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Background: The integration of smart glasses with ultrasound technology offers a novel approach to improve the efficiency of radial arterial catheterization. Few studies have investigated the effectiveness of smart glasses in enhancing procedural outcomes in a clinical setting. This study aims to assess whether smart glasses combined with ultrasound can improve the initial success rate of radial artery catheterization compared to traditional ultrasound-guided methods in adults. Methods: This single-blinded, randomized controlled trial enrolled patients aged 18–70 with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-III, who required radial artery catheterization as part of their procedure under general anesthesia. Patients were randomized 1:1 into the ultrasound group and the smart glasses group. Radial arterial catheterization was carried out by one of six anesthesiologists before general anesthesia. The primary endpoint was the first puncture success rate. Secondary endpoints included hand-eye coordination (measured by head rotations, probe repositioning and needle redirections), operator’s satisfaction. Results: A total of 222 patients were analyzed, with the smart glasses group demonstrating a higher rate of first puncture success compared to the control group (88.3% [98/111] vs. 72.1% [80/111]; P = 0.002; relative risk [RR], 1.23; 95% CI (1.07, 1.40)). Hand-eye coordination improved significantly in the smart glasses group than the control group, including: fewer number of head rotations (0 [0, 0] vs. 3 [2, 6]; P < 0.001); fewer number of ultrasound probe repositioning (0 [0, 0] vs. 0 [0, 1]; P < 0.001); fewer number of needle redirections (0 [0, 1] vs. 1 [0, 3]; P < 0.001). The proportion of positive satisfaction (81 to 100 points) in the smart glasses group was higher (89.2% [99/111] vs. 69.4% [77/111]; P < 0.001; RR, 1.29; 95% CI (1.12, 1.48)). Conclusions: The use of smart glasses significantly improved the first puncture success rate, hand-eye coordination ability and operators’ satisfaction in radial arterial catheterization. Trial registration: The study was registered at Chictr.org.cn with the number ChiCTR2400081399 on 29/02/2024. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cognitive and affective impacts of video games are subjects of ongoing debate, with recent research recognizing their potential benefits. This study employs the Gaming Skill Questionnaire (GSQ) to evaluate participants' gaming skills across six genres and overall proficiency. A total of 88 individuals aged 20–40 participated, completing assessments of empathy and six cognitive abilities: verbal short-term memory, verbal working memory, visuospatial short-term memory, visuospatial working memory, psychomotor speed (hand–eye coordination), and attention. Participants' cognitive abilities were examined using the Digit Span Test, Corsi Block Test, and Deary–Liewald Reaction Time Task, while empathy was assessed using the Empathy Quotient Questionnaire. Findings indicate that higher levels of videogaming proficiency are linked to improvements in visuospatial short-term and working memory, psychomotor speed, and attention. Specific genres enhanced particular skills: RPGs were positively associated with both verbal working memory and visuospatial short-term memory, but were negatively associated with empathy; action games improved psychomotor speed and attention; and puzzle games showed a positive relationship with visuospatial working memory. These results add to ongoing research on the cognitive and affective effects of video games, suggesting their potential to enhance specific cognitive functions. They also highlight the complex relationship between video games and empathy. Future research should explore the long-term impacts and genre-specific effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Humans point using their index finger to intuitively communicate distant locations to others. This requires the human sensorimotor system to select an appropriate target location to guide the hand movement. Mid-air pointing gestures have been well studied using small and well defined targets, e.g., numbers on a wall, but how we select a specific location on a more extended 3D object is currently less well understood. Methods: In this study, participants pointed at custom 3D objects ("vases") from different vantage points in virtual reality, allowing to estimate 3D pointing and gaze endpoints. Results: Endpoints were best predicted by an object's center of mass (CoM). Manipulating object meshes to shift the CoM induced corresponding shifts in pointing as well as gaze endpoints. Discussion: Our results suggest that the object CoM plays a major role in guiding eye-hand alignment, at least when pointing to 3D objects in a virtual environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional switching operations require on-site work, and the high voltage generated by arc discharges can pose a risk of injury to the operator. Therefore, a combination of visual servo and robot control is used to localize the switching operation and construct hand–eye calibration equations. The solution to the hand–eye calibration equations is coupled with the rotation matrix and translation vectors, and it depends on the initial value determination. This article presents a convex relaxation global optimization hand–eye calibration algorithm based on dual quaternions. Firstly, the problem model is simplified using the mathematical tools of dual quaternions, and then the linear matrix inequality convex optimization method is used to obtain a rotation matrix with higher accuracy. Afterwards, the calibration equations of the translation vectors are rewritten, and a new objective function is established to solve the coupling influence between them, maintaining positioning precision at approximately 2.9 mm. Considering the impact of noise on the calibration process, Gaussian noise is added to the solutions of the rotation matrix and translation vector to make the data more closely resemble the real scene in order to evaluate the performance of different hand–eye calibration algorithms. Eventually, an experiment comparing different hand–eye calibration methods proves that the proposed algorithm is better than other hand–eye calibration algorithms in terms of calibration accuracy, robustness to noise, and stability, satisfying the accuracy requirements of switching operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of implementing a basketball-specific exercise program using Fitlight technology on the coordinative abilities (reactive coordination, reactive reaction time, and reactive movement combination capacity) of U14 and U16 junior basketball players. This study included 70 male basketball players, 36 subjects U14 and 34 subjects U16, divided into two equal groups for each age category: the experimental group (EG) and the control group (CG). This study included an initial and a final test, between which, training was conducted over a period of 18 weeks. For the EG, the program aimed to develop coordinative abilities through an experimental program that utilized Fitlight technology, while the control groups underwent an identically timed program, but their training did not include the use of technology. Four tests were adapted and applied: the Reactive Reaction Test, Choice Reactive Reaction Test, Reactive Hand–Eye Coordination Test, and a test to evaluate the reactive capacity for combining movements. The results of this study showed statistically significant progress between the initial and final tests for the experimental group, p < 0.05. The Cohen's d values for the experimental groups were above 0.8, indicating a very large effect size, while for the control group, these values were small to medium. The comparative analysis of the experimental groups U14 and U16 and control groups shows statistically significant differences in favor of the experimental groups U14 and U16. This study highlights the effectiveness of implementing specific training programs that use modern technologies in developing coordinative abilities in the training and evaluation process of junior basketball players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the reliability of the hand-eye coordination Software. The integrated control of hand and eye movements, as well as the processing of visual information to support attainment and acquisition and the use of hand proprioception to guide the eyes, are known as hand-eye coordination. Thus, this study aims to determine the reliability of the tests, so the research was conducted thrice with an interval of 6-7 days (testretest). 28 Young Adults (18- 35 years of age) have participated in the study. The analysis includes finger-pointing tasks performed only with the use of Hand-eye coordination software prepared by the Software engineer. In this Software, Visual targets in the form of a ball then appeared on the screen on the left, on the right, or in the center in random order., and participants were asked to point an index finger of the leading hand as rapidly and precisely as possible at all targets on the screen. After touching the target (indicated by its disappearance), the participant immediately placed his/her hand back in the designated starting position (touchpad).Each participant was required to repeat this finger-pointing task. The accuracy value after 1 minute was recorded and the average accuracy value was calculated and used in the analysis A smaller value indicates greater touch accuracy. In addition, the average reaction time (in milliseconds) was also measured. Based on the data analysis, the reliability score is 0.806 (Cronbach's Alpha), which indicates a high level of internal Consistency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionHumans point using their index finger to intuitively communicate distant locations to others. This requires the human sensorimotor system to select an appropriate target location to guide the hand movement. Mid-air pointing gestures have been well studied using small and well defined targets, e.g., numbers on a wall, but how we select a specific location on a more extended 3D object is currently less well understood.MethodsIn this study, participants pointed at custom 3D objects (“vases”) from different vantage points in virtual reality, allowing to estimate 3D pointing and gaze endpoints.ResultsEndpoints were best predicted by an object’s center of mass (CoM). Manipulating object meshes to shift the CoM induced corresponding shifts in pointing as well as gaze endpoints.Discussion:Our results suggest that the object CoM plays a major role in guiding eye-hand alignment, at least when pointing to 3D objects in a virtual environment.

