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This study examines the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients with delusional disorder who have committed crimes, with a particular focus on the factors that contribute to criminal behaviour and the criminal characteristics that are exhibited by this group. Furthermore, this study presents the inaugural analysis of criminal responsibility and legal capacity in this patient population. The data from the Turkish Council of Forensic Medicine (2018–2022) were subjected to retrospective analysis, with a comparison made between the 54 cases evaluated for criminal responsibility. The results demonstrated that patients with criminal histories exhibited elevated rates of divorce, diminished educational attainment, increased hospitalisations, and a higher prevalence of erotomanic and religious delusions. Males were more likely to commit crimes against their spouses, while females targeted their neighbours. Males also predominated in objections to guardianship decisions. These characteristics are associated with an increased risk of criminal involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tiempos Modernos is the property of Tiempos Modernos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Reporting indicators of child sexual abuse is critical to intervention and prevention. However, guardianship and its mechanisms in educational settings have been empirically neglected. We address this gap by analysing a unique administrative dataset from an Australian jurisdiction that captures alleged improper sexual conduct by school employees against adolescents aged 13–17 years inclusive. We analysed 638 cases reported to an external oversight body in accordance with the New South Wales "reportable conduct" scheme between 2015 and 2019. These cases detailed information about the sources of allegations, including how allegations arose and who brought them forward. Results established school personnel and families as the key reporters and supported young people's potential as capable guardians. Guardianship was highly context-dependent and differed according to event, victim, and perpetrator characteristics. Recommendations for strengthening guardianship in schools are presented, including enabling reporting pathways for students, building contextual awareness through policy dissemination and training, and heeding indirect sources of information like rumours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on semi-structured interviews with 42 residents in a mid-size northeastern United States city, we examine the social networks of refugees and local inner-city residents. The study found that locals' perceptions of refugees contributed to weakened social networks. Attenuated social networks, in turn, reduced purposive guardianship over crime and diminished perceptions of safety. Our findings raise questions about refugee–host relationship efforts to integrate refugees into the local community and demonstrate a need to reduce the social distance between refugees and locals to improve purposive guardianship and social networks to enhance community crime regulation capacity and feelings of safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the well-known weakening of the Roman guardianship of women by the early Principate, its final disappearance from Roman law has remained a mystery. In modern scholarship, the proposed dates for the abolishment of tutela have ranged from the late third century to the early fifth, or to the claim that it just fell out of use without ever being formally abrogated. This article combines legal and papyrological sources to show that we can in fact establish the time when tutela was abolished in the reign of Constantine. It further places the disappearance of the guardianship in the broader context of the historical development of Roman law and the legal independence of women in the Roman world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When minors arrive in Spain with an adult who is not their parent, they are typically separated from each other to protect the minor. This article analyses, based on a real case, other measures to separation that still give minors the protection they need in these situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of missing child reports exceed police investigative capacity, yet some incidents are linked with harm, making effective risk assessment essential for safeguarding. Police data likely underrepresents harm to missing children due to harm being undisclosed, and missing incidents going unreported. A better understanding of harm associated with missing children could help to develop appropriate interventions to reduce missing incidents and prevent harm. This study examined 18 months of published Child Safeguarding Practice Reviews across England – a previously overlooked resource for understanding harm to missing children – to identify the intersecting characteristics, vulnerabilities, harm types, indicators, and issues with formal guardianship (safeguarding by carers, schools, local authorities, police and health professionals). Results revealed that children were missing, vulnerable, harmed, and showed indicators of exploitation in numerous and intersecting ways. Of the missing from home or care (MFHC) cases, all but two mentioned repeat missing incidents, all mentioned missing school, 75% mentioned exclusion, and over half mentioned going missing from both home and care. All MFHC cases mentioned multiple vulnerabilities and multiple harm types. All but one of the MFHC cases mentioned multiple exploitation indicators. This highlights opportunities for guardianship including extending the police Philomena Protocol to schools for children at risk of exclusion. The constraints of formal guardians, when combined with the risks faced by some vulnerable children, can lead to inadequate supervision and support – paradoxically leaving those children simultaneously overexposed to harm yet under-served by protective services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parents have long been concerned with the transition to adulthood of their children with intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) particularly with financial issues. The purpose of this study was to explore the financial concerns of mothers of adults with IDD. Five mothers of adults with IDD participated in a focus group to share their experiences, opinions, concerns, and challenges related to finances. Five themes emerged from the qualitative data analysis: (a) job-related difficulties, (b) living expenses, (c) access to essential services, (d), skills deficits and/or challenging behavior, and (e) long-term care. Mothers in general indicated tremendous financial burdens, loss of income, and expressed concerns about long-term