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The objective of this study was to evaluate the technical viability and influence of the rootstock age and grafts growth habit on Araucaria angustifolia top grafting. Two rootstocks (8 and 35-year-old) were grafted with grafts originating from two growth habits (orthotropic and plagiotropic). We used the patch grafting technique in the middle and upper third of the crown of 8-year-old trees, and in the middle and lower third of 35-year-old trees, always near the apex in primary branches. The experiments were performed during the fall and spring/2015. The treatments consisted of: 8-year-old rootstocks and orthotropic grafts; 8-year-old rootstocks and plagiotropic grafts; 35-year-old rootstocks and plagiotropic grafts; 35-year-old rootstocks and orthotropic grafts. We evaluated graft survival throughout the experiment and at 16 months, we evaluated their survival, emission, and number and average length of sprouts. Top grafting is technically feasible for araucaria, with better results using younger rootstocks (8-year-old), especially with plagiotropic propagules and grafting in fall/2015 (71.9%). Growth habits of the grafts are maintained identically as original, independently of rootstock growth habit. RESUMO O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a viabilidade técnica e a influência da idade do porta-enxerto e do hábito de crescimento na enxertia de copa em Araucaria angustifolia. Foram utilizados porta-enxertos de duas idades (8 e 35 anos), com enxertos originários de dois hábitos de crescimento (ortotrópicos e plagiotrópicos). A enxertia foi realizada por borbulhia de placa, no terço médio e superior da copa das árvores de 8 anos e no terço médio e inferior das árvores de 35 anos, sempre próximo ao ápice em ramos primários. Os experimentos foram instalados em duas épocas, no outono e na primavera de 2015. Os tratamentos consistiram de: Porta enxertos com 8 anos de idade e enxertos ortotrópicos; Porta enxertos com 8 anos de idade e enxertos plagiotrópicos; Porta enxertos com 35 anos de idade e enxertos plagiotrópicos; Porta enxertos com 35 anos de idade e enxertos ortotrópicos. Foram avaliadas a sobrevivência dos enxertos ao longo do experimento e aos 16 meses, sua sobrevivência, a emissão, número e comprimento médio de brotações. A enxertia de copa é viável tecnicamente para araucária. O uso de porta-enxertos mais jovens (8 anos) é favorável a sobrevivência dos enxertos, especialmente quando da utilização de propágulos plagiotrópicos e enxertia realizada no outono (71,9%). O habito de crescimento dos enxertos se manteve idêntico ao original, independentemente do habito de crescimento dos porta-enxertos.

Intensive sour cherry production is concerned to find the most productive varieties under special growing conditions. High planting density, adapted to manual picking or on the other hand to mechanical harvesting. Almost as important is the prolongation of the ripening season by enlarging the choice of varieties. Unfortunately, three of our four leading commercial varieties are ripe almost at the same date.Therefore, new varieties ought to be examined thoroughly. In the Pallag Experimental Station of the Debrecen University, five European varieties have been grown (’Schattenmorelle’, ’PI-SA 12,100’, ’Jade’, ’Gerema’, ’Achat’) and a Hungarian one, ’Debreceni bôtermô’ used as a check for the experiments to compare their growing and yielding habits in 2010. The plantation was three years old, standing on Prunus mahaleb rootstocks, in high density (5 x 2 m) and trained to slender spindle crowns. The results are proving that some of the varieties inquestion are suitable to prolong the harvesting season. Growing habits and yields of the varieties related to the variety ’Debreceni bôtermô’ were similar or even better as ’Jade’, ’Gerema’ and ’Achat’. The ’Jade’ excelled with its vitality and ’Gerema’ with its generative character. Further studies are expected to prove the utility ofone of them at least to enlarge the ripening season on the fruit market.

Six peach varieties (’RedMoon’, ’Early Redhaven’, ’Rich Lady’, ’Suncrest’, ’Silver King’, ’Royal Glory’) grafted on seedling stock have been trained alternatively, to caldron (kettle) and to slender spindle, are compared in dormant stage regarding their variety-specific growing habits. According to our results, marked differences have been stated in vegetative vigour of varieties measured as the length, thickness and number of shoots. The caldron crowns displayed more vigour whereas the spindle trees produced more balanced and moderately growing shoots. The differences due to varieties were more conspicuous that due to the training. An intrinsic knowledge of growing habits of varieties may facilitate the development of variety-specific pruning technologies beginning with the training for crown forms.

La acacia australiana (A. melanoxylon R. Br.) es una especie exótica que se ha naturalizado en el sudeste bonaerense a partir de pequeños bosquetes establecidos con fines ornamentales y de protección. Su madera es valiosa y muy apreciada tanto en su región de origen (Australia continental e isla de Tasmania), donde existe una industria dependiente de ella, como en Sudáfrica, Nueva Zelanda y más recientemente, Brasil y Chile, donde es una exótica con comportamiento y rendimientos satisfactorios bajo una apropiada ordenación forestal. El presente trabajo resume aspectos de su particular e intensiva silvicultura, como podas, raleos, especies protectoras o acompañantes y manejo de la luz con el fin obtener fustes rectos, largos y sin nudos tanto en monte nativo como en plantaciones. También se enuncian los datos volumétricos y de crecimiento para diferentes sitios. Finalmente, se caracteriza su madera, que constituiría una importante materia prima alternativa y disponible en las regiones de Balcarce y Azul, frente a las Mirtáceas, Pináceas y Salicáceas que tradicionalmente han sido utilizadas en los emprendimientos forestales., Blackwood (A. melanoxylon R. Br.) is an exotic turned into a naturalised species in the south-eastern region of the province of Buenos Aires originating from afforestations of small scale established with ornamental and shelter purposes. It is a highly valued timber species in its original region (continental Australia and Tasmania) where the industry has developed depending on it. In South Africa, New Zealand, and more recently, Brazil and Chile, it thrives as an exotic with satisfactory behaviour and performance under the appropriate forest management. The present work summarises aspects of its particular intensive silviculture as form pruning, thinning, nurse crops and light management aiming to obtain acceptable sawlogs and knot-free timber in the native forest as well as in plantations. Volume and growth data from different site conditions are also discussed. Finally, its wood is characterised as an important raw material available in the regions of Balcarce and Azul and an alternative wood to that coming from Mirtaceae, Pinaceae and Salicaceae traditionally used by forest enterprises., Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales