a crop plays a crucial role in the successful release of new varieties with high yields and wide crop adaptation. In this study we evaluated a durum wheat collection consisting of 197 genotypes that mainly comprised a historical set of Argentinian germplasm but also included worldwide accessions. Results: We assessed the genetic diversity, population structure and linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns in this collection using a 35 K SNP array. The level of polymorphism was considered, taking account of the frequent and rare allelic variants. A total of 1547 polymorphic SNPs was located within annotated genes. Genetic diversity in the germplasm collection increased slightly from 1915 to 2010. However, a reduction in genetic diversity using SNPs with rare allelic variants was observed after 1979. However, larger numbers of rare private alleles were observed in the 2000–2009 period, indicating that a high reservoir of rare alleles is still present among the recent germplasm in a very low frequency. The percentage of pairwise loci in LD in the durum genome was low (13.4%) in our collection. Overall LD and the high (r2 > 0.7) or complete (r2 = 1) LD presented different patterns in the chromosomes. The LD increased over three main breeding periods (1915–1979, 1980–1999 and 2000–2020). Conclusions: Our results suggest that breeding and selection have impacted differently on the A and B genomes, particularly on chromosome 6A and 2A. The collection was structured in five sub-populations and modern Argentinian accessions (cluster Q4) which were clearly differentiated. Our study contributes to the understanding of the complexity of Argentinian durum wheat germplasm and to derive future breeding strategies enhancing the use of genetic diversity in a more efficient and targeted way. Fil: Roncallo, Pablo Federico. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía; Argentina Fil: Larsen, Adelina Olga. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Barrow; Argentina Fil: Achilli, Ana Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía; Argentina Fil: Saint Pierre, Carolina. Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo; México Fil: Gallo, Cristian Andrés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía; Argentina Fil: Dreisigacker, Susanne. Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo; México Fil: Echenique, Carmen Viviana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía; Argentina

The granulation step determines the production yield and the final characteristics of the agglomerated couscous grains of durum wheat. The objective of the present work was to explore the capability of the fluidised bed technology to produce agglomerates of durum wheat semolina. The impacts of different processing conditions have been investigated on the structure and functional properties of the agglomerates. The size, shape, water content, compactness, and mechanical strength of the granules were measured. The fluidized bed agglomeration process has been found to produce agglomerates of durum wheat with different attributes compared to those produced by granulation using the low shear mixers. The results were discussed in regard to the hydro-textural approach, in order to get a better understanding of the mechanisms and relationships between process, structure, and properties. Two major agglomeration mechanisms contribute to the growth of the wet agglomerates: a fractal-structuring process followed by a phenomenon of densification. By studying the evolution of the compactness, diameter and water content, it was demonstrated that inter granular arrangements led to an expansion followed by a densification of the wet agglomerates. A relationship was proposed to describe the growth using a fluidized bed of the wet agglomerates of durum wheat semolina.

Leaf rust is responsible for significant wheat yield losses. Its occurrence and severity have increased in recent years, partly because of warmer climate. It is therefore critical to understand and anticipate the effects of climate change on leaf rust. Direct climate effects and indirect effects via host plants that provide a biophysical environment for disease development were both considered. The coupled STICS-MILA model simulates both crop and pathogen dynamics in a mechanistic way and their interaction is managed by two sub-models: one calculating the microclimate within the canopy and the other converting numbers of spores and lesions to affected surfaces. In this study, STICS-MILA was first calibrated and evaluated using leaf rust severity observed at various sites in France for multiple years. STICS-MILA was then run on three contrasting French sites under 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5 RCP future climate scenarios. Results focused firstly on changes in disease earliness and intensity, secondly on disease dynamics, particularly the synchronism between plant and disease developments, and finally on elementary epidemic processes. The calibration and evaluation of STICS-MILA revealed a high sensitivity to the initial amount of primary inoculum (a forcing variable in STICS-MILA) and thus the need to properly simulate the summering and overwintering pathogen survival. The simulations in the context of future climate showed a significant change in host-pathogen synchronism: in the far future, according to RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios, disease onset is expected to occur not only with an advance of around one month but also at an earlier developmental stage of wheat crops. This positive effect results from rising temperatures, nevertheless partly counter-balanced during spring by lower wetness frequency. The crop growth accelerates during juvenile stages, providing a greater support for disease development. The resulting microclimate shortens latency periods and increases infection and sporulation efficiencies, thus causing more infectious cycles. An increase of final disease severity is thus forecasted with climate change.

「せときらら」は，近畿中国四国農業研究センター（現：西日本農業研究センター）において，日本めん用小麦「ふくほのか」に，製パン性を改善するPinb-D1c，Glu-D1d，Glu-B3h の３遺伝子を導入し，DNAマーカーと戻し交配によって選抜・育成した 小麦品種である．2012 年 11 月に品種登録出願し，2014年５月２日に品種登録された（登録番号第23408 号）．播性の程度はIの春播型で，出穂期は「ふくほのか」より１日早く，成熟期は１日遅い“やや早”で，穂発芽性は“難”，赤かび病抵抗性は“中”で「ふくほのか」や「農林61号」と同程度である．縞萎縮病抵抗性は“中”で「ふくほのか」と同程度で「農林61 号」より強い．うどんこ病抵抗性は“弱”，赤さび病抵抗性は“強”で，いずれも「ふくほのか」と同程度である．収量性は“多”で「ふくほのか」と同程度で「農林61号」よりやや多い．粒の硬軟は“硬”の硬質小麦である．製粉歩留は“やや高”，ミリングスコアは“高”で「ふくほのか」と同程度であり，「農林61号」より優れる．蛋白質含有率は「ふくほのか」や「農林61号」と同程度である．吸水率とバロリメーターバリュウは日本めん用小麦の「ふくほのか」や「農林61号」より高く，パン用小麦の「ニシノカオリ」と同程度である．アミロース含量は“やや少”のやや低アミロース品種である．製パン性の評価は，小麦粉の蛋白質含有率が低い場合は，「ニシノカオリ」よりやや優れる程度であったが，蛋白質含有率が11.5 ％と高い場合は，輸入小麦銘柄の1CWに近い評価であった．「せときらら」の栽培適地は温暖地・暖地の低地で，2013 年に山口県で奨励品種に採用された．栽培にあたっては，多収のため蛋白質が低くなりがちなので，パン・中華めん用の品質ランク区分のタンパク基準値に適合するように実肥を施用する必要がある．, A new hard wheat cultivar‘Setokirara’was developed by Western Region Agricultural Research Center and registered in 2014. It was bred using a back cross method. A soft wheat cultivar ‘Fukuhonoka’which shows good white salted noodle quality and high yield was used as a recurrent parent. Three genes, Pinb-D1c resulting in hard grain texture, Glu-D1d increasing gluten strength and Glu-B3h increasing gluten extensibility, were introduced by backcrossing eight times using DNA markers.Agronomic characters of‘Setokirara’are similar to those of‘Fukuhonoka’which shows early maturity, resistance to pre-harvest sprouting and scab, and high yield. The date of maturing of ‘Setokirara’is two days earlier than that of‘Norin 61’. The mean grain yield of‘Setokirara’is 10% higher than that of‘Norin 61’and 40% higher than that of‘Nishinokaori’. The protein contents of grain and flour tend to be lower than those of‘Nishinokaori’due to the high grain yield. Using flour with high protein content, the bread making quality of‘Setokirara’is comparable to that of No.1 Canada Western Red Spring. It should be noted that the cultivation of‘Setokirara’needs a top dress application of nitrogen fertilizer around flowering time to increase the grain protein content.‘Setokirara’is well adapted to lowland areas of western Japan. It was released and became a recommended cultivar in Yamaguchi prefecture in 2013.

En Tunisie, la culture de blé dur en irrigué est pratiquée sur une superficie moyenne annuelle de 48 700 ha, soit environ les deux tiers des superficies céréalières conduites en irrigué. Elle produit en moyenne 180 000 t, soit 20 % de la production nationale de blé dur. Cependant, les rendements réalisés restent toujours en dessous des attentes avec une faible productivité, particulièrement celle de la ressource en eau. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif de ce travail est d’élaborer un diagnostic opérationnel de fonctionnement des exploitations céréalières irriguées et de mettre en exergue les principaux leviers d’amélioration des performances de la culture du blé dur. Pour ce faire, des enquêtes de terrain ont été menées auprès d’un échantillon de 698 céréaliculteurs. Les données recueillies ont permis d’élaborer une typologie de fonctionnement et d’analyser les performances de la culture du blé dur. Trois systèmes de production types ont été identifiés : un système monocultural basé sur la culture du blé dur, un système diversifié à orientation céréalière et un système diversifié à orientation maraîchère. L’analyse des performances a révélé une disparité nette entre deux niveaux de performance distincts pour chaque système de production. In Tunisia, irrigated durum wheat is grown on an average annual area of 48 700 ha, which represents two-thirds of the irrigated cereal area. It produces an average of 180 000 t, or 20% of national durum wheat production. However, the yields achieved are still below expectations with low productivity, particularly of water resources. In this context, this work aims to draw up an operational diagnosis of the irrigated cereal farms and to highlight the main levers for improving the performance of the durum wheat crop. To this end, field surveys were conducted with a sample of 698 grain farmers. The data collected made it possible to develop a typology of farming systems and to analyze the performance of the durum wheat cultivation activity. Three types of farming systems were identified: A monocultural system based on durum wheat cropping, a diversified cereal-oriented system and a diversified horticulture-oriented system. Performance analysis revealed a clear disparity between two distinct performance levels for each farming system.