The implementation of VR games opens up a wide range of opportunities for the development of dexterity, speed and precision of movements among various professional groups. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a commercial immersive VR music game on hand–eye coordination and reaction time speed in students. This study enrolled 32 individuals, randomly assigned to the experimental or control group. The intervention consisted of a 15-min training session of the immersive music game “Beat Saber”, once a day for 5 consecutive days. The primary outcomes included reaction time measurements: the plate tapping test and the ruler-drop test (Ditrich's test), trial making test (TMT) A and TMT B to assess coordination and visual attention, likewise VR sickness assessment by Virtual Reality Sickness Questionnaire (VRSQ). The secondary outcome included an energy expenditure assessment (SenseWear Armband). The data analysis revealed a statistically significant improvement in hand–eye coordination in the experimental group, with no improvement in the control group. The results were similar in measurements of reaction time. Analysis of the VRSQ questionnaire results showed a statistically significant reduction in oculomotor domain symptoms and total score during successive training days. The immersive VR music game has the potential to improve reaction time and hand–eye coordination in students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Ultra low vision (ULV) refers to profound visual impairment where an individual cannot read even the top line of letters on an ETDRS chart from a distance of 0.5 m. There are limited tools available to assess visual ability in ULV. The aim of this study was to develop and calibrate a new performance test, Wilmer VRH, to assess hand-eye coordination in individuals with ULV. Methods: A set of 55 activities was developed for presentation in a virtual reality (VR) headset. Activities were grouped into 2-step and 5-step items. Participants performed a range of tasks involving reaching and grasping, stacking, sorting, pointing, throwing, and cutting. Data were collected from 20 healthy volunteers under normal vision (NV) and simulated ULV (sULV) conditions, and from 33 participants with ULV. Data were analyzed using the method of successive dichotomizations (MSD), a polytomous Rasch model, to estimate item (difficulty) and person (ability) measures. MSD was applied separately to 2-step and 5-step performance data, then merged to a single equal interval scale. Results: The mean ±SD of completion rates were 98.6 ± 1.8%, 78.2 ± 12.5% and 61.1 ±34.2% for NV, sULV and ULV, respectively. Item measures ranged from -1.09 to 5.7 logits and - 4.3 to 4.08 logits and person measures ranged from -0.03 to 4.2 logits and -3.5 to 5.2 logits in sULV and ULV groups, respectively. Ninety percent of item infits were within the desired range of [0.5,1.5], and 97% of person infits were within that range. Together with item and person reliabilities of 0.94 and 0.91 respectively, this demonstrates unidimensionality of Wilmer VRH. A Person Item map showed that the items were well-targeted to the sample of individuals with ULV in the study. Discussion: We present the development of a calibrated set of activities in VR that can be used to assess hand-eye coordination in individuals with ULV. This helps bridge a gap in the field by providing a validated outcome measure that can be used in vision restoration trials that recruit people with ULV, and to assess rehabilitation outcomes in people with ULV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous researches have investigated the effects of cognitive rehabilitation and neurological treatments on a wide range of disorders, including learning disorders. The review of the studies shows that few studies have done a comparative study of cognitive rehabilitation and neurological treatments on learning disorders in order to choose the best treatment method. Aims: The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of electrical brain stimulation and cognitive rehabilitation on hand-eye coordination of children with specific learning disorders (dyslexia) aged 7 to 13 years. Method: The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all students with specific learning disorders in districts 7 and 10 of Tehran in 2020. The research samples consisted of 3 subjects, including 2 test groups of 15 people and a control group of 15 people. The data collection tool included hand-eye coordination evaluation test (Fernandes et al, 2013), tdcs device and cognitive rehabilitation program (Maggio, 2019). The instructions for cognitive rehabilitation training consisted of 21 one-hour sessions. Data analysis was performed using multivariate covariance analysis and spss24. Results: The findings of the research showed that the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation on hand-eye coordination of dyslexic students was more than the effectiveness of electrical stimulation of the brain from the skull. Conclusion: The results of this study can help therapists of learning disorders in choosing better treatment options. Also, the results of this study can provide more effective applications of cognitive therapies to professionals

