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The Central Asian (CA) countries have been transitioning from a centrally planned economy to a market economy since they gained independence at the beginning of the 1990s. As per the official data for 2022, Uzbekistan, which is located in the center of the CA region, has the Russian Federation (18.6%), China (17.8%), Kazakhstan (9.2%), and Turkiye (6.4%) as its top trading partners. This study evaluates the technological progress by estimating the total factor productivity (TFP) of the CA countries as well as their three major trading countries. The analysis focuses on production factors such as capital, labor, and natural resources. The study uses the recently published data from Penn World Table 10.0 (PWT10.0) for eight countries, covering the period from 1991 to 2019. The main findings are as follows: 1) CA countries have shown steady development and noteworthy TFP growth rates; 2) TFP growth was negative in all countries from 1992 to 1997, except in China and Turkiye. But in terms of TFP growth, they outpaced even China and Turkiye between 1998 and 2007, maintaining high rates from 2008 to 2016, thereby demonstrating the catch-up effect; 3) our estimates of TFP growth rates are consistent with the figures reported by several other studies. 4) the most suitable econometric model is found to be generalized least squares (GLS) compared with pooled OLS (pOLS), fixed effects (FE), or random effects (RE). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global shipbuilding industry has undergone profound transformations, diversifying in terms of scope, complexity, and trade impact. This study explores these shifts by analyzing the evolving patterns within shipbuilding firms from Japan, Korea, and China. We embark on a historical journey, tracing the transition of industry leadership from Europe to Asia. As a case study, we present a detailed examination of the five stages of the Korean shipbuilding industry's transformation, spanning from domestic advantage to global prominence. To establish a comparative framework encompassing the shipbuilding industries of Japan, Korea, and China, we introduce two critical parameters: innovative value delivery capabilities and global market positioning. These parameters illuminate the distinctive evolutionary paths taken by the three Asian countries within the realm of shipbuilding. Our findings underscore that in an environment characterized by intensifying competition and shifting geopolitical dynamics, leading companies strategically leverage their national manufacturing strengths and logistical infrastructure while adeptly navigating the complexities of global politics and the industrial policies pursued by their respective nations. This research offers invaluable insights and implications for future investigations of the global shipbuilding industry in the post-pandemic world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mexican Journal of Economics & Finance / Revista Mexicana de Economia y Finanzas is the property of Instituto Mexicano de Ejecutivos de Finanzas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper constructs a unified model on how population growth, technological progress and capital deepening induce structural transformation. We solve analytically the closed-form solution for the model to unearth the mechanisms and crucial assumptions underlying how these factors interact and foster structural transformation. When agricultural productivity growth is fast enough to outweigh the relative price effects contributed by non-agricultural productivity growth, population growth and capital deepening, production factors will move out of agriculture. We clarify the condition to sustain growth in asymptotic growth path. We found empirical validity of the model with sectoral data from the United States in 1970-2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: China; economic reform; economic history; growth theory; P22 Socialist and Transition Economies - Prices; O23 Development Planning and Policy - Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Development; B00 History of Economic Thought; Methodology; and Heterodox Approaches EN China economic reform economic history growth theory P22 Socialist and Transition Economies - Prices O23 Development Planning and Policy - Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Development B00 History of Economic Thought Methodology and Heterodox Approaches 2273 2283 11 10/17/23 20231001 NES 231001 On pluralism in China's path to reform *Correspondence: imogen.liu@maastrichtuniversity.nl I begin my reflections on Isabella Weber's excellent I How China Escaped Shock Therapy i with a personal anecdote. I Light i goes thus for high-price elasticity products when consumption and/or production patterns react by adapting smoothly to price signals; I Heavy i goes for low-price elasticity products for which consumption and/or production patterns cannot adjust in the short run, with the consequence that sharp price movements result in major economic disorders. Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC 9 Gabor D, Weber I. M. (2021, November 8) "Cop26 Should Distance Itself from Carbon Shock Therapy", Financial Times, accessed at https://www.ft.com/content/1d2dcdc4-4de2-4e87-ab1f-574a32c5e0e2. [Extracted from the article]

