Search

The amount of underground water discharge by identified wells and aqueducts in Tabriz plain is 134 MCM per year. According to the hydrograph drawn for Tabriz plain, the groundwater level has dropped by 1.394 meters for 16 statistical years (2006-2021) and 0.088 meters in the wet year (2020-2021). The results of the water balance calculation of the region showed that the plain is in a state of imbalance and the reservoir deficit was estimated at 22.74 MCM. The results of this study showed that one of the important factors of water shortage is to turn to crops with a high water requirement. So, the sustainable perception of the seven scenarios on the dominant crop pattern applied in the region which four scenarios (1) providing 80% of the water requirement of the products instead of providing full water requirement, (2) providing full water requirement while reducing the 20% cultivated area, (3) providing 90% of the water requirement of the products simultaneously with 10% reduction in their cropping area, (4) onion production due to high water requirement removal from the cropping pattern and reduction of 10% of the alfalfa cultivar and 10% Chickpea and vegetable cultivars were accepted, which are roughly proportionate to the sustainable harvesting value. The results showed that the most important solution for optimal water use is management of water use and in agricultural sector, changing the pattern of cultivation is a good way to reform the water use pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the use of eucalyptus peels as a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) for treating groundwater contaminated with copper ions. Activated carbon was produced from eucalyptus peels, and its adsorption capacity for copper removal was evaluated through laboratory experiments. COMSOL software was used to simulate the performance of the eucalyptus peel-based PRB in order to optimize the design as well as predict the efficiency and longevity of the barrier. Batch studies were conducted to evaluate how factors such as the initial concentration of the contaminant, pH level, contact time, amount of sorbent used, and agitation speed affected the results. The results show that the optimal values of these factors were a 50 ppm concentration, a pH of 6, an 80-minute contact time, a dosage of 2 mg per 100 ml, and a stirring speed of 250 rpm. These findings demonstrate that eucalyptus peels, being an agricultural waste product, can be effectively converted into activated carbon with a high adsorption capacity (equal to 91.5%) for copper ions. To analyze the data, researchers utilized COMSOL Multiphysics 3.5a software, which employs the finite element method to solve the equations that describe the one-dimensional (1D) movement of copper under equilibrium conditions. Compared to other organic and inorganic adsorbents commonly used in PRBs, eucalyptus peels showed promising results in terms of adsorption capacity and cost-effectiveness. This study contributes to the development of innovative and sustainable remediation strategies for groundwater contaminated with heavy metals like copper. The findings demonstrate the potential of eucalyptus peels as a viable alternative to traditional adsorbents used in PRBs, promoting the use of renewable materials in environmental management and indicating that the PRB significantly impedes the movement of the copper plume. Ultimately, the predictions from the COMSOL simulations were very close to the actual experimental results, with a root mean square error (RMSE) of less than 1%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An attempt has been made to comprehend the ground water quality and climate impacts of the Chennai River basin, which is aimed at its main socio-economic growth of the state of Tamil Nadu. The ground water samples collected from the study area were analyzed for its hydrogeochemical elements. The ground water quality and irrigation suitability were determined using several water quality assessment metrics. Ground water is extensively utilized for irrigation in the entire basin area for the past two decades, especially in the 38 over-exploited Firkas out of the 109 Firkas of the basin. It is inferred that the phreatic aquifer ground water quality is fresh in about 20%, as indicated by the EC value (< 750 µs/cm) at 25 °C. In about 63% of the ground water indicating the moderately fresh showing the EC varies between 751 and 2250 µs/cm at 25 °C, 11% of ground water exerted an EC ranging between 2251 and 3000 µs/cm at 25 °C indicating that the ground water is slightly mineralized, and in about 6% of groundwater, the EC is > 3000 µs/cm at 25 °C indicating that the ground water is highly mineralized. There were no water samples that exceeded the permissible limit of chloride either in phreatic aquifer or in fracture aquifer. The changes in rainfall frequency and atmospheric temperature affect the ground water movement and storage directly and indirectly. Similarly, the temperature data shows a positive relationship with the concentration of fluoride and nitrate ions in the water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Soil Sciences & Agricultural Engineering is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Groundwater is a vital source of water for human and agricultural use in many parts of the world. The purpose of this research was to establish the quality of groundwater in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, as well as the human health concerns associated with it. We collected and examined groundwater samples for pH, EC, TDS, CaCO3, fluoride (F−), chloride (Cl−), sulfate (SO4 2−), and nitrate (NO3 −). The ion chromatography conductometric detection method was constructed to determine fluoride, chloride, sulfate, and nitrate in groundwater. The suggested method worked well for the anions that were being studied; it had a high coefficient of determination (r2 > 0.998) and average recoveries for all analytes that were between 97.5% and 99.0%, with a range of error of 0.77 to 2.37%. Fluoride concentrations were detected between 0.001 and 0.14 mg/L, which are within the acceptable limit by several organizations. Chloride was measured in the range of 17.1 to 966.5 mg/L, with some samples above the limits. The influence on sulfate ranged from 2.0 to 1136.0 mg/L, with several samples exceeding the limits. In contrast, with nitrate levels ranging from 1.4 to 5.0 mg/L, the majority of the samples fall within the acceptable range. The overall intake of fluoride, chloride, sulfate, and nitrate is 0.00605, 138.911, 65.515, and 1.19, respectively, which is lower than the recommended daily consumption except for chloride. The groundwater sample contains fluoride and nitrate with HQ values less than one: 0.000064–0.0641 and 0.033654–0.120192. Humans in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, do not pose a health risk when digesting or absorbing groundwater fluoride or nitrate.

【Objective】 The presence of undigested antibiotics used in livestock farming poses significant environmental concerns, as their disposal into water and soil can lead to contamination of the food chain. This paper presents the analysis of the distribution and concentration of these antibiotics in both soil and groundwater. 【Method】 Soil and groundwater samples were collected from an intensive livestock farming area in H county. Antibiotics and hormones in these samples were analysed using the high-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. 【Result】 ① On average, there was more sulfonamide (SAs) in soil than in groundwater. All but megestrone acetate hormones were found in soil and groundwater, although there were more in soil than in groundwater. ② Sulfamethiazole, sulfonamide intermethacil, sulfonamide and sulfoamine were found in soil. In the groundwater, the concentrations of sulfonamide intermethacil and sulfamquinoxine were higher than the concentration of other antibiotics. ③ The concentration of hormone KTY04 was higher in the 0-20 cm soil layer than in the 60-80 cm layer. In the studied area, adrenocorticoid, testosterone, and notestosterone were the dominant hormones, with their mass concentration reaching 325 ng/L. 【Conclusion】 Our study found higher mass concentrations of sulfonamides in soil than in groundwater, except estrogen whose concentration was high in groundwater and moderate in soil. The presence of antibiotics and hormones from livestock farming could lead to increased contamination of both soil and groundwater, particularly sulfonamides and estrogens. Continuous monitoring is needed to assess their potential impacts on ecosystems.

Taking the landslide control project of landslide No.13 at Panzhihua airport as an example, this paper briefly describes the basic situation of the landslide and focuses on the hydrogeological conditions of the study area. The rainy season rainfall accounts for 95% of the annual rainfall in the study area, and the occurrence times of moderate to heavy rain and rainfall days of 3 days or more are concentrated in the rainy season from July to September, accounting for more than 95% of the total. The rainfall in the study area is characterized by high intensity and concentration during the rainy season. Geophysical exploration and drilling revealed that the ground water in the field filling area at the rear edge of the landslide was abundant, with a "nest" -shaped discontinuous distribution and obvious stratification. Aquifers are characterized by high clay content, good water-bearing properties, poor pore connectivity, and poor drainage, making it difficult to dissipate quickly. Based on the prominent feature of abundant groundwater in the landslide area, a remediation scheme combining anti-slide piles and joint drainage by well and inclined drainage holes is proposed. After the completion of the treatment project, the drainage effect of the joint drainage measures by well and drainage hole was evaluated, and the practical results demonstrated excellent drainage effectiveness.

Copyright of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article assesses the fluoride concentration of the groundwater in the Charkhi Dadri and Baund Kalan districts in Haryana, India. The study compares the fluoride concentrations in villages and towns in Charkhi Dadri and Baund Kalan. It evaluates skeletal and dental fluorosis and identified the origins of fluoride in groundwater including the abundance of fluoride-bearing minerals in the host rock, chemical interactions and their interaction with water.