International audience; The present bulletin is a general outlook on the cereal harvest in the Mediterranean region . It provides early qualitative forecasting of the 2020 harvest on three cereals crops: Soft wheat, durum wheat and barley. The first bulletin provides an assessment of the situation at the end of March will be followed by a second assessment of the situation at the end of April and published in June.

International audience; The present bulletin is a general outlook on the cereal harvest in the Mediterranean region. It provides early qualitative forecasting of the 2020 cereal campaign, with a particular focus on soft wheat, durum wheat and barley. This is the final update which provides an assessment of thesituation at mid-June.

International audience; The present bulletin is a general outlook on the cereal harvest in the Mediterranean region . It provides early qualitative forecasting of the 2020 cereal campaign, with a particular focus on soft wheat, durum wheat and barley. The second bulletin provides an assessment of the situation at the end of April. It will be followed by a last update in June.

International audience; In Tunisia, the development of the irrigation within the water scarcity context, remains one of the crucial issues of agricultural activity. The phenomenon of climate change is likely to make the problematic while threatening the country's food security. Thus, water use efficiency is essential to overcome these constraints and to preserve productive and sustainable agricultural activity. This work aims to optimize the water irrigation use and to increase the production of the durum wheat (DW) through improving irrigation practices. For this, a field survey was carried out with a sample of 43 farms from the Siliana region. In order to collect the required data, we have focused on the DW activity during the agricultural compain of 2015 in terms of the applied doses of water and fertilisers as well as the crop rotation. . Using CROPSYST, a crop model has been developed. The model was calibrated and validated to replicate the DW activity during three consecutive crop years 2015, 2016 and 2017. Three strategies of varied mix in terms water irrigation and fertilizers doses were simulated, The results showed the improvement of the yield by 9% that allowed an improvement of the water productivity up to 8.2 kgha-1mm-1. Given these results the Gross Margin may increase by 3% up to 11%.

Debranning kinetics of precooked [i]durum wheat[/i]. 19. ICC conference ICC2019

International audience; High molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) are well-known to directly influence the bread wheat quality. In a previous paper, our group reported the replacement of the locus Glu-A1 by the locus Glu-D1allele Glu-D1a encoding the HMW-GS (2-12)in a partial isohomoeoallelic lines of the French bread wheat variety cv. Courtot. We plan to exploit the novel translocated 1AS.1AL-1DL chromosome in durum wheat in order to develop durum lines presenting novel properties. The translocated chromosome was first introduced into durum wheat. However, as the distal translocated 1DL segment represents 25% (i.e., 84Mb) of the recombinant 1AL length, it appeared worthwhile to shorten it through homoeologous recombination induced by the ph1c mutation. Two rounds of recombination were made. The shortest interstitial 1DL segment detected through SNP genotyping measured 9.19Mb and could not be visualized by genomic in situ hybridization. Such reduced transfer not previously achieved hitherto provides regularity of the meiotic pairing and will allow the use of those subunits absent in durum wheat species for direct exploitability in breeding