We modify the standard descriptive growth model to incorporate what Keynes (1936) called the "essence" of his general theory. The essence is that exogenous changes in investment cause changes in employment and unemployment. We implement this idea by assuming the path for the capital growth rate is exogenous, which implicitly indicates that the significant fluctuations in investment do not result from rational calculation but rather result from what Keynes labelled "animal spirits." Testing the Keynes hypothesis using post-WWII U.S. data, we find that changes in investment Granger-cause changes in unemployment but the reverse is not supported by the data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Moneta e Credito is the property of Associazione Economia Civile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Entrepreneurship Development is the property of University of Tehran and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study utilizes a classroom experiment to determine the effectiveness of the flipped classroom in a growth theory module of intermediate macroeconomics. We compare the performance of small section flipped groups to control groups at a liberal arts college. The treatment groups watched growth lecture videos before class, while the control groups followed a traditional lecture format. The results provide no evidence of superior performance by the treatment sections. They show that the main determinant of a student's performance is high school quality. The careful preparation to minimize differences across students from different socio-economic backgrounds is essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Questo scritto è dedicato alla memoria di Terenzio Cozzi, economista che è stato in Italia un importante esponente della scuola neokeynesiana di Cambridge. Il paper ripercorre la sua formazione all’Università Cattolica di Milano e poi a Cambridge, dove ottenne il PhD in economia sviluppando il modello di dinamica strutturale di Pasinetti, la sua carriera accademica in Italia all’Università di Torino, l’opera teorica principalmente dedicata alla teoria della crescita, la manualistica di economia politica, punto di riferimento della formazione universitaria e post-universitaria non mainstream in particolare tra la fine degli anni ottanta e gli anni novanta del secolo scorso, nonché l’importante attività istituzionale.

• A multi time-scale framework is introduced for a simultaneous modeling of economic cycles and the long-run behavior of technical change and income distribution. • The dynamic relation between unemployment and the wage-share is used to identify all the variables in an accounting framework based on Marx's circuit of capital and to justify the use of the multi time-scale formalism. • The multi time-scale model can account for the cyclical behavior of unemployment, output, inventories, and income distribution, on one hand, and the long-run behavior of the wage-share and the capital-output ratio, on the other. A multi time-scale framework is proposed for the simultaneous modeling of economic cycles and the long-run behavior of technical change and income distribution. The accounting structure of the model is based on Marx's circuit of capital and uses the dynamic interaction between wages and unemployment as a "closure" for the system of equations. The model is consistent with some empirical regularities of the post-war US economy related to the cyclical behavior of the unemployment rate, the wage-share, the expected rate of profit and inventory investment, on one hand, and with the tendency of a falling wage-share and a rising capital-output ratio, on the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article develops a modeling framework for growth and innovation in which accumulation dynamics of knowledge and R&D are explicitly considered. The framework is based on a more general knowledge production process than commonly used in Endogenous Growth Theory and R&D productivity literatures, reconciling as special cases disparate analytical approaches. The proposed model of knowledge dynamics highlights the role of human and physical capital accumulation in the creation of innovations and cautions against their omission in empirical models. Econometric analysis largely supports the model's predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circumferential wrinkling in soft tubular tissues is vital in supporting normal physiological functions. Most existing literature was dedicated to theoretical modeling and finite element simulations based on a specific growth model. This paper presents an experimental investigation on pattern formation and evolution in bilayered tubular organs using swelling deformation of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and aims at supplying a thorough comparison with theoretical and finite element results. To create a twin model in modeling and simulation, the shear modulus in the incompressible neo-Hookean material is estimated via uni-axial tensile and pure shear tests. Five bilayered tubes with different material or geometrical parameters are fabricated. Swelling experiments are carried out for these samples in an individual experimental setup where a plane-strain deformation is guaranteed, and several surface patterns and the associated mode transformations are observed, namely, creases, wrinkles, period-doubling profiles, wrinkle-to-crease transition, and wrinkle-to-period-doubling transition. In particular, an interfacial wrinkling pattern is also observed. To make comparisons, a buckling analysis is conducted within