care of their children with IDD. These themes are discussed and implications for practice and research are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The familiar stranger is a social phenomenon that emerges from the serial reproduction of daily routines, structured around urban places and practices, that results in repeated encounters with the same individuals over time. Scholarship suggests that increased familiarity among individuals might incur crime control benefits at places by reducing individual anonymity and enhancing the moral obligation to obey behavioural norms. Familiarity with place-based norms and regularities can also enhance guardianship capacity and willingness to intervene when problems arise. In this paper, we detail a framework that integrates geographical, sociological, and psychological understandings of urban daily life to conceptualize the familiar stranger as a uniquely urban phenomenon emerging from multiple social processes synchronising in time-space. Our framework highlights the capacity for variation in relation to intensity contingent on daily regularities, place attributes, structures and social norms and provides for future measurement, modelling, and monitoring of familiar strangers as a protective factor against crime that can be ascribed to individuals, places and/or social systems. We include an operationalisation of our framework for a single use case, namely familiar stranger encounters in a public transit network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay deals with early Mālikī doctrine in Umayyad al-Andalus regarding the Christians. It focuses in particular on "mixed family" issues, that is, those arising from the marriage between a Muslim man and a Christian woman and their children, by analysing masāʾil (sing. masʾala, dialogues among jurists) and fatāwā (sing. fatwā, juridical answers for questions and lawsuits). These materials provide us with rich information about how Andalusī jurists quoted and selected their teachers' opinions, and also about the contents of their own doctrines. I will especially deal with custody (ḥaḍāna) of children born to a Christian mother and with the religious affiliation of children whose Christian father converted to Islam. The sources analysed provide evidence that juridical discussions responded to social issues, including blurred religious identities and pressure to convert in "mixed family" contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

An increasing amount of attention has been paid in recent years to issues related to decision-making support for students with significant disabilities approaching the age of legal adulthood. Research indicates that special education teachers support practices that minmize the use of undue and overbroad guardianship for their students. However, many are working within environments in which this belief may not be well supported. The purpose of this article is to provide special education teachers with context and strategies for systemic advocacy efforts that support the dignity and autonomy of their students with complex support needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite studies showing that students who have more self-determination—those who make more decisions and have more control over their lives—have more successful educational experiences and adult lives, research and scholarship document the existence of a "School-to-Guardianship Pipeline." There, educational professionals recommend that parents seek guardianship over their children with disabilities, without explaining or exploring other options that may preserve or build their self-determination. This article documents the importance of self-determination to life and educational outcomes for people with disabilities, and summarizes research showing how overbroad and undue guardianship—guardianships that remove more rights than necessary or that remove rights from someone who is able to exercise them independently or with support—can decrease quality of life. Then, the authors show how Supported Decision-Making can serve as an alternative to guardianship and a way to enhance self-determination, and recommend ways to incorporate supported decision-making into special education supports and services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout its proceedings and in its Final Report, the Royal Commission into Violence, Abuse, Neglect and Exploitation of People with Disability gave considerable prominence to supported decision-making as a means for achieving the human rights of people with disabilities. It sought input on supported decision-making from people with lived experience, roundtables, public hearings, and commissioned independent research on supported decision-making and proposals for reform. Practical challenges raised at the roundtables and by witnesses included the resources needed for education, training, and capacity building, and the challenge of finding supporters for people who were isolated. Evidence was given that legal reform was only one aspect of what was needed to embed supported decision-making into sectors and services to improve the lives of people with cognitive disabilities. The Commission's Final Report endorsed a set of national supported decision-making principles, with many of these principles underpinned by the evidence received and commissioned research. However, overall, the Commission's recommendations were overly focused on reform of guardianship and administration systems, and implementation guidance was lacking. The Commission also missed an opportunity to recommend legislative and practice reform beyond guardianship systems, into multiple services and sectors including the National Disability Insurance Scheme, the health system, and the public sector more widely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies of neighborhood crime are often limited in their ability to account for the dynamic nature of human mobility, a central tenet of prominent theoretical perspectives on the spatial distribution of crime. Yet, recent work indicates the utility of social media data for estimating the size and composition of such ambient population. In the present study, we assess whether four Twitter-derived measures are associated with crime counts across 2,348 block groups. Specifically, we focus on the density of Twitter users (and tweets), as well as the proportion of Twitter users (and tweets) that are "insiders." We inferred Twitter users' "insider" location from the block group in which they tweeted most frequently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Recht & Psychiatrie is the property of Psychiatrie Verlag GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Historica. Historia Medieval is the property of Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The relevance of this study was conditioned by the reduced level of effectiveness of one of the key social institutions due to the presence of problematic aspects and conflicts of legislation. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to analyse the problematic aspects of the current adoption procedure under the current legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The study employed several methods of scientific cognition, namely logical analysis, formallegal, functional analysis, dogmatic, legal hermeneutics, and others. A study of statistical data on the total number of registered orphans revealed that the current figures are still quite high; however, the number of children raised in orphanages is declining. This study investigated the legislative acts that thoroughly regulate the procedure and order of adoption, namely the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Civil Procedural Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan. It was noted that a significant role in adoption cases is given to the decisions of the plenums of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which serve as a guide for the courts in considering and resolving civil cases and are applicable to different proceedings. It was also found that the national legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan does not make provision for such a procedure as pre-adoption, compared to the foreign practices of some countries. No less important is the analysis of the adoption procedure for found and abandoned children by foreign nationals. The practical value of the obtained results lies in providing a detailed characterisation of the mentioned process and offering some recommendations for its improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the composition of families in the parish of São José de Encoge, northern Angola, in the early colonial era, using a series of 'family bulletins' collected by the Portuguese colonial government in 1910. Encoge was one of the earliest centres of coffee cultivation in west-central Africa. While not all local families participated in this economy, the census sheds light on family-based cash-crop production after the abolition of slavery in Angola. The literature on post-slavery labour arrangements in Africa almost unanimously suggests that family-extension strategies predominantly aimed to integrate young women and girls into households, using pawnship and guardianship as important methods. The family bulletins from Encoge provide a means to evaluate this assumption on a quantitative basis in an Angolan context. They indicate that, besides natural reproduction and the adoption of second wives, the incorporation of wards, nephews, and nieces was the most common form of household extension, in which elders showed a remarkable preference for male dependants. The bulletins do not provide clear evidence of the presence of enslaved dependants, although some individuals listed as servants were possibly enslaved. Overall, the data suggest that, contrary to common assumptions about agricultural labour in Africa, family-based cultivation and trade of coffee did not discriminate against men or boys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

God's formative education is man's education through formative factors beyond his control, which can be the basis for deriving human-to-human education methods. The purpose of the present research is to explain some methods of human education based on God's formative education. To achieve this goal, this research has used the descriptive method and analysis of Quranic verses. The verses of the Holy Quran indicate that human formative education has three general stages., is special. each of which has several educational bases. Following these three stages of educational education in the Quran, 15 educational methods have been extracted and explained for educators, which include: : Intellectual education, paying attention to the necessity of establishing and creating a suitable platform as well as paying attention to natural feelings, constantly reminding of blessings, the need to pay attention to the developmental aspects of affairs and trials and tribulations, and paying attention to the thought of death and observing the results of actions for the general stage. Accepting and recognizing weaknesses, creating peace and strength of heart, timely support and advocacy, evangelism and encouragement for a special formative education level. And also the educational method of creating love in the shadow of increasing insight and wisdom, giving responsibility and taking over for the special stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses Australian law and literature to identify the key cultural and legal considerations that can arise in medical treatment decision-making with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples at the end-of-life. The authors explore how First Nation peoples' cultural values, connection to Country, family, and community, history, and health care experiences, intersect with end-of-life medical treatment laws, providing valuable insights for lawyers, policymakers and health practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health care professionals and patients impacted by incarceration face unique medical, legal, and ethical issues. The frequency and nature of ethics consultations for these patients are underexplored. This study aimed to characterize the primary ethical issue and contextual features of ethics consultations involving patients impacted by incarceration. We conducted a qualitative concept content analysis of ethics consultations involving patients impacted by incarceration and calculated descriptive statistics of demographics to compare these patients with the broader population of patients impacted by incarceration at a single institution from January 1, 2015, through June 30, 2022. We identified 37,184 patients impacted by incarceration (people currently or formerly incarcerated or whose surrogate decision-maker is incarcerated) at our institution. Most were White (70%) and non-Hispanic (88%); 51% were male, 49% female. Individuals impacted by incarceration comprised 3% (n = 38) of ethics consults. Most were White (58%), male (79%), and hospitalized (92%). The primary ethical issues were surrogate decision-making (34%) and fiduciary duties (beneficence/nonmaleficence/best interest; 16%). The primary contextual feature was intra-family communication challenges (37%). Incarceration status impacts access to decision-makers and the provision of medically necessary care. Ethics consultation for women and individuals in outpatient and emergency settings could be underutilized. More education about ethics consultation services and coordination with correctional officials