National audience; Le système racinaire constitue la partie invisible des plantes mais il joue néanmoins un rôleprimordial dans leur développement. C’est par le système racinaire que la plante va prélever deséléments qui sont indispensables à sa survie, et c’est donc, au moins en partie, les caractéristiques dece système racinaire qui vont lui permettre de résister à des stress abiotiques. Il a été notammentmontré que des caractères liés à l’architecture racinaire pouvaient être responsables d’une meilleuretolérance à des stress hydriques. Le projet FSOV ArchiRac vise à caractériser un grand nombre devariétés élites et de diversité de blé tendre et de blé dur pour leur architecture racinaire grâce à desexpérimentations en plateforme de phénotypage haut-débit 4PMI (Jeudy et al., 2016). Les mesuresréalisées sur cette plateforme seront confrontées à des mesures d’architecture racinaire réalisées auchamp dans des conditions optimales ou de stress hydriques, et à des mesures de caractèresagronomiques dans le réseau d’essais du projet BreedWheat. Des analyses de génétique d’associationet de prédiction génomique seront réalisées pour détecter des QTLs d’intérêt et calibrer des équationsde prédiction de manière à valoriser ces résultats en sélection. Les premiers résultats sont prometteurset illustrent la grande variabilité phénotypique disponible sur ce matériel.

This study evaluated the simultaneous effect on pasta structure of the enrichment in faba bean flour (from 0 to 100%) and the use of low temperature drying (LT, 55 °C) instead of very high temperature drying (VHT, 90 °C). The structural changes induced were studied at different scales (from the macroscopic to the molecular scales) with a focus on the pasta protein matrix. Their repercussions on the in-vitro digestibility of starch and proteins were determined. In addition, the variation in protein metabolism and glycemic index caused by the modification of the pasta formulation and process was evaluated on rat models for protein metabolism, and on human volunteers for the glycemic index.; Ce travail s’intéresse à l’évaluation simultanée de l’effet de l’enrichissement en farine de légumineuse (notamment de fèverole, à un taux allant de 0 à 100 %) et de l’augmentation des températures de séchage (55 °C-basse température, BT/90 °C-très haute température, THT) de pâtes sur la modification de leur structure et plus particulièrement celle de leur réseau protéique. Cette modification de structure est étudiée à plusieurs échelles (macroscopique, microscopique et supramoléculaire). Les répercussions sur la digestibilité in-vitro de l’amidon et des protéines sont déterminées. La variation du métabolisme protéique et de l’indice glycémique engendrée par la modification de la composition et du procédé de fabrication des pâtes est évaluée sur modèles rats pour le métabolisme des protéines, et sur volontaires humains pour l’indice glycémique.

International audience; One of the challenges of eco-efficient agriculture is the development of operational farming practices to increase the level of agricultural production, maximize the efficiency of resource use and reduce environmental impacts. Based on the efficiency frontier concept and the decomposition of resource use efficiency, we used a three-quadrant framework allowing to carry a functional analysis of the cropping system. Using a data envelope approach, we established boundary curves which represent the maximum achievable performances (yield, N uptake) when N is the only limiting factor. This framework has been first implemented and tested using published data from 112 agronomic situations of rainfed durum wheat in experimental fields in northern Syria and then further applied on a data set of 245 agronomic situations of durum wheat in farmers’ fields in two grain-producing regions of Tunisia. The results demonstrated the impact of preceding crops: durum wheat following legumes or vegetable showed a higher potential for N uptake but with only a minor effect on its conversion into grains. This positive effect of diversified rotation on potential N uptake by durum wheat is partly of-set by increased N uptake gaps in farmer’s fields indicating a higher effect of other limiting factors.

Towards the positional cloning of genes controlling zinc and iron content in durum wheat grain. EUCARPIA cereal section / IWIW2 meetings