the framework of finite elasticity by means of the Stroh formulation and a refined surface impedance matrix method. In addition, a finite element analysis (FEA) is performed to trace the evolution of surface instabilities. It turns out that the experimental findings agree well with the theoretical predictions as well as the finite element results. From our experiments, it is found that creasing mode may appear instead of wrinkling mode when both layers share a similar mechanical property. It is expected that the current work could provide novel experimental insight into pattern formation in tubular structures. In particular, the traditional impedance matrix method has been adapted, which enables us to resolve eigenvalue problems with displacement boundary conditions, and the good agreement among experimental, theoretical, and simulation consequences supplies strong evidence that a phenomenological growth model is satisfactory to reveal mechanisms behind intricate surface morphology in tubular tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an overview from a personal perspective on the various ways Lucas has shaped today's economics in general and in terms of 'Chicago economics' in particular. In honor of the 50th anniversary of its publication, much focus is given to his 1972 neutrality paper and its impact. I discuss how the paper was a trigger of the subsequent emergence of rational expectations macroeconomics. Further, I touch upon his fundamental contributions to growth theory, asset pricing and the characteristic use of the Bellman equations. After covering these topics, the paper concludes with a portrayal of the Money and Banking Workshop to describe the environment that Lucas established at the Chicago department, and to illustrate his enduring influence on the culture of teaching and discussing macroeconomics at the University of Chicago. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the determinants of people's growth prospects in survey data as well as the impact of the European recovery fund to future growth. The focus is on the aftermath of the Corona pandemic, which is a natural limit to the sample size. We use Eurobarometer survey data and macroeconomic variables, such as GDP, unemployment, public deficit, inflation, bond yields, and fiscal spending data. We estimate a variety of panel regression models and develop a new simulation-regression methodology due to limitation of the sample size. We find the major determinant of people's growth prospect is domestic GDP per capita, while European fiscal aid does not significantly matter. In addition, we exhibit with the simulation-regression method novel scientific insights, significant outcomes, and a policy conclusion alike. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: The microservices architectural style is gaining momentum in the IT industry. This style does not guarantee that a target system can continuously meet acceptable performance levels. The ability to study the violations of performance requirements and eventually predict them would help practitioners to tune techniques like dynamic load balancing or horizontal scaling to achieve the resilience property. Objective: The goal of this work is to study the violations of performance requirements of microservices through time series analysis and provide practical instruments that can detect resilient and non-resilient microservices and possibly predict their performance behavior. Method: We introduce a new method based on growth theory to model the occurrences of violations of performance requirements as a stochastic process. We applied our method to an in-vitro e-commerce benchmark and an in-production real-world telecommunication system. We interpreted the resulting growth models to characterize the microservices in terms of their transient performance behavior. Results: Our empirical evaluation shows that, in most of the cases, the non-linear S-shaped growth models capture the occurrences of performance violations of resilient microservices with high accuracy. The bounded nature associated with this models tell that the performance degradation is limited and thus the microservice is able to come back to an acceptable performance level even under changes in the nominal number of concurrent users. We also detect cases where linear models represent a better description. These microservices are not resilient and exhibit constant growth and unbounded performance violations over time. The application of our methodology to a real in-production system identified additional resilience profiles that were not observed in the in-vitro experiments. These profiles show the ability of services to react differently to the same solicitation. We found that when a service is resilient it can either decrease the rate of the violations occurrences in a continuous manner or with repeated attempts (periodical or not). Conclusions: We showed that growth theory can be successfully applied to study the occurences of performance violations of in-vitro and in-production real-world systems. Furthermore, the cost of our model calibration heuristics, based on the mathematical expression of the selected non-linear growth models, is limited. We discussed how the resulting models can shed some light on the trend of performance violations and help engineers to spot problematic microservice operations that exhibit performance issues. Thus, meaningful insights from the application of growth theory have been derived to characterize the behavior of (non) resilient microservices operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