Arsenic is a metalloid that is naturally present in the environment. Exposure to arsenic can cause health issues like cancer, cardiovascular, neurological, and respiratory complications. With more than a million people affected due to arsenic contamination in groundwater, Bihar is one of the worst arsenic-affected states in India. Groundwater is one of the primary sources for cooking, farming, and other household chores. People are exposed to arsenic through food as well as contaminated drinking water. As a result, arsenic has made its way into the food chain. Several cases of cancer, arsenical dermatosis, and keratosis have been reported in Bihar. The source of arsenic contamination in Bihar has yet to be identified, although the Himalayan sediments have been suspected as one of the prime reasons. The government has taken steps to prevent and control arsenic contamination in the state; however, reports in recent years indicate the number of blocks affected by arsenic contamination has been rapidly increasing. This necessitates a more comprehensive arsenic mitigation tool. Various technologies can be employed to mitigate levels of arsenic in groundwater, of which bioremediation is one of the more cost-effective and sustainable methods. The current article is an attempt to give an overview of the sources and areas of Bihar with arsenic contamination, and the concentration in different regions. It also provides a piece of detailed information on arsenic contamination on health, and the current state of arsenic bioremediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard & Control is the property of China Institute of Geological Environmental Monitoring (CIGEM) Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The groundwater resources have been under significant constraints due to excessive exploitation and climate change. It is imperative to comprehend these dwindling resources' characteristics, given their distribution and occurrence variability across the space and time. A semi-arid climate characterizes the study area and agriculture is the primary occupation, their reliance on groundwater is indispensable due to the lack of surface water sources and erratic rainfall patterns. Consequently, the study employed the Schlumberger array of 200 m-spaced half-current electrodes Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) survey was conducted at 100 VES locations to identify groundwater potential zones. Further, curve-matching and correlation of lithologies have been carried out from various VES-soundings, and also generated pseudo-cross sections of the subsurface geometry. The results revealed the existence of five geoelectrical resistivity layers as follows layer 1–6 to 422 Ωm, layer 2–8 to 7708 Ωm, layer 3–4 to 37117 Ωm, layer 4–37 to 95059 Ωm, and layer 5–205 to 83142 Ωm. The iso-apparent resistivity maps of the study area reveal values ranging for the first layer 11Ωm - 333 Ωm, the second layer 23Ωm - 5347Ωm, the third layer 11Ωm - 26734Ωm and 10Ωm - 67250Ωm for the fourth layer. The present research determined that the third and fourth layer constitute the principal aquifers due to their fractured structures. As a result, these layers produce a significant quantity of groundwater in the north-eastern (NE) and southern (S) regions of the study region. As a consequence of these findings, further exploration and management of groundwater resources in the study areas can be carried out with valuable insight.

The population of Landungsari Village is very large, exceeding 9,000 people. With such a substantial population, the need for clean water and sanitation is also considerable. However, the potential sources of raw water for clean water reserves are very limited, especially surface water. The groundwater level at the study site is also quite deep, particularly in the southern parts of Landungsari Village. Rambakan and Bendungan hamlets have groundwater levels ranging from 15 to 25 meters deep. In contrast, Klandungan hamlet averages over 25 meters, and in the vicinity of Thursina Boarding School, it is more than 40 meters deep, making shallow wells impractical. Meanwhile, the clean water supplied by the PDAM is very limited. To address the issue of clean water availability, an investigation through groundwater estimation is necessary to ensure that the selected locations for deep well exploration are not in vain. The results of groundwater estimation must be representative and provide strong scientific justification for the accuracy of the findings. The method used in this investigation is the geoelectric resistivity method using ADMT-300H, which operates based on Darcy's law. It emits electromagnetic waves and measures soil resistivity to identify aquifer layers and determine the depth and thickness of the aquifer. The results obtained with ADMT-300H include: optimal discharge at well 1 (WL-1) of 3.07 l/s and well 2 (WL-2) of 3.14 l/s. Optimal discharge represents the sustainable limit for utilizing groundwater flow.

Purpose. To analyze the state of water resources of the Podilsk region and the territorial features of water use in order to optimize their use. Methods. Methods of system-structural analysis, statistical, cartographic, modeling. Rresults. The current state and peculiarities of the use of water resources in the territory of the administrative districts of the Podilsk region were analyzed according to the indicators of total water intake from natural water bodies, the use of fresh water in general and the sectoral structure of water use. The main consumers of water resources in the region are industrial enterprises and housing and communal services. The largest share of underground water intake is in Ternopil Oblast, and the smallest in Vinnytsia, which is related to natural reserves of underground water. The largest volumes of water intake from natural water bodies and the use of fresh water are observed in the Khmelnytskyi region, and the smallest - in the Ternopil region. The analysis of the dynamics of water use indicators over the period 2020-2022 determined a decrease in the volume of water intake, especially in 2022, in all regions of the region. The largest share of water is used in the regions of the region for production needs. Conclusions. The dynamics of water consumption in all regions of the region has a tendency to decrease the volume of water intake. There are certain differences in the amount of surface and underground water intake. For many administrative districts and territorial communities, the problem of rational use of water resources is relevant.