is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Çukurova Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi (CUIFD) is the property of Cukurova Universitesi Ilahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi (CUIFD) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Medizinische Klinik: Intensivmedizin & Notfallmedizin is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to clarify the provisions of Qawwamah, and to correct its concept, which has been distorted, whether the West who wanted to harm women and ruin the family, or by people affiliated with Islam, but they understood Qawwamah incorrectly, and practiced it in the wrong way and gave a bad example. The study also aims to demonstrate the advantages of guardianship for women themselves, if it is in the right concept and application, and respects the privacy and decent jobs of each gender. The study has shown that guardianship for the benefit of women is necessary to preserve the family institution and protect it from cracks and internal conflicts. and that the Guardianship of a man is his preference over a woman in this section to ensure the good functioning of the institution, not an absolute preference for him, no is it to reduce its value; And the right is justice, not absolute equality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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AbstractPurposeMaterials and methodsResultsConclusions\nIMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONSupported decision-making (SDM) is an emerging and innovative alternative to substitute decision-making practices. While relationships are pivotal in establishing proper and effective SDM, scant research has examined these relationships in-depth. This study explores how decision-making supporters perceive relationships embedded in SDM for adults with disabilities. Furthermore, it compares the points of view of family and volunteer supporters on these relationships.Using a semi-structured interview guide, in-depth interviews were held with 16 family and 16 volunteer supporters of Israeli decision-makers with disabilities.Both family and volunteer supporters addressed the centrality of the support relationship. However, they differed in their perspectives on the ways such relationships should be formed and on their boundaries. We distinguish between families’ continuing relationships vs. volunteers’ emerging relationships to emphasize the identified differences.The findings highlighted the importance of relationships to SDM processes, highlighting the need to examine in greater depth whether and how “typical” family relationships differ from SDM relationships. Based on these findings, we recommend training and guidance for both family and volunteer supporters in developing and strengthening these relationships.Supported decision-making enhances quality of life as it helps persons with disabilities make and implement decisions.With proper supported decision-making, people with disabilities feel their wishes are recognized and respected.Focus on and awareness of relationship building is crucial and thus its various dimensions should explicitly be incorporated in any training program or policy for supported decision-makersGiven adequate training, both family and volunteers can develop positive relationships in supported decision-making schemes.Supported decision-making enhances quality of life as it helps persons with disabilities make and implement decisions.With proper supported decision-making, people with disabilities feel their wishes are recognized and respected.Focus on and awareness of relationship building is crucial and thus its various dimensions should explicitly be incorporated in any training program or policy for supported decision-makersGiven adequate training, both family and volunteers can develop positive relationships in supported decision-making schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Courts have a legal and ethical duty to monitor adult guardianship cases to protect the rights of individuals with guardians. Aging and disability advocates have been recommending improvements to adult guardianship monitoring for decades. The aim of this study is to examine annual guardianship reporting procedures in each state. Using the National Guardianship Association’s (NGA) Standards of Practice as a guide, we summarize what is missing from adult guardianship annual report forms in each state. Since 2000, the NGA Standards have been the benchmark for guiding guardianship best practices, making it a valuable tool for guardianship reporting and monitoring. Results show that most states are not collecting thorough data on adults with guardians, their guardians, or the guardian-client relationship. Additionally, many existing annual report forms may be difficult to complete due to confusing question structure and reading levels that are above the national average, especially since most adult guardians are nonprofessional guardians. Improved reporting procedures would help courts monitor guardianships more effectively, ensure that the rights of individuals with guardians are being protected, and provide meaningful data on the overall state of guardianship. Limitations and plans for future research are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The concept of "poorly supervised child’ is a new concept in the field of private law. Since "poor or bad supervision" has legal and criminal effects, such as disqualification of the supervisor or criminal punishment for the bad supervisor, the investigation of this concept requires special attention. The concept of poor guardianship has not been discussed independently in jurisprudence, but it can be deduced from the discussions of jurists. This research is an attempt to analyze this concept in Imam Khomeini's viewpoints through his statements on topics such as terminating the guardianship, the fall of custody, and justice in relation to the guardian of a child. However, the definition of this concept in law has some shortcomings. The legislator has explained it only in one case. The spread of the concept of poor or bad guardianship and its traces in the law show the necessity of more investigation of this concept to fulfil the society’s needs. The main question is: What is the rule for applying the concept of bad guardianship to the religious and legal guardians of a child? Although the rule set in jurisprudence is general, by employing this issue within the legal framework, it is possible to determine some of its non-exclusive examples. Therefore, the general rule in jurisprudence is that the commitment of a prohibited act related to the duties of parents leads to the application of bad guardianship to the guardians. The term "bad guardian" does not necessarily mean depriving the child of guardianship, but it helps the judge to issue a fair verdict.