Computer vision-based cyber-physical-social systems (CPSS) are predicted to be the future of independent hand rehabilitation. However, there is a link between hand function and cognition in the elderly that this technology has not adequately supported. To investigate this issue, this paper proposes a multiscopic CPSS framework by developing hand–object interaction (HOI) based on visual attention. First, we use egocentric vision to extract features from hand posture at the microscopic level. With 94.87% testing accuracy, we use three layers of graph neural network (GNN) based on hand skeletal features to categorize 16 grasp postures. Second, we use a mesoscopic active perception ability to validate the HOI with eye tracking in the task-specific reach-to-grasp cycle. With 90.75% testing accuracy, the distance between the fingertips and the center of an object is used as input to a multi-layer gated recurrent unit based on recurrent neural network architecture. Third, we incorporate visual attention into the cognitive ability for classifying multiple objects at the macroscopic level. In two scenarios with four activities, we use GNN with three convolutional layers to categorize some objects. The outcome demonstrates that the system can successfully separate objects based on related activities. Further research and development are expected to support the CPSS application in independent rehabilitation.

Traditional switching operations require on-site work, and the high voltage generated by arc discharges can pose a risk of injury to the operator. Therefore, a combination of visual servo and robot control is used to localize the switching operation and construct hand–eye calibration equations. The solution to the hand–eye calibration equations is coupled with the rotation matrix and translation vectors, and it depends on the initial value determination. This article presents a convex relaxation global optimization hand–eye calibration algorithm based on dual quaternions. Firstly, the problem model is simplified using the mathematical tools of dual quaternions, and then the linear matrix inequality convex optimization method is used to obtain a rotation matrix with higher accuracy. Afterwards, the calibration equations of the translation vectors are rewritten, and a new objective function is established to solve the coupling influence between them, maintaining positioning precision at approximately 2.9 mm. Considering the impact of noise on the calibration process, Gaussian noise is added to the solutions of the rotation matrix and translation vector to make the data more closely resemble the real scene in order to evaluate the performance of different hand–eye calibration algorithms. Eventually, an experiment comparing different hand–eye calibration methods proves that the proposed algorithm is better than other hand–eye calibration algorithms in terms of calibration accuracy, robustness to noise, and stability, satisfying the accuracy requirements of switching operations.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of implementing a basketball-specific exercise program using Fitlight technology on the coordinative abilities (reactive coordination, reactive reaction time, and reactive movement combination capacity) of U14 and U16 junior basketball players. This study included 70 male basketball players, 36 subjects U14 and 34 subjects U16, divided into two equal groups for each age category: the experimental group (EG) and the control group (CG). This study included an initial and a final test, between which, training was conducted over a period of 18 weeks. For the EG, the program aimed to develop coordinative abilities through an experimental program that utilized Fitlight technology, while the control groups underwent an identically timed program, but their training did not include the use of technology. Four tests were adapted and applied: the Reactive Reaction Test, Choice Reactive Reaction Test, Reactive Hand–Eye Coordination Test, and a test to evaluate the reactive capacity for combining movements. The results of this study showed statistically significant progress between the initial and final tests for the experimental group, p < 0.05. The Cohen’s d values for the experimental groups were above 0.8, indicating a very large effect size, while for the control group, these values were small to medium. The comparative analysis of the experimental groups U14 and U16 and control groups shows statistically significant differences in favor of the experimental groups U14 and U16. This study highlights the effectiveness of implementing specific training programs that use modern technologies in developing coordinative abilities in the training and evaluation process of junior basketball players.