Introduction: This study aimed to determine nitrate levels in water wells supplying drinking water in Taft city, Iran, and assess the associated health risks using the method proposed by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Materials and Methods: In 2021, the average annual nitrate levels were determined in 48 drinking water wells which were located in Zone 39 (Taft city). Health risk assessment and sensitivity analysis were conducted to identify the most influential variables. Results: The mean nitrate content in the water wells under study was 32.88 ± 18 mg/L. Out of the 48 examined water wells, 10 had nitrate levels higher than the standard value (50 mg/L) established by the Iranian Institute of Standardization (Standard No. 1053) and WHO. The calculated Hazard Quotient (HQ) for children and adolescents was greater than 1, while it was less than 1 for adults. Nitrate concentration in drinking water was found to be the most important influencing variable in the calculated HQ for children and adolescents. Conclusion: The results indicated that children and adolescents’ health in the studied area is at risk, and appropriate measures must be implemented to avoid and control the exposure of these vulnerable groups; they can be continuous monitoring of nitrate levels using on-site treatment methods where nitrate concentrations exceed the standard level, and decommissioning wells with high nitrate levels.

Aggressiveness of groundwater to concrete in Germany – part 2: validation of spatial analyses based on analysis results Groundwater quality needs to be assessed for geotechnical reports pursuant to DIN 4020 by determining the concentrations of magnesium, sulphate, ammonium and lime‐dissolving carbonic acid and their aggressiveness to concrete acc. to DIN 4030‐1. In this context, the first part of this publication introduced thematic maps that show concentration distributions separately for each of the relevant water constituents and, for purposes of the exposure classes defined in DIN 4030‐1, as aggregate values. To underline the importance of the thematic maps, these are compared with analysis results obtained by the German Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration (WSV) from 23 construction projects. The analysis results show very good agreement with the results derived from the thematic maps: the evaluations based on the analysis results and those based on the thematic maps are identical except for two sites, for which the maps nevertheless also enable reliable assessments of the aggressiveness to concrete. However, it is recommended that the maps should not be used as a substitute for groundwater sampling and analysis but rather as an additional, valuable method to be included in plausibility checks of analysis results and preliminary assessments of groundwater attack on concrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An assessment is given of the hydrogeological potential of the Terek-Kuma sands of the Western Caspian region, the strata of which contain significant reserves of underground water (artesian, ground water) of the Caspian lowland, which are located near the feeding glaciers of the Greater Caucasus. In terms of their chemical composition, they are suitable for irrigating woody and herbaceous ameliorant crops, as evidenced by the long-term scientific and experimental experience of the Achikulak Research Forestry Experimental Station of the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Agroforestry Reclamation (now the North Caucasus Branch of the Federal Scientific Center for Agroecology, Integrated Land Reclamation, and Protective Afforestation, Russian Academy of Sciences) on the sands of the Bazhigan massif, which provides a wide potential for the use of self-pressure (artesian) and free-flow (ground) underground water in oasis irrigation of sandy lands. Compared to the capital-intensive model of preliminary reservoir accumulation of self-flowing artesian waters for irrigating pastures, the project of using ground water for irrigating fodder phytocenoses directly from wells, by pulsed sprinkling using renewable energy sources (sun, wind energy), appears to be more profitable and faster to pay for itself. According to forecast estimates, the potential of the region's underground water is sufficient for hydromelioration of more than 100 000 ha of sandy lands in an arid territory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The water qualities of the table, municipal and groundwater sources in some parts of Enugu State, Nigeria, were examined to determine their suitability for drinking. A total of 12 physicochemical properties (PCPs) and 9 heavy metal (HM) concentrations, distributions, source analysis, health, and ecological risks were evaluated. The water samples were collected in triplicate from 28 sampling locations from December 2021 to February 2022. The HMs were quantified using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and titrimetric analysis. The mean HM values ranged within 0.0286 ± 0.0324–13.6067 ± 35.582, 0.0268 ± 0.0370–2.7450 ± 1.8666, and 0.0097 ± 0.0157–0.7718 ± 0.5080 mg/L in table, municipal and groundwater, respectively. Mean concentrations of Fe, Cd, Pb, and Ni were above recommended WHO/NIS standards in all water samples. For PCPs, the mean turbidity values for table and groundwater and all mean pH values of groundwater were above safe limits. The Hazard Quotient (HQ) and the Hazard Index (HI) for oral exposures in adults and children to HM were < 1. However, all HQ and HI for Cd dermal exposure in children for all drinking water sources were > 1. Source analysis and ecological risk assessments confirmed that HM pollution was of both geogenic and anthropogenic origins. Ecological assessments also revealed that pollution levels ranged from low risk of Ni concentrations in table water to very severe risk for Cd levels in groundwater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionWater is the source of life and a strategic resource for human societies. The need for this vital resource is increasing exponentially due to the increase in population and the development of industry and agriculture. People are forced to use underground water because surface water is not generally and permanently responsive to diverse needs. A decrease in their volume and many problems have been caused by the excessive use of these resources. This crisis has caused regional crises caused by the imbalance of resources and consumption, along with climate changes, has raised the issue of integrated management of water resources more than ever. Agricultural land has been developed due to the increase in population and the need for more food. Programs without principles that rely solely on the quality and quantity of underground water resources have been harmful. Groundwater aquifers are transformed into sources of the country's needs due to the heterogeneous and untimely temporal and spatial distribution of discharges and surface water flows. In recent years, with the increase in water demand and the non-supply of a significant part of it by surface water sources, the extraction - permitted and unauthorized - of underground water sources has been given much attention; so that the level of underground aquifers has decreased dramatically across the country. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of the important variables of precipitation, inflation and annual population as a representative of climatic, economic and social factors on the fluctuations of the underground water level in Urmia region. Material and MethodsIn the present study, the impact of three factors, precipitation, population and inflation, on the subsidence of the Urmia Plain aquifer has been investigated. To do this, multiple linear regressions was performed between the data of the annual loss of the groundwater level during 38 years, 1981 to 2019 with three variables of precipitation, population and inflation index of the previous year. According to the previous researches, firstly, an index of inflation has been established by comparing the average loss of the piezometric level of the underground water in Urmia region as a dependent variable, with the three independent variables of the average rainfall of water year as the most important climatic factor, the annual population of the major centers of human concentration located in the Urmia plain of previous year, and the base coefficient of the annual monetary value of previous year compared to 1981 using a multivariable linear regression. Then, the outcome is compared to the outcomes of artificial neural networks such as four-layer perceptron, three-layer perceptron, and radial basis function. All three networks have an input layer with three neurons to receive the values of the three independent variables of precipitation, population and inflation. One or two hidden layers with a number of neurons, to perform calculations and process the relationship between independent and dependent variables; and an output layer with a neuron to provide the processing results i.e., the estimated aquifer subsidence rate. The data used in the present study were derived from the years 1981-2019. The reference of the aquifer level data is the hydrograph extracted from 67 piezometer wells in the area by the underground water unit of basic studies of the West Azerbaijan Regional Water Company. The annual rainfall data reference is of the Urmia camp evaporation station located in the company premises, which is well controlled and highly reliable as an indicator of rainfall changes in the region. Population data is sourced from the Iranian Statistics Center, while inflation data is sourced from the Central Bank of Iran. Results and DiscussionAccording to the results of the reviewed models, despite the differences in the values of the numerical results, in all four models: multivariate linear regression, perceptron artificial neural networks of the four layers MLP:3-2-2-1, and the three layers MLP:3-5-1 and the radial basis function RBF: 3-5-1, it can be seen that the importance of the independent variables under study are population, inflation and annual precipitation respectively. It is obvious that a larger population needs more food, clothing, housing, etc., which, according to the concept of virtual water, ultimately leads to more use of the limited available water and soil resources. Economic activity, particularly agriculture, is increased due to the depreciation of currency and decrease in people's purchasing power, which is a result of the decrease in purchasing power and the depreciation of currency. This problem has also led to the change of land use of natural resources to agricultural lands that are either rainfed or irrigated. Explaining that rain fed lands cause more rainwater loss through capture and then evaporation and transpiration by plants planted by farmers. Irrigation of agricultural plants or gardens of irrigated lands - mainly with unauthorized water harvesting - ultimately leads to more water consumption. Additionally, humans have exploited underground water resources due to the inappropriate and untimely distribution of rainfall and surface water resources. Although by adopting new management methods, both social and economic, and improving water productivity, despite the increase in demand for water, despite our efforts to protect this vital, sensitive, and strategic resource, statistical studies, including the current results, demonstrate that we have not chosen the correct solutions. Considering some irreparable effects of the aquifer level drop, including irreversible changes in the mechanical characteristics of the soil, which lead to more vulnerability of infrastructures and facilities; the emphasis is placed on comprehensive water resource management and the concept of virtual water and its trade.