The Midwest is typically defined as a site of Indigenous erasure. But citizens of the Miami Tribe of Oklahoma continue to live in their original homeland despite the official removal of their people from the Wabash River Valley in 1846. Myaamia families who stayed behind used fee simple family reserves as a tool to combat ethnic cleansing. Despite their keen understanding of American property law, settlers in the Hoosier state crafted "Red Codes," laws and enforcement regimes targeting Indigenous peoples, to achieve their dispossession. Red Codes, akin to the more well-known Black Codes, reveal how state and local authorities designed laws to advance white supremacy. The appropriation and performance of Indigeneity grew out of the race-based legal regimes that defined the nineteenth-century Midwest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large numbers of children in Australia are in long-term out-of-home care (OOHC). Legal frameworks available for their care are long-term foster care, guardianship, and plenary adoption. Views of individuals with OOHC or adoption experience on these legal frameworks were explored via an online survey. A legal framework called simple adoption, which makes children legal members of adoptive families without legally excising them from birth families, was also considered. The respondents (N = 1019) evaluated aspects of these frameworks as strengths or weaknesses from which scores were calculated. Overall, simple adoption had the highest strength score, followed by plenary adoption, guardianship, and long-term foster care. The highest weakness score was for long-term foster care, followed by guardianship, plenary adoption, and simple adoption. That simple adoption enabled enduring familial relationships between children and their adoptive families while retaining legal identity and legal connection with birth families contributed to its favourable evaluation. IMPLICATIONS The legal severance of children from birth families and the supplanting of legal identity that occurs in plenary adoption makes this form of adoption unacceptable to many. Simple adoption, allowing for children to be full legal members of both their adoptive and birth families and preserving legal identity, makes it attractive to individuals with a variety of experience backgrounds. An exploration of legislative reform to allow for simple adoption in Australia should be undertaken. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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After appearing only in medical law for a long time, advance directives and other forms of voluntary measures are increasingly also being recognised as an effective protector of the right to self-determination in family law. The aim of the paper is to consider the Croatian model of advance decision making in family law, observing it in the context of European, international and comparative law. In this sense, the paper first provides an overview of relevant international and European documents, then briefly analyses different solutions to the discussion in question that exist in the national legislations of the selected European countries, namely, Germany, Slovenia, the Czech Republic, Serbia, and finally a detailed analysis of Croatian law. The paper aims to point out certain doubts and ambiguities that exist in Croatian law, give suggestions for improving the legislation, and encourage the continuation of scientific research in this legal field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Barbershops have historically been characterized as a safe space for males across communities, especially in traditionally disadvantaged and specifically African American communities. The study explores barbershops’ role in community guardianship and as a mechanism for crime prevention. Using a mixed-methods approach, we gathered data from public repositories and conducted semi-structured interviews utilizing a sample of owners, managers, and barbers of predominantly African American barbershops in Norfolk, Virginia. Results give insight into how community institutions combat and address communal and social-cultural issues within the community—providing havens of social control and crime reduction. Research suggests a need to further study and conceptualize barbershops and other communal institutions as crime reduction and prevention entities. Additionally, findings support an increase in resources allocated to marginalized areas, so institutions such as barbershops can continue to promote initiatives tailored to their community, reducing deviance and crime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]