IntroductionDeprivation of sleep (DS) has been associated with changes in mood and cognitive function, rapidly but transiently improving the severity of depression symptoms. However, it remains unclear whether there are differences in performance between DS responders and non-responders. The relationship between DS, mood, cognitive, and psychomotor function is also poorly understood.MethodsParticipants (n = 77) underwent a baseline assessment of sleep under the control of polysomnography (PSG). Later they were subjected to DS with actigraphy monitoring. Evaluation of mood as well as completing a battery of tests assessing cognitive functions and eye-hand coordination was conducted four times, pre/post PSG and DS. Participants were further divided into respondents (RE, n = 48) and non-respondents (NR, n = 29) depending on alleviation of depression symptoms severity following DS.ResultsAll participants exhibited increased response speed to visual triggers after DS compared to baseline (p = 0.024). Psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) results remained intact in the RE, whereas it was increased in the NR (p = 0.008). Exposure time in the eye-hand coordination test improved in both groups, but total error duration was reduced only in RE individuals (p

IntroductionUltra low vision (ULV) refers to profound visual impairment where an individual cannot read even the top line of letters on an ETDRS chart from a distance of 0.5 m. There are limited tools available to assess visual ability in ULV. The aim of this study was to develop and calibrate a new performance test, Wilmer VRH, to assess hand-eye coordination in individuals with ULV.MethodsA set of 55 activities was developed for presentation in a virtual reality (VR) headset. Activities were grouped into 2-step and 5-step items. Participants performed a range of tasks involving reaching and grasping, stacking, sorting, pointing, throwing, and cutting. Data were collected from 20 healthy volunteers under normal vision (NV) and simulated ULV (sULV) conditions, and from 33 participants with ULV. Data were analyzed using the method of successive dichotomizations (MSD), a polytomous Rasch model, to estimate item (difficulty) and person (ability) measures. MSD was applied separately to 2-step and 5-step performance data, then merged to a single equal interval scale.ResultsThe mean ±SD of completion rates were 98.6 ± 1.8%, 78.2 ± 12.5% and 61.1 ±34.2% for NV, sULV and ULV, respectively. Item measures ranged from −1.09 to 5.7 logits and − 4.3 to 4.08 logits and person measures ranged from −0.03 to 4.2 logits and −3.5 to 5.2 logits in sULV and ULV groups, respectively. Ninety percent of item infits were within the desired range of [0.5,1.5], and 97% of person infits were within that range. Together with item and person reliabilities of 0.94 and 0.91 respectively, this demonstrates unidimensionality of Wilmer VRH. A Person Item map showed that the items were well-targeted to the sample of individuals with ULV in the study.DiscussionWe present the development of a calibrated set of activities in VR that can be used to assess hand-eye coordination in individuals with ULV. This helps bridge a gap in the field by providing a validated outcome measure that can be used in vision restoration trials that recruit people with ULV, and to assess rehabilitation outcomes in people with ULV.