Conservation and storage of energy are important issues for human beings in the 21st century. A significant part of the energy is consumed for space cooling in buildings during summer. Passive cooling systems are used due to their low-power consumption; they, however, have some limitations such as lack of sufficient low temperature for the storage of coolth, in various localities. These problems make passive cooling technologies suitable in limited regions and scenarios. In this work, the inclusions of nanomaterials were examined to accelerate the freezing of phase changing material (PCM), with the applications of fins. The base (PCM) is water and CuO nanoparticles were used in this investigation to upgrade the performance. KKL is used to estimate the properties of CuO–water nanofluids. The finite element method (FEM) was employed to simulate this unsteady process. The outcomes indicate that incorporating CuO nanoparticles into pure PCM speeds up solidification process. The total energy and average temperature profiles decrease as the number of undulations upsurges, while the solid fraction profile rises. Furthermore, for d p = 4 0 nm, the uppermost rate of solidification is acquired. Increasing the concentration of CuO can make the freezing time to decrease by about 10.11% and 12.85% when the utilized shape factors are 3 and 5.7, respectively. Using particles with a higher shape factor causes the period to decrease by about 4% and 6.9% when concentration is 0.02 and 0.04, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of the study is to present an assessment report of radon concentration in the underground water of Bokaro district, Jharkhand, India. Water samples were collected from tube-wells at 100 different locations scattered throughout the district. The radon (222Rn) concentration level varies widely between 3.5 and 598.9 Bq/l with an average value of 145.8 Bq/l. In this paper, total annual effective dose of the samples and associated excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) were estimated also to assess the health risk due to the consumption of the radon rich water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Agricultural ecosystems depend on free environmental flows such as water, wind, sunlight, soil and soil organic matter and non-free flows such as fertilizers, pesticides, electricity, fuel, mechanical equipment and other industrial products. In this context, it is useful to use biophysical methods based on thermodynamic laws such as energy analysis, exergy analysis, exergy evaluation and life cycle evaluation with regard to the contribution of environmental services and inputs in the production system based on equivalent unit. By applying the emergy approach to analyzing the sustainability of agricultural systems, we can ensure that adequate management is implemented in order to increase the sustainability of production in these systems. In this regard, by evaluating and comparing two flood and drip irrigation systems in pistachio production using the integration of emergy and economic indicators, it is possible to provide an accurate picture of the sustainability of the two pistachio irrigation systems in Qom city, so that based on the results, Solutions for the development of cultivation and stabilization of pistachio production and the optimal presence of this plant in the cultivation pattern of the region should be provided. Materials and Methods: In the current study, two irrigation systems for pistachio fields in Qom Province, Iran, were analyzed using emergy analysis. For this study, we measured free renewable and non-renewable environmental flows, as well as non-free flows, in 2019 for two pistachio production systems that were irrigated by flood and rain. Free renewable environmental flows including sunlight, rain, wind, evaporation and transpiration and river water; Non-renewable environmental free flows including erosion and losses of soil organic matter; Non-free flows include chemical fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, machinery, fuel, organic fertilizers, labor and electricity that originate from outside the system. The output of the system was pistachio product. Results and Discussion: The largest free environmental input in both systems was the chemical energy of rain with 5.90E+14 sej ha-1 year-1. Renewable environmental flows for both systems in this study were 6.36E+14 sej ha-1 year-1. This category of input sources for flood and drip irrigation systems constituted 1.57% and 2.34% of the total inputs to each system, respectively. Consumption of underground water resources, evaporation and transpiration, loss of soil organic matter and soil erosion formed the main components of non-renewable environmental flows, whose share of the total input energy for flood and drip irrigation systems was 52.06% and 33.99%, respectively. Most of the flow of non-renewable environmental inputs in both systems was related to underground water. In general, the amount of underground water consumption, evaporation and transpiration and soil erosion was higher in flood irrigation system than drip irrigation system. The total emergy inputs for the flood and drip irrigation systems were calculated to be 4.05E+16 and 2.72E+16 sej ha-1 year-1, respectively, according to the findings. In contrast to the flood irrigation system, the drip irrigation system was more reliant on purchased supplies than on environmental inputs. Groundwater consumption accounted for 27.00% of total energy input in the flood irrigation system, while livestock manure accounted for 26.14% of total energy input in the drip irrigation system. Transformities in the flood and drip irrigation systems were 9.05E+05 and 5.46E+05 sej J-1, respectively; emergy renewabilities were 2.43% and 3.45%; emergy yield ratios were 2.157 and 1.571; emergy investment ratios were 0.86 and 1.75; standard environmental loading ratios were 62.76 and 41.74; and standard emergy sustainability indices were 0.034 and 0.038, respectively. Conclusion:Despite the flood irrigation system's larger contribution of environmental resources, the high use of groundwater as a non-renewable input resulted in an increase in environmental burden. The adoption of drip irrigation will lessen environmental burden on ecosystems while also improving water use. In the current study, the drip irrigation system outperformed the flood irrigation system in terms of yield, resource efficiency, renewability, and environmental sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the environmental risk of soils and groundwater in an abandoned Pb-Zn