Durum wheat culture usually requires large amount of nitrogenous fertilizers to achieve sufficient vitreousness, protein concentration, semolina yields and pasta quality. The objective of this study, which is part of the ANR DURDUR project (2013-2017), is to evaluate the impact of conventional and innovative field pratices on grain quality, semolina and pasta processing. Thus, 35 durum wheat batches were produced both in conventional and innovative practices from three sites for two harvested years. Characterization of samples was performed with “classical” technological criteria on grains and on samples processed with a semi-industrial pilot mill. Durum wheat samples displaying a protein content above 11.3%, a vitreousness higher than 60% and a hardness below 8 (evaluate by the particle size index, PSI), were used to study the milling behavior. Grain ash content, specific weight and thousand kernel weight are indicators of the extraction rate. However, semolina, flour and bran proportions are not explained by these factors. Some fractions were selected to recreate mixtures, with a define particle size distribution and contrasted protein contents, in order to study the relationship between technological indicators and the semolina quality. Protein content is confirmed as a determinant parameter for the pasta viscoelastic behavior, but only up to a threshold of 12% protein content.; La culture du blé dur nécessite généralement des quantités importantes de fertilisants azotés pour atteindre des niveaux satisfaisants de vitrosité, de teneur en protéines des grains, des rendements semouliers élevés et in fine des pâtes de qualité. Notre objectif, qui s’inscrit dans le projet ANR DURDUR (2013-2017), est d’évaluer l’impact de différents itinéraires techniques agronomiques sur la qualité des grains et des produits semouliers et pastiers. Ainsi, 35 lots de blés durs ont été produits selon des itinéraires techniques innovants, avec une réduction d’intrants comparativement aux références actuelles. Ces lots ont été produits au cours de deux années de cultures sur 2 pédo-climats (Sud-Est et Sud-Ouest de la France). Ces lots ont été analysés selon des critères technologiques « classiques » mesurés sur les grains ou sur les produits transformés sur un moulin pilote à échelle semi-industrielle. Les lots présentant plus de 11,3% de protéines, une vitrosité de 60% et une dureté inférieure à 8 selon la classification du Particle Size Index (PSI) ont été utilisés pour étudier le comportement à la mouture des grains. La teneur en cendres des grains, le poids spécifique (PS) et le poids de mille grains (PMG) sont dans ce cas des indicateurs du taux d’extraction mais les liens protéines-vitrosité-dureté et pourcentage de semoules ne sont plus significatifs. Certaines fractions ont été sélectionnées pour recréer des mélanges proches en granulométrie et contrastés en teneurs en protéines afin d’étudier le lien entre indicateurs technologiques et qualité des semoules transformées en pâtes. Nos résultats confirment que le taux de protéines des semoules est un facteur déterminant de l’indice de viscoélasticité des pâtes, mais seulement jusqu’à un seuil de 12% de protéines au-delà duquel il n’y a plus d'effet significatif de la teneur en protéines sur la qualité technologique des pâtes alimentaires.

Цель. Анализ распространённости вредителей и выявление устойчивого селекционного материала яровой твёрдой пшеницы в степной зоне оренбургского Предуралья. Материалы и методы. Энтомологические обследования проводили в питомнике конкурсного сортоиспытания 2014-2018 гг. по общепринятым методикам. Результаты. В условиях степи Оренбуржья большой вред посевам яровой твёрдой пшеницы наносят шведская муха, клоп вредная черепашка, хлебный жук кузька. Исследования выявили, что на распространённость вредителей и их вредоносность сильное влияние оказывают погодные условия периода вегетации растений пшеницы. Заселённость посевов шведской мухой в благоприятные для развития вредителя годы достигает 50-60%, а доля повреждённых растений составляет 19-27%. Численность клопа черепашки была на уровне 2,0-2,1 экземпляров на 1 квадратный метр, количество повреждённых растений – 0,67-0,71% . Распространённость жука кузьки в фазу молочной спелости доходит до 5-10 экземпляров на 1 кв. метр, количество повреждённых растений – 15-30% и степень повреждённости зерна в колосе – 10-35%. При оценке селекционного материала выявлены устойчивые к определённым вредителям формы яровой твёрдой пшеницы. Заключение. Эффективность селекционной работы на адаптивность к условиям степи Оренбургской области зависит от качества исходного материала используемого в гибридизации. Устойчивые к биотическим стресс-факторам внешней среды формы пшеницы являются ценным селекционным материалом. Высокую устойчивость к изученным в опытах вредителям показывает селекционный номер Д-6501. Хлебной полосатой блошкой и клопом вредная черепашка не повреждается селекционный номер Д-6670. На посевах селекционного номера Д-6530 не наблюдалось повреждений хлебной полосатой блошкой, шведской мухой и хлебным жуком-кузькой., Aim. Analysis of pest prevalence and identification of sustainable breeding material of spring durum wheat in the steppe zone of the оrenburg Urals. Materials and methods. Etymological analyses were carried out in a nursery for competitive variety trial according to established methods during the period of 2014-2018. Results. In the conditions of Orenburg steppes spring hard wheat plantings were mostly damaged by Oscinella pusilla, Eurygaster integriceps and Anisoplia austriaca. The research showed that weather conditions during vegetation period of wheat highly influence population of pests and their harmfulness. Colonization of crops by Oscinella pusilla during parasitogenic years reach to 50-60%, while share of damaged plants counts 19-27%. Population of Eurygaster integriceps was at a rate of 2,0-2,1 specimens per 1 square meter, and quantity of damaged plants was 0,67-0,71%. Population of Anisoplia austriaca during milk stage reached to 5-10 specimens per square meter, quantity of damaged plants was 15-30% and damage degree of grain heads was 10-35%. Evaluation of the breeding stock revealed varieties of spring hard wheat resistant to certain pests. Conclusion. Efficiency of breeding operations oriented for adaptability to steppe conditions of the Orenburg region depends on quality of parent material used in hybridization. Varieties of wheat with resistance to biotic environmental stressors are considered as valuable breeding material. High resistance to pests mentioned here is noticed in a selected number D-6501. Cereal striped fleas and corn bugs can’t damage a selective number D-6670. Crops of a selective number D-6530 weren’t damaged by cereal fleas Phyllotreta vittula, Oscinella pusilla and Anisoplia austriaca.