This article discusses the effect of using a commercial off-the-shelf immersive virtual reality game on engineering students' reaction time, hand-eye coordination, and spatial skills. Fifteen (15) college engineering students in Northern Taiwan were conveniently recruited in a single group. Participants were tasked to play the game for 30 min during the intervention in one day. After the intervention, they were interviewed to explore more about their experiences. The approach showed significant improvement in hand-eye coordination with a large effect size. However, reaction time and spatial skills showed some mean differences, but they were not significant. The findings suggest that the adversary effect of cybersickness can be categorized as none to slight. Qualitative interviews were also conducted to gain better insights and explain the quantitative results. Most participants felt that the activities were fun and engaging. Therefore, it is suggested that the benefits of immersive virtual reality exceed their adverse effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. Our aim was to investigate whether immersive VR training has the potential to improve hand--eye coordination and reaction time in high school students. Methods. A total of 16 Romanian students, aged 17-19, were recruited from a high school in Cluj-Napoca. Subjects from the experimental group participated in the intervention program based on virtual reality, subjects from the control group did not participate in any specific training program. The intervention program had a duration of 12 weeks, biweekly, with 40 minutes each session. The subjects were tested before and after the application of the intervention program. Descriptive statistics and t-test were conducted for comparison of subject characteristics between both groups. Results. A paired samples t-test was performed to compare results in experimental group pre-test and post-test of Alternate-Hand Wall-Toss Test (AHWT) and Deary-Liewald Test. There was a significant difference (p <.05) in AHWT Test between pre-test (M = 24.75, SD = 3.012) and post-test (M = 28.13, SD = 2.696); t = -5.974, p = <.001. An independent sample t-test was performed to compare post-test results of AHWT Test and Deary-Liewald Test between experimental group and control group. There was a significant difference (p <.05) in post-test results of AHWT Test between experimental group (M = 28.13, SD = 2.696) and control group (M = 24.88, SD = 2.900); t= 2.322, p = .018. Conclusions. We can conclude that the virtual reality training can be very good for reducing choice reaction time and for improving hand-eye coordination in high school students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computer vision-based cyber-physical-social systems (CPSS) are predicted to be the future of independent hand rehabilitation. However, there is a link between hand function and cognition in the elderly that this technology has not adequately supported. To investigate this issue, this paper proposes a multiscopic CPSS framework by developing hand--object interaction (HOI) based on visual attention. First, we use egocentric vision to extract features from hand posture at the microscopic level. With 94.87% testing accuracy, we use three layers of graph neural network (GNN) based on hand skeletal features to categorize 16 grasp postures. Second, we use a mesoscopic active perception ability to validate the HOI with eye tracking in the task-specific reach-to-grasp cycle. With 90.75% testing accuracy, the distance between the fingertips and the center of an object is used as input to a multi-layer gated recurrent unit based on recurrent neural network architecture. Third, we incorporate visual attention into the cognitive ability for classifying multiple objects at the macroscopic level. In two scenarios with four activities, we use GNN with three convolutional layers to categorize some objects. The outcome demonstrates that the system can successfully separate objects based on related activities. Further research and development are expected to support the CPSS application in independent rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Service in the game of badminton is an important component of determining the victory in the match. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the coded hands and training methods can influence the success of service in badminton games. The research method used was an experiment using a 2x2 factorial design; the study was conducted by comparing the acquisition of pre-test and post-test results. The subjects of this study were 20 people. According to the analyses of normality and homogeneity, a two-way ANOVA was used to compare variables. The results revealed that there were a significant influence between hand-eye coordination and training methods on service in playing badminton p of 0.000 <0.05. This gives a clue that in the long service accuracy exercise, the application of the target practice method changes more precisely in improving the accuracy of the long service. The changed target training method is proven to be able to have a significant effect in increasing the accuracy of badminton length service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a multiscopic cyber-physical-social system (CPSS) to bridge the gap between independent rehabilitation in physical and cognitive aspects. Specifically, we focus on hand–object interaction (HOI) recognition with visual attention for the block-design test (BDT). The proposed framework utilizes three levels which consist of microscopic, mesoscopic, and macroscopic models. In the microscopic model, a hand-tracking vision captures hand-skeletal data and finger joint angle features, enabling the estimation of physical hand postures. In the mesoscopic model, an egocentric vision with an eye tracker records to hand and eye movements, allowing for the symbolic representation of hand-eye coordination through hand gestures and visual attention focus during the test. An evaluation vision system employs color feature classification in the macroscopic model to determine whether the design matches the given task. Through the first eight designs of WAIS-IV BDT with two scenarios, the system successfully measures human behavior from the physical to the cognitive domain. The experiment involving eight healthy participants investigates the relationship between physical measurement and cognitive evaluation. Regression and correlation analyses between the dominant and non-dominant hands reveal that evaluation indices (task completion time, skewness-kurtosis of hand posture, attention to pattern and blocks) can indicate improvement during BDT. The outcomes of this study have significant implications for clinicians and researchers, providing valuable information that is typically unavailable in clinical settings. The proposed multiscopic CPSS framework holds promise for advancing independent rehabilitation practices. Code and datasets are available online at https://github.com/anom-tmu/bdt-multiscopic.