Mine and its surrounding areas. The heavy metals As, Hg, Ni, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn of soils and groundwater in an abandoned Pb-Zn Mine and its surrounding areas were determined. The single factor pollution index method and potential ecological risk assessment were employed to analyze the effects of abandoned Pb-Zn Mine and its surrounding areas on the concentrations of heavy metals in the soil. The results indicate that soil had been significantly polluted, As, Cd,Pb,and Zn were severely polluted. The main reason for exceeding the standard was inadequate environmental measures in the mining process, and the regional background value was relatively high. The groundwater content did not exceed the standard. The ecological risks exist in abandoned mines, it is recommended that abandoned mines be treated and repaired as soon as possible, and long-term monitoring of groundwater should be carried out. The significance of the research was to provide the theoretical basis for the subsequent treatment and restoration of abandoned mines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Uranium Mining & Metallurgy is the property of Uranium Mining & Metallurgy Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The significance of nitrogen in agricultural ecosystems cannot be overstated; however, it can pose a threat to the environment when it leaches into groundwater. This comprehensive meta-analysis sheds light on the complex relationship between organic and inorganic fertilizers and nitrogen leaching, encompassing 39 years of data. The results indicate that the impact of fertilizers is dependent on crop type, soil properties, and fertilization practices. Vegetables treated with synthetic fertilizers were found to have the highest levels of nitrogen leaching, while grasses exhibited the lowest. Soil texture was also determined to be a significant factor, with coarser soils leading to higher levels of leaching than medium or fine soils. The meta-analysis showed that organic sources resulted in an average of 16% higher losses of nitrate-N, but there was no significant difference between organic and synthetic N fertilizers in terms of leaching overall. These findings provide valuable insights for the responsible management of nitrogen and to further our understanding of the impact of fertilizers on nitrate pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simulation of filtration flows under the Zhukovskii sheet pile through a soil mass underlain by an impermeable base or by a highly permeable pressure aquifer was carried out using two schemes within the framework of the theory of flat steady-state filtration of an incompressible fluid according to Darcy's law. The influence of evaporation or infiltration on the free surface of ground water was studied based on solving mixed boundary-value problems of the theory of analytical functions using the Polubarinova-Kochina method. Algorithms have been developed for calculating the saturated zone of soil in the case of water moving in it is determined by the backing of the soil from its impermeable base or the underlying well-permeable aquifer, evaporation or infiltration on the free surface of ground water and by soil capillarity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main issues confronting humanity in the twenty-first century is the lack of potable water availability. Around half of the world's consumers face drinking water scarcity. Industrially rich areas have a high population and high-water contamination risk factors. Modern technologies that are quite effective for water purification, present economical limitations that impede their usefulness in developing countries. Conventional methods involving low energy, low chemical demand, and prevention of water-borne disease are therefore significant for water purification in developing countries like Pakistan. These limitations have led to improvising the conventional method for facile water purification. Herein we report the water purification assembly based on allow sand filtration; involving the raw materials grass, clay, sand, silt, pebbles, gravel and coal/fly ash carbon to obtain clean and quality-controlled water treatment. Ground water samples collected from various areas of Sargodha city were subjected to the developed design Hybrid Multi-Layer Slow Sand Filter (HMLSSF). Based on pre- and post-treatment water analysis, it was determined that the filtration assembly was quite effective at reducing pH, turbidity, dissolved and suspended solids, hardness, and heavy metals percent removal by 87%, 77.7%, 91.3%, 95.4%, 84.4%, and to promising levels, respectively. Moreover, 99 % biological contamination such as total coliform was also removed by this method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jurnal Teknologi dan Rekayasa Sumber Daya Air is the property of Brawijaya University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Jurnal Teknologi dan Rekayasa Sumber Daya Air is the property of Brawijaya University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Iraqi National Journal of Earth Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present study is to characterize the groundwater and leachate in the Kaniqrzhala landfill in Erbil City. Groundwater samples were collected from six wells and a leachate sample in order to evaluate the possible effect of leachate percolation into groundwater and assess the potential contamination. Several physicochemical parameters were analyzed to evaluate the groundwater and leachate characterizations, including (turbidity, pH, EC, total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, total alkalinity (TA), Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻, PO₄³⁻, NH₃⁺, NO₃⁻, Na⁺, K⁺) and heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Fe, Pb, Cr, and Cd). In addition, the evaluation of the water quality index (WQI) and leachate pollution index (LPI) were determined. All groundwater samples were determined to be below the permitted limits set by WHO guidelines, excluding EC, TDS, PO₄³⁻, and NO₃⁻, showing moderately high concentrations and leachate sample concentrations above allowed limits. The WQI values ranged from 74.833 to 88.463, meaning that all groundwater samples were deemed "good" and fit for drinking and other uses. The LPI value is high (23.938), indicating a high contamination potential in the leachate. The results showed Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra, Tribulus terrestris, and Caper spinosa plant leaves have varying capacities to adsorb heavy metal ions from leachate.