目的 基于生存- 相互关系- 成长（existence, relatedness, growth, ERG）理论分析基层卫生人才对3 个层次需 求的满意度及其相关性, 为吸引和留住更多卫生人才在基层服务提供策略。方法 根据ERG理论的内涵, 用自行 设计的问卷对南京市浦口区所有的基层卫生人员进行调查, 对工作岗位3 个维度的满意情况进行典型相关分析和 路径分析。结果 生存与相互关系、生存与成长、相互关系与成长之间分别存在典型相关关系（P＜ 0.05）。路径分 析显示, 成长的系数最大（0.73）, 生存的系数最小（0.18）。结论 基层卫生人才各个层次的需求相互影响, 高层次 的成长需求对基层卫生人才是否离职的影响最大. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this short article, I build an idea-based growth model in a competitive market with a representative household economy. I obtain significant findings that confirm Boitier (2019). First, contrary to conventional wisdom, a competitive equilibrium, increasing returns to scale, and innovations can be tenable. For that, firms must raise capital from shareholders, and the production function must show decreasing returns to scale in the stock of ideas and in labor. Second, the developed idea-based growth model admits a balanced growth path similar to the one provided in an idea-based growth model with monopolistic competition. Whether innovations are competitive or thrive under monopolistic competition does not constitute an engine-driving long-run growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last decades, conceptual frameworks formulated to address the dynamics of economic growth have hypothesized, discussed and tested a large number of different assumptions concerning the role of capital accumulation, labor productivity, learning-by-doing, formal education, innovation, and diffusion of ideas. Underlying all these theoretical contributions is, on the demand side, a pervasive and apparently unshakable structure of analysis: economic agents invariably set an optimal intertemporal consumption plan which allows then to maximize utility over an infinite horizon. Such behavior, however, suggests a planning ability that agents often lack. In fact, household decisions are frequently designed on the basis of heuristics or rules-of-thumb that, although not optimal, are reachable under the cognitive constraints typically faced by human beings. This paper revisits some of the most prominent models of the mainstream growth theory, taking a specific heuristic to account for consumption-savings decisions. The heuristic, which allows for the consideration of distinct profiles of saving behavior across individual agents, is a static rule, which might suggest a return to a Solow-like growth analysis. Notwithstanding, the adopted rule-of-thumb encloses a series of novel and relevant implications for growth theory. Such implications are duly highlighted and discussed in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical energy systems rely on particulate porous electrodes to store or convert energies. While the three‐dimensional (3D) porous structures are introduced to maximize the interfacial area for better overall performance of the system, spatiotemporal heterogeneities arising from materials thermodynamics are localizing the charge transfer processes onto a limited portion of the available interfaces. Here, a simple but precise method is demonstrated to directly track and analyze the operando (i.e., local and working) interfaces on the mesoscale in a practical graphite porous electrode to obtain the true local current density, which turns out to be two orders of magnitude higher than the globally averaged current density adopted by existing studies. The results shed light on the long‐standing discrepancies in kinetics parameters derived from electroanalytical measurements and from first principle predictions. Contradictory to prevailing beliefs, the electrochemical dynamics are not controlled by the solid‐state diffusion process once the spatiotemporal reaction heterogeneities emerge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Successful development processes involve not only 'sectorial structural change', shifts of factors between different productive sectors, but also, 'institutional structural change', shifts of factors from unproductive activities (predation) to productive ones. This paper analyzes the feedback process between the sectorial and the institutional structural changes in a model in which the labor share in agriculture is lower than in other sectors. Along the transition sectorial structural change emerges: employment in agriculture declines. Consequently, total labor share increases, raising the reward for working (while discouraging predation) and so, fostering institutional structural change. This, in turn, encourages capital accumulation, promoting sectorial structural change. This feedback mechanism widens differences in productivity and institutions among countries. Whereas zero‐cost policies aimed to build institutions have positive effects, costly policies have uncertain effects due to complex feedback mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Ideas, increasing returns to scale and perfect competition are compatible. • Innovation can be remunerated even if rival inputs exhaust output. • Whether innovations are competitive or thrive under monopolistic competition does not constitute an engine driving long-run growth. Are ideas, increasing returns to scale, and perfect competition compatible? To address this fundamental question, I build a purposefully simple model of growth and ideas with two salient features: (i) firms raise capital from shareholders, and (ii) the production