Objective: Laparoscopic box simulation training is widely recognized as an assessment tool to facilitate psychomotor skills especially for novice surgeons. However, current commercialized training modules including pegs, gauze, clips, pins etc. are generally costly and relatively inaccessible. We introduce a simple and pioneer surgical training drill, the Origami Box Folding Exercise (OBFE), based on the validated evaluating system of objective structured assessment of technical skills (OSATS) constructed with the scoring system of procedure-specific checklist (PSC) and global rating scale (GRS). Materials and methods: Face and content validation of the OBFE and OSATS are evaluated by five endoscopic experts from two medical centers in Taiwan. This is a prospective observational study analyzing the pre-test/post-test result of OBFE from 37 participants in two individual workshops as training and evaluating method for laparoscopic psychomotor skills. Both the pre and post tests are video recorded with a time limit of 5 min graded by two independent evaluators based on the OSATS scoring system. Results: The reliability of PSC, GRS, and intergroup value between PSC and GRS were 0.923, 0.926 and 0.933, respectively. Inter-rater reliability of PSC, GRS, and both were 0.985, 0.932 and 0.977, respectively. Construct validity of PSC and GRS were statistically significant, with p-value 0.006 and 0.001, respectively. Conclusion: OBFE enhances laparoscopic psychomotor skills with requirement of a single piece of paper. The associated OSATS tool for a 5-min OBFE test was validated. OBFE training is an efficient training and assessment system to promote psychomotor skills in laparoscopic box simulation drill which requires simple and economical preparation.

The skill of laying up a basketball is one of the important techniques that plays a role in giving pounds or numbers in the game. Therefore, it is necessary to know aspects related to lay up skills. This study aims to prove the relationship between eye-hand coordination and agility with basketball lay-up skills. In this study, a quantitative descriptive approach was used with the correlation study method. The subjects in this study were male students of class VII SMP St. Francis of Assisi Pontianak, totaling 25 male students. Data analysis in this study was assisted by using SPSS Version 26. Results of eye-hand coordination research with lay-up skills showing a significance value of 0.000 > 0.05, there is a significant relationship between eyehand coordination and lay-up skills in students. agility results with lay-up skills showing a significance value of 0.004 > 0.05, there is a significant relationship between agility and lay-up skills in students. Furthermore, eye-hand coordination and agility with lay-up skills show a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05, so there is a significant relationship. The conclusion is that eye-hand coordination and agility have a significant relationship to lay-up skills in students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In harvesting operations, simulation verification of hand–eye coordination in a virtual canopy is critical for harvesting robot research. More realistic scenarios, vision-based driving motion, and cross-platform interaction information are needed to achieve such simulations, which are very challenging. Current simulations are more focused on path planning operations for consistency scenarios, which are far from satisfying the requirements. To this end, a new approach of visual servo multi-interaction simulation in real scenarios is proposed. In this study, a dual-arm grape harvesting robot in the laboratory is used as an example. To overcome these challenges, a multi-software federation is first proposed to establish their communication and cross-software sending of image information, coordinate information, and control commands. Then, the fruit recognition and positioning algorithm, forward and inverse kinematic model and simulation model are embedded in OpenCV and MATLAB, respectively, to drive the simulation run of the robot in V-REP, thus realizing the multi-interaction simulation of hand–eye coordination in virtual trellis vineyard. Finally, the simulation is verified, and the results show that the average running time of a string-picking simulation system is 6.5 s, and the success rate of accurate picking point grasping reached 83.3%. A complex closed loop of "scene-image recognition-grasping" is formed by data processing and transmission of various information. It can effectively realize the continuous hand–eye coordination multi-interaction simulation of the harvesting robot under the virtual environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Participating in recreational activities froma young age may have the potential enhance psychomotor skills early on, and conversely, low levels of participation in these activities may predict slower development of preclinical hand skills. Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the eye-hand coordination benefits of leisure and reflex-based activities to those of typical instructional techniques among dental students. Data sources: The databases used were PubMed, EBSCOhost, and Scopus. Study selection: Ten articles were selected from a total of 1135 articles found across three databases. Data extraction: The articles were screened by four investigators through a series of steps in accordance to inclusion and exclusion criteria and rid of any duplicates. Data synthesis: The majority of the 10 featured articles were conducted in the United States. All of the research included was cohort observational studies. This systematic review includes a total of 1975 participants fromthe publications selected for this purpose. Results: Manual dexterity may be taught and improved by practice, and tests designed to measure it should be used primarily to pinpoint which students would benefit most from individualized, close supervision during their education. Conclusion: Researchers found that reflex-based activities helped students develop better hand-eye coordination in a classroom setting. However, more precise dental-related tests and questionnaires can always be developed through further study; doing so would yield a wealth of information that would be immensely useful to the dental sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acute effect of different four caffeine mouth rinse intervention (caffeinated coffee, decaffeinated coffee, placebo, control) on attention and hand-eye coordination.

In crowded and cluttered environments, infants can reduce visualclutter by using manual actions to bring objects closer to the eyes,what we refer to as hand-eye coordination. Hand-eye coordinationis therefore hypothesized to be an important ability for controllingand distributing attention. Little is known about how the emergingability to integrate both gaze and manual actions onto objectsimpacts how attention is distributed. Twenty-five infantsparticipated in a naturalistic toy play session that included 24 toys.Overall, infants generated distributions of attention that were right-skewed, reflecting coherence: a composition of selectivity of a fewhighly-frequent toys and exploration of many less-frequent toys. Weobserved that individual differences in hand-eye coordinationimpacted distributions of attention, with infants displaying lowhand-eye coordination having dramatically less coherentdistributions of visual attention during bouts of hand-eyecoordination. These results suggest that hand-eye coordination is acritical pathway for visual attention.