The state of surface water objects requires constant attention, since on the one hand – they are the sources of fresh water, and on the other hand – the wastewater receivers. Whole range of factors influence the state of surface waters: climatic characteristics, hydrology, soil features and water quality. The relevance of this topic is due to the difficult socio-ecological situation in the river basins of Ukraine; during decades, the aquatic ecosystems have been considered and used only as an economic resource for industrial and agricultural production and the discharge of pollutants, which has led to a rapid decrease in the ecological potential of natural water objects. The purpose of the study is to analyze the natural and anthropogenic impacts on the formation of surface runoff, to determine mathematical dependencies for an adequate calculation of volumes of surface runoff, considering the anthropogenic impacts, which changes the natural features of hydrographs in watercourses and the quality of surface waters. To determine the volumes of surface runoff, it is used the methods that are based both on the direct instrumental measurements and on the construction of various digital models. In the course of the study, it has been identified the main factors influencing the formation of anthropogenic floods, as well as the most typical pollutants, which are present in the surface runoff from the areas with residential construction and artificial coating. The article proposes a number of improvements to the existing mathematical dependencies based on the theory of isochrones for a more accurate display of the processes that form the surface runoff. The resulting mathematical model can be used for predicting the surface runoff from various surfaces, both natural and those that have undergone changes as a result of anthropogenic impact, which in the future can become the basis for the development of environmental measures

Heavy metals pollution is associated with various forms of deleterious effects to the ecosystem. The aim of this study was to quantify Cu, Mn, Cd, Zn, Ni, Pb, Co, Fe, Cr, and As in ground water and assess its impact on human health when used for domestic purpose. Eighteen ground water samples were collected, prepared and analyzed using Agilent technology model 4210 MP-AES microwave plasma emission spectrophotometer. The concentrations of Cd, As, Pb and Cu were greater than the WHO standard. The assessment of the human health risks from all the studied HMs revealed that the non carcinogenic risk was higher in children than adults while the carcinogenic risk was higher in adults than children. In adults, both the non carcinogenic and the carcinogenic risks decreased as the BMI increased. The health risks in both children and adults were below the USEPA safe limits of 1.0 and 1E-06 to 1E-04 for non carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks respectively. In conclusion, children were at a higher potential health risks due to heavy metals exposure than adults. It was recommended that the culture of testing boreholes and well water for heavy metals should be learned.

Ammonia nitrogen contamination in groundwater along the Yangtze River in Anhui Province has become increasingly serious. However, the cause of the excessive ammonia nitrogen is not clear, especially the scan data concerning its source. Taking the QY10A monitoring well as an example, the source of ammonia nitrogen was studied using pollutant tracing, water quality detection, leaching tests, and nitrogen isotope analysis. No sources of high concentrations of ammonia nitrogen were identified in the study area. There was no evidence of a close hydraulic relationship between groundwater with high ammonia nitrogen and surface water. Silty clay and the lower gray-black silty clay were the main locations of ammonia nitrogen. Nitrate 8"N and 8"O of groundwater with high ammonia nitrogen originated from NH, in the soil. The findings indicate that the excessive ammonia nitrogen in the QY10A monitoring well was caused by the high content of the primary geological environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]