function shows decreasing returns to scale in the stock of ideas and in labor. I obtain two noticeable results from this model. First, contrary to conventional wisdom, I show that ideas, increasing returns to scale, and a competitive equilibrium are tenable. Second, I underline that the model has a balanced growth equilibrium similar to the one founded in the semi-endogenous models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Piketty's wealth/income ratio is not a measure of capital intensity as determined by the technique in use, nor a proxy for it. • Piketty defines capital as the sum of the value of non-financial assets and financial net worth, the latter being the net lending/borrowing of the economy. Disregarding the role of financial and non-financial corporations breaks this accounting identity. • Piketty defines national wealth as the sum of wealth owned by Households and NPISH and the General government. Disregarding corporations makes no difference only in the case in which Tobin Q is equal to 1. • The notion of income chosen by Piketty is that of GNI, but the concept of income that seems relevant is that of GDP. In fact, what we want to assess is the capacity of the system to generate surplus – and hence primary income different than property income – through productive activity. Thomas Piketty's (2014) Capital in the XXI Century analyzes distributions of income and wealth in a set of developed countries and their determinants, from the nineteenth century to the present. The objective is a bold one, made even more so by the fact that Piketty pursues it not only from a theoretical, but also from an empirical point of view. The task is particularly impressive not only because of the enormous effort required in organizing data, but also because it entails attaching a deterministic interpretation to facts and figures from radically different countries, over a time span that covers almost two centuries. This study argues that the empirical 'methods and concepts' adopted by Piketty are not always consistent with those coming from his reference theoretical framework, nor from National Accounts (United Nations, 2009). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studies of Socio-Economics & Humanities / Socioekonomické a Humanitní Studie is the property of College of Banking, Banking Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Growth theory has rarely considered energy despite its invisible hand in all physical systems. We develop a theoretical framework that places energy transfers at centerstage of growth theory based on two principles: (i) goods are material rearrangements and (ii) such rearrangements are done by energy transferred by prime movers (e.g., workers, engines). Using a mathematical model we derive the implications of these principles for an autarkic agent that maximizes utility subject to an energy budget constraint and maximizes energy surplus to relax such constraint. The solution to these problems shows that growth is driven by positive marginal energy surplus of energy goods (e.g., rice, oil), yet materializes through prime mover accumulation. This perspective consolidates under one framework several results from previous attempts to insert energy within growth theory, reconciles economics with natural sciences, and provides a basis for a general reinterpretation of economic growth as the interplay between human desires and thermodynamic processes. Image 1 • Integration of energy transfers into economic growth theory. • Goods as material rearrangements and work as energy transfers. • Energy goods drive growth by incentivizing prime mover accumulation. • Economic growth as interplay between human desires and thermodynamic processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to evaluating β-convergence of the socio-economic development of Ukraine’s regions. The essence and theoretical basis of evaluation of σ- and β-convergence is studied. The neoclassical theory of growth of R. Solow that serves as a basis for models of β-convergence is considered. The essence and features of evaluation of the absolute (unconditional) and conditional β-convergence is examined. The existing empirical researches of the economic development of countries and their regions with the use of convergence models are analyzed and it is found that: the theory of convergent-divergent development of countries and their regions is sufficiently developed; there are certain studies aimed at evaluation and analysis of the convergence of regional development in Ukraine, but there is no comprehensive study that comprises the building of all the above types of β-convergence models for the period covering the years before and after the crisis of 2008–2009. A scheme of the investigation of the convergence process in regions of Ukraine is proposed, and on this basis the evaluation of β-convergence for Ukraine’s regions is conducted with the use of four types of models: the Barro and Sala-i-Martin model, the Baumol model, the Solow-Swan model, the Cuadrado-Roura model. On the basis of the study it has been found that for the peripheral regions the presence of convergence of their social and economic development is determined by the share of services in the gross regional product to a greater extent and availability of mineral resources to a less extent, but the given result is obtained only with the use of the Barro Sala-i-Martin model, for the other models the condition of β-convergence is not met.