Phénotypage des réponses racinaires du blé dur à l'inoculation par des bactéries diazotrophes. Interactions céréales micro-organismes bénéfiques du sol

Inversing the STICS crop model with remote-sensing-derived leaf area index (LAI) and yield data from the previous crop is used to retrieve some soil permanent properties and crop emergence parameters. Spatialized nitrogen (N) fertilization recommendations are provided to farmers, for the second and third N applications, following the screening of eleven N application rates under a range of possible forthcoming climates, with the objective to maximize of the gross margin while respecting some environmental constraints. As a first field validation, we show (1) the improvement brought by the assimilation of LAI and yield into STICS to simulate crop and soil variables and (2) the interest of site specific application to maximize both the gross margin and the agro-environmental criterion.

Contamination of food crops by cadmium (Cd) is a major concern, particularly for durum wheat, which is widely consumed and which accumulates this toxic metal to a greater extent than bread wheat. Following the assessment of the risks to human health related to the presence of cadmium in foodstuffs, the European Commission intended to reduce the maximum content of Cd in wheat from 0.2 to 0.1 mg/kg grain. France is in the top 5 of European countries for the production of durum wheat and the project of a lower regulation limit for Cd stressed the urgent need i) to characterize the risk that harvests could exceed the new limit, ii) to identify, in the field, the major factors controlling the level of contamination. For that purpose, a specific project 'Cadur' was conducted between 2011 and 2014 in France. Samples of grains were collected in 2011, 2012 and 2013 among farmers of the different areas of production. The median value of Cd in durum wheat grain was 0.07 mg/kg with less than 5% of samples above the 0.2 mg/kg limit but 25% above 0.1 mg/kg (n=244). However, there were strong variations depending on the geographical areas and for some of them, up to 60% of the samples exceeded 0.1 mg Cd /kg. In order to understand the source of these variations, trials crossing cultivars and the areas of production were investigated. The cultivars were estimated to be responsible of 10-25% of the variation of the grain Cd concentration against 60-70% for the location of the culture. The effect of the location was mainly due to the concentration of Cd in the soil and to the soil pH. A statistical model with these two explanatory variables was able to explain 57% of the variability of the Cd concentration in the grains. Some of the durum wheat cultivars commonly grown in France were assessed with respect to their ability to accumulate Cd. It was found that the high:low ratio for the Cd content in grains was around 1.5 when cultivars were grown on the same soils. Contrary to Canadian cultivars, in France, no specific genetic selection has yet been performed to lower the contamination by Cd. Nitrogen fertilization was shown to have a significant effect, both by the dose and by the timing of application, presumably by modifying the mobility of Cd in the soil. Increasing N supply from 200 to 250 kg N/ha increased the Cd in grains by 20% and by 25% if the total N reached 300 kg N/ha. However, if the additional N was applied as two applications including a late one instead of a single dose, the increase in the grain contamination was not significant for a total of 250 kg N/ha. These studies confirm that both the soil conditions (Cd content, pH) and the cultivars are key points for controlling the contamination of durum wheat by Cd. French cultivars have the potential to be genetically selected to improve their ability to exclude Cd from the grain. They also have to be carefully chosen depending on the local bioavailability of Cd in soil, which can be in part, managed by controlling the pH and the nitrogen fertilisation. Funded by the projects 'Cadur', Arvalis-Inra and ANR-15-CE21-0001-04 'Cadon'

Les procédés d’agglomération par sollicitations mécaniques. Application à la structuration de la semoule de blé dur pour la fabrication du couscous. 16. Congrès de la société française de génie des procédés (SFGP 2017)