Theories for visually guided action account for online con-trol in the presence of reliable sources of visual information,and predictive control to compensate for visuo-motor delayand temporary occlusion. In this study, we characterize thetemporal relationship between information integration windowand prediction distance using computational models. Subjectswere immersed in a simulated environment and attempted tocatch virtual balls that were transiently “blanked” during flight.Recurrent neural networks were trained to reproduce subjectsgaze and hand movements during blank. The models success-fully predict gaze behavior within 3◦, and hand movementswithin 8.5 cm as far as 500 ms in time, with integration windowas short as 27 ms. Furthermore, we quantified the contributionof each input source of information to motor output throughan ablation study. The model is a proof-of-concept for predic-tion as a discrete mapping between information integrated overtime and a temporally distant motor output.

Technological advancements have rapidly transformed medical education and surgical training, with virtual reality (VR) emerging as a valuable tool. VR offers immersive and interactive environments, enhancing the development of surgical skills without the risks that come with conventional training methods. In this review, we conducted a comprehensive search across PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), considering all relevant publications up to June 30, 2024. This review focused on randomized controlled trials involving medical students, where VR was used alone or in combination with other educational approaches, compared to traditional training methods. Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed the quality of studies using the modified Downs and Black scale. Of 1,074 identified articles, six studies met the inclusion criteria. These studies, conducted in Denmark and Australia, utilized a range of VR platforms, including the Visible Ear Simulator, MediseusVR Surgical Drilling Simulator, and Geomagic Haptic device. Quality assessments showed that the studies generally had strong methodology, with reporting scores between 7 and 8 out of 11, and external validity scores between 2 and 3 out of 3. Results indicated that VR training has the potential to improve hand-eye coordination, spatial awareness, and surgical performance in ENT procedures. However, findings on VR's superiority over traditional methods were mixed, as some studies found no substantial differences in performance metrics. Overall, VR offers a controlled and risk-free training environment that may enhance the acquisition and retention of surgical skills in ENT surgery. Although VR demonstrates significant promise, additional research is needed to fully establish its effectiveness and explore its broader application in surgical education. This systematic review provides a detailed evaluation of VR's impact on ENT surgical training, highlighting its potential to transform the future of surgical education., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Hudise et al.)

Aiming at the problems of the acupuncture robot's difficulty in positioning acupoints and poor acupuncture accuracy, a hand–eye coordination control method is proposed in this paper. First, according to the specificity of acupuncture, a label-based acupoint positioning method was designed, and then the task of acupuncture acupoints was transformed into acupuncture with specific shapes of labels. Second, the vision subsystem was designed from detection, to label contour matching, to multi-label recognition based on tracking algorithm. Last, according to the control signal amount processed by the vision subsystem, the image Jacobian matrix, and the strategy of monocular hierarchical control, the main hand–eye coordination problem of the fixed-point needling in the acupuncture task is completed. The experimental results show that the method is used for acupuncture and acupuncture puncture with better puncture effect and higher positioning accuracy, which can meet the needs of acupuncture tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distance learning in the field of sport education, particularly at the university level, is well suited to independent and structured learning. In the table tennis course, it is necessary to identify the initial ability of PJKR FIK UNY students' hand-eye coordination through the use of audio visual based test guidelines. The method for administering the test is provided during distance learning. This test guideline's application includes experimental research using the pretest-posttest design method. The sample consists of PJKR FIK UNY table tennis students drawn at random from a class of up to 40 students. This study was conducted from February to April 2021. The analysis results of the Paired Sample Test data obtained a value of sig = 0.000

Sustained visual attention is crucial to many developmentaloutcomes. We demonstrate that, consistent with thedevelopmental systems view, sustained visual attentionemerges from and is tightly tied to sensory motor coordination.We examined whether changes in manual behavior altertoddlers’ eye gaze by giving one group of children heavy toysthat were hard to pick up, while giving another group ofchildren perceptually identical toys that were lighter, easy topick up and hold. We found a tight temporal coupling betweenthe dynamics of visual attention and the dynamics of manualactivities on objects, a relation that cannot be explained byinterest alone. In the Heavy condition, toddlers looked atobjects just as much as did toddlers in the Light condition butdid so through many brief glances, whereas in Light conditionlooks to the objects were longer and sustained. We discuss theimplication of hand-eye coordination in the development ofvisual attention.

In this study we present an autonomous grasping system that uses a vision-guided hand–eye coordination policy with closed-loop vision-based control to ensure a sufficient task success rate while maintaining acceptable manipulation precision. When facing a diversity of tasks with complex environments, an autonomous robot should use the concept of task precision, including the accuracy of perception and precision of manipulation, as opposed to just the grasping success rate typically used in previous works. Task precision combines the advantages of grasping behaviors observed in humans and a grasping method applied in existing works. A visual servoing approach and a subtask decomposition strategy are proposed here to obtain the desired level of task precision. Our system performs satisfactorily on a tangram puzzle task. The experiments highlight the accuracy of perception, precision of manipulation, and robustness of the system. Moreover, the system is of great significance for improving the adaptability and flexibility of autonomous robots.

The assembly stage is a vital phase in the production process and currently, there are still many manual tasks in the assembly operation. One of the challenges of manual assembly is the issue of blind area assembly since the visual obstruction of the hands or a part can lead to more errors and lower assembly efficiency. In this study, we developed an AR-assisted assembly system that solves the occlusion problem. Assembly workers can use the system to achieve comprehensive and precise hand–eye coordination (HEC). Additionally, we designed and conducted a user evaluation experiment to measure the learnability, usability, and mental effort required for the system for other HEC modes. Results indicate that hand position is the first visual information that should be considered in blind areas. Besides, the Intact HEC mode can effectively reduce the difficulty of learning and mental burden in operation, while at the same time improving efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hand-eye coordination is essential for our daily activities. It involves the accuracy and concentration with which an individual performs tasks. Memory tasks like abacus involve the increased use of the superior and middle frontal gyrus, the motor region of the cerebral cortex, which improves the blood supply to this region, and nourishment to the neurons. This enhances neural plasticity in the developing age, which, in turn, improves the rapidity and precision of physical responses to various stimuli. Objectives: To assess and compare the reaction times of children who have undergone abacus training and those who have not undergone abacus training in the age group of 8–13 years. Methods: It is a cross-sectional study, selected by Indian Council of Medical Research- Short Term Studentship 2018, approved by the undergraduate research monitoring committee, and institutional ethics committee. The research study was conducted in a central school in Puducherry among age-matched and body mass index (BMI)-matched healthy children aged between 8 and 13 years who were undergoing abacus training and who did not receive abacus training. Anthropometric parameters such as weight, height, and BMI were measured. Following that, the auditory (ART) and visual reaction time (VRT) of the participants were measured using a recognition reaction time apparatus. Results: The auditory and visual reaction time in the study group was significantly less than that of the control group (P = 0.04 for ART and P = 0.001 for VRT). Interpretation and Conclusion: This study concludes that students trained in memory tasks like abacus have better hand-eye coordination as recorded by their enhanced processing speed, thereby decreased response to auditory and visual stimuli when compared with untrained students.

Objectives: The objective of the study was to identify the effect of Maitland mobilization with hand-eye coordination and hand function exercises in the prognosis of adhesive capsulitis. Methods: This non-randomized control trial was done with 40 patients with adhesive capsulitis referred to the OPD at UCA College of Physiotherapy, Chennai. The study was performed for 8 months duration from August 2018 to March 2019. After providing a sufficient explanation of the procedure, the patients were divided into Group-A and Group-B. Group-A were allocated to Maitland group (n=20) (MG) and Group-B, were assigned to the Maitland, Hand-eye coordination and Hand Function exercises group (n=20) (MHG), respectively. We measured Quality of life using SF36 to know whether these patients had poor QOL compared to normative. Each patient underwent testing before the experiment to evaluate the range of motion of the shoulder (Abduction and External rotation) measured using a 180° goniometer, Functional Disability assessed using SPADI index. Statistical analysis was applied using SPSS version 20.0. Before the study, data normality was tested. A parametric test was used to compare pre-and post-intervention data in each Group-And also compare the MG vs. MHG. An α < 0.05 is the level of significance in all analyses. Results: A total of 40 subjects accounted for the study results. Their quality of life was significantly lower from the normative values. Both groups were homogenous at baseline with no significant difference between the ROM and SPADI scores. Both groups showed a significant improvement in ER, abduction ROM and SPADI scores, however the between group posttest analysis revealed that the Group-B subjects progressed significantly better. Conclusions: The study concluded that the Maitland mobilization and hand-eye coordination and hand function exercises are an effective tool in improving shoulder abduction, external rotation and shoulder functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High pressure is an environmental characteristic of the deep sea that may exert critical effects on the physiology and mental abilities of divers. In this study we evaluated the performance efficacy and mental ability of four divers during a 300-meter helium-oxygen saturation dive at sea. Spatial memory, 2D/3D mental rotation functioning, grip strength, and hand-eye coordination ability were examined for four divers during the pre-dive, compression, decompression, and post-dive phases. The results showed that both the reaction time and the correct responses for the mental rotation and hand-eye coordination were slightly fluctuated. In addition, there was a significant decline in the grip strength of the left hand. It is concluded that the performance efficacy and mental ability of divers were virtually unaffected during 300-meter helium-oxygen saturation diving at sea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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